section 30. comparative international statistics · comparative international statistics this...

Section 30

Comparative International Statistics

This section presents statistics for theworld as a whole and for many countrieson a comparative basis with the UnitedStates. Data are shown for population,births and deaths, social and industrialindicators, finances, agriculture, commu-nication, and military affairs.

Statistics of the individual nations may befound primarily in official national publi-cations, generally in the form of year-books, issued by most of the nations atvarious intervals in their own national lan-guages and expressed in their own orcustomary units of measure. (For a listingof selected publications, see Guide toSources.) For handier reference, especiallyfor international comparisons, the UnitedNations Statistics Division compiles dataas submitted by member countries andissues a number of international summarypublications, generally in English andFrench. Among these are the StatisticalYearbook; the Demographic Yearbook;International Trade Statistics Yearbook;National Accounts Statistics: Main Aggre-gates and Detailed Tables; Population andVital Statistics Reports (quarterly); theMonthly Bulletin of Statistics; and theEnergy Statistics Yearbook. Specializedagencies of the United Nations also issueinternational summary publications onagricultural, labor, health, and educationstatistics. Among these are the ProductionYearbook and Trade Yearbook issued bythe Food and Agriculture Organization,the Yearbook of Labour Statistics issuedby the International Labour Office, WorldHealth Statistics issued by the WorldHealth Organization, and the StatisticalYearbook issued by the Educational, Sci-entific, and Cultural Organization.

The U.S. Census Bureau presents esti-mates and projections of basic demo-graphic measures for countries andregions of the world in the World Popula-tion Reports (WP) series. The InternationalPopulation Reports (Series IPC), and Inter-national Briefs (Series IB) also presentpopulation figures for many foreign

countries. Detailed population statisticsare also available from the CensusBureau’s International Data Base(http://www.census.gov/ipc/www/idbnew.html>.

The International Monetary Fund (IMF)and the Organization for Economic Coop-eration and Development (OECD) alsocompile data on international statistics.The IMF publishes a series of reportsrelating to financial data. These includeInternational Financial Statistics, Direc-tion of Trade, and Balance of PaymentsYearbook, published in English, French,and Spanish. The OECD publishes a vastnumber of statistical publications in vari-ous fields such as economics, health, andeducation. Among these are OECD in Fig-ures, Main Economic Indicators, EconomicOutlook, National Accounts, Labour ForceStatistics, OECD Health Data, and Educa-tion at a Glance.

Statistical coverage, country names,and classifications—Problems of spaceand availability of data limit the numberof countries and the extent of statisticalcoverage shown. The list of countriesincluded and the spelling of countrynames are based almost entirely on thelist of sovereign nations, dependencies,and areas of special sovereignty providedby the U.S. Department of State.

In recent years, several importantchanges took place in the status of theworld’s nations. In 1990, a unified Ger-many was formed from the FederalRepublic of Germany (West) and the Ger-man Democratic Republic (East). TheRepublic of Yemen was formed by unionof the Yemen Arab Republic and the Peo-ple’s Democratic Republic of Yemen. Alsoin 1990, Namibia, once a United Nationsmandate, realized its independence fromSouth Africa.

In 1991, the Soviet Union broke up into15 independent countries: Armenia, Azer-baijan, Belarus, Estonia, Georgia, Kazakh-stan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania,

Comparative International Statistics 819

U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2001

Moldova, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmeni-stan, Ukraine, and Uzbekistan.

Following the breakup of the SocialistFederal Republic of Yugoslavia in 1992,the United States recognized Bosnia andHerzegovina, Croatia, Slovenia, and TheFormer Yugoslav Republic of Macedoniaas independent countries.

On January 1, 1993, Czechoslovakia wassucceeded by two independent countries:the Czech Republic and Slovakia. Eritreaannounced its independence from Ethio-pia in April 1993 and was subsequentlyrecognized as an independent nation bythe United States.

The population estimates and projectionsused in Tables 1324, 1325, 1327, 1328and 1330 were prepared by the CensusBureau. For each country, the data onpopulation, by age and sex, fertility, mor-tality, and international migration wereevaluated and, where necessary, adjustedfor inconsistencies and errors in the data.In most instances, comprehensive projec-tions were made by the componentmethod, resulting in distributions of thepopulation by age and sex and requiringan assessment of probable future trendsof fertility, mortality, and internationalmigration.

Economic associations—The Organiza-tion for European Economic Co-Operation(OEEC), a regional grouping of WesternEuropean countries established in 1948for the purpose of harmonizing nationaleconomic policies and conditions, wassucceeded on September 30, 1961, by theOrganization for Economic Cooperationand Development (OECD). The membernations of the OECD are Australia, Austria,Belgium, Canada, Czech Republic, Den-mark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece,Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Japan,Luxembourg, Mexico, the Netherlands,New Zealand, Norway, Poland, Portugal,Slovakia, South Korea, Spain, Sweden,Switzerland, Turkey, the United Kingdom,and the United States.

Quality and comparability of thedata—The quality and comparability ofthe data presented here are affected by anumber of factors:

(1) The year for which data are presentedmay not be the same for all subjects for aparticular country or for a given subjectfor different countries, though the datashown are the most recent available. Allsuch variations have been noted. Thedata shown are for calendar years exceptas otherwise specified.

(2) The bases, methods of estimating,methods of data collection, extent of cov-erage, precision of definition, scope ofterritory, and margins of error may varyfor different items within a particularcountry, and for like items for differentcountries. Footnotes and headnotes to thetables give a few of the major time-periods and coverage qualificationsattached to the figures; considerablymore detail is presented in the sourcepublications. Many of the measuresshown are, at best, merely rough indica-tors of magnitude.

(3) Figures shown in this section for theUnited States may not always agree withfigures shown in the preceding sections.Disagreements may be attributable to theuse of differing original sources, a differ-ence in the definition of geographic limits(the 50 states, conterminous UnitedStates only, or the United States includingcertain outlying areas and possessions),or to possible adjustments made in theUnited States figures by other sources inorder to make them more comparablewith figures from other countries.

International comparisons ofnational accounts data—In order tocompare national accounts data for differ-ent countries, it is necessary to converteach country’s data into a common unit ofcurrency, usually the U.S. dollar. The mar-ket exchange rates which are often usedin converting national currencies do notnecessarily reflect the relative purchasingpower in the various countries. It is nec-essary that the goods and services pro-duced in different countries be valuedconsistently if the differences observedare meant to reflect real differences in thevolumes of goods and services produced.The use of purchasing power parities (seeTable 1340) instead of exchange rates isintended to achieve this objective.

820 Comparative International Statistics


The method used to present the datashown in Table 1340 is to construct vol-ume measures directly by revaluing thegoods and services sold in different coun-tries at a common set of internationalprices. By dividing the ratio of the grossdomestic products of two countriesexpressed in their own national curren-cies by the corresponding ratio calculatedat constant international prices, it is pos-sible to derive the implied purchasingpower parity (PPP) between the two cur-rencies concerned. PPPs show how manyunits of currency are needed in one coun-try to buy the same amount of goods andservices which one unit of currency willbuy in the other country. For further infor-mation, see National Accounts, MainAggregates, Volume I, issued annually bythe Organization for Economic Coopera-tion and Development, Paris, France.

International Standard IndustrialClassification—The original version ofthe International Standard Industrial Clas-sification of All Economic Activities (ISIC)was adopted in 1948. Wide use has beenmade both nationally and internationallyin classifying data according to kind ofeconomic activity in the fields of produc-tion, employment, national income, andother economic statistics. A number ofcountries have utilized the ISIC as thebasis for devising their industrial classifi-cation scheme.

Substantial comparability has beenattained between the industrial classifica-tions of many other countries, includingthe United States and the ISIC by ensur-ing, as far as practicable, that the catego-ries at detailed levels of classification innational schemes fitted into only one cat-egory of the ISIC. The United Nations, theInternational Labour Organization, theFood and Agriculture Organization, andother international bodies have utilizedthe ISIC in publishing and analyzing sta-tistical data. Revisions of the ISIC wereissued in 1958, 1968, and 1989.

International maps—A series ofregional world maps is provided on pages822-828. References are included in Table1327 for easy location of individual coun-tries on the maps. The Robinson map pro-jection is used for this series of maps. Amap projection is used to portray all orpart of the round Earth on a flat surface,but this cannot be done without somedistortion. For the Robinson projection,distortion is very low along the Equatorand within 45 degrees of the center but isgreatest near the poles. For additionalinformation on map projections andmaps, please contact the Earth ScienceInformation Center, U.S. Geological Sur-vey, 507 National Center, Reston, VA22092.



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No. 1324. Total World Population: 1980 to 2050

[4,457 represents 4,457,000,000. As of midyear]

YearPopulation

(mil.)

Average annual 1

Growth rate(percent)

Populationchange

(mil.)

1980 . . . . . . . . . . 4,457 1.70 76.31985 . . . . . . . . . . 4,855 1.70 83.01990 . . . . . . . . . . 5,284 1.56 83.21995 . . . . . . . . . . 5,691 1.36 77.72000 . . . . . . . . . . 6,080 1.26 77.32001 . . . . . . . . . . 6,157 1.24 76.82005 . . . . . . . . . . 6,461 1.14 73.82010 . . . . . . . . . . 6,824 1.03 70.8

YearPopulation

(mil.)

Average annual 1

Growth rate(percent)

Populationchange

(mil.)

2015 . . . . . . . . . . 7,176 0.97 69.62020 . . . . . . . . . . 7,518 0.88 66.42025 . . . . . . . . . . 7,841 0.78 61.72030 . . . . . . . . . . 8,140 0.70 57.22035 . . . . . . . . . . 8,417 0.62 52.32040 . . . . . . . . . . 8,668 0.55 47.52045 . . . . . . . . . . 8,897 0.48 43.22050 . . . . . . . . . . 9,104 (NA) (NA)

NA Not available. 1 Represents change from year shown to immediate succeeding year.

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, ‘‘Total Midyear Population for the World: 1950-2050,’’ published 10 May 2000; <http://www.census.gov/ipc/www/worldpop.html>.

No. 1325. Population by Continent: 1980 to 2050

[In millions, except percent (4,457 represents 4,457,000,000)]

Year World AfricaNorth

AmericaSouth

America Asia Europe Oceania

1980 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,457 472 373 242 2,654 694 231990 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,284 629 424 296 3,186 721 272000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,080 805 481 347 3,688 729 312010 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,824 985 534 387 4,155 728 352020 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,518 1,173 587 421 4,578 722 382030 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,140 1,378 636 449 4,931 705 412040 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,668 1,603 682 468 5,194 678 442050 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,104 1,846 722 480 5,369 642 45

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

1980 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 10.6 8.4 5.4 59.5 15.6 0.52000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 13.2 7.9 5.7 60.7 12.0 0.52050 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 20.3 7.9 5.3 59.0 7.1 0.5

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, ‘‘International Data Base’’ (as of 10 May 2000); <http://www.census.gov/ipc/www/idbnew.html>.

No. 1326. World Summary: 1980 to 1999

[4.8 represents 4,800,000. See text of this section for general comments concerning quality of the data]

Item Unit 1980 1985 1990 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999

Textile fiber production, total 1 . . Billion pounds. . 67.4 77.0 87.2 90.9 96.0 96.9 103.6 102.3 105.7Rayon and acetate . . . . . . . Billion pounds. . 7.1 6.5 6.1 5.1 5.3 5.0 5.1 4.8 4.7Noncellulosic fibers . . . . . . . Billion pounds. . 23.1 27.5 32.8 39.5 40.5 43.6 49.4 51.6 53.9Cotton . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Billion pounds. . 31.4 38.5 41.8 41.2 44.9 43.2 44.2 41.1 42.3Wool, clean . . . . . . . . . . . . Billion pounds. . 3.7 3.8 4.4 3.4 3.3 3.3 3.2 3.1 3.0Silk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Billion pounds. . 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2Flax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Billion pounds. . 1.4 1.6 1.6 1.3 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4Hemp 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Billion pounds. . 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2

NA Not available. 1 Source: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, Cotton and Wool Situation and OutlookYearbook. Data from International Wool Textile Organization. 2 Beginning 1996 not comparable with earlier years.

Source: Except as noted, Statistical Division of the United Nations, New York, NY, Monthly Bulletin of Statistics, (copyright).



Figure 30.1Population by Continent: 2000 and 2050

Africa13.2

Europe12.0

Asia60.7

Oceania0.5

South America5.7

2000

Asia59.0

2050

North America7.9

Africa20.3

Europe7.1

Oceania0.5

South America5.3

North America7.9

Source: Chart prepared by U.S. Census Bureau. For data, see Table 1325.



No. 1327. Population by Country: 1990 to 2010[5,283,755 represents 5,283,755,000. Population data generally are de facto figures for the present territory. Population estimateswere derived from information available as of spring 2000. See text of this section for general comments concerning the data. Fordetails of methodology, coverage, and reliability, see source. Minus sign (-) indicates decrease]

Country or area Maprefer-ence

Midyear population(1,000)

Popu-lationrank,2001

Annualrate of

growth, 1

2000-2010

(percent)

Popula-tion per

sq. mile,2001

Area(sq. mile)1990 2000 2001

2010,proj.

World . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S0 5,283,755 6,080,142 6,157,401 6,823,635 (X) 1.2 122 50,580,319Afghanistan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S5 14,750 25,889 26,813 33,864 39 2.7 107 250,000Albania . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S3 3,258 3,490 3,510 3,827 128 0.9 332 10,579Algeria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S4 25,341 31,194 31,736 36,589 34 1.6 35 919,591Andorra . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S3 53 67 68 74 204 1.0 388 174Angola . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S4 8,056 10,145 10,366 12,646 71 2.2 22 481,351Antigua and Barbuda . . . . . . . . S1 63 66 67 71 206 0.6 394 170Argentina. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S2 32,634 36,955 37,385 41,082 31 1.1 35 1,056,637Armenia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S5 3,366 3,344 3,336 3,365 130 0.1 290 11,506Australia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S6 17,022 19,165 19,358 20,925 53 0.9 7 2,941,285Austria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S3 7,718 8,131 8,151 8,278 86 0.2 255 31,942Azerbaijan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S5 7,200 7,748 7,771 8,221 87 0.6 232 33,436Bahamas, The . . . . . . . . . . . . S1 257 295 298 315 176 0.7 77 3,888Bahrain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S4 500 634 645 737 162 1.5 2,700 239Bangladesh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S5 109,897 129,194 131,270 150,392 8 1.5 2,539 51,703Barbados. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S1 263 274 275 287 178 0.4 1,658 166Belarus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S3 10,215 10,367 10,350 10,294 73 -0.1 129 80,154Belgium. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S3 9,969 10,242 10,259 10,340 76 0.1 879 11,672Belize . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S1 191 249 256 320 179 2.5 29 8,803Benin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S4 4,656 6,396 6,591 8,411 95 2.7 154 42,710Bhutan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S5 1,598 2,005 2,049 2,476 142 2.1 113 18,147Bolivia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S2 6,574 8,153 8,300 9,499 85 1.5 20 418,683Bosnia and Herzegovina. . . . . . S3 4,424 3,836 3,922 4,103 121 0.7 199 19,741Botswana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S4 1,304 1,576 1,586 1,502 147 -0.5 7 226,012Brazil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S2 151,053 172,860 174,469 186,823 5 0.8 53 3,265,061Brunei . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S6 258 336 344 408 174 1.9 169 2,035Bulgaria. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S3 8,894 7,797 7,707 7,006 88 -1.1 181 42,683Burkina Faso . . . . . . . . . . . . . S4 9,037 11,946 12,272 15,424 65 2.6 116 105,714Burma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S5 38,519 41,735 41,995 43,674 27 0.5 165 253,954Burundi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S4 5,285 6,055 6,224 7,669 99 2.4 628 9,903Cambodia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S5 8,965 12,212 12,492 15,233 64 2.2 183 68,154Cameroon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S4 11,761 15,422 15,803 19,202 60 2.2 87 181,251Canada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S1 27,791 31,278 31,593 34,253 35 0.9 9 3,560,219Cape Verde . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S1 349 401 405 431 172 0.7 260 1,556Central African Republic . . . . . . S4 2,803 3,513 3,577 4,135 127 1.6 15 240,533Chad . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S4 6,018 8,425 8,707 11,616 83 3.2 18 486,178Chile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S2 13,128 15,154 15,328 16,727 61 1.0 53 289,112China 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S5 1,138,895 1,261,832 1,273,111 1,359,141 1 0.7 354 3,600,930Colombia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S2 32,859 39,686 40,349 46,109 28 1.5 101 401,042Comoros . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S4 429 578 596 773 163 2.9 712 838Congo (Brazzaville) 3 . . . . . . . . S4 2,218 2,831 2,894 3,491 132 2.1 22 131,853Congo (Kinshasa) 3 . . . . . . . . . S4 37,991 51,965 53,625 69,846 23 3.0 61 875,521Costa Rica. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S2 3,027 3,711 3,773 4,306 124 1.5 193 19,560Cote d’Ivoire. . . . . . . . . . . . . . S4 11,919 15,981 16,393 20,003 57 2.2 134 122,780Croatia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S3 4,508 4,282 4,334 4,505 117 0.5 199 21,829Cuba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S1 10,545 11,142 11,184 11,526 67 0.3 261 42,803Cyprus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S5 681 758 763 801 158 0.5 214 3,568Czech Republic. . . . . . . . . . . . S3 10,310 10,272 10,264 10,157 75 -0.1 338 30,365Denmark . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S3 5,141 5,336 5,353 5,474 105 0.3 327 16,359Djibouti . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S4 370 451 461 579 166 2.5 54 8,486Dominica . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S1 73 72 71 70 202 -0.2 244 290Dominican Republic . . . . . . . . . S1 7,098 8,443 8,581 9,884 84 1.6 459 18,680Ecuador . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S2 10,317 12,920 13,184 15,518 62 1.8 123 106,888Egypt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S4 56,106 68,360 69,537 79,811 15 1.5 181 384,344El Salvador . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S1 5,100 6,123 6,238 7,293 98 1.7 780 8,000Equatorial Guinea . . . . . . . . . . S4 368 474 486 604 164 2.4 45 10,830Eritrea. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S4 2,945 4,136 4,298 5,709 119 3.2 92 46,842Estonia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S3 1,573 1,431 1,423 1,372 148 -0.4 82 17,413Ethiopia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S4 48,335 64,117 65,892 82,312 18 2.5 152 432,310Fiji . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S6 738 832 844 958 156 1.4 120 7,054Finland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S3 4,986 5,167 5,176 5,228 107 0.1 44 117,942France . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S3 56,735 59,330 59,551 61,069 21 0.3 283 210,668Gabon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S4 1,069 1,208 1,221 1,309 151 0.8 12 99,486Gambia, The . . . . . . . . . . . . . S4 962 1,367 1,411 1,833 149 2.9 366 3,861Georgia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S5 5,457 5,020 4,989 4,815 111 -0.4 185 26,911Germany . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S3 79,380 82,797 83,030 84,616 12 0.2 614 135,236Ghana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S4 15,360 19,534 19,894 22,650 50 1.5 224 88,811Greece . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S3 10,158 10,602 10,624 10,758 69 0.1 210 50,502Grenada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S2 92 89 89 91 197 0.2 682 131Guatemala . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S1 9,630 12,640 12,974 16,194 63 2.5 310 41,865Guinea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S4 5,936 7,466 7,614 9,281 89 2.2 80 94,927Guinea-Bissau . . . . . . . . . . . . S4 996 1,286 1,316 1,614 150 2.3 122 10,811Guyana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S2 742 697 697 729 160 0.4 9 76,004Haiti . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S1 6,028 6,868 6,965 7,950 94 1.5 655 10,641Honduras. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S1 4,772 6,250 6,406 7,683 97 2.1 148 43,201Hungary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S3 10,372 10,139 10,106 9,831 77 -0.3 283 35,653Iceland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S1 255 276 278 289 177 0.4 7 38,707India . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S5 850,558 1,014,004 1,029,991 1,168,205 2 1.4 897 1,147,950Indonesia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S6 188,651 224,784 228,438 259,743 4 1.4 324 705,189Iran . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S5 55,717 65,620 66,129 73,772 17 1.2 105 631,660

See footnotes at end of table.



No. 1327. Population by Country: 1990 to 2010—Con.[See headnote, page 831]




Annualrate of

growth, 1

2000-2010

(percent)

Popula-tion per

sq. mile,2001

Area(sq. mile)1990 2000 2001

2010,proj.

