september 2013 routes onto esa paul sissons [email protected]
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September 2013 Routes onto ESA Paul Sissons [email protected]. Outline. Discussion of ESA claimant characteristics, barriers to work and claim trajectories - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
• Discussion of ESA claimant characteristics, barriers to work and claim trajectories
• Data from DWP funded evaluation of the introduction of ESA. Undertaken by the Institute of Employment Studies. Survey fieldwork by IPSOS-MORI
• My views only
Outline
Sissons P, Barnes H, Stevens H (2011) Routes onto Employment and Support Allowance DWP Research Report 774
Barnes H, Stevens H, Oakley J, Sissons P (2011) Ended claims for Employment and Support Allowance – qualitative research DWP Research Report 762
Barnes H, Sissons P, Stevens H (2011) Employment Support Allowance: Findings from a follow-up survey with claimants DWP Research Report 745
Barnes H, Sissons P, Stevens H (2010) Employment Support Allowance: findings of a survey of claimants DWP Research Report 707
Barnes H, Sissons P, Aston J, Dewson S (2010) Early Implementation Study of the introduction of Employment Support Allowance DWP Research Report 631
References
• Large increase in claiming for sickness benefits in UK from 1980s onwards. Similar patterns in other European countries (Houston and Lindsay, 2013).
• Reforms to sickness benefits from 2003 on – introduction of Pathways to Work (2003); Reforms to PCA (2007); Introduction of ESA for new claims (2008); Extension to existing IB claimants (2011).
• Incapacity Benefit claim numbers tend to be highest in weakest labour markets (Beatty and Fothergill, 1997; Beatty et al, 2009). These areas also saw the biggest growth in unemployment in the recession (Sissons, 2009).
Background
• 3,650 ESA claimants interviewed 8-10 months after initial claim; 1,842 followed-up 6-8 months later
• Survey covered:• Pre-claim employment experiences• Health • Claim experiences• Medical assessment• WFIs• Appeals• Destinations
• New claimants only
Notes on the study
WCA results – change over time
(Results of completed initial WCA assessments for new claims [excludes IB reassessment]. Source: DWP, 2012)
Routes onto ESA
(Source: ESA claimant survey)
Main health conditions
(Source: ESA claimant survey – conditions here self-reported)
• 1 in 5 conditions were directly work-related (1 in 3 for musculo-skeletal conditions)
• Half had a fluctuating condition • 2/3 had multiple health problems• Around 1 in 3 had both a physical and a mental health condition• 8 in 10 were receiving treatment and almost 4 in 10 awaiting further
treatment
Health conditions: 2
Other characteristics
(Source: ESA claimant survey; Labour Force Survey Q3 2010)
Other characteristics: 2
(Source: ESA claimant survey)
Barriers to work: health plus…
(Source: ESA claimant survey. Shows most widely cited barriers, claimants could report more than one barrier)
WRAG – a complex picture
Employment trajectory – work origins
Employment trajectory of claimants with work origins
Notes: 1 Claim status at baseline excludes cases that were still in progress (9 per cent of all claimants who were in work before claiming ESA) 2 Based on linked administrative data.
Claim status at baseline survey 1 Employment situation at follow-up survey
Flow of claimants
Employment situation immediately before claim
48%
74%
In work, 51% Comprised of:
Employees Self-employed
At work: 43% At work: 14%
Off sick: 33% Off sick: 10%
Allowed ESA, 22% Comprised of:
Support Group
Work-related Activity Group
7% 15%
In work, 44% Comprised of:
Employees Self-employed
At work: 27% At work: 8%
Off sick: 4% Off sick: 6%
Out of work, 56% Of whom:
7% in receipt JSA 2
22% permanently sick
26%
52%
Fit for Work/Off-flow, 69% Comprised of:
Fit for Work
Closed or withdrawn
claims 38% 31%
Employment trajectory – non-work origins
Employment trajectory of claimants with non-work origins
Notes: 1 Claim status at baseline excludes cases that were still in progress (13 per cent of all claimants who were in work before claiming ESA) 2 Percentage receiving J SA is based on cases with linked administrative data only.
Employment situation immediately before claim
Claim status at baseline survey1 Employment situation at follow-up survey
21%
9%
Out of work, 49% Of whom:
50% in receipt JSA
Allowed ESA, 21% Comprised of:
Support Group
Work-related Activity Group
6% 15%
In work, 17% Comprised of:
Employees Self-employed
At work: 13% At work: 2%
Off sick: 0% Off sick: 2%
Out of work, 83% Of whom:
20% in receipt JSA2
27% permanently sick 79%
Fit for Work/Off-flow, 66% Comprised of:
Fit for Work
Closed or withdrawn
claims 41% 25%
91%
Flow of claimants
Factors influencing a return to work among ESA claimants - men
• Recovery from health problem• Being in employment immediately prior to their claim• Health ‘getting better’ • Having some work or academic qualifications• Having a musculoskeletal condition• Having a consistent longer-term work history
• Recovery from health problem• Health was not ‘getting worse’ • Being in employment immediately prior to their claim• Being aged 35-54
Factors influencing a return to work among ESA claimants - women
• The ESA population has a comparatively disadvantaged profile, but is heterogeneous
• Those who enter the benefit from work tend to leave most quickly
• Improved health and recent work experience appear to drive employment outcomes
• Diverse and complex circumstances require differentiated employment support – health and wider employability barriers (applies to FFW group as well)
• IB reassessment will have older profile, worse health, and be more concentrated in weakest labour markets
Conclusions