shared situational awareness - a vital element to next ... · generation air transportation system...

Document Number Here© 2007 The MITRE Corporation. All rights reserved.

Shared Situational Awareness -A Vital Element to Next Generation

Aviation Security

C. Vanessa Fong

Counterterrorism For Transportation ConferenceThe Coordination and Integration of Human, Technical

and Machines Intelligence forAir, Land, and Sea

2nd March, 2007

JPDO

SBORG

Text Box

Approved for Public Release; Distribution Unlimited Case # 07-0390

2

Flights 1.4-2X

2

3

Passengers 1.8-2.4X

Fact

or o

f Inc

reas

e

Cargo tons 3-5X

2004 2025

Jet Aircraft 2-3X

Year

Air Transportation System Forecast Demand

Document Number Here© 2007 The MITRE Corporation. All rights reserved.3

Walker Commission on the Future of the U.S. Walker Commission on the Future of the U.S. Aerospace Industry, 2002Aerospace Industry, 2002

• Transform the U.S. air transportation system to meet civil aviation, national defense, and homeland security needs … a national priority.

• The Administration should establish a Next Generation Air Transportation System Office that brings together the FAA, NASA, DoD, DHS, NOAA and others.

• Within a year, present a plan to the Administration and the Congress outlining the overall strategy, schedule, and resources needed to deploy the NGATS.


Joint Planning and Development Office (JPDO)

Public Law 108 - 176

Develop and Guide the Collaborative Planning Efforts of DOT, DOD, DOT/FAA, DOC, DHS, NASA, and White House OST to Develop the NextGeneration Air Transportation System NextGen (aka NGATS)

- Current organization: 8 Integrated Product Teams (IPTs), responsible for key NextGen Capabilities

• Security IPT (DHS Leads)

• Shared Situational IPT (DOD Leads)• Network-Enabled Information Sharing• Network-Enabled Information Sharing

• Layered, Adaptive Security• Layered, Adaptive Security

5

NextGen(NGATS) Vision & Goals

A transformed air transportation system that provides services tailored to individual customer needs, allows all communities to participate in the global economy, and seamlessly integrates civil and security operations.

Expand Capacity

Ensure Safety

Protect the Environment

Ensure our National Defense

Secure the Nation

Retain U.S. Leadershipin Global Aviation

6

Move people & goods expeditiously from “curb-to-curb”while ensuring protection from foreign & domestic threats

NextGen (NGATS) Layered, Adaptive Security

• Adaptive Security for People, Cargo, Airports and Aircraft

• Risk Assessment-Driven Evaluation and Response

• Positive Identification for People and Cargo

• Preventive Threat Detection and Mitigation


NextGen (NGATS) Security Performance Targets

• Provide aviation security for 3 times current capacity• Reduce aviation security costs 25%.• Reduce curb-to-curb transit time 30%.• Maintain airport process time under 30 minutes. • Exceed 95% on-time arrivals and departures.


NextGen (NGATS) Layered, Adaptive Security

Net-Enabled Operations With Shared Situational Awareness

TH

RE

A

T


Transforming Aviation Security Through Network-Enabled Operations

Cognitive Evolution End StateOperationsInformation & Connectivity

RobustlyNetworked

Mission PartnersInformation

Sharing

SharedSituationalAwareness

Knowledge,Decision andOperational

Synchronization

Collaboration

New Policies and Processes

Quality ofInformation

UnifiedNetwork-Enabled

Operations

Based on: Col Gary Agron and Col Chuck Pattillo “Network Centric Operations, The Power of Information Age Concepts and Technologies”, Office of Force Transformation, www.oft.osd.mil


-- A Notional Example --A Flight: Enterprise View of Information Sharing in A

Network Enabled Aviation Security Environment

Information Sources Examples SupportingThe Aviation Security Mission

Flight Operators: Flight Plans,Crew, Passengers, Cargo

FAA: 4DT, Aircraft Registry,NAS constraints,

Flow Strategies, Surveillance

DHS: Security Assets, AS Waivers,Security Certificates, Stolen AC,

Watch lists

DOC: Weather

DOD: Defense Assets, Surveillance

Flight 3Security

Risk Profile 3

Flight 4Security

Risk Profile 4

Flight 2Security

RiskProfile 2

Flight 1Security

RiskProfile 1

NAS Traffic Flow and Security

Flight/AC Information

FAMs, FFDOs, LEOs

Travelers, Crew, and Cargo


Cargo Information

Aircraft information

Passenger andBaggage Information

Crew Information

LEO information

Flight 2 Flight 3 Flight 4 Flight 5Flight 1

Flight Plan andAssociated Information

Aircraft information

Airport Information

A Notional Layered Data Framework To Support Shared Situational Awareness


A Notional Example of Risk Profile vs. Airspace Access Strategy

UnlimitedAccess

No Monitoring

Limited AccessClose Monitoring

0.5 1 2.5 30

0.5 1 2.5 30

ManagementStrategy

No Access

Unlimited AccessClose Monitoring

UnlimitedAccess

Random Monitoring

RISK PROFILETHRESHOLD


• Roles and Responsibilities• What is ATM’s role in security event management?• Who pays for what?• Who makes what decisions when?