Iraq . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S5 18,135 22,676 23,332 29,672 44 2.7 139 167,556Ireland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S3 3,508 3,797 3,841 4,161 123 0.9 144 26,598Israel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S4 4,512 5,842 5,938 6,645 100 1.3 757 7,849Italy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S3 56,758 57,634 57,680 57,409 22 - 508 113,521Jamaica. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S1 2,463 2,653 2,666 2,851 135 0.7 638 4,181Japan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S5 123,537 126,550 126,772 127,252 9 0.1 832 152,411Jordan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S4 3,262 4,999 5,153 6,486 108 2.6 146 35,344Kazakhstan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S5 16,708 16,733 16,731 17,276 55 0.3 16 1,049,150Kenya . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S4 23,767 30,340 30,766 33,068 36 0.9 140 219,788Kiribati. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S6 71 92 94 115 195 2.3 340 277Korea, North. . . . . . . . . . . . . . S5 20,019 21,688 21,968 23,753 49 0.9 473 46,490Korea, South . . . . . . . . . . . . . S5 42,869 47,471 47,904 51,097 25 0.7 1,264 37,911Kuwait. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S5 2,142 1,974 2,042 2,788 144 3.5 297 6,880Kyrgyzstan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S5 4,390 4,685 4,753 5,444 113 1.5 62 76,641Laos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S5 4,210 5,497 5,636 6,993 102 2.4 63 89,112Latvia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S3 2,672 2,405 2,385 2,252 139 -0.7 96 24,903Lebanon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S4 3,147 3,578 3,628 4,056 125 1.3 918 3,950Lesotho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S4 1,732 2,143 2,177 2,339 140 0.9 186 11,718Liberia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S4 2,190 3,164 3,226 4,073 131 2.5 87 37,189Libya . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S4 4,140 5,115 5,241 6,447 106 2.3 8 679,359Liechtenstein . . . . . . . . . . . . . S3 29 32 33 35 213 0.8 523 62Lithuania . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S5 3,702 3,621 3,611 3,560 126 -0.2 143 25,174Luxembourg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S3 382 437 443 493 168 1.2 444 998Macedonia, The FormerYugoslav Republic of . . . . . . . S3 1,893 2,041 2,046 2,115 143 0.4 206 9,928

Madagascar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S4 11,522 15,506 15,983 20,993 58 3.0 71 224,533Malawi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S4 9,219 10,386 10,548 11,621 70 1.1 290 36,324Malaysia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S6 17,504 21,793 22,229 26,144 48 1.8 175 126,853Maldives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S5 216 301 311 400 175 2.8 2,683 116Mali . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S4 8,228 10,686 11,009 14,349 68 2.9 23 471,042Malta . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S4 359 392 395 420 173 0.7 3,184 124Marshall Islands . . . . . . . . . . . S6 46 68 71 100 201 3.9 1,013 70Mauritania . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S4 1,984 2,668 2,747 3,561 134 2.9 7 397,838Mauritius . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S4 1,074 1,179 1,190 1,280 152 0.8 1,667 714Mexico . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S1 84,446 100,350 101,879 114,995 11 1.4 137 742,486Micronesia, Federated States of. S6 109 133 135 141 191 0.6 497 271Moldova . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S5 4,398 4,431 4,432 4,535 116 0.2 341 13,012Monaco . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S3 30 32 32 33 214 0.4 41,235 1Mongolia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S5 2,218 2,616 2,655 3,040 136 1.5 4 604,247Morocco . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S4 24,686 30,122 30,645 35,301 37 1.6 178 172,317Mozambique . . . . . . . . . . . . . S4 14,276 19,105 19,371 20,504 52 0.7 64 302,737Namibia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S4 1,409 1,771 1,798 1,908 146 0.7 6 317,873Nauru . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S6 9 12 12 14 223 1.9 1,491 8Nepal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S5 19,325 24,702 25,284 30,758 40 2.2 479 52,819Netherlands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S3 14,952 15,892 15,981 16,617 59 0.4 1,220 13,104New Zealand . . . . . . . . . . . . . S6 3,360 3,820 3,864 4,228 122 1.0 37 103,734Nicaragua . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S2 3,643 4,813 4,918 5,839 112 1.9 106 46,430Niger. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S4 7,627 10,076 10,355 13,140 72 2.7 21 489,073Nigeria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S4 92,483 123,338 126,636 155,588 10 2.3 360 351,649Norway . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S3 4,242 4,481 4,503 4,677 115 0.4 38 118,865Oman . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S5 1,773 2,533 2,622 3,523 137 3.3 32 82,031Pakistan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S5 113,975 141,554 144,617 171,373 7 1.9 481 300,664Palau . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S6 15 19 19 22 219 1.4 108 177Panama . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S2 2,388 2,808 2,846 3,150 133 1.1 97 29,340Papua New Guinea . . . . . . . . . S6 3,825 4,927 5,049 6,171 110 2.3 29 174,405Paraguay. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S2 4,236 5,586 5,734 7,162 101 2.5 37 153,398Peru . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S2 21,989 27,013 27,484 31,471 38 1.5 56 494,208Philippines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S6 65,037 81,160 82,842 97,898 13 1.9 720 115,124Poland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S3 38,119 38,646 38,634 38,691 30 - 329 117,571Portugal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S3 9,923 10,048 10,066 10,183 78 0.1 285 35,382Qatar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S5 481 744 769 970 157 2.6 181 4,247Romania . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S5 22,866 22,411 22,364 21,930 47 -0.2 251 88,934Russia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S5 148,082 146,001 145,470 142,328 6 -0.3 22 6,592,817Rwanda. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S4 6,962 7,229 7,313 7,876 91 0.9 759 9,633Saint Kitts and Nevis . . . . . . . . S1 41 39 39 40 211 0.4 279 139Saint Lucia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S1 140 156 158 177 189 1.3 671 236Saint Vincent and theGrenadines . . . . . . . . . . . . . S1 107 115 116 119 193 0.3 886 131

Samoa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S0 170 179 179 176 185 -0.2 163 1,100San Marino . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S3 23 27 27 31 216 1.3 1,180 23Sao Tome and Principe . . . . . . S4 119 160 165 219 187 3.1 445 371Saudi Arabia . . . . . . . . . . . . . S4 15,847 22,024 22,757 30,546 45 3.3 27 829,996Senegal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S4 7,360 9,987 10,285 13,221 74 2.8 139 74,131Seychelles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S4 73 79 80 83 198 0.4 453 176Sierra Leone . . . . . . . . . . . . . S4 4,227 5,233 5,427 6,930 103 2.8 196 27,653Singapore . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S6 3,016 4,152 4,300 5,776 118 3.3 17,849 241Slovakia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S3 5,263 5,408 5,415 5,475 104 0.1 287 18,842Slovenia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S3 1,896 1,928 1,930 1,947 145 0.1 247 7,819Solomon Islands . . . . . . . . . . . S6 335 466 480 610 165 2.7 45 10,633Somalia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S4 6,675 7,253 7,489 9,922 90 3.1 31 242,216South Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S4 38,176 43,421 43,586 41,108 26 -0.5 92 471,444Spain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S3 39,351 39,997 40,038 40,157 29 - 208 192,819Sri Lanka. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S5 17,193 19,239 19,409 20,832 51 0.8 776 24,996

See footnotes at end of table.



No. 1327. Population by Country: 1990 to 2010—Con.[See headnote, page 831]




Annualrate of

growth, 1

2000-2010

(percent)

Popula-tion per

sq. mile,2001

Area(sq. mile)1990 2000 2001

2010,proj.

Sudan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S4 26,627 35,080 36,080 45,485 33 2.6 39 917,375Suriname. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S2 395 431 434 450 169 0.4 7 62,344Swaziland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S4 852 1,083 1,104 1,216 155 1.2 166 6,641Sweden. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S3 8,559 8,873 8,875 8,882 82 - 56 158,927Switzerland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S3 6,838 7,262 7,283 7,385 92 0.2 474 15,355Syria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S4 12,436 16,306 16,729 20,606 56 2.3 235 71,062Tajikistan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S5 5,332 6,441 6,579 8,007 96 2.2 119 55,251Tanzania . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S4 26,224 35,306 36,232 44,957 32 2.4 106 342,100Thailand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S5 55,052 61,231 61,798 66,291 19 0.8 313 197,595Togo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S4 3,691 5,019 5,153 6,245 109 2.2 245 21,000Tonga . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S0 92 102 104 123 194 1.8 376 277Trinidad and Tobago . . . . . . . . S2 1,198 1,176 1,170 1,115 154 -0.5 590 1,981Tunisia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S4 8,207 9,593 9,705 10,661 81 1.1 162 59,985Turkey. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S5 56,085 65,667 66,494 73,322 16 1.1 223 297,591Turkmenistan . . . . . . . . . . . . . S5 3,668 4,518 4,603 5,431 114 1.8 24 188,456Tuvalu. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S6 9 11 11 13 224 1.5 1,095 10Uganda . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S4 17,186 23,318 23,986 31,395 42 3.0 311 77,108Ukraine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S5 51,658 49,153 48,760 46,193 24 -0.6 209 233,089United Arab Emirates . . . . . . . . S5 1,951 2,369 2,407 2,763 138 1.5 75 32,278United Kingdom . . . . . . . . . . . S3 57,621 59,508 59,648 60,602 20 0.2 639 93,278United States . . . . . . . . . . . . . S1 249,948 275,563 278,059 300,118 3 0.9 79 3,539,227Uruguay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S2 3,106 3,334 3,360 3,600 129 0.8 50 67,035Uzbekistan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S5 20,624 24,756 25,155 29,280 41 1.7 146 172,741Vanuatu. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S6 154 190 193 221 184 1.5 34 5,699Venezuela . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S2 19,325 23,543 23,917 27,134 43 1.4 70 340,560Vietnam. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S5 66,338 78,774 79,939 90,192 14 1.4 636 125,622Yemen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S5 12,023 17,479 18,078 24,637 54 3.4 89 203,849Zambia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S4 7,851 9,582 9,770 11,482 80 1.8 34 285,992Zimbabwe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S4 10,103 11,343 11,365 11,057 66 -0.3 76 149,293

OTHER

Montenegro . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S3 565 680 674 713 161 0.5 126 5,333Serbia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S3 9,201 9,982 10,003 9,954 79 - 293 34,116Taiwan 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S5 20,279 22,191 22,370 23,873 46 0.7 1,796 12,456

AREAS OF SPECIALSOVEREIGNTY AND

DEPENDENCIES

American Samoa. . . . . . . . . . . S0 47 65 67 81 205 2.1 873 77Anguilla . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S1 8 12 12 14 222 1.8 345 35Aruba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S1 67 70 70 73 203 0.5 939 75Bermuda . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S1 58 63 64 67 208 0.6 3,357 19Cayman Islands . . . . . . . . . . . S1 26 35 36 42 212 1.8 354 100Cook Islands . . . . . . . . . . . . . S0 18 20 21 22 218 0.9 222 93Faroe Islands . . . . . . . . . . . . . S3 47 45 46 48 210 0.6 84 541French Guiana . . . . . . . . . . . . S2 116 173 178 214 186 2.1 5 34,421French Polynesia . . . . . . . . . . S0 202 249 254 291 180 1.5 179 1,413Gaza Strip 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S4 643 1,132 1,178 1,651 153 3.8 8,009 147Gibraltar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S3 29 28 28 28 215 0.2 11,935 2Greenland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S1 56 56 56 56 209 - (Z) 131,931Guadeloupe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S1 378 426 431 468 170 0.9 634 680Guam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S6 134 155 158 184 190 1.7 754 209Guernsey. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S3 63 64 64 66 207 0.3 859 75Hong Kong . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S5 5,688 7,116 7,211 7,981 93 1.1 18,883 382Jersey. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S3 84 89 89 92 196 0.3 1,978 45Macau. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S6 352 446 454 527 167 1.7 73,448 6Man, Isle of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S3 69 73 73 77 200 0.5 324 227Martinique . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S1 374 415 418 448 171 0.8 1,023 409Mayotte . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S4 90 156 163 231 188 3.9 1,125 145Montserrat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S1 11 6 8 10 225 4.3 196 39Netherlands Antilles . . . . . . . . . S2 189 210 212 228 182 0.8 572 371New Caledonia . . . . . . . . . . . . S6 168 202 205 230 183 1.3 28 7,243Northern Mariana Islands . . . . . S6 44 72 75 99 199 3.1 405 184Puerto Rico . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S1 3,537 3,916 3,937 4,088 120 0.4 1,138 3,459Reunion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S4 597 721 733 829 159 1.4 759 965Saint Helena . . . . . . . . . . . . . S4 7 7 7 8 226 0.6 46 158Saint Pierre and Miquelon. . . . . S1 6 7 7 7 227 0.2 74 93Turks and Caicos Islands . . . . . S1 12 18 18 24 220 3.0 109 166Virgin Islands . . . . . . . . . . . . . S1 104 121 122 133 192 1.0 904 135Virgin Islands, British . . . . . . . . S1 16 20 21 25 217 2.0 359 58Wallis and Futuna . . . . . . . . . . S6 14 15 15 17 221 0.9 146 106West Bank 4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . S4 1,255 2,020 2,091 2,765 141 3.1 960 2,178Western Sahara . . . . . . . . . . . S4 191 245 251 301 181 2.1 2 102,703

- Represents or rounds to zero. X Not applicable. Z Less than one person per square mile. 1 Computed by theexponential method. For explanation of average annual percent change, see Guide to Tabular Presentation. 2 With theestablishment of diplomatic relations with China on January 1, 1979, the U.S. government recognized the People’s Republic ofChina as the sole legal government of China and acknowledged the Chinese position that there is only one China and that Taiwanis part of China. 3 ‘‘Congo’’ is the official short-form name for both the Republic of Congo and the Democratic Republic of theCongo. To distinguish one from the other the U.S. Dept. of State adds the capital in parentheses. This practice is unofficial andprovisional. 4 The Gaza Strip and West Bank are Israeli occupied with interim status subject to Israeli/Palestinian negotiations.The final status is to be determined.




No. 1328. Age Distribution by Country: 2001 and 2010[In percent. Covers countries with 10 million or more population in 2001]

Country or area

2001 2010, proj.

Under15 yrs.

old

65 yrs.old and

over

Under15 yrs.

old

65 yrs.old and

over

World . . . . . . . . 29.6 7.0 30.0 8.6Afghanistan . . . . . . 42.2 2.8 53.0 3.9Algeria . . . . . . . . . 34.2 4.1 33.5 5.2Angola . . . . . . . . . 43.3 2.7 53.4 3.4Argentina . . . . . . . 26.5 10.4 27.3 12.3Australia . . . . . . . . 20.6 12.5 20.4 15.2Bangladesh . . . . . . 35.0 3.4 34.5 4.5Belarus . . . . . . . . . 17.9 13.9 15.5 13.5Belgium . . . . . . . . 17.5 16.9 16.1 18.1Brazil . . . . . . . . . . 28.6 5.5 26.4 7.5Burkina Faso . . . . . 47.5 2.9 59.1 3.5Burma . . . . . . . . . 29.1 4.8 26.5 5.5Cambodia . . . . . . . 41.3 3.5 47.3 4.5Cameroon . . . . . . . 42.4 3.4 49.5 4.7Canada. . . . . . . . . 18.9 12.8 18.2 15.5Chile . . . . . . . . . . 27.3 7.4 25.1 10.2China 1 . . . . . . . . . 25.0 7.1 22.5 8.9Colombia. . . . . . . . 31.9 4.8 33.1 6.6Congo (Kinshasa) 2. 48.2 2.5 63.2 3.2Cote d’Ivoire . . . . . 46.2 2.2 54.9 3.1Cuba . . . . . . . . . . 21.0 9.9 18.1 12.5Czech Republic . . . 16.1 13.9 13.2 15.8Ecuador . . . . . . . . 35.8 4.4 37.9 6.0Egypt . . . . . . . . . . 34.6 3.8 34.9 5.2Ethiopia . . . . . . . . 47.2 2.8 60.3 3.6France . . . . . . . . . 18.7 16.1 18.0 17.3Germany. . . . . . . . 15.6 16.6 14.3 20.1Ghana . . . . . . . . . 41.2 3.5 39.4 4.4Greece . . . . . . . . . 15.0 17.7 14.7 19.8Guatemala . . . . . . 42.1 3.6 50.4 4.9Hungary . . . . . . . . 16.6 14.7 13.9 15.6India. . . . . . . . . . . 33.1 4.7 33.6 6.1Indonesia . . . . . . . 30.3 4.6 31.9 6.7Iran . . . . . . . . . . . 33.0 4.6 28.5 5.3Iraq . . . . . . . . . . . 41.6 3.1 50.3 3.9Italy . . . . . . . . . . . 14.2 18.3 13.1 20.5Japan . . . . . . . . . . 14.6 17.5 14.5 21.9Kazakhstan . . . . . . 26.7 7.2 24.9 7.8Kenya. . . . . . . . . . 41.9 2.8 38.0 3.7Korea, North . . . . . 25.5 6.8 24.6 10.7

Country or area

2001 2010, proj.

Under15 yrs.

old

65 yrs.old and

over

Under15 yrs.

old

65 yrs.old and

over

Korea, South . . . . . 21.6 7.3 21.6 10.6Madagascar. . . . . . 45.0 3.2 60.2 3.9Malawi . . . . . . . . . 44.4 2.8 45.0 3.4Malaysia . . . . . . . . 34.5 4.2 37.2 6.1Mali . . . . . . . . . . . 47.2 3.1 62.1 3.8Mexico . . . . . . . . . 33.3 4.4 33.2 6.3Morocco . . . . . . . . 34.4 4.7 34.7 6.1Mozambique . . . . . 42.7 2.8 43.1 3.5Nepal . . . . . . . . . . 40.3 3.5 46.5 4.8Netherlands . . . . . . 18.4 13.7 17.6 16.0Niger . . . . . . . . . . 48.0 2.3 60.0 3.0Nigeria . . . . . . . . . 43.7 2.8 53.5 3.8Pakistan . . . . . . . . 40.5 4.1 41.9 5.3Peru. . . . . . . . . . . 34.4 4.8 34.3 6.7Philippines. . . . . . . 36.9 3.7 40.1 5.2Poland . . . . . . . . . 18.4 12.4 15.7 13.1Portugal . . . . . . . . 17.0 15.6 16.8 17.1Romania . . . . . . . . 17.9 13.5 15.5 14.1Russia . . . . . . . . . 17.4 12.8 14.9 12.7Saudi Arabia . . . . . 42.5 2.7 58.0 5.1Senegal . . . . . . . . 44.1 3.1 53.6 4.0Serbia. . . . . . . . . . 19.7 15.1 18.2 15.5South Africa. . . . . . 32.0 4.9 26.8 5.8Spain . . . . . . . . . . 14.6 17.2 13.9 18.5Sri Lanka . . . . . . . 26.0 6.6 24.4 8.9Sudan . . . . . . . . . 44.6 2.1 52.8 3.5Syria . . . . . . . . . . 39.9 3.2 44.8 4.3Taiwan 1 . . . . . . . . 21.2 8.8 21.4 11.1Tanzania . . . . . . . . 44.8 2.9 54.6 3.9Thailand . . . . . . . . 23.4 6.6 23.7 9.2Turkey . . . . . . . . . 28.4 6.1 26.2 8.1Uganda. . . . . . . . . 51.1 2.1 66.0 2.6Ukraine. . . . . . . . . 17.3 14.1 14.4 13.9United Kingdom . . . 18.9 15.7 17.1 17.0United States . . . . 21.1 12.6 21.6 14.4Uzbekistan . . . . . . 36.3 4.6 37.5 5.0Venezuela . . . . . . . 32.1 4.7 30.7 6.6Vietnam . . . . . . . . 32.1 5.4 30.9 6.2Yemen . . . . . . . . . 47.2 3.0 65.0 3.5Zimbabwe . . . . . . . 38.7 3.6 32.6 4.4

1 See footnote 2, Table 1327. 2 See footnote 3, Table 1327.Source: U.S. Census Bureau, ‘‘International Data Base’’ (as of 10 May 2000); <http://www.census.gov/ipc/www/idbnew.html>.

No. 1329. Foreign or Foreign-Born Population and Labor Force in SelectedOECD Countries: 1988 and 1998

[In Australia, Canada, and the United States the data refer to people present in the country who are foreign born. In the Europeancountries and Japan they generally refer to foreigners and represent the nationalities of residents]

Country

Foreign population 1 Foreign labor force 2

Number(1,000)

Percent oftotal population

Number(1,000)

Percent oftotal labor force

1988 1998 1988 1998 1988 1998 1988 1998

United States 3 . . . . . . . 419,767 26,300 7.9 9.8 411,565 16,100 9.4 11.7Australia 3. . . . . . . . . . . 53,965 4,394 22.9 23.4 52,182 2,294 25.7 24.8Austria . . . . . . . . . . . . . 344 737 4.5 9.1 161 327 5.4 9.9Belgium . . . . . . . . . . . . 869 892 8.8 8.7 6291 375 7.2 8.8Canada 3 . . . . . . . . . . . 54,343 74,971 16.1 17.4 52,681 72,839 18.5 19.2Denmark. . . . . . . . . . . . 142 256 2.8 4.8 65 894 2.2 3.2France . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93,714 43,597 6.8 6.3 1,557 1,587 6.4 6.1Germany . . . . . . . . . . . 4,489 7,320 7.3 8.9 1,911 82,522 7.0 9.1Italy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 645 1,250 1.1 2.1 5285 10332 1.3 1.7Japan . . . . . . . . . . . . . 941 1,512 0.8 1.2 1186 119 0.1 0.2Luxembourg . . . . . . . . . 106 153 27.4 35.6 1269 12135 39.9 57.7Netherlands . . . . . . . . . 624 662 4.2 4.2 176 8208 3.0 2.9Spain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 360 720 0.9 1.8 58 191 0.4 1.2Sweden . . . . . . . . . . . . 421 500 5.0 5.6 220 219 4.9 5.1Switzerland . . . . . . . . . . 1,007 1,348 15.2 19.0 13608 13691 16.7 17.3United Kingdom . . . . . . . 1,821 2,208 3.2 3.8 871 1,039 3.4 3.9

1 Data are from population registers except for France (census), Ireland and the United Kingdom (labor force survey), Japanand Switzerland (register of foreigners) and Italy, Portugal, and Spain (residence permits). 2 Includes unemployed except forItaly, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway and United Kingdom. Data for Austria, Germany, and Luxembourg are from social securityregisters, for Denmark from the register of population, for Norway from the register of employees. Data for Italy, Portugal, Spain,and Switzerland are from residence or work permits. Figures for Japan and Netherlands are estimates. Data for other countriesare from labor force surveys. 3 Census data, except 1998 data for United States from Current Population Survey. 4 1990data. 5 1991 data. 6 1989 data. 7 1996 data. 8 1997 data. 9 1982 data. 10 1995 data. 11 1992 data. 12 Includescross-border workers. 13 Foreigners with an annual residence permit or a settlement permit who engage in gainful activity.Seasonal and cross-border workers are excluded.

Source: Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, Paris, France, Trends in International Migration (2000Edition) (copyright).



No. 1330. Vital Statistics by Country: 2001 and 2010[Covers countries with 10 million or more population in 2001]

Country or area

Crude birthrate 1

Crude deathrate 2

Expectation oflife at birth (years)

Infant mortalityrate 3

Total fertilityrate per woman 4

20012010,

proj. 20012010,

proj. 20012010,

proj. 20012010,

proj. 20012010,

proj.

