shale gas/ oil - cmpdicmmclearinghouse.cmpdi.co.in/presentationsnov13/tech-4/ankitave… ·...
TRANSCRIPT
SHALE GAS/ OIL:
OPPORTUNITIES
& &
CMPDI’S ENDEAVOURS
KEY POINTS
1.1. India’sIndia’s EnergyEnergy ScenarioScenario
2.2. DevelopmentDevelopment ofof NonNon--conventionalconventional energyenergy resourcesresources..
3.3. ShaleShale GasGas :: GenerationGeneration andand StorageStorage3.3. ShaleShale GasGas :: GenerationGeneration andand StorageStorage
4.4. ShaleShale GasGas:: CMPDI’sCMPDI’s EndeavourEndeavour
5.5. CMPDI’sCMPDI’s AchievementsAchievements
6.6. ChallengesChallenges inin developmentdevelopment
7.7. WaysWays AheadAhead
India’s Energy Scenario
� Being an underdeveloped country for
better quality of life India requires a
sustained economic growth.
� In recent decades Indian economy is
driven by a GDP growth of arounddriven by a GDP growth of around
7%.
� Placing enormous demand on energy
resources.
� Created a sizeable gap between
demand and supply.
India’s Energy Basket
Coal
53%
India’s Energy Basket
53%
Oil/ Gas
40 %
Others
7%Source: India Energy Book 2012
Development of Non-conventional
Energy Resources
1• Growing energy demand
2
• Limited resources of Petroleum and Natural gas
3
• Problems being faced in development of Nuclear and Hydel Power
Environmental
Concern
Need to develop
other
Non-conventional
energy resources
SafeSafe
Development of Non-conventional
Energy Resources
�CBM/CMM attracted lot of interest globally and in India for its
commercial development as lot of methane is being vented to
atmosphere due to mining activity.
�After the formulation of CBM Policy by the Government of
India in 1997, CBM has established an important place as aIndia in 1997, CBM has established an important place as a
clean energy source in India and commercial production has
already started in several blocks.
Shale Gas
What is Shale Gas?
� In situ hydrocarbon gas present inorganic rich, fine grained, sedimentaryrocks.
� Shale gas may contain thermogenic, biogenic or mixed gas.
� Biogenic Gas: Bacterial Process
� Thermogenic Gas: GeochemicalProcess
� In case of Shale Gas, shale acts as bothsource as well as reservoir rock.
Shale Gas: Generation Concept
Kerogen: Organic matter (plant and microorganism fossils)
deposited in sedimentary rock characterized by Depositional
matter.
Kerogen Kerogen Gas/Oil Kerogen Gas/Oil Kero Gas/Oil
Shale Gas: Storage Mechanism
Adsorbed Gas
(Within matrix of Kerogen)
Free Gas(in pore spaces and fractures)
Shale Gas
Dissolved Gas
Shale Gas: Generation Capability
Generation Capability is Mainly Driven By:
� Quantity/Concentration of Kerogen (TOC)
� Type of Kerogen (Indicator of hydrocarbon product)� Type of Kerogen (Indicator of hydrocarbon product)
� Vitrinite Reflectance or Thermal maturity
Shale Gas: Generation Capability
TOC : Total amount of Organic Carbon in rock (Wt %)
Organic materials such as microorganism fossils and plant
matter provide the requisite carbon, oxygen and hydrogen
atoms needed to create natural gas and oil.
Characterization of Source Rock based on TOC (Wt%)
�< 0.5% Non source
�0.5-1.0 Fair
�1.0-2.0 Good
�>2.0 Excellent
Shale Gas: Generation Capability
Kerogen
Type
Type I Type
II
Type
III
Type
IV
Primary HC Primary HC
GenerationOIL OIL GAS NONE
Depositional
Matter
Sea
Water
Algae
Land
plants
&
marine
algae
Woody
land
plants
Dead
Plants
Van-Krevelen Diagram
Shale Gas: Generation Capability
Thermal Maturity:
Thermal maturity measures thedegree to which a formation has beenexposed to high heat needed to breakdown organic matter intohydrocarbons.hydrocarbons.
Vitrinite Reflectance:
� Ro :0.5-1.3% Oil Window
� Ro: 0.9->2.0% Gas Window
� Ro: 0.9-1.3% Wet gas window
� Ro: >1.3% Dry Gas Window
Source: Sciencedirect.com
Other Parameters
The following set of geologic and reservoir properties are also required
to identify the prospective area:
• Shale deposition
• Net interval thickness (net
pay)
• Matrix porosity
• Natural fractures
Other geologic properties, such as presence, nature and distribution of
large-scale faults, etc., need to also be established.
• Reservoir pressure gradient
and depth
• Mineralogy
Development of Shale Gas in India
Development of shale gas in USA
‘The Game Changer’
� Provided momentum to other developed and under developed
countries for development of Shale Gas
� In line with the international development, development of Shale Gas
in India was also taken as priority area both at Government and
industry level.
