sentio's story : experience and reflection

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IMAGE: Kevin Dooley ‘Puzzle: The daily jigsaw puzzle, providing casual challenge and conversaAon’, CC BY 0.2. Sen$o, who was a very prac$cal fairy who applied herself to every task, brought a puzzle. ‘Whosoever puzzles this puzzle will grow wiser and wiser as each day passes. I give you the gi? of reflec$on’. Imagine a world where our students are the best possible learners. Imagine they immerse themselves in the lecture experience, taking in the knowledge presented to them and thinking about how it applies to the wider topic/subject. Imagine they embrace seminars with enthusiasm, raising ques>ons and exploring answers. Imagine they complete their assessments ably demonstra>ng that they have truly acheived a cri>cal understanding of the topic. Imagine what it is like to teach, and learn alongside, those students. 1

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Page 1: Sentio's story : experience and reflection

IMAGE:    Kevin  Dooley  ‘Puzzle:  The  daily  jigsaw  puzzle,  providing  casual  challenge  and  conversaAon’,  CC  BY  0.2.      Sen$o,  who  was  a  very  prac$cal  fairy  who  applied  herself  to  every  task,  brought  a  puzzle.  ‘Whosoever  puzzles  this  puzzle  will  grow  wiser  and  

wiser  as  each  day  passes.  I  give  you  the  gi?  of  reflec$on’.    

 Imagine  a  world  where  our  students  are  the  best  possible  learners.  Imagine  they  immerse  themselves  in  the  lecture  experience,  taking  in  the  knowledge  presented  to  them  and  thinking  about  how  it  applies  to  the  wider  topic/subject.  Imagine  they  embrace  seminars  with  enthusiasm,  raising  ques>ons  and  exploring  answers.  Imagine  they  complete  their  assessments  ably  demonstra>ng  that  they  have  truly  acheived  a  cri>cal  understanding  of  the  topic.  Imagine  what  it  is  like  to  teach,  and  learn  alongside,  those  students.    

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Page 2: Sentio's story : experience and reflection

Our  star>ng  point  is  the  asser>on  that  students  can  learn  a  great  deal  from  DOING.    Gibbs,  in  a  recent  piece  for  SEDA,  argues  that  there  is  not  enough  learning  by  doing  in  the  Higher  Educa>on  System  hIp://www.seda.ac.uk/resources/files/publica>ons_181_31%20Much%20learning%20is%20acquired%20by%20doing,%20but%20seldon%20only%20be%20doing.pdf  .    So  what  is  so  special  about  it?    On  this  slide,  you  sill  see  Bloom’s  Taxonomy  (learning  pyramid)  ;  this  is  probably  familiar  to  most  people  but  it  is  an  essen>al  star>ng  point.  BLOOM  B  S  (ed.)  (1956)  Taxonomy  of  EducaAonal  ObjecAves,  the  classificaAon  of  educaAonal  goals  –  Handbook  I:  CogniAve  Domain  New  York:  McKay      Basically,  the  pyramid  sets  out  6  different  levels  of  learning  which  are  used  by  educators  for  the  development  of  learning  outcomes  and  curriculum  design.  The  idea  is  that  learners  begin  at  the  base  of  the  pyramid  and  move  upwards.  A  summary  of  the  different  stages  is  provided  below:    KNOWLEDGE:    The  first  stage  is  to  acquire  factual  knowledge  about  a    

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Page 3: Sentio's story : experience and reflection

The  problem  is  that  experience  along  is  rarely  sufficient  for  learning.  Many  of  us  include  ac>vi>es  in  our  teaching  which  require  students  to  do  something  beyond  simply  reading  and  listening.  But  how  many  of  us  as  sure  of  the  impact  it  has  had?  What  did  the  students  learn?  How  will  it  contribute  to  their  cri>cal  awareness?  How  will  they  relate  it  to  the  rest  of  their  studies?  Will  they  recall  it  as  a  learning  experience  in  job  interviews?  Will  they  even  remember  experiencing  it  when  they  walk  out  the  door?    Boud  et  al  (1985)  raise  some  essen>al  ques>ons  about  what  enables  learners  to  gain  maximum  benefit  from  the  situa>ons  they  find  themselves  in.  The  key  to  learning  from  experience,  they  suggest,  is  structured  reflec>on.    There  is  an  extensive  literature  on  models  of  reflec>on,  but  on  this  slide  you  can  see  a  very  simple  form  of  the  model.  Basically,  you  have  an  experience,  you  describe  what  happened,  you  ask  why/how  it  happened  that  way  and  then  propose  how  you  will  approach  it  differently  next  >me.        

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Presented  in  a  slightly  more  complex  way,  here  is  Gibbs’  much  celebrated  Reflec>ve  Cycle  (Gibbs,  G.  (1988)  Learning  by  Doing:  a  guide  to  teaching  and  learning  methods  ).    So,  we  take  from  this  the  point  that  in  order  for  learners  to  turn  their  experiences  into  learning,  they  need  to  go  through  this  process.    The  reality  is,  a  lot  of  the  >me,  that  they  don’t.  So  the  ques>on  is,  how  can  we  help  them?    Talking  to  my  own  students,  it  became  clear  to  me  that  for  them  there  are  two  problems  or  obstacles:  1.       I  do  not  tell  students  to  do  this,  they  do  not  do  it  ins>nc>vely.  Therefore,  it  

never  gets  done.  2.  If  students  do  start  the  process  (prompted  or  otherwise),  they  ogen  get  stuck  at  

the  early  stages  of  the  process:  recording  what  happened  and  how  they  felt.  

So,  I  have  looked  for  ways  of  ‘uns>cking’  them;  to  give  them  the  opportunity  and  encouragement  to  do  this  stage  of  reflec>on  in  class.    Today,  I  will  introduce  you  to  the  tool  of  ‘freewri>ng’.  

   

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Image:  ‘Parkour  Founda>ons’  by  Thor,  CC  BY  2.0      Freewri>ng  is  a  technique  popular  amongst  writers  for  increasing  produc>vity,  confidence  and  crea>vity.  It  is  useful  for  tackling  writer’s  block.    In  the  simplest  terms,  you  set  a  >me  limit  and  then  just  write.  You  have  to  keep  your  hand  moving  or  your  fingers  typing  at  all  >mes;  you  must  keep  wri>ng  even  if  your  mind  wanders  or  goes  blank.  If  you  are  bored  or  distracted,  ask  yourself  what  is  bothering  you  and  write  about  that.  You  should  not  worry  about  spelling  or  grammar  and  you  should  not  pause  to  read  over  your  work  and  correct  mistakes.  You  have  to  carry  on  wri>ng,  no  maIer  how  much  you  think  it  might  be  nonsense.    When  the  >me  is  up,  read  through  what  you  have  wriIen  and  highlight  any  useful  sec>ons  that  you  want  to  come  back  to.    This  is  an  approach  which  can  be  used  in  a  number  of  different  ways  with  students.    You  could  use  it  at  the  start  of  the  class  to  get  students  to    

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Image:  By  kind  permission  from  Sabine  LiIle.    ACTIVITY:    In  the  session  you  will  work  together  on  a  short  task.    You  will  then  be  given  instruc>ons  for  reflec>ng  on  that  task.  

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IMAGE:  Kenneth  Rougeau  ‘Alice  through  the  looking  glass’  CC  BY  2.0      We  will  complete  the  session  with  a  period  of  meta-­‐reflec>on;  reflec>ng  on  the  process  of  reflec>on  as  experienced  today.  

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