United States . . . . . 14.2 14.3 8.7 8.6 77.3 78.5 6.8 6.2 2.06 2.12Afghanistan. . . . . . . 41.4 37.3 17.7 15.2 46.2 49.6 147.0 126.5 5.79 5.09Algeria . . . . . . . . . . 22.8 19.9 5.2 4.9 70.0 72.5 40.6 28.9 2.72 2.17Angola . . . . . . . . . . 46.5 42.9 24.7 21.6 38.6 41.3 193.7 174.7 6.48 5.94Argentina . . . . . . . . 18.4 16.6 7.6 7.5 75.3 77.1 17.8 13.3 2.44 2.19Australia . . . . . . . . . 12.9 11.7 7.2 7.7 79.9 81.0 5.0 4.4 1.77 1.75Bangladesh. . . . . . . 25.3 22.1 8.6 7.6 60.5 63.9 69.9 54.3 2.78 2.30Belarus. . . . . . . . . . 9.6 12.1 14.0 13.5 68.1 70.6 14.4 11.5 1.28 1.57Belgium . . . . . . . . . 10.7 9.9 10.1 10.7 78.0 79.4 4.7 4.2 1.61 1.63Brazil . . . . . . . . . . . 18.5 15.6 9.3 9.1 63.2 66.3 37.0 27.8 2.09 1.81Burkina Faso. . . . . . 44.8 40.9 17.1 16.7 46.4 45.3 106.9 92.1 6.35 5.54Burma . . . . . . . . . . 20.1 17.0 12.3 12.0 55.2 57.7 73.7 59.7 2.30 1.86Cambodia . . . . . . . . 33.2 30.8 10.7 9.5 56.8 59.8 65.4 53.0 4.74 4.00Cameroon. . . . . . . . 36.1 32.0 12.0 12.9 54.6 52.7 69.8 60.4 4.80 4.08Canada . . . . . . . . . 11.2 10.7 7.5 8.0 79.6 80.7 5.0 4.5 1.60 1.62Chile . . . . . . . . . . . 16.8 14.5 5.6 6.0 75.9 77.7 9.4 7.4 2.16 1.90China 5. . . . . . . . . . 16.0 13.1 6.7 7.1 71.6 73.9 28.1 20.5 1.82 1.82Colombia . . . . . . . . 22.4 19.3 5.7 5.6 70.6 73.1 24.0 17.8 2.66 2.44Congo (Kinshasa) 6 . 46.0 42.4 15.2 13.4 48.9 50.7 99.9 83.2 6.84 6.11Cote d’Ivoire . . . . . . 40.4 36.4 16.7 17.5 44.9 43.4 93.7 80.0 5.70 4.79Cuba . . . . . . . . . . . 12.4 11.0 7.3 7.7 76.4 78.1 7.4 6.4 1.60 1.62Czech Republic . . . . 9.1 8.4 10.8 11.2 74.7 76.7 5.6 4.8 1.18 1.23Ecuador . . . . . . . . . 26.0 21.8 5.4 5.0 71.3 73.8 34.1 25.3 3.12 2.62Egypt . . . . . . . . . . . 24.9 20.9 7.7 6.9 63.7 66.9 60.5 44.8 3.07 2.48Ethiopia . . . . . . . . . 44.7 41.6 17.8 18.7 44.7 42.1 100.0 87.8 7.00 6.36France . . . . . . . . . . 12.1 11.0 9.1 9.8 78.9 80.2 4.5 4.1 1.75 1.74Germany . . . . . . . . 9.2 8.7 10.4 11.0 77.6 79.1 4.7 4.2 1.38 1.44Ghana . . . . . . . . . . 29.0 23.3 10.3 11.5 57.2 55.5 56.5 48.9 3.82 2.81Greece. . . . . . . . . . 9.8 9.2 9.7 10.7 78.6 79.9 6.4 5.3 1.33 1.40Guatemala . . . . . . . 34.6 30.4 6.8 5.8 66.5 69.5 45.8 35.2 4.58 3.91Hungary . . . . . . . . . 9.3 8.9 13.2 12.9 71.6 74.0 9.0 7.4 1.25 1.29India . . . . . . . . . . . 24.3 20.7 8.7 7.9 62.9 66.1 63.2 48.5 3.04 2.55Indonesia . . . . . . . . 22.3 18.7 6.3 6.3 68.3 71.1 40.9 30.0 2.58 2.28Iran . . . . . . . . . . . . 17.1 19.7 5.4 5.3 70.0 72.6 29.0 21.0 2.02 1.96Iraq . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.6 29.4 6.2 4.9 67.0 70.3 60.1 42.2 4.75 3.76Italy . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.1 7.5 10.1 11.2 79.1 80.2 5.8 5.1 1.18 1.22Japan . . . . . . . . . . 10.0 8.9 8.3 10.2 80.8 81.7 3.9 3.6 1.41 1.47Kazakhstan . . . . . . . 17.3 20.9 10.6 10.4 63.3 65.7 59.2 52.5 2.07 2.38Kenya . . . . . . . . . . 28.5 21.9 14.4 17.9 47.5 44.3 68.0 60.4 3.50 2.40Korea, North . . . . . . 19.1 13.9 6.9 7.5 71.0 73.5 23.6 17.6 2.26 1.90Korea, South . . . . . . 14.9 12.2 5.9 6.8 74.7 76.6 7.7 6.6 1.72 1.72Madagascar . . . . . . 42.7 40.5 12.4 10.1 55.4 58.9 83.6 68.7 5.80 5.47Malawi . . . . . . . . . . 37.8 31.8 22.8 24.1 37.1 35.8 121.1 110.0 5.18 3.94Malaysia . . . . . . . . . 24.8 22.1 5.2 5.1 71.1 73.6 20.3 15.0 3.24 2.92Mali . . . . . . . . . . . . 48.8 44.6 18.7 15.3 47.0 50.5 121.4 105.1 6.81 6.06Mexico . . . . . . . . . . 22.8 19.3 5.0 5.0 71.8 74.1 25.4 18.5 2.62 2.27Morocco . . . . . . . . . 24.2 20.6 5.9 5.4 69.4 72.1 48.1 34.7 3.05 2.46Mozambique . . . . . . 37.2 31.1 24.2 29.9 36.5 31.4 139.2 131.8 4.82 3.85Nepal . . . . . . . . . . . 33.4 28.8 10.2 8.7 58.2 61.7 74.1 58.7 4.58 3.73Netherlands . . . . . . 11.9 10.1 8.7 8.9 78.4 79.8 4.4 3.9 1.65 1.66Niger . . . . . . . . . . . 50.7 45.5 22.7 19.1 41.6 44.6 123.6 111.3 7.08 6.28Nigeria . . . . . . . . . . 39.7 35.3 13.9 15.9 51.1 47.0 73.3 66.1 5.57 4.79Pakistan . . . . . . . . . 31.2 24.8 9.3 7.5 61.5 64.8 80.5 63.3 4.41 3.16Peru . . . . . . . . . . . 23.9 19.8 5.8 5.6 70.3 72.9 39.4 29.3 2.96 2.41Philippines . . . . . . . 27.4 23.3 6.0 5.5 67.8 70.6 28.7 21.8 3.42 2.89Poland . . . . . . . . . . 10.2 10.9 10.0 10.3 73.4 75.6 9.4 7.6 1.37 1.42Portugal . . . . . . . . . 11.5 10.4 10.2 10.6 75.9 77.7 5.9 5.1 1.48 1.52Romania. . . . . . . . . 10.8 10.6 12.3 12.4 70.2 72.5 19.4 14.9 1.35 1.42Russia . . . . . . . . . . 9.4 12.1 13.9 14.5 67.3 68.8 20.1 17.7 1.27 1.56Saudi Arabia . . . . . . 37.3 37.1 5.9 5.4 68.1 70.9 51.3 37.4 6.25 5.74Senegal . . . . . . . . . 37.5 33.0 8.4 6.7 62.6 65.8 56.8 45.1 5.12 4.29Serbia . . . . . . . . . . 12.5 12.0 10.7 11.3 73.4 75.5 18.0 14.1 1.73 1.69South Africa . . . . . . 21.1 17.8 16.8 30.3 48.1 35.5 60.3 67.4 2.43 2.09Spain . . . . . . . . . . . 9.3 8.5 9.1 10.1 78.9 80.2 4.9 4.4 1.15 1.22Sri Lanka . . . . . . . . 16.6 14.8 6.4 6.6 72.1 74.4 16.1 12.5 1.95 1.78Sudan . . . . . . . . . . 37.9 31.8 10.0 8.3 56.9 60.5 68.7 55.2 5.35 4.21Syria . . . . . . . . . . . 30.6 25.2 5.2 4.6 68.8 71.5 33.8 25.0 3.95 3.02Taiwan 5 . . . . . . . . . 14.3 13.0 6.0 6.8 76.5 78.2 6.9 5.9 1.76 1.75Tanzania. . . . . . . . . 39.7 34.9 13.0 13.4 52.0 50.5 79.4 65.8 5.42 4.62Thailand . . . . . . . . . 16.6 14.2 7.5 7.8 68.9 71.7 30.5 22.2 1.87 1.80Turkey . . . . . . . . . . 18.3 15.6 6.0 6.1 71.2 73.7 47.3 34.3 2.12 1.82Uganda . . . . . . . . . 47.5 45.2 18.0 15.1 43.4 46.6 91.3 75.4 6.88 6.12Ukraine . . . . . . . . . 9.3 11.6 16.4 15.7 66.2 68.5 21.4 17.5 1.29 1.58United Kingdom . . . . 11.5 10.6 10.4 10.2 77.8 79.3 5.5 4.8 1.73 1.72Uzbekistan . . . . . . . 26.1 26.1 8.0 7.4 63.8 66.2 71.9 65.6 3.06 2.80Venezuela. . . . . . . . 20.7 17.8 4.9 5.0 73.3 75.5 25.4 18.9 2.46 2.13Vietnam . . . . . . . . . 21.2 18.3 6.2 5.8 69.6 72.2 30.2 22.7 2.49 2.10Yemen . . . . . . . . . . 43.4 41.8 9.6 7.4 60.2 63.6 68.5 53.4 6.97 6.23Zimbabwe. . . . . . . . 24.7 23.0 23.2 31.6 37.1 32.5 62.6 65.9 3.28 2.63

1 Number of births during 1 year per 1,000 persons (based on midyear population). 2 Number of deaths during 1 year per1,000 persons (based on midyear population). 3 Number of deaths of children under 1 year of age per 1,000 live births in acalendar year. 4 Average number of children that would be born if all women lived to the end of their childbearing years and, ateach year of age, they experienced the birth rates occurring in the specified year. 5 See footnote 2, Table 1327. 6 See footnote3, Table 1327.




No. 1331. Percent of Births to Unmarried Women for Selected Countries:1980 and 1998

Country 1980 1998

United States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 33

Canada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 128Denmark. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 45Finland. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 137France . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 140Germany . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 114Greece. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 4Iceland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 64Ireland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 28Italy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 9Japan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1Netherlands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 21Norway. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 49Portugal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 20Sweden . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 154United Kingdom . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 38

1 Data are for 1997.

Source: U.S. National Center for Health Statistics, Nonmarital Childbearing in the United States, 1940-99, National VitalStatistics Reports, Vol. 48, No. 16, October 18, 2000.

No. 1332. Medical Doctors and Inpatient Care—Selected Countries:1990 to 1998

CountryMedical doctors

per 1,000 population

Inpatient care

Beds per1,000 population

Average length of stay(days)

1990 1997 1998 1990 1997 1998 1990 1997 1998

United States . . . . . . . . . . . 2.4 2.7 2.7 4.9 3.9 3.7 9 7 7

Australia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (NA) 2.5 (NA) (NA) 8.3 (NA) (NA) 15 (NA)Austria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.2 2.9 3.0 10.2 9.1 8.9 13 10 9Belgium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.2 13.4 (NA) 8.0 27.2 (NA) 14 211 (NA)Canada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.1 2.1 2.1 6.3 4.7 (NA) 13 8 (NA)Czech Republic . . . . . . . . . . 2.8 3.0 3.0 11.3 9.0 8.9 15 12 11Denmark. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.8 22.9 (NA) 5.7 4.6 (NA) 8 7 (NA)Finland. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.4 3.0 3.0 12.5 7.9 7.8 18 11 11France . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.6 3.0 3.0 9.7 8.5 8.5 13 11 (NA)Germany . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1 3.4 3.5 10.4 9.4 9.3 17 13 12Greece. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.4 4.1 (NA) 5.1 5.0 (NA) 10 28 (NA)Hungary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.9 3.1 (NA) 10.1 8.3 8.3 13 10 9Iceland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.8 3.3 (NA) 16.7 315.9 (NA) 18 317 (NA)Ireland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.6 2.1 2.2 3.9 3.7 (NA) 8 27 (NA)Italy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.7 5.8 5.9 7.2 5.9 (NA) 12 8 (NA)Japan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.7 (NA) 1.9 16.0 16.4 16.5 51 43 41Korea, South . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.8 1.2 1.3 3.1 4.8 5.1 13 13 13Luxembourg . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.0 3.0 3.0 11.7 8.1 8.0 18 215 (NA)Mexico . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.1 1.6 1.6 0.8 1.1 1.1 4 4 4Netherlands . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.5 42.6 (NA) 11.5 11.2 11.3 34 32 34New Zealand. . . . . . . . . . . . 1.9 2.2 2.2 8.5 6.1 6.2 10 7 7Norway. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1 2.4 (NA) (NA) 14.7 (NA) (NA) 210 (NA)Poland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.1 22.4 (NA) 5.7 5.4 5.3 13 10 10Portugal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.8 3.1 3.1 4.6 4.1 4.0 11 9 9Spain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.8 4.3 4.4 4.3 13.9 (NA) 12 211 (NA)Sweden . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.9 23.1 (NA) 12.4 4.0 3.8 18 28 (NA)Switzerland . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.5 1.8 1.9 (NA) 18.3 18.1 (NA) 15 14Turkey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.9 1.2 1.2 2.1 2.5 2.5 7 6 6United Kingdom . . . . . . . . . . 1.4 1.7 1.7 5.9 4.3 4.2 16 210 (NA)

NA Not available. 1 1995 data. 2 1996 data. 3 1992 data. 4 1991 data.

Source: Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, Paris, France, OECD Health Data 2000 (copyright).



No. 1333. Health Expenditures as Percent of GDP by Country: 1980 to 1999

[In percent. G.D.P.=gross domestic product; for explanation, see text, Section 13, Income, Expenditures, and Wealth]

CountryTotal health expenditures Public health expenditures

1980 1990 1995 1998 1999 1980 1990 1995 1998 1999

United States . . . . . 8.9 12.4 13.9 13.6 13.7 3.7 4.9 6.3 6.1 6.1Australia . . . . . . . . . 7.0 7.9 8.2 8.5 (NA) 4.3 5.3 5.5 5.9 (NA)Austria . . . . . . . . . . 7.7 7.2 8.9 8.2 8.3 5.3 5.3 6.4 5.8 5.9Belgium . . . . . . . . . 6.4 7.4 8.2 8.8 (NA) 5.4 6.6 7.3 7.9 (NA)Canada . . . . . . . . . 7.2 9.2 9.5 9.5 9.5 5.4 6.8 6.7 6.6 6.6Czech Republic . . . . 3.8 5.0 7.3 7.2 7.6 3.7 4.8 6.8 6.6 6.9Denmark. . . . . . . . . 9.2 8.4 8.2 8.3 8.3 8.1 7.0 6.8 6.8 6.8Finland. . . . . . . . . . 6.4 7.9 7.5 6.9 (NA) 5.0 6.4 5.7 5.3 (NA)France . . . . . . . . . . 7.4 8.8 9.8 9.6 (NA) 5.8 6.7 7.5 7.3 (NA)Germany 1 . . . . . . . 8.8 8.7 10.2 10.6 10.5 6.9 6.7 8.0 7.9 7.9Greece. . . . . . . . . . 6.6 7.6 8.3 8.3 (NA) 3.7 4.8 4.8 4.7 (NA)Hungary . . . . . . . . . (NA) (NA) 7.6 6.8 (NA) (NA) (NA) 5.8 5.2 (NA)Iceland . . . . . . . . . . 6.2 8.0 8.2 8.3 8.4 5.5 6.9 6.9 7.0 7.2Ireland . . . . . . . . . . 8.7 7.0 7.4 6.4 6.1 7.1 5.0 5.4 4.8 4.7Italy . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.0 8.1 8.0 8.4 8.4 5.6 6.3 5.4 5.7 5.7Japan . . . . . . . . . . 6.5 6.1 7.2 7.6 (NA) 4.6 4.7 5.6 6.0 (NA)Korea, South . . . . . . 3.4 4.8 4.6 5.0 (NA) 0.7 1.7 1.7 2.3 (NA)Luxembourg . . . . . . 6.2 6.6 6.3 5.9 (NA) 5.7 6.1 5.8 5.4 (NA)Mexico . . . . . . . . . . (NA) 3.6 4.9 (NA) (NA) (NA) 2.1 2.8 (NA) (NA)Netherlands . . . . . . 8.3 8.8 8.9 8.6 (NA) 5.9 6.1 6.5 6.0 (NA)New Zealand. . . . . . 6.0 7.0 7.3 8.1 (NA) 5.3 5.8 5.6 6.2 (NA)Norway. . . . . . . . . . 7.0 7.8 8.0 8.9 (NA) 5.9 6.5 6.7 7.4 (NA)Poland . . . . . . . . . . (NA) 5.3 6.0 6.4 6.3 (NA) 4.8 4.6 4.7 4.5Portugal . . . . . . . . . 5.8 6.4 7.7 7.8 (NA) 3.7 4.2 5.0 5.2 (NA)Spain . . . . . . . . . . . 5.6 6.9 7.0 7.1 (NA) 4.5 5.4 5.5 5.4 (NA)Sweden . . . . . . . . . 9.4 8.8 8.4 8.4 (NA) 8.7 7.9 7.2 7.0 (NA)Switzerland . . . . . . . 6.9 8.3 9.6 10.4 (NA) 4.6 5.7 7.0 7.7 (NA)Turkey . . . . . . . . . . 3.3 3.6 3.3 (NA) (NA) 0.9 2.2 2.4 (NA) (NA)United Kingdom . . . . 5.7 6.0 7.0 6.7 7.0 5.1 5.1 5.9 5.6 5.9

NA Not available. 1 Data prior to 1991 are for former West Germany.

Source: Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, Paris, France, OECD Health Data 2000 (copyright).

No. 1334. Average Temperatures and Precipitation—SelectedInternational Cities

[In degrees Fahrenheit, except as noted. Data are generally based on a standard 30-year period; for details, see source. Fordata on U.S. cities, see Tables 371-374]

City

January July

Averagehigh

Averagelow

Warm-est Coldest

Averageprecipi-

tation(inches)

Averagehigh

Averagelow

Warm-est Coldest

Averageprecipita-

tion(inches)

Amsterdam, Netherlands . 41 34 57 3 3.1 69 55 90 39 2.9Athens, Greece . . . . . . . 55 44 70 28 1.9 89 73 108 61 0.2Baghdad, Iraq . . . . . . . . 58 38 75 25 1.1 110 78 122 61 -Bangkok, Thailand . . . . . 89 71 95 54 0.4 90 78 99 72 6.2Beijing, China . . . . . . . . 34 17 54 1 0.2 86 72 104 63 8.8Berlin, Germany. . . . . . . 35 26 58 -11 (NA) 73 56 95 41 (NA)Bogota, Colombia. . . . . . 66 43 84 27 1.9 64 47 82 32 1.8Brasilia, Brazil . . . . . . . . 81 64 95 54 (NA) 79 52 97 37 (NA)Buenos Aires, Argentina . 85 64 104 44 4.2 58 41 88 23 2.3Cairo, Egypt . . . . . . . . . 65 49 86 32 0.2 93 72 108 63 -Frankfurt, Germany. . . . . 38 30 56 -4 1.8 75 57 97 38 2.4Geneva, Switzerland. . . . 39 29 57 -2 2.2 77 56 96 41 2.8Hong Kong, China . . . . . 67 58 79 43 1.1 89 81 97 70 14.3Istanbul, Turkey . . . . . . . 46 37 64 16 3.7 82 66 100 50 0.7Jakarta, Indonesia . . . . . 83 75 92 72 (NA) 88 74 92 67 (NA)Kabul, Afghanistan . . . . . 36 23 64 -4 1.3 88 67 102 49 0.2Karachi, Pakistan . . . . . . 76 55 93 39 0.3 89 83 109 68 3.5Lagos, Nigeria . . . . . . . . 82 79 93 64 (NA) 79 76 88 70 (NA)London, England . . . . . . 45 36 61 15 2.4 72 56 93 45 1.8Madrid, Spain . . . . . . . . 51 32 68 14 1.8 90 61 104 46 0.4Manila, Philippines . . . . . 86 71 95 61 0.8 88 76 99 70 15.9Mexico City, Mexico . . . . 70 45 86 26 0.3 74 56 86 37 5.1Montreal, Canada. . . . . . 21 7 52 -31 2.8 79 61 93 43 3.4Moscow, Russia . . . . . . . 21 11 46 -33 1.4 71 55 95 41 3.2Nairobi, Kenya. . . . . . . . 77 58 88 45 1.8 71 54 85 43 0.5New Delhi, India. . . . . . . 68 48 85 32 0.9 93 81 111 70 7.9Paris, France. . . . . . . . . 43 34 59 1 (NA) 75 58 95 41 (NA)Rio De Janeiro, Brazil . . . 91 74 109 64 5.3 81 64 102 52 1.8Rome, Italy . . . . . . . . . . 55 39 64 19 3.2 83 66 100 55 0.6Seoul, Korea . . . . . . . . . 33 21 55 -1 (NA) 82 71 97 55 (NA)Singapore, Singapore . . . 85 73 100 66 9.4 86 76 99 70 5.9Sydney, Australia . . . . . . 79 65 109 49 4.0 62 44 80 32 2.5Tel Aviv, Israel . . . . . . . . 62 46 84 32 (NA) 87 69 100 50 (NA)Tokyo, Japan. . . . . . . . . 48 35 66 25 2.0 82 71 95 55 5.3Toronto, Canada . . . . . . 28 15 59 -24 1.9 79 60 99 45 2.8

- Represents zero. NA Not available.

Source: U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Climates of the World.



No. 1335. Selected Environmental Data—OECD Countries

[Figures are for 1998 or the latest available year. Varying definitions and survey methods can limit the comparability across coun-tries]

Country

Air pollutant emissions per capita Waste generated

Sulfuroxides

(kilograms)

Nitrogenoxides

(kilograms)

Carbondioxide 1

(tons)

Municipal 2

(kilogramsper capita)

Nuclear 3

Amount(tons)

Per unit ofenergy (tonsper Mtoe 4)

Per 1,000persons

(kilograms)

United States . . . . . . . . 69 80 20 720 2,100 0.9 8.0Australia . . . . . . . . . . . . 101 118 17 690 - - -Austria . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 21 8 510 - - -Belgium . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 33 12 480 80 2.8 11.9Canada . . . . . . . . . . . . 90 68 16 500 1,340 6.5 57.1Czech Republic . . . . . . . 68 41 12 310 45 1.0 4.5Denmark. . . . . . . . . . . . 21 47 11 560 - - -Finland. . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 51 12 410 71 2.2 13.3France . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 29 6 590 1,130 4.6 20.6Germany . . . . . . . . . . . 16 22 10 5460 450 1.3 5.8Greece. . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 35 8 370 - - -

Hungary . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 19 6 490 55 3.2 5.1Iceland . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 106 8 650 - - -Ireland . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 34 10 560 - - -Italy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 31 7 460 - - -Japan . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 11 9 400 964 1.8 7.3Korea, South . . . . . . . . . 33 28 8 400 364 2.3 4.8Luxembourg . . . . . . . . . 8 40 17 590 - - -Mexico . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 17 4 310 42 0.1 0.2Netherlands . . . . . . . . . 8 28 11 560 12 0.2 0.9New Zealand. . . . . . . . . 12 46 8 6350 - - -

Norway. . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 51 8 600 - - -Poland . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 30 8 320 (NA) (NA) (NA)Portugal . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 37 5 440 - - -Spain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 32 6 390 192 0.9 4.3Sweden . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 38 6 360 238 4.5 24.1Switzerland . . . . . . . . . . 5 18 6 600 64 2.4 10.9Turkey . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 15 3 330 - - -United Kingdom . . . . . . . 34 35 9 480 820 3.7 29.2

- Represents zero. NA Not available. 1 Carbon dioxide from energy use only. Excludes international marine bunkers.2 Municipal waste is that which is collected and treated by or for municipalities: household waste and bulky waste as well ascomparable waste from small communities or industrial enterprises; and market and garden residue. 3 Wastes from spent fuelarising in nuclear power plants, measured in terms of heavy metal. 4 Mtoe=million tons of oil equivalent (primary energysupply). 5 Includes separate collection by private sector. 6 Household waste only.

Source: Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, Paris, France, OECD Environmental Data Compendium,1999 (copyright).

No. 1336. Carbon Dioxide Emissions from Consumption of Fossil Fuels byCountry, 1990 to 1999, and Projections, 2005 and 2010

[In million metric tons of carbon (5,873 represents 5,873,000,000). Includes carbon dioxide emissions from the consumptionof petroleum, natural gas, and coal, and the flaring of natural gas]

Country 1990 1994 1995 1996 1997 19981999,

prel. 2005 2010

World, total. . . . . . . . . . . 5,873 5,913 6,018 6,136 6,231 6,198 6,144 7,015 7,835Australia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 77 80 82 89 92 94 (NA) (NA)Brazil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 71 74 76 80 88 89 108 139Canada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128 135 135 139 145 148 151 158 165China 1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 617 768 788 794 808 765 669 889 1,131France . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102 97 101 105 104 110 109 116 120Germany . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (X) 230 239 240 238 237 230 246 252India . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156 190 224 224 228 232 243 300 351Indonesia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 56 59 65 69 65 64 (NA) (NA)Iran . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 68 71 71 81 81 84 (NA) (NA)Italy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112 108 118 116 118 122 121 131 137Japan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269 299 298 301 308 300 307 324 330

Korea, South . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 96 103 107 117 101 107 128 144Mexico . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 90 88 93 96 105 101 124 145Netherlands . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 60 61 62 66 66 64 66 67Poland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 87 83 78 91 85 85 (NA) (NA)Russia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (X) 477 444 444 408 398 400 (NA) (NA)Saudi Arabia . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 67 69 71 72 74 74 (NA) (NA)South Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 94 94 96 105 102 99 (NA) (NA)Spain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 64 67 63 73 77 82 (NA) (NA)Taiwan 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 44 49 53 58 60 63 (NA) (NA)Thailand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 35 43 46 47 44 45 (NA) (NA)Turkey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 38 41 45 50 50 50 57 66Ukraine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (X) 121 124 108 102 98 104 (NA) (NA)United Kingdom . . . . . . . . . . 164 155 153 159 154 155 152 168 177United States . . . . . . . . . . . 1,355 1,418 1,430 1,481 1,502 1,504 1,520 1,690 1,809

NA Not available. X Not applicable. 1 See footnote 2, Table 1327.

Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, International Energy Annual, 1999, and International Energy Outlook, 2001.