• Policy• Who can see what information under whatcondition?

• Privacy• Clearances

• Strategy• What are the visions and goals?• Do we strive for unified standards?

• Infrastructure• How do we connect?• Do we have enough bandwidth?

• Services• What information services are available tothe Aviation Security stakeholders?

• Integrity• Is the information of high quality for

decision making?

Information Sharing Challenges in Network-Enabled Aviation Security

- Example Issues -

Integrity

Services

Policy

Strategy

Infrastructure


OPERATIONS

Unified Approach to Transform Aviation Security

Flight Operators

Government

INTEGRATION

Architecture ResearchInvestments/Funding

POLICY

Airports

Capabilities

People

Information and Systems

Processes


Secure Airports

Secure People

Secure Checked Baggage

Secure Cargo/Mail

Secure Airspace

Secure Aircraft

Integrated Risk ManagementNet-Enabled Operations

With Shared Situation Awareness

THREAT


A fundamental shift in information management, communication, and assurance. The future aviation system will be network-centric. It provides authorized users with a seamless, secure, and interconnected information environment, during normal operations or system-wide crisis:

• A operating picture with common information

• Ability to collaborate for decision-making.


Where Are We?

The Intelligence Reform and TerrorismPrevention Act of 2004, HSPD 7 & 16,

and EO 13356 & 13388

NextGen Concept ofOperations and Roadmap

Cross Domain Information Sharingto Enable Net-Centric Operations

Government Agencies With IndependentInformation Architecture Strategies


Document Number Here© 2005 The MITRE Corporation. All rights reserved.

Aviation Security Can be Transformed with Shared

Situational Awareness.

Thank You!Vanessa Fong, [email protected]

mailto:[email protected]


Backup Slides

JPDO

19

Current NextGen (NGATS) Organization

FAA Administrator

JPDO Director/Deputy Dir

PartnershipManagement

REDAC ExecutiveCommittee

Sys Engineering & Integration

Senior Policy Committee

Evaluations & Analysis

PortfolioManagement

Business ManagementChief

Architect

Master IPT

AirportInfrastructure

FAA

AviationSecurity

DHS

Air TrafficManagement

NASA

SituationalAwareness

DoD

SafetyFAA

EnvironmentalProtection

FAA

WeatherDOC

Global Harmonization

FAA

NGATS Institute

Studies & P

ilot Program

s

IPTE

xpertParticipation

NGATS Institute

Management Council (IMC)

NGATS Institute Executive Director

JPDO Executive

Board

Interagency IPT Leads

20

JPDO Process for Achieving NextGen (NGATS)

Develop Enterprise Architecture; Analyze Alternative Solutions and Assess Tradeoffs

0

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FY

FY05

$K

397 GBT + Backup F&E397 GBT + Backup O&MTotal Radar Centric F&E + O&M

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FY05

$K

397 GBT + Backup F&E397 GBT + Backup O&MTotal Radar Centric F&E + O&M

10,000

11,000

12,000

13,000

14,000

15,000

16,000

17,000

18,000

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Year

Staf

f

• Architect & AnalyzeDefine and ImplementIncremental Solutions

via SegmentsFY06 FY08 FY10 FY12 FY14 FY16 FY18 FY20 FY22 FY 24

DEVELOP

DEVELOP

DEVELOP

DEVELOP

DEVELOP

DEVELOP

DEVELOP

IMPLEMENT

IMPLEMENT

IMPLEMENT

IMPLEMENT

IMPLEMENT

IMPLEMENT

IMPLEMENT

Research , Analysis, and Demonstrations(Research $)

Enhanced System Operations to Meet NGATS Goals(Operations $)

Note: Segments are defined by their operational dateSpecific start dates and implementation timelines vary by IPT and solution element

Segment 1

Segment 2

Segment 3

Segment 4

Segment 5

Segment 6

Segment 7

Spec

Spec

Spec

Spec

Spec

Spec

Spec

FY06 FY08 FY10 FY12 FY14 FY16 FY18 FY20 FY22 FY 24

DEVELOP

DEVELOP

DEVELOP

DEVELOP

DEVELOP

DEVELOP

DEVELOP

IMPLEMENT

IMPLEMENT

IMPLEMENT

IMPLEMENT

IMPLEMENT

IMPLEMENT

IMPLEMENT

Research , Analysis, and Demonstrations(Research $)

