session no. 2.2. biological molecules proteins and enzymes
TRANSCRIPT
Session No. 2.2.Structures and Functions of Biological Molecules: Proteins and Enzymes
Learning Objectives1. categorize the biological molecule as protein
according to their structure and function (STEM_BIO11/12-Ii-j-15).
2. explain the role of protein in specific metabolic processes (STEM_BIO11/12-Ii-j-16).
3. describe the components of an enzyme (STEM_BIO11/12-Ii-j-17).
4. determine how factos such as pH, temperature, and substrate affect enzyme activity (STEM_BIO11/12-Ii-j-19).
Simple test for the presence of biomolecules
Group 1: Test for the presence of fats using peanutGroup 2: Test for presence of starch using Irish potatoGroup 3. Test for the presence of sugar using ripe bananaGroup 4. Test for the presence of protein using egg albumin
Presentation of the results
Questions to AnswerComplete and Incomplete proteins.
Identify the following whether it is complete/incomplete
protein.
Complete or incomplete protein?
Complete or incomplete protein?
Complete or incomplete protein?
Complete or incomplete protein?
Complete or Incomplete Protein?
What is complete and incomplete proteins?
Any animal source of protein that is shown is complete; any plant source is incomplete.
What is protein?• an organic compound made up of
small molecules called amino acids
the largest known proteins are titins, found in muscle, which are composed from over 27,000 amino acids.
Our hair is approximately 91 percent protein, and is made up of long chains of amino acids that are found within the fibers of the cortex of the hair.
Amino Acid
Amino Acids
Protein Structure
Four Levels of Protein Structure
Functions of Proteins1. Helps cells keep their shape
(structural proteins)2. As connective and motor proteins,
make up muscle tissue3. Transport items in and out of cells
(transport proteins)4. Some act as signals & others
receive those signals
Functions of Proteins5. Speed up chemical reactions
(enzymes)6. Some bind to foreign substances
(bacteria, virus) and target them for destruction (antibodies)
7. Some carry other messages or transport materials (hemoglobin that binds with oxygen)
Hemoglobin
• Purple part contain iron that binds with oxygen molecules.
Enzymes
• "biological catalysts” – produced or derived from some living organisms, which has the ability to increase the rate of chemical reaction and will not changed or destroyed by the reaction
Action of Enzyme• . An enzyme reduces the activation energy of a
reaction.
Enzyme: Lock and Key Model
Enzyme: Lock and Key Model
Factors that influence enzymes’ activities
• Temperature
• Ph
• Substrate Concentration
Learning Check
• Inhibitors
Competitive/non-competitive?
• Binds to enzyme surface, but not to the active site.
• Structure is similar to substrate
Fin
Thank You….
Learning Check
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