No. 1337. Educational Attainment by Country: 1998

[Percent distribution. Persons 25 to 64 years old]

Country

Total

Preprimaryand primary

education

Lowersecondaryeducation

Uppersecondaryeducation

Post-secondarynontertiary

education 1

Non-university

tertiaryeducation 2

Universityeducation

United States . . . 100 5 9 352 (3) 8 27Australia . . . . . . . 100 444 (4) 331 (3) 9 17Austria 5 . . . . . . . 100 427 (4) 57 6 4 6Belgium . . . . . . . 100 20 23 331 (3) 13 12Canada. . . . . . . . 100 420 (4) 28 13 20 19Czech Republic . . 100 415 (4) 375 (3) (X) 10Denmark . . . . . . . 100 (Z) 21 354 (3) 20 5Finland 5 . . . . . . . 100 432 (4) 39 (X) 17 13France . . . . . . . . 100 21 18 40 (Z) 10 11Germany. . . . . . . 100 2 14 56 4 9 14Greece 5 . . . . . . . 100 45 9 25 4 4 11Hungary . . . . . . . 100 4 32 350 (3) (NA) 13Iceland . . . . . . . . 100 2 36 30 11 5 16Ireland . . . . . . . . 100 23 26 630 (6) 610 11Italy . . . . . . . . . . 100 25 31 31 5 (7) 79Japan . . . . . . . . . 100 420 (4) 50 (NA) 13 18Korea, South . . . . 100 19 16 43 (X) 5 17Mexico . . . . . . . . 100 59 820 88 (X) 1 12Netherlands . . . . . 100 12 23 40 (7) (7) 724New Zealand . . . . 100 427 (4) 39 7 14 13Norway 5. . . . . . . 100 0.2 17 57 1 2 24Poland . . . . . . . . 100 422 (4) 64 3 (7) 711Portugal . . . . . . . 100 68 12 311 (3) 3 7Spain . . . . . . . . . 100 45 22 13 (NA) 6 14Sweden . . . . . . . 100 12 12 48 (9) 915 13Switzerland . . . . . 100 419 (4) 358 (3) 9 14Turkey . . . . . . . . 100 74 8 11 (X) (7) 76United Kingdom . . 100 419 (4) 57 (NA) 8 15

NA Not available. X Not applicable. Z Less than 0.5 percent. 1 This level straddles the boundary between uppersecondary and postsecondary education from an international point of view, even though it might clearly be considered uppersecondary or postsecondary in a national context. Although the content may not be significantly more advanced than uppersecondary programs, it serves to broaden the knowledge of participants who have already gained an upper secondaryqualification. 2 These programs focus on practical, technical, or occupational skills for direct entry into the labor market, althoughsome theoretical foundations may be covered. They have a minimum duration of 2 years full-time equivalent at the tertiary level.3 Postsecondary nontertiary included in upper secondary. 4 Lower secondary included in preprimary and primary education.5 Data for 1997. 6 Postsecondary nontertiary included in upper secondary and nonuniversity tertiary. 7 Included inuniversity-level. 8 Part of upper secondary included in lower secondary. 9 Postsecondary nontertiary included in nonuniversitytertiary.

Source: Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, Paris, France, Education at a Glance, annual, (copyright).

No. 1338. Participation in Job-Related Continuing Education and Trainingby Country

[Percentage of the employed population 25 to 64 years old. Data refer to all job-related education and training organized,financed, or sponsored by authorities, provided by employers, or self-financed. Job-related continuing education and training refersto all organized, systematic education and training activities in which people take part in order to obtain knowledge and/or learnnew skills for a current or a future job, to increase earnings, improve job and/or career opportunities in current or other fields, andgenerally to improve their opportunities for advancement and promotion. Data are based on International Adult Literacy Survey1994-1998 and national household surveys on adult education and training]

Country Time period Total Male Female

United States. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1999 . . . . . . 41 40 42Australia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1996-97 . . . . 47 46 50Canada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1997 . . . . . . 28 26 30Czech Republic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1998-99 . . . . 27 31 23Denmark . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1998-99 . . . . 55 52 58Finland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1995 . . . . . . 51 46 56Germany . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1997 . . . . . . 42 43 40Hungary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1998-99 . . . . 20 17 23Ireland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1995-96 . . . . 24 21 29Italy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1998-99 . . . . 25 25 25Netherlands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1994-95 . . . . 33 35 29New Zealand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1995-96 . . . . 47 46 47Norway . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1998-99 . . . . 51 49 54Poland. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1994-95 . . . . 17 16 17Switzerland. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1998-99 . . . . 37 39 35United Kingdom. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1995-96 . . . . 52 51 53

Source: Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, Paris, France, Education at a Glance, annual (copyright).



No. 1339. Gross National Product by Country: 1990 and 1999

[The complete publication including this copyright table is available from the U.S. Government Printing Office and the NationalTechnical Information Service]



No. 1340. Gross Domestic Product (GDP) by Country: 1995 to 2000

[23,898 represents $23,898,000,000,000. Except as noted, based on the System of National Accounts, 1993; for details, see source]

Country

Current price levels and exchange rates(bil. dol.)

Constant (1995) price levels and exchange rates 1

(bil. dol.)GDP per capita, 1999

based on current

1995 1997 1998 1999 2000 1995 1997 1998 1999 2000Exchange

rates PPPs 2

OECD, total. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23,898 23,675 23,865 25,125 25,528 23,898 25,372 25,962 26,713 27,709 22,507 22,658OECD Europe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,477 9,120 9,432 9,405 8,720 9,477 9,900 10,181 10,419 10,774 18,119 19,038European Union 3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,605 8,248 8,529 8,523 7,837 8,605 8,957 9,211 9,443 9,758 22,611 22,507

Australia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 376 419 374 408 392 376 408 430 449 465 21,492 25,721Austria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235 206 211 210 190 235 243 251 258 266 25,948 24,668Belgium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 276 244 250 249 227 276 289 296 304 316 24,347 24,868Canada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 579 624 598 635 689 579 614 634 663 694 20,822 26,423Czech Republic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 53 57 53 50 52 54 53 52 54 5,156 13,203Denmark. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180 169 175 176 162 180 190 196 200 206 33,124 27,098Finland. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129 122 129 129 122 129 143 151 157 166 25,046 22,743France 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,553 1,406 1,452 1,438 1,294 1,553 1,600 1,655 1,703 1,756 23,912 22,225Germany . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,458 2,114 2,151 2,112 1,873 2,458 2,512 2,563 2,603 2,680 25,729 23,840Greece. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118 121 121 125 112 118 125 128 133 138 11,848 15,154Hungary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 46 47 48 46 45 47 50 52 54 4,772 11,232Iceland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 7 8 9 9 7 8 8 8 9 31,139 26,362Ireland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 80 86 93 94 66 79 86 94 105 24,943 25,427Italy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,097 1,167 1,197 1,180 1,074 1,097 1,132 1,152 1,171 1,205 20,473 23,261Japan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,292 4,313 3,941 4,500 4,750 5,292 5,574 5,513 5,554 5,640 35,517 25,590Korea, South . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 489 477 317 406 457 489 549 512 568 618 8,666 16,024Luxembourg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 18 18 19 19 18 20 21 23 25 44,688 41,699Mexico . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 286 401 421 480 574 286 321 338 350 374 4,921 8,383Netherlands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 415 377 391 394 365 415 444 460 476 495 24,906 25,947New Zealand 5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 65 53 55 50 60 63 63 66 68 14,376 18,532Norway. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147 155 148 154 162 147 161 165 167 171 34,410 28,267Poland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127 144 159 155 158 127 144 151 157 163 4,011 8,651Portugal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107 106 112 114 105 107 116 120 124 128 11,424 16,698Slovakia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 20 21 20 19 18 21 22 22 23 3,653 10,946Spain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 584 561 586 600 559 584 622 649 675 702 15,220 18,231Sweden . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 240 239 240 241 227 240 248 257 267 277 27,256 23,038Switzerland 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 307 256 263 259 241 307 314 321 326 337 36,247 28,697Turkey 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169 190 200 185 200 169 195 201 191 205 2,809 6,338United Kingdom . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,127 1,319 1,410 1,442 1,415 1,127 1,196 1,228 1,256 1,294 24,228 22,882United States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,338 8,257 8,729 9,237 9,896 7,338 7,943 8,293 8,645 9,077 33,836 33,836

1 Based on constant (1995) price data converted to U.S. dollars using 1995 exchange rates. 2 The goods and services produced in different countries should be valued consistently if the differences observedare meant to reflect real differences in the volumes of goods and services produced. The use of purchasing power parities (PPP) instead of exchange rates is intended to achieve this objective. PPPs show how manyunits of currency are needed in one country to buy the same amount of goods and services which one unit of currency will buy in the other country. See text of this section. 3 European Union: Austria, Belgium, Denmark,Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Sweden and United Kingdom. 4 Includes overseas departments. 5 Based on System of National Accounts, 1968.

Source: Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, Paris, France, ‘‘OECD Statistics GDP’’; published July 2001; <http://www.oecd.org/std/gdp.htm> (copyright) and ‘‘GDP per capita based onexchange rates and on PPP’’; published July 2001; <http://www.oecd.org/std/gdpperca.htm> (copyright).

Com

parative

Intern

ational

Statistics8

41

U.S

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ensusB

ureau,S

tatisticalAbstract

ofthe

United

States:

2001

No. 1341. Selected International Economic Indicators by Country:1980 to 2000

[Data cover gross domestic product (GDP) at market prices. Gross fixed capital formation covers private and government sectorsexcept military. Savings data are calculated by deducting outlays—such as personal consumption expenditures, interest paid, andtransfer payments to foreigners—from disposable personal income]

Year UnitedStates France

Ger-many Italy

Nether-lands

UnitedKingdom Japan Canada

Ratio of gross fixed capital formation toGDP (current prices):1980 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19.9 23.8 22.6 25.2 22.9 18.8 31.7 23.11985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19.2 20.3 19.5 21.8 21.0 18.1 27.7 19.81990 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17.0 22.6 20.9 21.5 22.3 20.6 32.2 20.81995 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17.5 18.8 22.4 18.3 20.3 16.3 27.8 17.01998 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19.4 18.4 21.3 18.5 21.5 17.4 26.9 19.31999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20.0 19.1 21.3 19.0 22.2 17.7 26.2 19.52000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20.7 19.7 21.4 19.6 22.3 17.7 26.0 19.3

Ratio of savings to disposable personalincome:1980 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.2 15.8 14.2 25.1 7.8 11.7 17.9 15.51985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2 13.8 12.8 21.0 5.6 9.1 19.0 15.71990 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.8 13.1 14.7 18.4 11.6 7.4 13.9 12.91995 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.6 16.0 11.2 16.6 14.9 10.3 12.3 9.21998 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2 15.6 10.2 12.8 13.4 5.8 11.8 4.41999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.2 15.4 9.9 11.5 10.6 5.2 11.1 4.22000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.1 15.9 9.8 10.3 9.4 4.5 11.1 3.9

Source: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, International Trade Administration, Office of Trade and Economic Analysis, based on officialstatistics of listed countries.

No. 1342. International Economic Composite Indexes by Country:1980 to 2000

[Average annual percent change from previous year; derived from indexes with base 1990=100. The coincident index changesare for calendar years and the leading index changes are for years ending June 30 because they lead the coincident indexes byabout 6 months, on average. The G-7 countries are United States, Canada, France, Germany, Italy, United Kingdom, and Japan.Minus sign (-) indicates decrease]

Country 1980 1985 1990 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000

LEADING INDEX

Total, 13 countries . . . . . 2.9 2.9 2.7 -1.1 -0.9 3.9 6.9 -0.6 3.0 2.2 -0.4 6.212 countries, excludingU.S. . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.7 5.5 4.4 -3.2 -3.3 3.7 6.1 -0.7 1.5 0.5 -1.6 5.3

G-7 countries . . . . . . . 2.9 2.0 2.6 -1.6 -1.4 3.5 7.3 -0.6 3.2 2.4 -0.5 6.2North America . . . . . . . . . . . -2.7 -0.4 -0.5 2.3 3.2 4.5 8.3 -0.4 5.1 4.5 1.1 7.4

United States . . . . . . . . . . -3.1 -0.7 -0.4 2.6 3.1 4.2 8.2 -0.4 5.1 4.5 1.1 7.3Canada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.0 3.2 -2.6 -1.1 4.5 8.5 10.0 -0.9 5.3 4.6 0.7 9.4

Four European countries . . . . 3.1 2.8 1.5 0.3 -1.3 4.1 6.2 -2.3 0.1 5.4 -0.1 1.6France. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.2 0.8 -1.0 2.7 -0.3 4.7 3.5 -3.4 1.3 3.1 -1.4 -2.0Germany . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.0 2.1 4.4 -1.1 -4.5 2.0 8.8 -3.5 1.7 7.3 1.3 1.9Italy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.1 6.5 1.0 -0.9 -1.0 7.1 9.9 -0.9 -4.4 10.9 -0.6 5.6United Kingdom. . . . . . . . . 2.5 3.5 0.4 0.8 2.8 4.1 2.3 - 0.1 0.3 -0.5 1.6

Seven Pacific region countries. 16.3 9.4 8.0 -6.6 -6.0 2.9 5.5 1.0 2.6 -5.3 -3.7 9.1Australia . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.7 7.6 0.3 4.9 5.9 7.1 11.3 6.0 3.1 5.9 7.6 7.6Taiwan 1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.6 5.6 6.1 8.4 4.0 8.1 3.1 -1.6 4.2 3.8 - 4.1Thailand. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.0 7.1 14.4 7.5 9.2 12.0 5.7 2.0 -3.3 -6.0 -1.6 5.9Japan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19.8 10.3 8.7 -9.7 -9.3 0.6 6.5 1.5 3.5 -6.9 -5.4 10.6Korea, South . . . . . . . . . . 0.4 6.9 7.1 7.0 6.3 13.1 3.1 -0.7 -2.2 -5.3 1.8 8.5Malaysia . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.9 -1.0 2.0 -1.2 0.7 7.6 1.5 0.2 0.9 -1.0 -1.1 3.8New Zealand . . . . . . . . . . 2.3 6.0 1.8 3.5 4.5 2.7 0.9 - 2.3 1.2 0.1 7.0

COINCIDENT INDEX

Total, 13 countries . . . . . - 3.5 4.0 0.3 -0.9 2.6 5.4 5.5 6.2 4.6 8.1 7.412 countries, excludingU.S. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.9 3.4 6.5 -0.4 -2.6 1.5 4.6 5.3 4.8 2.2 8.8 7.5

G-7 countries . . . . . . . -0.2 3.4 3.9 - -1.3 2.2 5.2 5.7 6.3 5.2 8.3 7.4North America . . . . . . . . . . . -2.5 3.7 - 1.2 2.1 4.7 8.2 9.5 9.8 7.7 12.0 6.6

United States . . . . . . . . . . -2.9 3.5 - 1.4 2.1 4.7 6.7 6.1 8.4 8.5 7.3 7.4Canada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.2 6.3 -0.1 -0.2 1.9 5.1 13.3 20.3 13.9 5.5 24.7 4.9

Four European countries . . . . 0.6 2.3 5.4 -1.6 -5.2 1.3 4.2 1.4 4.1 9.1 9.3 13.9France. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -2.3 -1.6 6.0 -2.6 -8.6 1.0 9.0 2.7 7.9 15.8 16.8 21.3Germany . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.9 3.1 7.3 -0.7 -4.0 1.0 3.9 -1.2 0.5 8.0 7.8 12.3Italy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.9 4.1 6.4 -0.9 -8.4 -1.2 -1.5 3.5 5.4 7.1 9.3 16.8United Kingdom. . . . . . . . . -2.1 4.1 0.9 -2.7 - 4.3 3.0 2.8 5.0 3.5 0.9 1.9

Seven Pacific region countries. 3.5 4.3 8.4 0.7 -0.6 1.3 2.0 2.8 1.3 -5.3 -0.8 2.3Australia . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2 7.2 0.6 -2.0 1.3 9.2 8.8 3.8 4.3 6.7 8.0 6.4Taiwan 1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.5 3.2 5.2 8.4 6.9 7.1 2.6 0.2 4.6 3.0 2.6 3.9Thailand. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2 3.3 13.0 7.1 11.8 10.2 4.5 1.6 -6.2 -12.3 6.7 3.8Japan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.0 4.4 9.1 -0.1 -2.2 -1.0 0.5 2.3 0.7 -5.4 -3.7 -0.1Korea, South . . . . . . . . . . -7.1 6.7 11.5 5.0 4.5 11.5 7.8 6.4 3.0 -16.9 12.4 14.9Malaysia . . . . . . . . . . . . . -2.7 -8.2 -0.3 3.1 4.7 4.8 10.7 8.5 6.1 -5.1 5.7 10.8New Zealand . . . . . . . . . . 1.4 1.3 0.6 0.8 3.3 5.4 10.6 10.3 5.5 0.6 8.4 4.6

- Represents or rounds to zero. 1 See footnote 2, Table 1327.

Source: Foundation for International Business and Economic Research, New York, NY, International Economic Indicators,monthly.



No. 1343. Index of Industrial Production by Country: 1980 to 1999

[Industrial production index measures output in the manufacturing, mining, and electric, gas and water utilities industries. Minussign (-) indicates decrease]

CountryIndex (1995=100) Annual percent change

1980 1985 1990 1994 1996 1997 1998 19991994-

951995-

961996-

971997-

981998-

99

OECD, total. . . . . (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) 103.0 108.2 110.6 114.3 (NA) 3.0 5.0 2.2 3.3Australia . . . . . . . . . 70.1 77.8 92.9 99.5 103.8 105.5 107.7 111.4 0.5 3.8 1.6 2.1 3.4Austria . . . . . . . . . . 70.2 76.6 92.3 95.3 101.0 107.0 116.2 123.2 4.9 1.0 5.9 8.6 6.0Belgium . . . . . . . . . 83.4 86.8 99.3 93.9 100.5 105.2 108.8 109.7 6.5 0.5 4.7 3.4 0.8Canada 1 . . . . . . . . 71.8 83.0 88.4 95.7 101.7 107.3 108.3 113.2 4.5 1.7 5.5 0.9 4.5Czech Republic . . . . (X) (X) 144.9 100.7 102.0 106.5 108.3 104.8 -0.7 2.0 4.4 1.7 -3.2Denmark. . . . . . . . . 63.0 77.0 86.0 96.0 102.0 108.0 110.0 113.0 4.2 2.0 5.9 1.9 2.7Finland. . . . . . . . . . 66.4 76.7 86.9 94.1 103.7 113.3 122.5 129.1 6.3 3.7 9.3 8.1 5.4France . . . . . . . . . . 89.5 89.5 100.4 98.0 100.2 104.1 110.0 112.2 2.0 0.2 3.9 5.7 2.0Germany . . . . . . . . 85.6 88.3 103.2 98.8 100.6 104.1 108.5 110.2 1.2 0.6 3.5 4.2 1.6Greece. . . . . . . . . . 92.6 99.2 101.9 98.2 101.2 102.5 109.8 114.1 1.8 1.2 1.3 7.1 3.9Hungary . . . . . . . . . 116.7 128.1 113.8 95.5 103.3 114.8 129.1 142.4 4.7 3.3 11.1 12.5 10.3Ireland . . . . . . . . . . 34.2 43.9 63.2 84.1 108.0 124.5 142.3 157.2 18.9 8.0 15.3 14.3 10.5Italy . . . . . . . . . . . . 77.2 73.9 93.2 95.2 98.1 101.8 102.9 102.9 5.0 -1.9 3.8 1.1 0.0Japan . . . . . . . . . . 69.9 82.8 103.2 96.8 102.3 106.0 99.0 99.8 3.3 2.3 3.6 -6.6 0.8Korea, South . . . . . . 22.0 36.2 66.4 89.3 108.7 114.5 106.2 131.9 12.0 8.7 5.3 -7.2 24.2Luxembourg . . . . . . 71.0 79.8 97.1 98.0 100.1 105.9 105.8 118.0 2.0 0.1 5.8 -0.1 11.5Mexico . . . . . . . . . . 80.3 85.0 95.7 108.5 110.1 120.3 127.9 132.7 -7.8 10.1 9.3 6.3 3.8Netherlands . . . . . . 78.7 83.1 90.6 95.4 103.8 106.5 105.1 107.4 4.8 3.8 2.6 -1.3 2.2New Zealand. . . . . . 74.0 85.0 87.0 96.0 103.0 105.0 105.0 105.0 4.2 3.0 1.9 - -Norway. . . . . . . . . . 50.6 61.5 78.6 94.4 105.4 109.0 108.4 108.1 5.9 5.4 3.4 -0.6 -0.3Poland . . . . . . . . . . (X) 107.3 87.7 90.4 109.4 121.7 127.4 133.5 10.6 9.4 11.2 4.7 4.8Portugal . . . . . . . . . 62.1 71.7 97.0 89.6 105.3 108.0 114.1 117.6 11.6 5.3 2.6 5.6 3.1Spain . . . . . . . . . . . 80.1 82.7 96.6 95.4 98.7 105.6 111.4 114.3 4.8 -1.3 7.0 5.5 2.6Sweden 2 . . . . . . . . 73.0 80.5 88.0 91.1 101.0 107.6 112.1 115.5 9.8 1.0 6.5 4.2 3.0Switzerland . . . . . . . 77.0 80.0 96.0 98.0 100.0 105.0 108.0 112.0 2.0 - 5.0 2.9 3.7Turkey . . . . . . . . . . 38.2 57.2 81.3 88.7 107.5 119.0 120.5 116.0 12.7 7.5 10.7 1.3 -3.7United Kingdom . . . . 76.8 83.0 94.1 98.2 101.0 102.1 102.8 103.4 1.8 1.0 1.1 0.7 0.6United States . . . . . 69.6 76.9 86.4 95.3 104.5 110.8 117.2 122.1 4.9 4.5 6.0 5.8 4.2

- Represents or rounds to zero. NA Not available. X Not applicable. 1 Gross domestic product in industry at factor costand 1986 prices. 2 Mining and manufacturing.

Source: Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, Paris, France, Main Economic Indicators, monthly(copyright).

No. 1344. Labor Productivity and Hours Worked by Country: 1990 to 2000

[Annual percent change for period shown. Data are derived from an annual database supported by the source. The GroningenGrowth and Development Centre at the University of Groningen, Netherlands, maintains the database. For OECD countries andEastern Europe, estimates are based on gross domestic product per hour worked, converted at purchasing power parities for 1996.Hence, estimates expressed in U.S. dollars at the price level of 1996 are corrected for differences in relative price levels. Minussign (-) indicates decrease]

CountryLabor productivity Total hours worked

1990-1995 1995-2000 1990-1995 1995-2000

OECD, total. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.7 2.0 0.2 1.1OECD, excl. United States. . . . . . . . . . . . 1.9 1.6 -0.2 1.0European Union 1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.4 1.2 -1.0 1.3

Australia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.4 2.2 1.0 1.8Austria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.3 2.3 1.7 0.3Belgium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.2 1.8 -0.9 0.9Canada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.2 1.3 0.3 2.1Czech Republic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.8 1.7 -0.4 -0.7Denmark. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.2 1.8 -0.7 1.0Finland. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.9 2.3 -3.4 2.5France . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.4 1.4 -0.4 1.3Germany . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.2 1.7 -1.6 0.4Greece. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.0 2.3 0.2 1.0Hungary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.0 3.0 -5.2 1.1Ireland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.4 4.0 1.7 5.5Italy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.7 0.6 -1.6 0.9Japan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.8 1.8 -0.4 -1.0Mexico . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -1.1 2.3 2.7 3.1Netherlands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.0 1.4 1.1 2.4New Zealand. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.9 0.8 2.1 1.5Norway. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.4 1.3 0.3 1.7Poland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.9 5.0 -2.6 0.4Portugal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1 1.1 -1.3 2.2South Korea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.2 2.3 2.2 0.6Spain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.5 -0.3 -1.2 3.9Sweden . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.6 1.8 -1.1 0.9Switzerland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.8 1.8 -0.8 -0.1Turkey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.6 2.1 1.6 1.6United Kingdom . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.4 1.5 -1.0 1.1United States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.8 2.6 1.3 1.6

1 For countries, see text of this section.

Source: The Conference Board, New York, NY, Performance 2000: Productivity, Employment, and Income in the World’sEconomies, by Robert H. McGuckin and Bart van Ark, 2001 (copyright).