BASIN GEOLOGICAL AGE
1 CAMBAY TERTIARY
2 RANIGANJ PERMIAN
3 JHARIA PERMIAN
4 BOKARO PERMIAN
Shale Gas Prospect in India
5 KARANPURA PERMIAN
6 TALCHER PERMIAN
7 ASSAM TERTIARY
8 SATPURA PERMIAN
9 KG TERTIARY
10 CAUVERY TERTIARY
Source: DGH
? No data was generated for shale
? Lack of Expertise
? Lab studies for shale was not
Challenges in Assessment
? Lab studies for shale was not
available
? Limited availability of shale samples
? Limited Lab practices
CMPDI‘s Strength
The premier exploration agencyfor coal in the countryThe premier exploration agencyfor coal in the country
Carried out lakh’s of metres ofcoring drilling in IndianGondwana coalfields since 4decades and created huge databank
Carried out lakh’s of metres ofcoring drilling in IndianGondwana coalfields since 4decades and created huge databank
Access to large volume ofcentury old mining dataAccess to large volume ofcentury old mining data
Has a pool of geoscientists andmining engineers specialized inGondwana sedimentary basinand are fully competent to takeany challenging job
Has a pool of geoscientists andmining engineers specialized inGondwana sedimentary basinand are fully competent to takeany challenging job
CMPDICMPDI
Shale Gas: CMPDI’s Endeavour
CMPDICMPDI tooktook aa leadlead::
� Perceived R&D Project on “Assessment of prospect of Shale
Gas in Gondwana Basin with special reference to CIL areas”
along with ARI as a sub implementing agency.
� Delineated and prepared Data Dossiers for six prospective
Shale Gas blocks within Gondwana Basin and Sohagpur Basin.
� A S&T project on “ Shale Gas potentiality evaluation of
Sedimentary basin in India” along with NGRI and CIMFR.
Shale Gas: CMPDI’s Endeavour
with special Reference to Coal Bearing
Damodar Valley Basin
Shale Gas: CMPDI’s Endeavour
DamodarDamodar ValleyValley BasinsBasins::
�Thermally mature
�Known for housing high rank of coal
�Significant deposition of organic matter
ShalesShales ofof DamodarDamodar valleyvalley basinbasin
�May be organically rich
�May have good prospect of gas
These coalfields have been covered by intensive exploratory
programme, which has resulted in detail knowledge for deposition
of shale horizons.
Shale Gas: CMPDI’s Endeavour
� Based on exploratory data CMPDI has identified certain potential
shale horizon.
� Primary results of Geochemical analysis were found very encouraging.
1,200
1,400
TOC v/s Depth relationship of samples in Gondwana Basin
0
200
400
600
800
1,000
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Dep
th (
M)
Total Organic Carbon (Wt. %)
Shale Gas: CMPDI’s Endeavour
Most samples are falling in
Type II and Type III
Kerogen
Shale Gas: CMPDI’s Endeavour
� Most of the shale samples are falling in early oil to condensate zone (Ro: O.5-1.3%)
� Some samples at deeper level are falling in dry gas window (Ro>1.3%) that shows a
high level of conversion of kerogen into hydrocarbon
Shale Gas: CMPDI’s Endeavour
Real time Real time
Geochemical Method
Geochemical Method
Empirical Method of Empirical Method of
Shale Shale gas gas
ResourceResource
Shale Shale gas gas
ResourceResource
Real time DesorptionReal time
DesorptionMethod of
Gas-in-PlaceMethod of
Gas-in-Place
Shale Gas: Opportunities
� The primary studies indicates encouraging shale gas prospects
in Damodar Valley basins.
� Barren Measures shales that are devoid of workable coal seams
also shown very good prospect.
� Barren Measure area with thick piles of shale can be a good
prospect for future shale gas production as these areas are away
from coal mining activities.
� Barakar Shales have excellent TOC and maturity is reached
upto Gas window (Ro-1.3 %), but these horizons are covered
with intensive mining operation.
CMPDI’s Achievement
� Data Dossiers on Shale Gas prepared by CMPDI is the first systematicassessment of Shale Gas in the Coal Bearing Damodar Basins.
� CMPDI created lab facility (TOC analyser and Rock Eval) for shale gas specificdata generation.
� CMPDI is generating shale gas specific data in the boreholes being drilled underPromotional Regional Exploration (PRE) funding. 25 Borehole are consideredCMPDI is generating shale gas specific data in the boreholes being drilled underPromotional Regional Exploration (PRE) funding. 25 Borehole are consideredfor studies in 12th plan period.
Challenges in Development
Challenges on Technological Front for Development of Shale Gas may Challenges on Technological Front for Development of Shale Gas may
account of:account of:
�Limited Geographical Area
�Indian Shale deposits are of shallower depth.
�Low permeability and natural fractures may cause a huge cost per well�Low permeability and natural fractures may cause a huge cost per well
during production.
�Hydro fracturing job will require huge amount of water.
�Most of the Damodar Valley shale deposits are in close proximity to
either coal mining activity or CBM activity.
�Lack of proven technology for development of shale gas in Indian
geomining condition.
Ways Ahead…..
� Development of shale gas should be given priority at the national level as ithas the capacity to play a pivotal role in enhancing the energy security of thecountry
� Reputed International consulting agencies who are engaged in different phasesof shale gas development may be engaged for development of shale gasIndustry in India.
� Geophysical study is an important tool for shale gas. It is felt necessary thatthis study should be made necessary for shale gas exploration studies in India
� Shale gas policy which is in draft stage at Government level, may providesome regulatory framework in order to attract investment in this sector.
� Increasing price of gas may give a thrust to E&P companies to invest in thissector.
