session 1.2 bioenergy and food security project at fao by raswant
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Bioenergy and Food Security
• The Bioenergy and Food Security project in FAO
• Objective:To explore the extent to which bioenergy developments provide a feasible vehicle for agricultural and rural development and thus contribute to poverty reduction and food security (safeguarding and enhancing)
• Four main avenues to support policy:1. Analysis and knowledge development2. Capacity building3. Institutional building4. South-south co-operation
BEFS countries, the policy spectrum and support
ThailandTanzania PeruCurrently no policy in place, agriculture sector plays a key role
Informing policy Building capacity
BEFS Evidence
Biofuel policy in place, mandate for bioethanol and biodiesel (implementation)
Biofuel policy in place with stepping up production targets
BEFS Analytical
Framework
The BEFS Analytical Framework
Four core dimensions of the BEFS Analytical Framework (BEFS AF)
1. Diagnostic analysis- Agricultural outlook
2. Natural resource analysis- Land assessment- Water resource management- Woody biomass and residues
3. Techno-economic and environmental analysis- Biofuel production costs- Greenhouse gas emissions
4. Socio-economic analysis- Economy-wide impacts
- Household food security
BEFS’ core message
... how to manage the industry to deliver maximum benefits with fewest risks for the most vulnerable groups of the population
Ex ante - being aware of all the issues, minimising risks
Ex post - having mechanisms to monitor and deal with problems
...Per se biofuels is neither good nor badWhat matters is the management of the sector...
BEFS in Practice: Cassava in Tanzania
Land suitability assessment for cassava excluding environmental and land use constraints
BEFS in Practice: Cassava in Tanzania
Cassava production scenarios
Cassava
Who provides Feedstock? How is industrial operation?What is production scale?
53 mill liter
101 mil liter
53 mil liter
Scenario
7
8
9
Ethanol only
Outgrower
Fresh roots
Dried Chips
CombinedOutgrower:Estate
Dried chips
Cassava
Who provides Feedstock?Who provides Feedstock? How is industrial operation?How is industrial operation?What is production scale?What is production scale?
53 mill liter
101 mil liter
53 mil liter
Scenario
7
8
9
Ethanol onlyEthanol only
Outgrower
Fresh roots
Dried Chips
CombinedOutgrower:Estate
Dried chips
A
B
C
Ethanol competitiveness in Tanzania
Scheme Cost (USD/l) Literature
Fresh cassava from outgrowers 0.42Thailand and Vietnam – 0.34 to 0.40
Dried cassava from outgrowers 0.47 Brazil - 0.45 - 0.47, China and India 0.60 - 0.65Dried cassava from estate (60%)
and outgrowers (40%)0.37
Tanzanian Ethanol delivered at Rotterdam
Brazil without import tariff
Brazilian with import tariff
Molasses
Sugar cane
Cassava
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
US$ per Barrel
Ethanol Cassava: dried scenario 9. Ethanol Sugar cane: Scenario 2. Ethanol Molasses: Scenario 6b, inlcuding co-product credit
Impact on growth and povertyAligning with country policy goals
ScenariosFeedstock production
Feedstock yield level
Land expansion (% land displaced)
Cassava 1 (low tech)
Small scaleLow
(10 mt/ha)Yes
(50%)
Cassava 2(high tech)
Small scaleHigh
(20 mt/ha)No
Conclusions on cassava
• One potential biofuel production option to include smallholders (others also to be part of the production mix)
• Heavily reliant on EU market and current tariffs, at least in the short to medium term, due to limited domestic demand
• Agronomy needs further investigation• Agroindustry set up to be integrated into
domestic development plans
THANK YOU!
• Contacts:[email protected]@fao.org
• Website:http://www.fao.org/bioenergy/foodsecurity/befs
Tanzania report: http://www.fao.org/docrep/012/i1544e/i1544e00.htm