No. 1345. Annual Percent Change in Consumer Prices by Country:1995 to 2000

[Change from previous year. See text of this section for general comments concerning the data. For additional qualifications of thedata for individual countries, see source. Minus sign (-) indicates decrease]

Country 1995 1997 1998 1999 2000

United States . . . . . . . . 2.8 2.3 1.6 2.2 3.4Argentina . . . . . . . . . . . 3.4 0.5 0.9 -1.2 -0.9Australia . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.6 0.3 0.9 1.5 4.5Bangladesh . . . . . . . . . . 5.8 5.2 8.3 6.2 2.3Belgium . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.5 1.6 1.0 1.1 2.5Brazil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66.0 6.9 3.2 4.9 7.0Canada. . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.2 1.6 1.0 1.7 2.7Colombia. . . . . . . . . . . . 21.0 18.9 20.4 11.2 9.5Egypt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.7 4.6 4.2 3.1 2.7France . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.8 1.2 0.7 0.5 1.7Germany. . . . . . . . . . . . 1.8 1.9 0.9 0.6 1.9Greece . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.9 5.5 4.8 2.6 3.2India. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.2 7.2 13.2 4.7 4.0Indonesia . . . . . . . . . . . 9.4 6.7 57.6 20.5 3.7Iran . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49.6 17.3 17.9 20.1 14.5Israel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.0 9.0 5.4 5.2 1.1Italy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.2 2.0 2.0 1.7 2.5Japan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.1 1.7 0.6 -0.3 -0.6

Country 1995 1997 1998 1999 2000

Kenya. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.8 12.0 5.8 2.6 5.9Korea, South . . . . . . . . . 4.5 4.4 7.5 0.8 2.3Malaysia . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.3 2.7 5.3 2.7 1.5Mexico . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35.0 20.6 15.9 16.6 9.5Netherlands . . . . . . . . . . 1.9 2.2 2.0 2.2 2.5Nigeria . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72.8 8.2 10.3 6.6 6.9Norway . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.5 2.6 2.3 2.3 3.1Pakistan . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.3 11.4 6.2 4.1 4.4Philippines. . . . . . . . . . . 8.0 5.8 9.7 6.7 4.4Russia . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197.4 14.7 27.7 85.7 20.8South Africa. . . . . . . . . . 8.6 8.6 6.9 5.2 (NA)Spain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.7 2.0 1.8 2.3 3.4Sweden . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.5 0.5 -0.1 0.5 1.0Switzerland . . . . . . . . . . 1.8 0.5 0.1 0.7 1.6Thailand . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.8 5.6 8.1 0.3 1.5Turkey . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88.1 85.7 84.6 64.9 54.9United Kingdom . . . . . . . 3.4 3.1 3.4 1.6 2.9Venezuela . . . . . . . . . . . 59.9 50.0 35.8 23.6 16.2

NA Not available.

Source: International Monetary Fund, Washington, DC, International Financial Statistics, monthly (copyright).

No. 1346. Comparative Price Levels—Selected OECD Countries: 2001

[As of May. Example of data: An item that costs $1.00 in the United States would cost $1.38 (U.S. dollars) in Japan]

Country

UnitedStates

(U.S.dollar)

Canada(Cana-

diandollar)

Mexico(new

peso)Japan(yen)

France(franc)

Germany(Deut-

schemark)

Italy(lire)

UnitedKingdom(pound)

United States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 126 124 72 115 111 133 99Australia 1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 92 91 53 84 82 97 73Austria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 113 111 65 103 100 119 88Belgium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 106 104 61 97 94 112 83Canada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 100 98 57 91 88 105 78Czech Republic . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 49 48 28 44 43 51 38Denmark. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107 135 133 77 123 120 142 106Finland. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102 128 126 73 117 113 135 101France . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 110 108 63 100 97 116 86Germany . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90 113 111 65 103 100 119 89Greece. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 86 85 49 78 76 91 67Hungary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 52 51 30 47 46 55 41Iceland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 126 124 72 115 112 133 99Ireland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 112 110 64 102 99 117 88Italy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 95 93 54 86 84 100 74Japan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138 175 172 100 159 154 184 137Korea, South . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 69 68 40 63 61 73 54Luxembourg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 110 108 63 100 97 116 86Mexico . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 102 100 58 92 90 107 80Netherlands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 105 104 60 96 93 111 83New Zealand 1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 82 80 47 74 72 86 64Norway. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116 147 144 84 133 130 154 115Poland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 72 71 41 65 63 76 56Portugal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 80 79 46 73 71 84 63Slovakia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 40 39 23 36 35 42 31Spain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 93 91 53 84 82 98 73Sweden . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98 123 121 70 112 109 129 96Switzerland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115 145 143 83 132 128 153 114Turkey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 54 53 31 49 48 57 42United Kingdom . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101 128 125 73 116 113 134 100

1 Estimates based on quarterly consumer prices.

Source: Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, Paris, France, Main Economic Indicators, August 2001(copyright).



No. 1347. Gross Public Debt, Expenditures, and Receipts by Country:1990 to 2000

[Percent of nominal gross domestic product. 2000 data estimated. Expenditures cover current outlays plus net capital outlays.Receipts cover current receipts but exclude capital receipts. Nontax current receipts include operating surpluses of public enter-prises, property income, fees, charges, fines, etc]

CountryGross debt Expenditures Receipts

1990 1995 2000 1990 1995 2000 1990 1995 2000

United States 1 . . . . . . . 66.6 74.5 59.5 33.6 32.9 29.3 29.3 29.8 31.6Australia . . . . . . . . . . . . 22.6 42.9 25.4 33.0 35.4 31.4 31.8 31.7 32.3Austria . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56.9 69.1 64.1 48.5 52.4 48.8 46.1 47.3 47.2Belgium . . . . . . . . . . . . 124.9 129.8 110.7 50.8 50.3 46.7 44.1 46.0 46.6Canada 2 . . . . . . . . . . . 93.3 120.6 105.9 46.0 45.3 37.8 40.1 40.0 40.3Czech Republic . . . . . . . (X) (NA) (NA) (X) (NA) 47.6 (X) (NA) 39.9Denmark. . . . . . . . . . . . 65.8 73.9 50.4 53.6 56.6 51.3 52.5 54.3 54.0Finland. . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.3 57.2 43.5 44.4 54.3 44.8 49.6 50.6 48.8France . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39.5 59.3 64.6 49.6 53.6 51.2 47.4 48.0 49.8Germany 3 . . . . . . . . . . 42.0 57.1 59.6 43.8 46.3 43.0 41.8 43.0 44.4Greece. . . . . . . . . . . . . 89.0 108.7 102.7 47.8 46.6 43.7 31.7 36.4 42.7Hungary . . . . . . . . . . . . (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) 51.2 43.8 (NA) 43.6 39.4Iceland . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36.7 60.1 39.5 39.0 39.2 38.0 35.8 36.2 40.9Ireland . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92.4 80.0 37.3 39.5 37.6 27.7 36.7 35.4 33.2Italy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103.7 123.1 112.0 53.1 52.3 46.7 42.1 44.7 46.6Japan 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . 61.5 76.2 112.3 31.3 35.6 38.2 34.2 32.0 32.2Korea, South . . . . . . . . . 8.2 6.3 10.8 18.3 19.3 23.4 21.8 23.5 27.4Netherlands . . . . . . . . . 75.6 75.5 57.4 49.4 47.7 41.5 43.7 43.6 43.1New Zealand. . . . . . . . . (NA) (NA) (NA) 48.8 38.8 40.8 44.0 41.9 41.2Norway. . . . . . . . . . . . . 29.5 35.4 26.1 49.7 47.6 40.6 52.3 51.1 54.7Portugal . . . . . . . . . . . . (NA) 64.2 55.9 (NA) 41.2 42.1 (NA) 36.6 40.5Spain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48.5 71.7 69.7 41.4 44.0 38.5 37.2 37.4 38.2Sweden . . . . . . . . . . . . 42.7 76.9 56.2 55.8 62.1 53.9 59.8 54.2 57.3United Kingdom . . . . . . . 44.5 61.1 53.5 41.9 44.4 38.4 40.4 38.6 41.2

NA Not available. X Not applicable. 1 Includes funded part of central government employee pension liabilities amountingto 8.3 percent of GDP in 1999. Expenditures data includes outlays net of surpluses of public enterprises. Receipts exclude theoperating surpluses of public enterprises. 2 Includes funded government employee pension liabilities amounting to 19 percentof GDP in 1999. This overstates the Canadian debt position relative to countries that have large unfunded liabilities for suchpensions which are not counted in those countries’ debt figures. 3 Debt data include accounts of the Inherited Debt Fund from1995 on. The 1995 outlays are net of the debt taken on this year from the Inherited Debt funds. 4 Debt data include debt of theJapan Railway Settlement Corporation and the National Forest Special Account from 1998 on. The 1998 expenditures would haverisen by 5.4 percentage points of GDP if account were taken of the assumption by the central government of the debt of these twoentities.

Source: Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, Paris, France, OECD Economic Outlook, December 2000(copyright).

No. 1348. Percent Distribution of Tax Receipts by Country: 1980 to 1998

Country

Total 1

Income and profitstaxes 2

Social securitycontributions

Taxes on goods andservices 5

Total 3Indi-

vidualCorpo-

rate Total 4Employ-

eesEmploy-

ers Total 3

Generalcon-

sump-tion

taxes 6

Taxes onspecificgoods,

services 7

United States: 1980 . . . . 100.0 49.8 39.1 10.8 21.9 9.2 11.9 17.6 7.0 8.31990 . . . . 100.0 45.4 37.7 7.7 25.9 11.0 13.4 17.3 8.0 7.11998 . . . . 100.0 49.5 40.5 9.0 23.7 10.2 12.2 16.2 7.6 6.5

Canada: 1980 . . . . . . . . 100.0 46.6 34.1 11.6 10.5 3.7 6.6 32.6 11.5 13.01990 . . . . . . . . 100.0 48.3 40.7 7.0 12.1 4.3 7.5 26.7 14.1 10.51998 . . . . . . . . 100.0 48.5 37.8 10.0 13.7 5.3 8.1 24.7 14.0 9.1

France: 1980. . . . . . . . . 100.0 16.8 11.6 5.1 42.7 11.1 28.4 30.4 21.1 8.41990 . . . . . . . . . 100.0 16.1 10.7 5.3 44.1 13.2 27.2 28.4 18.8 8.71998 . . . . . . . . . 100.0 23.3 17.4 5.9 36.2 8.7 25.2 26.6 17.5 8.4

Germany: 1980 8 . . . . . . 100.0 35.1 29.6 5.5 34.3 15.3 18.4 27.1 16.6 9.31990 . . . . . . . 100.0 32.4 27.6 4.8 37.5 16.2 19.1 26.7 16.6 9.21998 . . . . . . . 100.0 29.4 25.0 4.4 40.4 17.9 19.9 27.4 17.9 8.4

Italy: 1980. . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 31.1 23.1 7.8 38.0 6.9 28.4 26.5 15.6 9.71990 . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 36.5 26.3 10.0 32.9 6.3 23.6 28.0 14.7 10.61998 . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 32.6 25.0 7.0 29.4 6.3 20.5 27.4 14.2 10.2

Japan: 1980 . . . . . . . . . 100.0 46.1 24.3 21.8 29.1 10.2 14.8 16.3 - 14.11990 . . . . . . . . . 100.0 48.5 26.8 21.6 29.0 11.0 15.0 13.2 4.3 7.31998 . . . . . . . . . 100.0 32.1 18.8 13.3 38.4 15.0 19.6 18.8 8.9 7.7

Netherlands: 1980 . . . . . 100.0 32.8 26.3 6.6 38.1 15.7 17.8 25.2 15.8 7.31990 . . . . . 100.0 32.2 24.7 7.5 37.4 23.1 7.5 26.4 16.5 7.51998 . . . . . 100.0 25.8 15.2 10.6 39.9 - 12.3 27.7 16.9 8.4

Sweden: 1980 . . . . . . . . 100.0 43.5 41.0 2.5 28.8 0.1 27.6 24.0 13.4 9.21990 . . . . . . . . 100.0 41.6 38.5 3.1 27.2 0.1 26.0 25.0 14.9 9.21998 . . . . . . . . 100.0 40.7 35.0 5.7 28.7 5.8 22.5 21.6 13.6 7.3

United Kingdom: 1980. . . 100.0 37.8 29.4 8.4 16.7 6.4 10.1 29.1 14.7 13.31990 . . 100.0 39.5 27.9 11.6 17.2 6.6 10.0 31.1 17.0 12.71998 . . 100.0 38.4 27.5 11.0 17.6 7.3 9.4 32.6 18.1 12.8

- Represents zero. 1 Includes property taxes, employer payroll taxes other than Social Security contributions, andmiscellaneous taxes, not shown separately. 2 Includes taxes on capital gains. 3 Includes other taxes not shown separately.4 Includes contributions of self-employed not shown separately. 5 Taxes on the production, sales, transfer, leasing, and deliveryof goods and services and rendering of services. 6 Primary value-added and sales taxes. 7 For example, excise taxes onalcohol, tobacco, and gasoline. 8 Data are for former West Germany.

Source: Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, Paris, France, Revenue Statistics of OECD MemberCountries, annual (copyright).



No. 1349. Income Tax and Social Security Contributions as Percent of LaborCosts: 1998

[Data are for single individual at the income level of the average production worker]

Country Laborcosts 1

(dol.)

Percent of labor costs

Total Income tax

Social security contributions

Employee Employer 2

Belgium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40,995 57 22 10 26Germany . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35,863 52 17 17 17Switzerland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32,535 30 9 10 10Italy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32,351 47 14 7 26Netherlands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32,271 44 6 23 14Denmark. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32,214 44 34 10 1Canada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32,211 32 20 5 6Norway. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31,638 37 19 7 11United States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31,300 31 17 7 7Luxembourg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31,102 34 10 11 12Austria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29,823 46 8 14 24Sweden . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29,768 51 21 5 25Australia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29,590 25 24 2 -Finland. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29,334 49 22 6 21United Kingdom . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29,277 32 15 8 9France . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28,198 48 10 9 28

Japan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27,664 20 6 7 7Ireland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24,667 33 18 5 11Spain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24,454 39 11 5 24New Zealand. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24,332 20 20 - -Korea, South . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22,962 15 1 4 9Iceland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22,545 25 20 - 4Greece. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,880 36 2 12 22Turkey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,825 40 21 8 11Czech Republic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,781 43 8 9 26Portugal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,903 34 6 9 19Poland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,696 43 11 - 33Hungary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,916 52 12 8 32Mexico . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,662 22 - 2 20

- Represents or rounds to zero. 1 Adjusted for purchasing power parities, see text of this section. Labor costs include grosswages plus employers compulsory social security contributions. 2 Includes reported payroll taxes.

Source: Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, Paris, France, Taxing Wages, 1998-1999, 2000(copyright).

No. 1350. Patents by Country: 1999

[Includes only U.S. patents granted to residents of areas outside of the United States and its territories]

Country Total 1 Inventions Designs

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . 75,054 69,582 5,078

Japan . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32,513 31,105 1,310Germany. . . . . . . . . . . 9,896 9,338 485Taiwan 2 . . . . . . . . . . . 4,526 3,693 833France . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,097 3,820 253United Kingdom . . . . . . 3,900 3,572 300Korea, South . . . . . . . . 3,679 3,562 109Canada. . . . . . . . . . . . 3,678 3,226 438Italy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,686 1,492 179

Country Total 1 Inventions Designs

Sweden . . . . . . . . . . . 1,542 1,401 136Netherlands . . . . . . . . . 1,396 1,247 80Switzerland . . . . . . . . . 1,391 1,280 110Australia . . . . . . . . . . . 832 707 113Israel . . . . . . . . . . . . . 792 743 42Belgium . . . . . . . . . . . 717 648 64Finland . . . . . . . . . . . . 695 649 45Denmark . . . . . . . . . . . 588 487 86Austria . . . . . . . . . . . . 505 479 25Other countries . . . . . . 2,621 2,133 470

1 Includes patents for botanical plants and reissues, not shown separately. 2 See footnote 2, Table 1327.

Source: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, Technology Assessment and Forecast Database.



No. 1351. Civilian Labor Force, Employment, and Unemployment by Country:1980 to 2000

[106.9 represents 106,900,000. Data based on U.S. labor force definitions (see source) except that minimum age for populationbase varies as follows: United States, Canada, France, Sweden, and United Kingdom, 16 years; Australia, Japan, Netherlands,Germany, and Italy (beginning 1995), 15 years; and Italy (1980 and 1990) 14 years]

Year UnitedStates Canada

Austra-lia Japan France

Ger-many 1 Italy

Nether-lands

Swe-den

UnitedKing-dom

Civilian labor force (mil.):1980 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106.9 11.7 6.7 55.7 22.9 27.3 21.1 5.9 4.3 26.51990 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2125.8 14.0 8.4 63.1 24.3 29.4 222.7 26.6 24.6 28.71995 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2132.3 14.5 9.0 66.0 224.8 239.1 222.5 7.2 4.5 28.51998 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2137.7 15.2 9.3 67.2 25.5 39.5 23.0 7.7 4.4 28.91999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2139.4 15.5 9.5 67.1 25.9 39.6 23.1 7.8 4.4 329.12000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2140.9 15.7 9.7 367.0 (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA)

Labor force participation rate: 4

1980 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.8 64.9 62.1 62.6 57.5 54.7 48.2 55.4 66.9 62.51990 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 266.5 67.3 64.6 62.6 55.9 55.3 247.2 256.1 267.4 64.11995 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 266.6 64.9 64.6 62.9 255.3 257.3 247.1 58.9 64.1 62.71998 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267.1 65.4 64.4 62.8 55.7 57.7 47.6 61.4 62.8 62.71999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267.1 65.8 64.2 62.4 56.0 57.9 47.8 61.5 363.2 362.92000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267.2 65.9 64.7 362.0 (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA)

Civilian employment (mil.):1980 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99.3 10.9 6.3 54.6 21.4 26.5 20.2 5.5 4.2 24.71990 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2118.8 13.0 7.9 61.7 22.1 28.0 221.1 26.2 24.5 26.71995 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2124.9 13.3 8.2 63.9 21.9 235.9 219.8 6.7 4.1 26.01998 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2131.5 14.1 8.6 64.5 22.5 35.8 20.2 7.4 4.0 27.11999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2133.5 14.5 8.8 63.9 23.0 36.2 20.5 7.5 4.1 327.32000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2135.2 14.8 9.0 363.8 (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA)

Employment-population ratio: 5

1980 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59.2 60.2 58.3 61.3 53.8 53.1 46.1 52.1 65.6 58.11990 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262.8 62.2 60.1 61.3 50.9 52.6 243.9 252.6 266.1 59.61995 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262.9 59.4 59.1 60.9 48.8 252.6 241.5 54.9 58.3 57.21998 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 264.1 60.4 59.2 60.2 49.1 52.3 41.9 58.9 57.6 58.71999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 264.3 61.3 59.6 59.4 49.8 52.8 42.3 59.4 358.7 359.12000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 264.5 62.1 60.4 359.0 (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA)

Unemployment rate:1980 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.1 7.2 6.1 2.0 6.5 2.8 4.4 6.0 2.0 7.01990 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25.6 7.7 6.9 2.1 9.1 5.0 27.0 26.2 21.8 6.91995 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25.6 8.5 8.5 3.2 211.8 28.2 211.8 7.1 9.1 8.71998 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24.5 7.5 8.0 4.1 11.8 9.3 12.0 4.0 8.4 6.31999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24.2 6.8 7.2 4.7 11.2 8.7 11.5 3.4 7.1 36.12000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24.0 5.8 6.6 34.8 39.7 38.3 310.7 (NA) 35.9 (NA)

Under 25 years old . . . . . . 9.3 11.2 12.6 39.3 (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA)Teenagers 6 . . . . . . . . . 13.1 14.8 17.0 312.3 (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA)20 to 24 years old . . . . . 7.1 9.1 9.5 38.6 (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA)

25 years old and over . . . . 3.0 4.8 5.1 34.2 (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA)

NA Not available. 1 Data for 1980 and 1990 are for former West Germany (prior to unification); data for other years are forunified Germany. 2 Break in series. Data not comparable with prior years. 3 Preliminary. 4 Civilian labor force as a percentof the civilian working age population. Germany and Japan include the institutionalized population as part of the working agepopulation. 5 Civilian employment as a percent of the civilian working age population. Germany and Japan include theinstitutionalized population as part of the working age population. 6 16 to 19 years old in the United States, Canada; 15 to 19years old in Australia and Japan.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Comparative Civilian Labor Force Statistics, Ten Countries, 1959-2000, March 2001,and Monthly Labor Review.

No. 1352. Percent of Persons 15 to 24 Years Old Not in Education or at Workby Age Group and Sex: 1999

[Represents those person not in education and either unemployed or not in the labor force]

Country15 to 19 years old 20 to 24 years old

Total Male Female Total Male Female

Australia . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.4 7.3 7.5 14.5 10.9 18.3Belgium . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.0 7.5 6.4 15.9 14.7 17.1Canada . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.9 7.7 6.0 11.7 10.8 12.7Czech Republic . . . . . . . 20.9 21.8 20.0 20.6 12.5 29.0Denmark. . . . . . . . . . . . 3.4 4.2 2.6 7.6 6.1 8.9Finland. . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.7 12.2 5.2 16.9 17.8 15.9France . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3 3.5 3.1 17.5 15.9 19.1Germany . . . . . . . . . . . 4.5 4.2 4.9 16.7 14.5 19.0Greece. . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.1 8.0 12.1 25.7 17.1 33.5Hungary . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.2 9.7 10.8 21.4 16.8 26.1Italy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.8 14.1 15.6 29.9 27.4 32.4Luxembourg . . . . . . . . . 5.0 3.6 6.3 9.6 6.9 12.5Mexico . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17.9 6.2 29.3 26.2 5.1 45.5Netherlands . . . . . . . . . 3.8 3.6 4.0 8.0 5.7 10.4Poland . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.6 5.2 3.9 27.2 23.4 30.8Portugal . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.4 6.9 9.8 12.3 8.8 15.7Spain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.8 15.6 12.0 18.8 17.3 20.5Sweden . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.8 6.3 3.3 11.4 11.7 11.1Switzerland . . . . . . . . . . 16.0 8.0 7.1 8.4 7.4 9.4United States 2 . . . . . . . 7.3 6.5 8.2 14.4 9.7 19.0

1 Represents only those not in education and not in labor force. 2 Data for 1998.

Source: Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, Paris, France, Education at a Glance 2001 (copyright).



No. 1353. Unemployment Rates by Country: 1995 to 2000

[Annual averages. The standardized unemployment rates shown here are calculated as the number of unemployed persons asa percentage of the civilian labor force. The unemployed are persons of working age who, in the reference period, are without work,available for work and have taken specific steps to find work]

Country 1995 1998 1999 2000

OECD, total . . . . . 7.5 7.1 6.8 6.4European Union 1 . . 10.7 9.9 9.1 8.2

United States . . . . . 5.6 4.5 4.2 4.0Australia . . . . . . . . 8.6 7.7 7.0 6.3Austria . . . . . . . . . 3.9 4.5 4.0 3.7Belgium . . . . . . . . 9.9 9.5 8.8 7.0Canada. . . . . . . . . 9.5 8.3 7.6 6.8Czech Republic . . . (NA) 6.5 8.8 8.9Denmark . . . . . . . . 7.2 5.2 5.2 4.7Finland . . . . . . . . . 16.2 11.4 10.2 9.7France . . . . . . . . . 11.7 11.8 11.2 9.5Germany. . . . . . . . 8.2 9.3 8.6 7.9Hungary . . . . . . . . (NA) 8.0 7.1 6.5

Country 1995 1998 1999 2000

Ireland . . . . . . . . . 12.3 7.5 5.6 4.2Italy . . . . . . . . . . . 11.9 11.8 11.4 10.5Japan . . . . . . . . . . 3.1 4.1 4.7 4.7Korea, South . . . . . (NA) (NA) (NA) 4.3Luxembourg . . . . . 2.9 2.7 2.4 2.4Netherlands . . . . . . 6.9 4.0 3.4 2.9New Zealand . . . . . 6.3 7.5 6.8 6.0Norway . . . . . . . . . 5.0 3.3 3.2 3.5Poland . . . . . . . . . (NA) 10.6 (NA) 16.1Portugal . . . . . . . . 7.3 5.2 4.5 4.1Spain . . . . . . . . . . 22.9 18.8 15.9 14.1Sweden . . . . . . . . 8.8 8.3 7.2 5.9Switzerland . . . . . . 3.5 3.5 3.0 (NA)United Kingdom . . . 8.7 6.3 6.1 5.5

NA Not available. 1 See footnote 3, Table 1340.

