Calculations• If Kd = [organic phase]/[water phase] = 8.0• Calculate the fraction of a sample left in

the water phase after 3 individual separations. The sample that is left in the water phase.

• Awater Aorganic phase

1-x x [x] /[1-x] = 8.0 9x = 8.0 x = .89 0.11 left

11.0 % left

Awater Aorganic phase

0.11 – x x Kd = x/0.11-x = 8.0

9x = 0.88 X = 0.098 0.012 left

Awater Aorganic phase

0.012 – x x Kd = x/0.012-x = 8.0

9x = 0.096 X = 0.0107

0.0013 left

0.13 % l3ft

1.2 % left

Unusual Separation Techniques

Soxhlet Extractor

Gregar Extractor

Paper Chromatography

Thin Layer Chromatography

Electrophoresis

Column Chromatography

Gas Chromatography

n = 16( tR/W)2

Number of Theoretical Plates

Van Deemter Equation

HETP = A + B + c