Enhanced System Operations to Meet NGATS Goals(Operations $)

Note: Segments are defined by their operational dateSpecific start dates and implementation timelines vary by IPT and solution element

Segment 1

Segment 2

Segment 3

Segment 4

Segment 5

Segment 6

Segment 7

Spec

Spec

Spec

Spec

Spec

Spec

Spec

Policy, Portfolio, Roadmaps,and Business Cases

• Define Solutions

R2 = 0.67

R2 = 0.62

-

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

6,000

- 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 7,000 8,000 9,000

Weather Score

Del

ays

(>1

Hou

r) 20032004

R2 = 0.67

R2 = 0.62

-

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

6,000

- 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 7,000 8,000 9,000

Weather Score

Del

ays

(>1

Hou

r) 20032004

Measure Post-Implementation

Performance, Service,and Cost of Segment

• Execute & Measure

$0

$1

$2

$3

$4

$5

FY04 FY05 FY06 FY07 FY08 FY09

ATO Capital Budget Shortfall

$ B

illio

ns

FY04 Capital Investment Plan

Projected Funding

Cumulative $3.2B

$0

$1

$2

$3

$4

$5

$0

$1

$2

$3

$4

$5

FY04 FY05 FY06 FY07 FY08 FY09FY04 FY05 FY06 FY07 FY08 FY09

ATO Capital Budget Shortfall

$ B

illio

ns

FY04 Capital Investment Plan

Projected Funding

Cumulative $3.2B

Baseline andAssess Today’s

Performance

Vision

•Aircraft can self separate with or without pilots and when necessary control can be assumed from the ground

•Customers and operators are fully informed with increased options to self-manage their ability to meet their needs

•All communities are connected into the global air transportation network

Airs

pace Decouple from

Ground Based CNS

Veh

icle

s New Airframes, Materials and Propulsion

Refuse to Crash Avionics

2006 2008 2015 2025

Risk Based Screening

Self Separation

Integrated Aviation and Border Security Functions

Two Aircraft on Same Runway

Market Based Flow Management (NASDAQ)

Secu

rity

&

Safe

ty

Market for Environmental Credits

Environmental Ground Equipment & Operations

Noise Reducing Operations

Airp

orts

Revise AIP including Regional Capacity

PlanningAutomated Aircraft Taxi & Surface Management

Comprehensive Airport Program Model Airport of the FutureWith Transparent Screening

Proa

ctiv

e Sa

fety

Man

agem

ent C

ultu

re w

ith

Non

-Pun

itive

Dat

a Sh

arin

g &

C

ompr

ehen

sive

FA

R R

evie

w

Network EnabledCoordinated

Response

Fuzzy logic to manage Weather uncertainty

Routine Use ofRemote Pilots

Performance Based Services

Automated Maneuvering to avoid Mid-air collisions

Formation Takeoff & Landings

Exception Handling Services

Near all weathertakeoff & landing

Vision




Vision




Airs

pace Decouple from

Ground Based CNS

Veh

icle

s New Airframes, Materials and Propulsion

Refuse to Crash Avionics

2006 2008 2015 2025

Risk Based Screening

Self Separation

Integrated Aviation and Border Security Functions

Two Aircraft on Same Runway

Market Based Flow Management (NASDAQ)

Secu

rity

&

Safe

ty

Market for Environmental Credits

Environmental Ground Equipment & Operations

Noise Reducing Operations

Airp

orts

Revise AIP including Regional Capacity

PlanningAutomated Aircraft Taxi & Surface Management

Comprehensive Airport Program Model Airport of the FutureWith Transparent Screening

Proa

ctiv

e Sa

fety

Man

agem

ent C

ultu

re w

ith

Non

-Pun

itive

Dat

a Sh

arin

g &

C

ompr

ehen

sive

FA

R R

evie

w

Network EnabledCoordinated

Response

Fuzzy logic to manage Weather uncertainty

Routine Use ofRemote Pilots

Performance Based Services

Automated Maneuvering to avoid Mid-air collisions

Formation Takeoff & Landings

Exception Handling Services

Near all weathertakeoff & landing

Identify Future Capabilities and

Outcomes; Define Concept of Operations;

• Define the “What”

NAS Security Boundary

Core Enclave(s)

SupportEnclave(s)

I BM

Enclave Comm. Control (ECC)

DMZ

Security Management& ReportingIB M

Non-NAS Entities

NAS Security Boundary

Core Enclave(s)

SupportEnclave(s)

I BM

Enclave Comm. Control (ECC)

DMZ

Security Management& ReportingIB M

Non-NAS Entities

Determine Programand Research Needs

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