Source: Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, Paris, France, Main Economic Indicators, September2001 and earlier releases.

No. 1354. Female Labor Force Participation Rates by Country: 1980 to 1999

[In percent. Female labor force of all ages divided by female population 15-64 years old]

Country 1980 1990 1995 1999

Australia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52.7 62.9 64.8 64.4Austria. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48.7 55.4 62.3 62.2Belgium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47.0 52.4 56.1 57.8Canada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57.8 67.8 67.6 69.6Czech Republic. . . . . . . . . . (X) 69.1 165.4 64.9Denmark . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (NA) 78.5 73.6 75.8Finland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70.1 72.9 70.3 71.3France. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54.4 57.6 59.4 60.8Germany 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52.8 57.4 61.7 62.8Greece . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33.0 43.6 45.9 49.0Hungary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (NA) (NA) 50.5 52.1Iceland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (NA) 65.6 81.9 83.1Ireland. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36.3 38.9 47.8 54.9Italy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39.6 45.9 143.3 46.0Japan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54.8 60.4 62.2 63.8

Country 1980 1990 1995 1999

Korea, South . . . . . . . . . . . (NA) 51.3 53.2 53.1Luxembourg . . . . . . . . . . . . 39.9 50.7 58.0 64.6Mexico . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33.7 23.6 40.1 42.1Netherlands . . . . . . . . . . . . 35.5 153.1 159.0 64.5New Zealand . . . . . . . . . . . 44.6 162.9 63.3 67.7Norway . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.3 71.2 72.4 76.3Poland. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (NA) (NA) 61.1 59.0Portugal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54.3 62.9 62.4 66.8Spain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32.2 41.2 45.1 48.9Sweden . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74.1 180.5 76.1 74.6Switzerland . . . . . . . . . . . . 54.1 59.6 167.8 70.3Turkey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (NA) 36.7 34.2 34.0United Kingdom . . . . . . . . . 58.3 65.5 66.6 67.5United States . . . . . . . . . . . 59.7 168.8 70.7 71.7

NA Not available. X Not applicable. 1 Break in series. Data not comparable with prior years. 2 Prior to 1991 data arefor former West Germany.

Source: Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, Paris, France, OECD in Figures, annual (copyright).

No. 1355. Civilian Employment-Population Ratio by Country: 1980 to 2000

[Civilian employment as a percent of the civilian working age population. See headnote, Table 1351]

CountryWomen Men

1980 1990 1995 1999 2000 1980 1990 1995 1999 2000

United States . . 47.7 154.3 55.6 57.4 57.7 72.0 172.0 70.8 71.6 71.8Canada . . . . . . 46.8 54.1 52.8 55.2 56.1 74.0 70.6 66.2 67.6 68.3Australia . . . . . . 41.9 49.3 50.3 51.2 52.4 75.1 71.2 68.1 68.2 68.5Japan . . . . . . . 45.7 48.0 47.7 46.6 246.4 77.9 75.4 75.0 73.0 272.5France . . . . . . . 40.3 41.5 41.2 42.4 (NA) 68.9 61.3 57.2 57.8 (NA)Germany 3 . . . . 38.9 140.9 142.7 443.4 (NA) 69.6 165.6 163.4 462.0 (NA)Italy . . . . . . . . . 27.9 129.2 128.0 29.7 (NA) 66.0 160.0 156.5 56.1 (NA)Netherlands . . . 31.0 139.1 44.3 50.5 (NA) 74.1 166.7 65.6 68.6 (NA)Sweden . . . . . . 58.0 161.8 54.7 254.6 (NA) 73.6 170.6 62.1 263.1 (NA)United Kingdom . 44.8 49.8 49.6 451.0 (NA) 72.8 70.3 65.5 466.9 (NA)

NA Not available. 1 Break in series. Data not comparable with prior years. 2 Preliminary. 3 Data for 1980 and 1990 arefor former West Germany (prior to unification); data for other years are for unified Germany. 4 1998 data.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Comparative Civilian Labor Force Statistics, Ten Countries, 1959-2000, March 2001,and Monthly Labor Review.



No. 1356. Civilian Employment by Industry and Country: 1990 and 2000[118,793 represents 118,793,000. Data based on U.S. labor force definitions except that minimum age for population base var-ies as follows: United States, Canada, France, Sweden, and United Kingdom, 16 years; Australia, Germany, Italy (1999), Japan,15 years; and Italy (1990), 14 years. Industries based on International Standard Industrial Classification; see text of this section]

Industry UnitedStates Canada

Austra-lia Japan France

Ger-many 1 Italy Sweden

UnitedKingdom

TOTAL EMPLOYMENT (1,000)

1990, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118,793 13,084 7,859 61,710 22,082 27,952 21,080 4,501 26,818Agriculture, forestry, fishing . . . . . 3,394 559 440 4,270 1,262 965 1,879 178 573Industry 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29,834 3,063 1,865 20,890 6,403 10,875 6,842 1,268 8,128

Manufacturing . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,346 2,053 1,170 15,010 4,708 8,839 4,755 943 35,971Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85,565 9,462 5,554 36,550 14,417 16,112 12,355 3,056 18,117

2000, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4135,208 14,910 9,043 563,790 622,970 636,167 4 620,462 64,105 727,009Agriculture, forestry, fishing . . . . . 43,457 492 440 53,120 6961 61,025 4 61,127 6128 7465Industry 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 429,894 3,259 1,929 519,710 65,447 612,152 4 66,744 6996 77,047

Manufacturing . . . . . . . . . . . . 419,940 2,280 1,145 513,180 (NA) 68,710 4 65,170 6759 75,033Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4101,857 11,158 6,674 540,960 616,562 622,990 4 612,590 62,981 719,497


1990, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100Agriculture, forestry, fishing . . . . . 3 4 6 7 6 4 9 4 2Industry 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 23 24 34 29 39 33 28 30

Manufacturing . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 16 15 24 21 32 23 21 322Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 72 71 59 65 58 59 68 68

2000, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4100 100 100 5100 6100 6100 4 6100 6100 7100Agriculture, forestry, fishing . . . . . 43 3 5 55 64 63 4 66 63 72Industry 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 422 22 21 531 624 634 4 633 624 726

Manufacturing . . . . . . . . . . . . 415 15 13 521 (NA) 624 4 625 618 719Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 475 75 74 564 672 664 4 662 673 772

NA Not available. 1 Data for 1990 are for former West Germany (prior to unification); data for 1999 are for unifiedGermany. 2 Includes mining and construction. 3 Includes mining. 4 Break in series. Data not comparable with prior years.5 Preliminary. 6 1999 data. 7 1998 data.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Comparative Civilian Labor Force Statistics, Ten Countries, 1959-2000, March 2001and unpublished data.

No. 1357. World Food Production by Commodity: 1990 to 2000

[In millions of metric tons (1,768.8 represents 1,768,800,000)]

Commodity 1990 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000

Grains, total . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,768.8 1,714.0 1,760.8 1,712.6 1,871.4 1,879.9 1,872.4 1,871.2 1,837.0Wheat. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 588.0 559.0 524.8 538.6 582.8 609.2 588.2 587.9 579.5Coarse grains. . . . . . . . . . 828.7 799.7 871.6 802.7 908.3 883.9 890.0 877.0 859.7

Corn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 482.3 476.1 560.2 516.6 592.0 575.2 605.3 605.6 585.6Rice, milled . . . . . . . . . . . 352.0 355.4 364.5 371.3 380.4 386.8 394.2 406.3 397.7

Oils . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58.1 63.5 70.0 72.8 75.6 76.2 80.6 84.6 86.9Soybeans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104.2 117.8 137.7 124.9 132.2 158.1 159.7 158.7 168.5Rapeseed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25.1 26.8 30.4 34.5 31.6 33.2 35.9 42.3 37.6

Pulses 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58.4 55.7 56.3 54.8 53.6 55.1 55.9 58.1 55.7Vegetables and melons 1 . . . . 461.4 509.5 532.1 559.6 591.2 607.8 626.0 649.2 670.1Fruits 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 352.2 384.7 391.0 406.4 427.3 443.6 432.8 447.2 459.2Nuts 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.6 5.0 5.3 5.0 5.6 5.9 5.9 6.4 6.2

Red meat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117.2 117.7 119.9 124.2 124.5 130.3 135.3 138.6 139.7Poultry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37.4 43.6 46.8 50.6 53.0 54.6 55.6 58.5 58.1Milk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 441.3 393.5 383.7 380.8 380.3 381.2 385.7 389.3 391.4

1 Data from Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy.

Source: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, Agricultural Outlook, monthly.

No. 1358. Fisheries—Commercial Catch by Country: 1990 to 1998

[In thousands of metric tons, live weight (97,854 represents 97,854,000). Catch of fish, crustaceans, mollusks (includingweight of shells). Does not include marine mammals and aquatic plants]

Country 1990 1995 1997 1998

World 1 . . . . . . . 97,854 116,042 122,443 117,162

China 2 . . . . . . . . . 12,095 28,418 35,038 38,025Japan . . . . . . . . . . 10,354 6,787 6,723 6,026India. . . . . . . . . . . 3,794 4,906 5,379 5,244United States . . . . 5,868 5,638 5,422 5,154Russia . . . . . . . . . 7,808 4,374 4,715 4,518Indonesia . . . . . . . 3,044 4,139 4,454 4,396Peru. . . . . . . . . . . 6,875 8,943 7,877 4,346Chile . . . . . . . . . . 5,195 7,591 6,084 3,558

Country 1990 1995 1997 1998

Thailand . . . . . . . . 2,786 3,573 3,430 3,470Norway . . . . . . . . . 1,745 2,803 3,223 3,259Korea, South . . . . . 1,745 2,688 2,596 2,354Philippines. . . . . . . 2,210 2,222 2,136 2,140Iceland . . . . . . . . . 1,508 1,616 2,210 1,686Vietnam . . . . . . . . 960 1,394 1,573 1,653Denmark . . . . . . . . 1,518 2,044 1,866 1,600Bangladesh . . . . . . 848 1,173 1,342 1,423Spain . . . . . . . . . . 1,380 1,391 1,382 1,420Mexico . . . . . . . . . 1,401 1,355 1,529 1,222

1 Includes other countries, not shown separately. 2 See footnote 2, Table 1327.

Source: U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service, Fisheries of the UnitedStates, annual. Data from Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy.



No. 1359. Meat Production by Type and Country: 1998 to 2000

[In thousand metric tons (48,604 represents 48,604,000). Carcass weight basis for beef, veal, and pork. Excludes offals andrabbit]

CountryBeef and veal

CountryPork 1

CountryPoultry meat

19981999,

prel. 19981999,

prel. 19992000,

prel.

World 2 . . . . . . 48,604 49,342 World 2 . . . . . 78,940 81,240 World 2 . . . . . 56,504 58,010United States . . . 11,804 12,124 China 3 . . . . . . . 38,837 40,056 United States. . . 15,990 16,422Brazil . . . . . . . . . 6,140 6,270 United States. . . 8,623 8,758 China 3 . . . . . . . 11,150 11,350China 3 . . . . . . . . 4,799 5,054 Germany . . . . . . 3,833 4,113 Brazil. . . . . . . . . 5,641 5,987Argentina . . . . . . 2,600 2,840 Spain . . . . . . . . 2,667 2,892 France. . . . . . . . 2,228 2,240Australia . . . . . . . 1,989 1,956 France. . . . . . . . 2,328 2,378 Mexico. . . . . . . . 1,922 2,036Russia . . . . . . . . 2,090 1,900 Brazil. . . . . . . . . 1,690 1,835 United Kingdom. . 1,516 1,535Mexico . . . . . . . . 1,800 1,860 Poland. . . . . . . . 1,690 1,730 Japan . . . . . . . . 1,189 1,170India. . . . . . . . . . 1,593 1,660 Netherlands . . . . 1,717 1,711 South Africa . . . . 1,121 1,150France . . . . . . . . 1,593 1,568 Denmark . . . . . . 1,632 1,650 Thailand. . . . . . . 1,025 1,117Germany. . . . . . . 1,367 1,374 Canada . . . . . . . 1,338 1,562 Italy. . . . . . . . . . 1,135 1,098

1 Includes edible pork fat, but excludes lard and inedible greases (except United States). 2 Includes other countries, notshown separately. 3 See footnote 2, Table 1327.

Source: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, National Agricultural Statistics Service, Agricultural Statistics, annual.

No. 1360. Per Capita Consumption of Meat and Poultry: 2000

[Preliminary. In kilograms per capita. Beef, veal, and pork quantities are as of September and in carcass-weight equivalents;poultry quantities are as of July and are on ready-to-cook basis]

CountryBeef and veal

CountryPork

CountryPoultry

Quantity Rank Quantity Rank Quantity Rank

Argentina . . . . . . . . 68.8 1 Denmark . . . . . . . . 76.8 1 Hong Kong . . . . . . 57.4 1Uruguay . . . . . . . . . 61.4 2 Spain . . . . . . . . . . 65.0 2 United States . . . . 49.3 2United States . . . . . 46.4 3 Czech Republic. . . . 60.6 3 Canada . . . . . . . . . 34.8 3Australia . . . . . . . . . 36.1 4 Hong Kong . . . . . . 60.1 4 Saudi Arabia . . . . . 34.3 4New Zealand. . . . . . 35.2 5 Austria . . . . . . . . . 57.8 5 Taiwan 1 . . . . . . . . 34.0 5Brazil . . . . . . . . . . . 34.8 6 Germany . . . . . . . . 56.9 6 United Kingdom . . . 28.4 6Canada . . . . . . . . . 32.1 7 Belgium- Brazil . . . . . . . . . . 28.2 7France . . . . . . . . . . 25.6 8 Luxembourg . . . . . 46.8 7 South Africa . . . . . . 26.4 8Italy . . . . . . . . . . . . 24.9 9 Netherlands . . . . . . 43.8 8 Spain . . . . . . . . . . 26.4 9Mexico . . . . . . . . . . 23.2 10 Taiwan 1 . . . . . . . . 42.6 9 France . . . . . . . . . 24.9 10

Portugal . . . . . . . . 41.1 10United States . . . . 30.7 19

1 See footnote 2, Table 1327.

Source: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Foreign Agricultural Service, Livestock and Poultry: World Markets and Trade, annual.

No. 1361. Wheat, Rice, and Corn Production by Country: 1995 to 2000

[In thousands of metric tons (582,774 represents 582,774,000). Rice data cover paddy. Data for each country pertain to thecalendar year in which all or most of the crop was harvested. See text of this section for general comments concerning quality ofthe data]

CountryWheat Rice Corn

1995 1999 2000 1995 1999 2000 1995 1999 2000

World . . . . . . . . . . . . 582,774 587,944 579,476 551,036 604,218 591,777 516,637 605,647 585,556Argentina . . . . . . . . . . . 8,600 15,500 16,500 877 860 615 11,100 17,200 15,000Australia . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,504 25,012 20,500 951 1,084 1,600 317 365 400Bangladesh. . . . . . . . . . 1,245 1,900 2,000 26,533 32,298 31,953 - - -Brazil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,526 2,500 1,600 10,026 11,534 10,882 32,480 31,600 38,500Burma . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150 100 100 17,000 17,000 16,897 270 240 250Canada . . . . . . . . . . . . 25,037 26,850 26,800 - - - 7,271 9,096 6,800China 1. . . . . . . . . . . . . 102,215 113,880 102,000 185,214 198,480 190,000 112,000 128,086 105,000Egypt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,700 6,550 6,600 4,399 5,826 6,000 5,353 5,678 5,800France . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30,862 37,232 37,500 124 103 108 12,394 15,374 16,300Germany . . . . . . . . . . . 17,763 19,615 21,600 - - - 2,395 3,257 3,250India . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65,470 70,780 75,570 119,442 134,233 132,763 9,530 11,470 12,000Indonesia . . . . . . . . . . . - - - 51,100 52,919 53,000 6,000 6,200 6,200Italy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,653 7,341 7,100 1,311 1,376 1,360 8,454 10,000 10,800Mexico . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,468 3,100 3,300 349 450 450 17,780 19,000 18,500Pakistan . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,002 17,854 21,000 5,951 7,735 6,451 1,283 1,250 1,250Russia . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30,100 31,000 34,400 462 446 577 1,700 1,100 1,500Thailand . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - 21,800 25,000 25,152 3,700 3,900 4,400Turkey . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,500 16,500 17,500 346 338 338 1,800 2,400 2,400United Kingdom . . . . . . . 14,310 14,870 16,700 - - - - - -United States . . . . . . . . 59,404 62,569 60,512 7,887 9,345 8,669 187,970 239,549 253,208

- Represents or rounds to zero. 1 See footnote 2, Table 1327.

Source: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, unpublished data from the PS&D (Production, supplyand distribution) database.



No. 1362. Wheat, Rice, and Corn—Exports and Imports of Leading Countries:1995 to 2000

[In thousands of metric tons (32,003 represents 32,003,000). Wheat data are for trade year beginning in July of year shown;rice data are for calendar year; corn data are for trade year beginning in October of year shown. Countries listed are the ten lead-ing exporters or importers in 2000]

Leading exportersExports

Leading importersImports

1995 1999 2000 1995 1999 2000

WHEAT WHEATEuropean Union 1. . . . . . 32,003 38,343 35,900 European Union 1 . . . . . 21,505 25,091 24,775United States . . . . . . . . 33,778 29,653 29,937 Brazil . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,600 7,555 7,900Canada . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,342 19,165 19,000 Iran . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,029 7,000 7,500Australia . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,311 17,844 15,500 Egypt . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,932 5,973 6,200Argentina . . . . . . . . . . . 4,483 11,600 12,000 Japan . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,101 5,960 5,900Kazakhstan . . . . . . . . . . 4,279 6,514 4,500 Algeria . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,782 4,750 5,200Hungary . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,239 800 1,500 Korea, South . . . . . . . . 2,554 3,811 4,000Turkey . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,054 2,163 1,500 Indonesia. . . . . . . . . . . 3,632 3,900 3,700India . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,500 200 1,000 Morocco . . . . . . . . . . . 2,336 3,100 3,100Czech Republic . . . . . . . 596 836 700 Philippines . . . . . . . . . . 1,980 3,000 3,000

RICE RICEThailand . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,281 6,549 6,300 European Union 1 . . . . . 1,680 1,558 1,570Vietnam . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,040 3,370 3,800 Iran . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,344 1,100 1,400China 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . 265 2,950 3,200 Indonesia. . . . . . . . . . . 1,029 1,500 1,300United States . . . . . . . . 2,694 2,804 2,553 Iraq . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234 1,261 1,300Pakistan . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,632 1,850 1,800 Nigeria . . . . . . . . . . . . 300 950 1,200India . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,500 1,400 1,300 Saudi Arabia . . . . . . . . 638 750 950European Union 1. . . . . . 902 1,253 1,219 Bangladesh . . . . . . . . . 1,140 400 900Australia . . . . . . . . . . . . 475 585 690 Philippines . . . . . . . . . . 975 665 800Uruguay . . . . . . . . . . . . 600 685 685 Japan . . . . . . . . . . . . . 451 720 750Japan . . . . . . . . . . . . . - 200 600 Brazil . . . . . . . . . . . . . 770 650 725

CORN CORNUnited States . . . . . . . . 56,589 49,209 52,072 Japan . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,976 16,117 16,000European Union 1. . . . . . 7,480 8,911 8,916 European Union 1 . . . . . 10,420 10,870 10,605Argentina . . . . . . . . . . . 7,494 11,500 8,800 Korea, South . . . . . . . . 8,963 8,694 8,000China 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . 168 9,935 6,000 Mexico . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,433 4,911 5,800South Africa . . . . . . . . . 2,650 1,400 800 Taiwan 2 . . . . . . . . . . . 5,734 5,023 5,100Brazil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218 150 750 Egypt . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,257 4,600 4,500Ukraine . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 57 600 Malaysia . . . . . . . . . . . 2,309 2,296 2,400Paraguay . . . . . . . . . . . 124 196 250 Colombia . . . . . . . . . . . 1,430 1,900 2,000Hungary . . . . . . . . . . . . 120 1,786 200 Saudi Arabia . . . . . . . . 926 1,500 1,600Former Yugoslavia . . . . . 228 500 200 Canada . . . . . . . . . . . . 855 691 1,600

- Represents or rounds to zero. 1See footnote 3, Table 1340. 2 See footnote 2, Table 1327.Source: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, unpublished data from the PS&D (Production, supply

and distribution) database.

No. 1363. Unmanufactured Tobacco and Cigarettes—Selected Countries:1995 to 2000

[5,546 represents 5,546,000. Tobacco is on dry weight basis]

CountryUnmanufactured tobacco

(1,000 metric tons) CountryCigarettes

(bil. pieces)

1995 1999 2000 1995 1999 2000

PRODUCTION PRODUCTIONWorld, total. . . . . . . . 5,546 5,917 5,773 World, total . . . . . . . 5,599 5,610 5,625

China 1. . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,083 2,075 2,051 China 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,735 1,712 1,740India . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 528 588 599 United States . . . . . . . . 746 635 600Brazil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 324 498 493 Russia. . . . . . . . . . . . . 141 263 273United States . . . . . . . . 513 528 408 Japan . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263 263 265Zimbabwe. . . . . . . . . . . 179 171 209 Indonesia. . . . . . . . . . . 186 220 229

United Kingdom . . . . . . 156 155 150EXPORTS Turkey. . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 125 128

World, total. . . . . . . . 1,767 2,054 1,938Brazil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256 343 350Zimbabwe. . . . . . . . . . . 174 216 196 EXPORTSUnited States . . . . . . . . 209 192 183 World, total . . . . . . . 987 845 856Malawi . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99 108 101 United States . . . . . . . . 231 151 148Greece. . . . . . . . . . . . . 133 100 101 United Kingdom . . . . . . 85 115 116

Netherlands . . . . . . . . . 82 105 106IMPORTS Germany . . . . . . . . . . . 85 85 85

World, total. . . . . . . . 1,781 2,011 2,039 Singapore . . . . . . . . . . 50 59 59Russia . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148 265 275 Hong Kong . . . . . . . . . 74 25 26Germany . . . . . . . . . . . 210 261 246 Bulgaria. . . . . . . . . . . . 61 20 20United States . . . . . . . . 199 239 197 Indonesia. . . . . . . . . . . 21 17 18United Kingdom . . . . . . . 141 137 135Japan . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115 99 104 IMPORTS

World, total . . . . . . . 668 656 661CONSUMPTION Japan . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 83 83

World, total. . . . . . . . 6,305 6,641 6,437 France . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 62 63China 1. . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,209 2,696 2,645 Singapore . . . . . . . . . . 38 49 49India . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 464 478 470 Italy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 50 49United States . . . . . . . . 699 575 436 United Kingdom . . . . . . 20 44 48Russia . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142 266 277 Hong Kong . . . . . . . . . 59 24 25Japan . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197 184 183 Russia. . . . . . . . . . . . . 78 22 15

1 See footnote 2, Table 1327.Source: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Foreign Agricultural Service, Tobacco: World Markets and Trade, April 2001.



No. 1364. Wood Products—Production, Exports, and Consumption for SelectedCountries: 1990 to 1999

[In thousand cubic meters (5,830 represents 5,830,000)]

CountryProduction Exports Consumption

1990 1995 1999 1990 1995 1999 1990 1995 1999

SOFTWOOD LOGS

Australia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,830 8,188 10,760 - 100 785 5,830 8,088 9,976Canada. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122,000 120,000 165,984 800 729 1,908 125,289 124,295 168,536China 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69,080 10,400 33,146 8 22 2 72,835 10,968 37,683Finland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,600 24,600 28,000 161 1,000 762 19,734 23,850 31,638France . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,189 13,550 14,500 477 250 363 13,969 13,419 14,247Germany 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (NA) 20,410 18,897 1,947 3,298 3,044 (NA) 18,234 18,299Japan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,775 18,067 15,206 11 4 2 33,446 32,968 27,732New Zealand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,361 12,704 13,900 2,931 5,257 5,800 5,435 7,449 8,104Russia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (NA) (NA) 58,000 (NA) (NA) 15,000 (NA) (NA) 43,000Sweden . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24,700 30,100 30,300 336 500 1,295 24,787 30,200 35,075

SOFTWOOD LUMBER

Canada. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53,777 59,590 68,235 37,008 47,561 48,381 17,767 12,789 20,596China 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,650 7,200 10,145 15 50 38 17,733 7,400 10,500Finland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,400 9,400 11,700 4,152 7,337 8,323 3,261 2,213 3,596Germany 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,145 13,308 14,736 839 1,618 1,937 15,551 16,455 18,021Japan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26,551 22,777 18,130 7 - - 33,854 32,591 26,501Russia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (NA) (NA) 13,500 (NA) (NA) 4,100 (NA) (NA) 9,400Sweden . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,785 14,559 14,608 6,500 10,700 10,975 5,431 4,014 3,763

TEMPERATE HARDWOOD LOGS

China 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42,340 3,750 14,519 83 51 4 42,285 5,350 14,957France . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,157 8,160 7,920 1,655 1,000 1,114 8,621 7,290 7,165Russia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (NA) (NA) 19,000 (NA) (NA) 5,500 (NA) (NA) 13,500

TEMPERATE HARDWOOD LUMBER

China 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,819 2,500 5,520 65 177 268 10,755 2,830 7,230France . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,303 2,908 2,791 646 606 540 2,767 2,793 2,568Russia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (NA) (NA) 4,800 (NA) (NA) 280 (NA) (NA) 4,520

TROPICAL HARDWOOD LOGS

Brazil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33,000 25,700 27,300 - - 570 33,146 25,706 26,735Indonesia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27,000 25,000 26,000 - - - 27,068 25,004 26,000Malaysia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39,655 31,572 21,741 20,378 7,864 6,998 19,286 23,934 15,382

TROPICAL HARDWOOD LUMBER

Brazil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,500 9,220 9,860 525 984 740 8,252 9,719 9,440Indonesia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,000 7,500 6,800 561 722 - 8,439 6,778 6,800Malaysia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,780 6,950 5,187 5,247 4,151 2,788 3,568 3,896 3,576

- Represents zero. NA Not available. 1 See footnote 2, Table 1327. 2 Data for 1990 do not include East Germany.Source: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Foreign Agricultural Service, Wood Products: International Trade and Foreign Markets,

Biennial Production, Consumption, and Trade Edition, Circular Series WP-1-01, March 2001.

No. 1365. World Production of Major Mineral Commodities: 1990 to 2000

[5,386 represents 5,386,000,000]

Country Unit 1990 1995 19992000,

prel. Leading producers, 1999

MINERAL FUELS

Coal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mil. short tons. . 5,386 5,161 4,737 (NA) China, United States, IndiaDry natural gas . . . . . . . . . . Tril. cu. ft. . . . . 73.6 78.0 84.7 (NA) Russia, United States, CanadaNatural gas plant liquids 1 . . . Mil. barrels 2. . . 1,691 2,002 2,184 (NA) United States, Saudi Arabia, CanadaPetroleum, crude . . . . . . . . . Mil. barrels 2. . . 22,107 22,752 24,043 (NA) Saudi Arabia, Russia, United States

NONMETALLIC MINERALS

Cement, hydraulic . . . . . . . . Mil. metric tons . 1,160 1,444 1,600 1,700 China, India, United StatesDiamond, gem and industrial . Mil. carats . . . . 111 113 117 (NA) Australia, Congo (Kinshasa), RussiaNitrogen in ammonia. . . . . . . Mil. metric tons . 97.5 100.0 108.0 104.0 China, United States, IndiaPhosphate rock . . . . . . . . . . Mil. metric tons . 162 130 141 139 United States, China, MoroccoPotash, marketable. . . . . . . . Mil. metric tons . 27.5 24.6 25.7 26.5 Canada, Russia, BelarusSalt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mil. metric tons . 183 192 209 210 United States, China, GermanySulfur, elemental basis . . . . . Mil. metric tons . 57.8 53.2 57.1 57.4 United States, Canada, China

METALS

Aluminum 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mil. metric tons . 19.3 19.7 23.1 23.9 United States, Russia, ChinaBauxite, gross weight . . . . . . Mil. metric tons . 113.0 112.0 127.0 127.0 Australia, Guinea, BrazilChromite, gross weight 1 . . . . 1,000 metric tons. 13,200 14,300 13,500 13,700 South Africa, Kazakhstan, TurkeyCopper, metal content 4. . . . . 1,000 metric tons. 8,950 10,100 12,600 12,900 Chile, United States, IndonesiaGold, metal content . . . . . . . Metric tons. . . . 2,180 2,210 2,540 2,445 South Africa, United States, AustraliaIron ore, gross weight 5 . . . . . Mil. metric tons . 983 1,031 994 1,010 China, Brazil, AustraliaLead, metal content 4 . . . . . . 1,000 metric tons. 3,370 2,820 3,020 2,980 Australia, United States, ChinaNickel, metal content 4 . . . . . 1,000 metric tons. 974 1,030 1,120 1,230 Russia, Canada, AustraliaTin, metal content 4 . . . . . . . 1,000 metric tons. 221 193 198 200 China, Indonesia, PeruZinc, metal content 4. . . . . . . 1,000 metric tons. 7,150 7,280 8,040 8,000 China, Australia, Canada

NA Not available. 1 Excludes China. 2 42-gallon barrels. 3 Unalloyed ingot metal. 4 Mine output. 5 Includes ironore concentrates and iron ore agglomerates.

Source: Mineral fuels, U.S. Energy Information Administration, International Energy Annual; nonmetallic minerals and metals,1990, U.S. Bureau of Mines, thereafter, U.S. Geological Survey, Minerals Yearbook; Annual Reports; and Mineral CommoditySummaries, 2000.



No. 1366. World Primary Energy Production by Region and Type:1980 to 1999

[In quadrillion Btu (286.4 represents 286,400,000,000,000,000). Btu=British thermal units. For Btu conversion factors, see source]

Region and type 1980 1985 1990 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999

World total 1 . . . . . 286.4 304.2 351.0 350.8 355.8 364.7 373.4 381.1 382.9 380.1North America . . . . . . . . 80.9 84.6 92.0 91.9 95.3 96.2 98.6 99.2 99.4 99.0

United States . . . . . . . 64.8 64.9 70.9 68.4 70.8 71.3 72.6 72.5 72.6 72.3Central and SouthAmerica . . . . . . . . . . . 12.1 13.6 16.7 18.9 19.9 21.3 22.6 24.3 24.9 24.9

Western Europe . . . . . . . 30.7 37.3 38.5 39.5 40.6 41.7 44.0 44.1 43.9 44.2Eastern Europe andformer U.S.S.R. . . . . . . 66.7 75.0 81.9 66.5 61.4 60.1 60.0 58.8 57.8 59.0

Middle East . . . . . . . . . . 42.2 25.8 41.0 45.8 46.9 48.0 49.0 51.3 54.5 53.1Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18.1 19.3 21.6 22.8 23.0 24.2 24.7 26.2 26.4 26.8Far East and Oceania . . . 35.8 48.7 59.3 65.5 68.7 73.4 74.3 77.1 75.9 73.0

Crude oil. . . . . . . . . . . . 128.1 115.4 129.5 128.9 130.5 133.3 136.6 140.5 143.2 140.8Natural gas . . . . . . . . . . 52.7 61.4 75.9 78.4 79.2 80.2 84.1 84.0 85.4 87.3Natural gas liquids . . . . . 5.1 5.8 6.9 7.7 7.8 8.1 8.3 8.5 8.7 8.9Coal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74.5 85.8 91.9 85.2 86.8 89.2 89.2 92.5 89.4 84.9Hydroelectric power . . . . 18.1 20.6 22.6 24.3 24.5 25.7 26.1 26.7 26.7 27.1Nuclear electric power. . . 7.6 15.4 20.4 22.1 22.5 23.3 24.1 23.9 24.4 25.3Geothermal, solar, windwood, and waste . . . . . 0.4 0.6 1.7 2.1 2.2 2.2 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.8

1 Includes geothermal, solar, and wood and waste energy produced in the United States and not used for generating electricity,not shown separately by type.

No. 1367. World Primary Energy Consumption by Region and Type:1980 to 1999

[In quadrillion Btu (282.6 represents 282,600,000,000,000,000). Btu=British thermal units. For Btu conversion factors, seesource]

Region and type 1980 1985 1990 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999

World total 1 . . . . . 282.6 307.5 346.2 352.8 356.4 365.6 374.9 379.8 379.7 381.9North America . . . . . . . . 89.3 88.3 100.1 103.9 106.3 108.0 111.7 112.4 112.7 115.7

United States . . . . . . . 76.0 74.0 84.2 87.3 89.2 90.9 93.9 94.3 94.6 97.1Central and SouthAmerica . . . . . . . . . . . 11.4 12.3 14.1 15.8 16.5 17.3 18.2 19.0 20.0 20.4

Western Europe . . . . . . . 58.6 59.9 63.9 64.6 64.4 66.7 68.5 69.2 70.5 70.5Eastern Europe andformer U.S.S.R. . . . . . . 61.4 70.7 74.2 60.6 54.6 53.2 52.4 50.3 48.9 48.9

Middle East . . . . . . . . . . 5.9 8.6 11.1 12.7 13.3 13.9 14.6 15.4 16.1 16.4Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.8 8.5 9.3 10.2 10.6 10.8 11.1 11.6 11.6 11.8Far East and Oceania . . . 49.2 59.3 73.4 85.0 90.6 95.8 98.6 101.8 99.9 98.2

Petroleum . . . . . . . . . . . 130.9 123.1 134.9 136.6 139.1 142.3 145.4 148.3 149.8 152.2Natural gas . . . . . . . . . . 54.2 63.7 74.5 78.4 78.3 80.2 84.0 83.8 84.5 86.9Coal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71.6 84.2 90.0 87.1 87.4 89.4 90.4 92.1 89.3 84.8Hydroelectric power . . . . 18.3 21.0 22.7 24.6 24.8 26.0 26.4 27.0 26.9 27.3Nuclear electric power. . . 7.6 15.4 20.4 22.1 22.5 23.3 24.1 23.9 24.4 25.3Geothermal, solar, windwood, and waste . . . . . 0.3 0.5 1.7 2.1 2.2 2.2 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.8

1 See footnote 1, Table 1366.

Source of Tables 1366 and 1367: U.S. Energy Information Administration, International Energy Annual.

No. 1368. World Energy Consumption by Region and Energy Source, 1990 to1999, and Projections, 2005 to 2020

[In quadrillion Btu (346.0 represents 346,000,000,000,000,000). Btu=British thermal units. For Btu conversion factors, seesource]

Region and energy source1990 1998 1999

Projections

2005 2010 2015 2020

World, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 346.0 380.0 381.8 439.3 489.7 547.4 607.1North America . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99.9 113.1 115.7 128.8 138.2 146.9 155.6

United States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84.0 94.7 96.7 107.0 114.1 120.7 127.0Western Europe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59.8 65.7 65.9 71.5 74.5 77.3 80.7Industrialized Asia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22.8 27.6 27.9 29.6 30.7 32.7 34.0Eastern Europe and former Soviet Union . . . 76.3 50.7 50.5 56.0 60.3 67.2 72.3Developing Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51.0 72.9 70.9 92.4 113.4 137.0 162.2Middle East . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.1 19.1 19.3 22.5 26.9 31.7 37.2Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.3 11.6 11.8 14.3 16.1 18.6 20.8Central and South America. . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.7 19.4 19.8 24.3 29.6 36.2 44.1

Oil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134.9 149.8 152.2 173.3 193.7 218.1 244.4Natural gas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74.5 84.5 86.9 106.5 124.2 146.2 168.6Coal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90.0 89.3 84.8 94.8 102.6 109.6 117.1Nuclear. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20.4 24.4 25.3 26.7 27.4 27.7 27.1Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26.3 32.0 32.7 38.1 41.9 45.9 50.0

Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, International Energy Outlook 2001.



No. 1369. Energy Consumption and Production by Country: 1990 and 1999

[346.2 represents 346,200,000,000,000,000. See text of this section for general comments about the data. For data qualificationsfor countries, see source]

Country

Primary energy consumed Dry naturalgas

production(tril. cu. ft)

Crudepetroleumproduction

(1,000 barrelsper day)

Coalproduction

(mil. short tons)Total(quad. Btu)

Per capita(mil. Btu)

19901999,

prel. 19901999,

prel. 1990 1999 1990 1999 1990 1999

World. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 346.2 381.9 66 64 73.6 84.7 60,566 65,870 5,386 4,737

United States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84.2 97.1 337 356 17.8 18.6 7,355 5,881 1,029 1,099

Algeria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.2 1.3 49 43 1.8 2.9 1,175 1,202 (Z) (Z)Argentina. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.9 2.7 58 74 0.6 1.2 483 802 (Z) (Z)Australia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.7 4.7 215 250 0.7 1.1 575 539 226 321Austria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.2 1.4 151 170 0.1 0.1 22 18 3 1Bahrain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.3 0.4 520 552 0.2 0.3 42 37 (NA) (NA)Bangladesh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.3 0.5 2 4 0.2 0.3 1 1 (NA) (NA)Belarus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (X) 1.1 (X) 108 (X) (Z) (X) 37 (X) (NA)Belgium. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.2 2.6 217 256 (Z) - (NA) (NA) 3 (Z)Brazil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.7 8.5 39 52 0.1 0.2 631 1,132 5 5Bulgaria. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.3 0.8 145 102 (Z) (Z) 4 1 39 29Burma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (Z) 0.1 13 9 (Z) (Z)Canada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.9 12.5 394 411 3.9 6.3 1,553 1,907 75 80Chile. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.6 1.0 43 65 0.1 0.1 20 8 2 1China 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27.0 31.9 23 25 0.5 0.9 2,774 3,195 1,190 1,118Colombia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.9 1.2 25 29 0.2 0.2 440 816 23 36Congo (Kinshasa) 2 . . . . . . . . . . . (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) - (NA) 29 22 (Z) (Z)Cuba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.5 0.4 47 35 (Z) (Z) 14 38 (NA) (NA)Czech Republic . . . . . . . . . . . . . (X) 1.5 (X) 150 (X) (Z) (X) 4 (X) 65Denmark . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.8 0.9 160 167 0.1 0.3 121 300 (NA) (NA)Ecuador . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (Z) (Z) 285 373 (NA) (NA)Egypt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.4 2.0 27 31 0.3 0.6 873 852 - (Z)Finland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.1 1.3 226 253 (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA)France . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.8 10.3 155 174 0.1 0.1 61 30 15 6Germany . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (X) 14.0 (X) 170 (X) 0.8 (X) 55 (X) 226Greece . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.1 1.3 103 120 (Z) (Z) 15 (Z) 57 67Hong Kong . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.5 0.7 84 108 (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA)Hungary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.3 1.1 122 106 0.2 0.1 40 24 20 16India . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.8 12.2 9 12 0.4 0.8 660 653 233 328Indonesia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.3 3.6 13 17 1.5 2.3 1,462 1,472 12 71Iran . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1 4.7 57 74 0.8 1.9 3,088 3,557 1 1Iraq . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.9 1.2 51 52 0.2 0.1 2,040 2,508 (NA) (NA)Ireland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.4 0.6 105 149 0.1 0.1 (NA) (NA) (Z) -Israel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.5 0.8 97 128 (Z) (Z) (Z) (Z) (NA) (NA)Italy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.0 8.0 123 140 0.6 0.6 87 82 1 (Z)Japan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17.9 21.7 145 172 0.1 0.1 11 8 11 4Korea, North . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.6 1.5 80 64 (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) 99 85Korea, South . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.7 7.4 85 157 (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) 19 5Kuwait. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.5 0.7 210 322 0.2 0.3 1,175 1,898 (NA) (NA)Libya . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.5 0.6 123 95 0.2 0.2 1,375 1,319 (NA) (NA)Malaysia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.0 1.7 55 75 0.7 1.5 619 693 (Z) (Z)Mexico . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.0 6.1 60 63 0.9 1.3 2,553 2,906 9 11Morocco . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.3 0.4 13 15 (Z) (Z) (Z) (Z) 1 (Z)Netherlands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.4 3.9 225 244 2.7 2.7 70 53 (NA) (NA)New Zealand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.7 0.8 217 213 0.2 0.2 40 42 3 4Nigeria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.7 0.9 8 8 0.1 0.3 1,810 2,130 (Z) (Z)Norway . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.6 1.9 373 425 1.0 1.8 1,704 3,018 (Z) (Z)Pakistan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.2 1.8 10 12 0.5 0.8 62 53 3 4Peru . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (Z) (Z) 129 106 (Z) (Z)Philippines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.7 1.1 12 15 0.0 (Z) 5 1 1 1Poland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.0 3.8 104 99 0.2 0.2 2 9 237 190Portugal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.8 1.0 76 102 (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (Z) -Romania . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.9 1.6 124 73 1.0 0.5 163 125 42 28Russia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (X) 26.0 (X) 177 (X) 20.8 (X) 6,079 (X) 276Saudi Arabia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.2 4.3 212 208 1.1 1.6 6,410 7,833 (NA) (NA)Serbia and Montenegro . . . . . . . . (X) 0.6 (X) 57 (X) (Z) (X) 18 (X) 36South Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.4 4.4 91 98 0.0 0.1 - 25 193 248Spain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.9 5.2 101 133 0.1 (Z) 16 6 40 27Sweden. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.2 2.2 254 248 (NA) (NA) (Z) - (Z) -Switzerland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.2 1.2 174 173 (Z) - (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA)Syria. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.6 0.8 49 50 0.1 0.2 388 538 (NA) (NA)Taiwan 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.0 3.5 100 159 0.1 (Z) 3 1 1 (Z)Thailand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.3 2.5 22 40 0.2 0.6 44 84 14 20Trinidad and Tobago . . . . . . . . . . (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) 0.2 0.4 150 125 (NA) (NA)Tunisia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (Z) 0.1 93 83 (NA) (NA)Turkey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.0 3.0 35 46 (Z) (Z) 73 59 52 74Ukraine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (X) 6.4 (X) 127 (X) 0.6 (X) 76 (X) 91United Arab Emirates . . . . . . . . . . 1.2 1.9 641 653 0.8 1.3 2,117 2,169 (NA) (NA)United Kingdom . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.3 9.9 161 168 1.8 3.5 1,820 2,684 104 41Venezuela . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.1 2.8 107 118 0.8 1.1 2,137 2,826 2 8Vietnam. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.3 0.6 4 7 (Z) (Z) 50 290 5 12

- Represents zero. NA Not available. X Not applicable. Z Less than 50 billion cubic feet, 500 barrels per day, or 500,000short tons. 1 See footnote 2, Table 1327. 2 See footnote 3, Table 1327.

Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, International Energy Annual.



No. 1370. Net Electricity Generation by Type and Country: 1998

[13,673.9 represents 13,673,900,000,000]

CountryTotal 1

(bil.kWh)

Percent distribution

Ther-mal 2 Hydro Nuclear

World, total . . . . . . . 13,673.9 62.8 18.8 16.9Argentina . . . . . . . . . . 80.6 46.5 44.4 8.8Australia . . . . . . . . . . . 186.6 89.9 8.4 -Austria . . . . . . . . . . . . 56.0 31.4 65.7 -Belgium . . . . . . . . . . . 78.7 42.4 0.5 55.8Brazil . . . . . . . . . . . . . 316.9 4.9 91.0 1.0Bulgaria . . . . . . . . . . . 39.0 51.8 8.5 39.7Canada. . . . . . . . . . . . 551.1 27.0 59.6 12.3China 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,096.5 80.3 18.5 1.2Colombia. . . . . . . . . . . 45.4 30.0 68.7 -Czech Republic . . . . . . 61.5 75.8 2.3 20.3Denmark . . . . . . . . . . . 40.0 89.8 - -Egypt . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59.2 79.6 20.4 -Finland . . . . . . . . . . . . 76.2 40.9 19.6 27.3France . . . . . . . . . . . . 485.7 10.9 12.6 75.9Germany. . . . . . . . . . . 530.2 65.4 3.2 29.0Greece . . . . . . . . . . . . 43.7 91.3 8.5 -Hungary . . . . . . . . . . . 35.1 61.8 0.6 37.9India. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 424.3 79.5 17.8 2.5Indonesia . . . . . . . . . . 72.7 80.6 14.4 -Iran . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97.6 92.8 7.1 -Italy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241.7 80.6 16.9 -Japan . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,002.4 57.0 9.1 31.5Kazakhstan . . . . . . . . . 46.6 86.7 13.1 0.2Korea, North . . . . . . . . 30.1 34.6 65.4 -

CountryTotal 1

(bil.kWh)

Percent distribution

Ther-mal 2 Hydro Nuclear

Korea, South . . . . . . . . 222.3 59.8 1.8 38.3Malaysia . . . . . . . . . . . 57.3 91.6 8.4 -Mexico . . . . . . . . . . . . 172.8 77.7 14.1 5.1Netherlands . . . . . . . . . 89.2 91.0 0.1 4.0New Zealand . . . . . . . . 37.0 27.0 65.1 -Norway . . . . . . . . . . . . 115.2 0.6 99.1 -Pakistan . . . . . . . . . . . 59.6 62.6 36.6 0.7Paraguay . . . . . . . . . . 50.4 0.2 99.8 -Poland . . . . . . . . . . . . 135.0 96.4 3.2 -Romania . . . . . . . . . . . 51.1 53.8 36.6 9.6Russia . . . . . . . . . . . . 786.3 67.4 20.1 12.5Saudi Arabia . . . . . . . . 116.5 100.0 - -Serbia and Montenegro . 38.8 68.8 31.2 -South Africa. . . . . . . . . 191.7 92.1 0.8 7.1Spain . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186.4 50.0 18.1 30.0Sweden . . . . . . . . . . . 156.1 6.0 47.1 44.8Switzerland . . . . . . . . . 61.1 3.8 54.2 40.1Taiwan 3 . . . . . . . . . . . 137.0 66.9 7.2 25.8Thailand . . . . . . . . . . . 85.0 90.4 6.0 -Turkey . . . . . . . . . . . . 106.7 60.5 39.2 -Ukraine. . . . . . . . . . . . 163.2 47.1 9.7 43.3United Kingdom . . . . . . 341.9 68.8 1.5 27.8United States . . . . . . . 3,617.9 70.5 8.8 18.6Uzbekistan . . . . . . . . . 43.4 86.9 13.1 -Venezuela . . . . . . . . . . 74.0 29.2 70.9 -

- Represents zero. 1 Includes geothermal, solar, wind, and wood and waste generation, not shown separately. 2 Electricitygenerated from coal, oil, and gas. 3 See footnote 2, Table 1327.

Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, International Energy Annual 1999.

No. 1371. Commercial Nuclear Power Generation by Country: 1990 to 1999




No. 1372. Selected Indexes of Manufacturing Activity by Country:1980 to 2000

[1992=100. Data relate to employees (wage and salary earners) in Belgium and Italy, and to all employed persons (employees,self-employed workers, and unpaid family workers) in the other countries. Minus sign (-) indicates decrease. For explanation of aver-age annual percent change, see Guide to Tabular Presentation]

Index UnitedStates

Can-ada Japan

Bel-gium France

Ger-many Italy

Neth-erlands

Nor-way

Swe-den

UnitedKing-dom

Output per hour:1980. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70.5 74.4 63.2 65.4 66.6 (NA) 69.6 68.7 76.7 73.1 54.31985. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86.0 92.2 76.5 87.0 79.1 (NA) 84.1 88.4 90.2 86.2 71.11990. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96.9 94.7 94.4 96.8 93.6 (NA) 92.2 98.4 96.6 94.6 89.11995. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113.8 111.3 111.0 113.2 114.7 112.8 109.4 118.0 102.0 121.9 104.81999. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135.1 114.9 125.8 128.9 132.9 122.4 111.8 127.7 103.1 143.5 110.82000. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144.7 116.3 132.6 132.8 140.5 129.8 115.7 (NA) 104.2 150.4 116.4Average annual percent change:

1979-85 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.5 3.4 3.5 6.0 3.0 (NA) 4.0 4.4 2.4 3.1 4.41985-90 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.4 0.5 4.3 2.2 3.4 (NA) 1.9 2.2 1.4 1.9 4.61990-2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.1 2.1 3.5 3.2 4.1 (NA) 2.3 (NA) 0.8 4.7 2.7

Compensation per hour,national currency basis: 1

1980. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55.6 47.6 58.5 52.5 40.8 (NA) 28.5 64.4 39.0 37.3 32.31985. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75.1 71.9 72.4 75.3 72.8 (NA) 60.8 81.8 63.4 58.6 52.31990. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90.8 88.3 90.5 90.1 90.6 (NA) 84.4 90.8 92.3 87.8 81.61995. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107.9 106.0 108.3 109.2 108.5 118.2 112.7 110.6 109.2 106.5 107.81999. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122.1 113.1 115.5 116.8 118.6 129.6 127.5 123.5 133.4 127.5 124.52000. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130.1 117.0 115.5 119.8 124.9 134.2 131.2 (NA) 140.1 130.7 129.1Average annual percent change:

1979-85 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.2 9.1 4.7 8.1 12.8 (NA) 16.5 5.0 10.0 9.8 11.81985-90 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.9 4.2 4.6 3.7 4.5 (NA) 6.8 2.1 7.8 8.4 9.31990-2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.7 2.9 2.5 2.9 3.3 (NA) 4.5 (NA) 4.3 4.1 4.7

Real hourly compensation: 1 2


1979-85 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.8 1.1 1.1 1.1 2.3 (NA) 1.3 0.4 0.6 -0.5 2.61985-90 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.2 -0.4 3.2 1.5 1.4 (NA) 1.0 1.3 1.5 2.2 3.21990-2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.1 0.9 1.6 0.8 1.5 (NA) 0.8 (NA) 1.9 1.7 1.6

Unit labor costs, national currency:1980. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78.8 63.9 92.5 80.3 61.3 (NA) 41.0 93.7 50.8 51.0 59.41985. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87.3 78.0 94.6 86.5 92.0 (NA) 72.2 92.5 70.2 68.0 73.61990. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93.7 93.3 95.9 93.0 96.8 (NA) 91.5 92.3 95.6 92.9 91.61995. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94.8 95.2 97.6 96.4 94.6 104.7 103.0 93.7 107.0 87.4 102.91999. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90.4 98.4 91.8 90.6 89.3 105.9 114.0 96.7 129.5 88.8 112.42000. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89.9 100.6 87.1 90.2 88.9 103.4 113.4 (NA) 134.5 86.9 110.9Average annual percent change:

1979-85 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.6 5.5 1.1 2.0 9.5 (NA) 12.0 0.5 7.4 6.5 7.11985-90 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.4 3.7 0.3 1.5 1.0 (NA) 4.8 -0.1 6.4 6.4 4.51990-2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.4 0.8 -1.0 -0.3 -0.9 (NA) 2.2 (NA) 3.5 -0.7 1.9

Unit labor costs, U.S. dollar basis: 3


1979-85 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.6 2.8 -0.3 -9.3 -3.3 (NA) -2.5 -7.6 -1.7 -5.2 -1.31985-90 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.4 7.0 10.8 13.8 11.6 (NA) 15.1 12.7 13.3 14.7 11.31990-2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.4 -1.6 2.0 -2.9 -3.5 (NA) -3.4 (NA) - -4.9 0.3

Employment:1980. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111.6 115.1 88.9 119.3 125.0 (NA) 124.7 107.8 134.5 130.9 151.81985. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106.0 106.8 93.5 104.0 110.3 (NA) 104.8 95.4 120.7 122.0 120.61990. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105.4 113.2 97.5 102.5 105.4 (NA) 106.4 101.1 105.4 117.2 115.51995. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102.5 104.8 90.1 91.9 92.1 86.2 97.2 91.3 107.2 97.9 98.81999. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102.4 118.5 83.2 88.7 89.7 82.6 98.8 93.4 111.6 98.7 96.82000. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101.7 123.7 81.7 90.3 90.8 83.2 98.9 (NA) 108.7 100.0 93.2Average annual percent change:

1979-85 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -1.4 -1.3 1.2 -2.6 -2.3 (NA) -2.8 -2.2 -1.8 -1.2 -4.61985-90 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.1 1.2 0.8 -0.3 -0.9 (NA) 0.3 1.2 -2.7 -0.8 -0.91990-2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.4 0.9 -1.8 -1.3 -1.5 (NA) -0.7 (NA) 0.3 -1.6 -2.1

Aggregate hours:1980. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107.5 114.6 95.6 119.7 133.2 (NA) 121.3 111.8 135.0 124.0 160.51985. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104.6 106.4 100.3 102.4 110.4 (NA) 100.8 96.7 120.2 119.4 125.21990. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104.8 113.5 102.9 104.3 105.9 (NA) 107.8 101.5 103.7 116.4 118.11995. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104.0 106.4 89.1 92.0 91.5 84.5 98.0 91.6 106.8 105.3 102.81999. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104.3 122.6 80.3 91.3 88.3 79.6 98.6 93.0 110.6 107.1 99.42000. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103.4 128.0 80.6 91.8 86.2 79.4 98.5 (NA) 106.4 108.6 96.1Average annual percent change:

1979-85 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -1.2 -1.5 1.1 -3.2 -3.3 (NA) -2.9 -2.5 -1.8 -0.8 -5.31985-90 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - 1.3 0.5 0.4 -0.8 (NA) 1.3 1.0 -2.9 -0.5 -1.21990-2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.1 1.2 -2.4 -1.3 -2.0 (NA) -0.9 (NA) 0.3 -0.7 -2.0

- Represents or rounds to zero. NA Not available. 1 Compensation includes, but real hourly compensation excludes,adjustments for payroll and employment taxes that are not compensation to employees, but are labor costs to employers. 2 Indexof hourly compensation divided by the index of consumer prices to adjust for changes in purchasing power. 3 Indexes in nationalcurrency adjusted for changes in prevailing exchange rates.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, International Comparisons of Manufacturing Productivity and Unit Labor Cost Trends,August 31, 2001.



No. 1373. Indexes of Hourly Compensation Costs for Production Workers inManufacturing by Country: 1980 to 2000

[United States=100. Compensation costs include pay for time worked, other direct pay (including holiday and vacation pay,bonuses, other direct payments, and the cost of pay in kind), employer expenditures for legally required insurance programs andcontractual and private benefit plans, and for some countries, other labor taxes. Data adjusted for exchange rates. Area averagesare trade-weighted to account for difference in countries’ relative importance to U.S. trade in manufactured goods. The tradeweights used are the sum of U.S. imports of manufactured products for consumption (customs value) and U.S. exports of domesticmanufactured products (f.a.s. value) in 1992; see source for detail]

Area or country 1980 1985 1990 1995 1999 2000

United States . . . . . . 100 100 100 100 100 100Total 1 . . . . . . . . 67 52 83 95 80 76

OECD 2 . . . . . . . . . . 74 57 90 103 86 82Europe . . . . . . . . . . . 100 61 116 128 107 93Asian newly industrial-izing economies 3 . . . 12 13 25 37 33 34

Canada. . . . . . . . . . . 88 84 107 94 82 81Mexico . . . . . . . . . . . 22 12 11 9 11 12Australia 4 . . . . . . . . . 86 63 88 89 82 71Hong Kong 5 . . . . . . . 15 13 22 28 29 28Israel . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 31 57 61 62 65Japan . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 49 86 139 109 111Korea, South . . . . . . . 10 10 25 42 37 41New Zealand . . . . . . . 53 34 55 58 48 41Singapore . . . . . . . . . 15 19 25 43 37 37Sri Lanka. . . . . . . . . . 2 2 2 3 2 (NA)Taiwan 6 . . . . . . . . . . 10 12 26 35 29 30

Area or country 1980 1985 1990 1995 1999 2000

Austria 7 . . . . . . . . . . 90 58 119 147 114 98Belgium. . . . . . . . . . . 133 69 129 161 125 106Denmark . . . . . . . . . . 110 63 121 140 120 103Finland 8 . . . . . . . . . . 84 63 141 140 112 98France . . . . . . . . . . . 91 58 104 116 94 83Germany 7 9. . . . . . . . 124 73 146 184 140 121Greece . . . . . . . . . . . 38 28 45 53 (NA) (NA)Ireland . . . . . . . . . . . 61 46 79 80 71 63Italy . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 59 117 94 87 74Luxembourg. . . . . . . . 122 60 112 132 98 84Netherlands . . . . . . . . 122 67 121 140 112 96Norway . . . . . . . . . . . 117 80 144 142 125 111Portugal . . . . . . . . . . 21 12 25 31 28 24Spain . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 36 76 75 63 55Sweden. . . . . . . . . . . 127 74 140 125 113 101Switzerland . . . . . . . . 112 74 140 170 123 107United Kingdom . . . . . 77 48 85 80 86 80

NA Not available. 1 The 28 foreign economies shown below. 2 Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development;see text of this section. 3 Hong Kong, South Korea, Singapore, and Taiwan. 4 Includes non-production workers, except inmanagerial, executive, professional, and higher supervisory positions. 5 Average of selected manufacturing industries. 6 Seefootnote 2, Table 1327. 7 Excludes workers in establishments considered handicraft manufactures (including all printing andpublishing and miscellaneous manufacturing in Austria). 8 Includes workers in mining and electrical power plants. 9 FormerWest Germany.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, News Release USDL 01-311, September 25, 2001.

No. 1374. Motor Vehicle Transportation Indicators for Selected Countries:1998

[131,839 represents 131,839,000]

Item UnitedStates Canada France

Ger-many Japan Mexico Sweden

UnitedKingdom

NUMBER 1 (1,000)

Automobiles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131,839 13,487 26,800 41,674 49,896 9,379 3,792 22,115Motorcycles 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,879 319 (NA) 2,926 14,537 270 252 684Buses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 716 64 82 83 238 109 15 80Trucks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79,062 7,237 5,418 4,273 20,813 4,404 338 3,089

Per 1,000 persons:Automobiles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 487.7 439.7 455.7 507.7 396.2 95.2 426.7 375.0Motorcycles 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.4 10.4 51.9 35.6 115.4 2.7 28.4 11.6Buses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.6 2.1 1.4 1.0 1.9 1.1 1.7 1.4Trucks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 292.5 235.9 92.1 52.1 165.3 44.7 38.1 52.4

ROADS 3

Total kilometers (1,000) . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,310 902 893 656 1,152 324 211 372Kilometers per 1,000 persons . . . . . . . . 23.34 31.29 15.19 7.99 9.15 3.29 23.73 6.3Kilometers per square kilometer . . . . . . . 0.69 0.10 1.64 1.88 3.07 0.17 0.51 1.54

VEHICLE KILOMETERS OF TRAVEL 4

Automobiles (bil.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,488 (NA) 382 525 476 (NA) 57 368Motorcycles (bil.) 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 (NA) (NA) 14 (NA) (NA) 1 4Buses (bil.). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 (NA) 2 4 7 (NA) 1 5Trucks (bil.) 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,710 (NA) 107 55 262 (NA) 9 32

AVERAGE VEHICLE KILOMETERSPER VEHICLE 4

Automobiles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,870 (NA) 14,254 12,593 9,532 (NA) 15,029 16,631Motorcycles 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,257 (NA) (NA) 4,922 (NA) (NA) 2,378 5,848Buses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,735 (NA) 28,049 44,426 27,938 (NA) 78,684 61,250Trucks 5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22,512 (NA) 21,503 12,777 11,915 (NA) 27,788 14,501

NA Not available. 1 Data for automobiles, motorcycles, and buses for Canada are for 1997. 2 Includes mopeds. 3 Datafor Canada are for 1995 and data for Mexico and Japan are for 1997. 4 Data for automobiles, buses, and trucks for Germany,Japan, and United Kingdom are for 1997. 5 Includes two-axle four-tire vehicles that are not cars. These are vans, sport-utilityvehicles and pickup trucks. Non-U.S. data excludes travel by combination trucks.

Source: U.S. Federal Highway Administration, Highway Statistics, 1999.



No. 1375. Newspapers, Radio, Television, Telephones, and Computersby Country

[Rates per 1,000 persons. See text of this section for general comments about the data. For data qualifications for countries, seesource]

Country

Dailynewspaper

circulation, 1

1996

Radioreceivers, 2

1997

Televisionreceivers, 3

1997

Telephonemain lines,

2000

Cellular phonesubscribers,

2000

Personalcomputers, 4

2000

Algeria . . . . . . . . . . 38 242 105 552 52 56Argentina . . . . . . . . 123 681 223 215 5121 51Australia . . . . . . . . . 296 1,391 554 524 446 465Austria . . . . . . . . . . 296 751 525 474 786 276Belgium . . . . . . . . . 161 797 466 499 549 344Brazil . . . . . . . . . . . 40 434 223 5149 136 44Bulgaria . . . . . . . . . 254 537 394 5354 90 527Canada . . . . . . . . . 158 1,067 710 5654 5225 390Chile . . . . . . . . . . . 98 354 215 221 224 85China 6. . . . . . . . . . (NA) 335 321 586 67 16Colombia . . . . . . . . 46 524 115 5160 575 534Cuba . . . . . . . . . . . 118 352 239 44 1 510Czech Republic . . . . 254 803 531 5371 422 122Denmark. . . . . . . . . 311 1,145 594 705 665 432Dominican Republic . 52 178 95 598 550 (NA)Ecuador . . . . . . . . . 70 348 130 591 531 520Egypt . . . . . . . . . . . 38 317 119 81 20 512Finland. . . . . . . . . . 455 1,498 622 5552 726 396France . . . . . . . . . . 218 946 595 580 494 305Germany . . . . . . . . 311 948 567 601 586 336Ghana . . . . . . . . . . 14 236 93 12 6 53Greece. . . . . . . . . . (NA) 475 240 5528 559 70Guatemala . . . . . . . 33 79 61 57 530 510Honduras . . . . . . . . 55 410 95 46 24 510Hungary . . . . . . . . . 186 690 435 5371 293 85India . . . . . . . . . . . (NA) 120 65 32 4 5Indonesia . . . . . . . . 23 155 68 31 17 10Iran . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 263 71 149 15 556Iraq . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 229 83 530 5- (NA)Ireland . . . . . . . . . . 149 697 402 5478 597 365Israel . . . . . . . . . . . 288 524 288 463 702 254Italy . . . . . . . . . . . . 104 880 528 5462 737 209Jamaica . . . . . . . . . 63 483 183 199 142 543Japan . . . . . . . . . . 578 956 686 5558 526 315Korea, South . . . . . . (NA) 1,039 348 464 567 190Kuwait . . . . . . . . . . 377 678 505 5240 5158 5121Lebanon . . . . . . . . . 141 907 375 5201 5194 546Malaysia . . . . . . . . . 163 434 172 211 155 105Mexico . . . . . . . . . . 97 329 272 125 142 51Morocco . . . . . . . . . 27 247 115 50 83 511Netherlands . . . . . . 306 980 519 5607 671 395New Zealand. . . . . . 216 997 512 5496 5366 360Norway. . . . . . . . . . 590 917 462 729 703 491Pakistan . . . . . . . . . (NA) 94 22 522 52 54Panama . . . . . . . . . 62 299 187 5164 583 532Peru . . . . . . . . . . . 84 273 126 64 540 536Philippines . . . . . . . 82 161 52 40 84 20Poland . . . . . . . . . . 113 522 337 5263 181 69Portugal . . . . . . . . . 75 306 336 431 665 105Puerto Rico. . . . . . . 127 714 270 5333 5209 (NA)Romania. . . . . . . . . (NA) 319 233 5167 112 527Russia . . . . . . . . . . 105 417 410 217 19 43Saudi Arabia . . . . . . 59 321 262 5129 540 557Singapore . . . . . . . . 324 744 388 485 684 483South Africa . . . . . . 34 355 134 5125 5120 62Spain . . . . . . . . . . . 99 331 409 421 609 143Sweden . . . . . . . . . 445 932 519 5665 703 507Switzerland . . . . . . . 331 979 457 720 645 502Syria . . . . . . . . . . . 20 278 70 104 2 514Taiwan 6 . . . . . . . . . 7156 (NA) (NA) 568 803 225Thailand . . . . . . . . . 64 234 254 586 44 24Turkey . . . . . . . . . . 110 178 330 280 246 38United Kingdom . . . . 331 1,443 521 5567 670 338United States . . . . . 212 2,116 806 5673 400 585Uruguay . . . . . . . . . 293 603 239 5271 595 5100Venezuela. . . . . . . . 206 472 180 5109 5143 46

- Represents zero. NA Not available. 1 Publications containing general news and appearing at least 4 times a week; mayrange in size from a single sheet to 50 or more pages. Circulation data refer to average circulation per issue or number of printedcopies per issue and include copies sold outside the country. 2 Data cover estimated number of receivers in use and apply toall types of receivers for radio broadcasts to the public, including receivers connected to a radio ‘‘redistribution system’’ butexcluding television sets. 3 Estimated number of sets in use. 4 In many countries mainframe computers are used extensively,and thousands of users can be connected to a single mainframe computer; thus the number of PCs understates the total use ofcomputers. 5 1999 data. 6 See footnote 2, Table 1327. 7 1998 data. Source: U.S. Census Bureau. Data from Republic ofChina publications.

Source: Except as noted, Newspapers, radio, and television—United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organiza-tion, Montreal, Canada, Statistical Yearbook, (copyright); telephones, cellular phones, and personal computers—InternationalTelecommunications Union, Geneva, Switzerland, World Telecommunication Indicators, (copyright).



No. 1376. Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Sector—ValueAdded by Country: 1997

[14,402 represents $14,402,000,000. Dollar values are expressed in terms of purchasing power parities; see footnote 2, Table 1340.The information and communication technology sector is defined as including the following industrial classes from revision 3 of theInternational Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC): Manufacturing—3000-Office, accounting and computing machinery; 3130-Insulated wire and cable; 3210-Electronic valves and tubes and other electronic components; 3220-Television and radio transmit-ters and apparatus for line telephony and line telegraphy; 3230-Television and radio receivers, sound or video recording or reproducingapparatus, and associated goods; 3312-Instruments and appliances for measuring, checking, testing, navigating and other purposes,except industrial process equipment; 3313-Industrial process control equipment; Services— 5150-Wholesaling of machinery, equip-ment and supplies (where possible, member countries were asked to limit this class to include only the wholesaling of ICT goodsas shown in the manufacturing component of the definition shown above); 7123-Renting of office machinery and equipment (includ-ing computers); 6420-Telecommunications; 72-Computer and related activities]

Country Total(mil. dol.)

Percent ofproduction

in ICT

Per employeein ICT(dol.)

Percent of valueadded in total

business sector

Australia 1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,402 31.6 73,636 4.1Austria 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,379 32.3 56,917 6.8Belgium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,029 28.8 76,926 5.8Canada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34,965 40.7 81,324 6.5Czech Republic 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,733 43.4 37,716 4.7Finland. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,139 32.0 69,894 8.3France . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46,033 46.0 67,592 5.3Germany 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89,154 (NA) 91,534 6.1Hungary 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,048 38.8 44,765 9.2Italy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53,837 39.5 80,183 5.8Japan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151,909 35.9 73,743 5.8Korea, South 3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62,722 48.1 135,635 10.7Netherlands 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,131 47.6 71,008 5.1Norway 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,670 51.0 49,641 6.4Portugal 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,155 36.4 65,267 5.6Sweden . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,773 31.4 67,588 9.3United Kingdom . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81,919 35.6 73,692 8.4United States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 581,540 49.5 128,629 8.7

NA Not available. 1 Data for year 1998-99. 2 Includes all of Wholesale of machinery, equipment and supplies (ISIC5150). 3 Excludes all of Wholesale of machinery, equipment and supplies (ISIC 5150). 4 Data for year 1995.

Source: Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, Paris, France, Measuring the ICT Sector, 2000

No. 1377. Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Sector—Research and Development (R&D) Expenditures by Country: 1997

[822 represents $822,000,000. Dollar values are expressed in terms of purchasing power parities; see footnote 2, Table 1340.See headnote, Table 1376]

Country Total(mil. dol.)

Percent of valueadded for ICT

Percent ofR&D in total

business sector

Australia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 822 14.9 26.8Belgium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 612 6.1 20.1Canada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,129 8.9 43.7Czech Republic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 0.8 4.6Denmark. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 329 (NA) 21.1Finland. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 962 15.7 51.0France . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,366 9.5 26.4Germany . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,653 6.3 20.1Greece. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76 (NA) 46.9Hungary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 0.5 11.3Iceland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 (NA) 21.8Ireland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 378 (NA) 47.7Italy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,677 3.1 26.5Japan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26,127 17.2 40.4Korea, South . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,640 9.0 40.9Mexico . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 (NA) 0.2Netherlands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 791 5.6 19.6New Zealand. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 (NA) 17.7Norway. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 324 26.3 29.2Poland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 (NA) 7.6Portugal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 0.8 23.5Spain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 551 (NA) 21.4Sweden . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,427 12.1 27.9Turkey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140 (NA) 21.7United Kingdom . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,227 3.9 21.8United States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59,916 10.3 38.0

NA Not available. 1 Data for 1998-99. 2 Data for 1995.




No. 1378. Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Sector—Employment by Country: 1997

[196 represents 196,000. See headnote, Table 1376]

Country Total ICTemployment

(1,000)

Percent ofemploy-ment in

total busi-ness sector

Australia 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196 2.6Austria 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165 4.9Belgium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130 4.3Canada. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 430 4.6Czech Republic 2 . . . . . . . . . . . 152 3.3Denmark . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96 5.1Finland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88 5.6France . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 681 4.0Germany 3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 974 3.1Hungary 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157 5.7Iceland 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 4.2Ireland 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 4.6

Country Total ICTemployment

(1,000)

Percent ofemploy-ment in

total busi-ness sector

Italy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 671 3.5Japan 3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,060 3.4Korea, South 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 462 2.5Netherlands 3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199 3.8New Zealand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 2.1Norway 4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 5.3Portugal 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94 2.7Sweden . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174 6.3Switzerland 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172 6.0Turkey 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 0.5United Kingdom . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,112 4.8United States . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,521 3.9

1 Data for 1998-99. 2 Includes all of Wholesale of machinery, equipment and supplies (ISIC 5150). 3 Excludes all ofWholesale of machinery, equipment and supplies (ISIC 5150). 4 Data for 1996. 5 Data for 1998.


No. 1379. Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Sector—Foreign Trade by Country: 1998

[In millions of dollars, except as indicated (645,996 represents $645,996,000,000). See headnote, Table 1376]

Country

ICT goods and servicesTotal

imports ofgoods &services

Totalexports of

goods &services

Share of ICT in—

Imports Exports Balance

Totalimports

(percent)

Totalexports

(percent)

OECD, total. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 645,996 620,358 -25,638 4,880,076 4,978,405 13.2 12.5European Union 1. . . . . . . . . . . . 297,578 270,366 -27,212 2,514,582 2,670,379 11.8 10.1G7 countries 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 443,055 425,054 -18,001 3,293,874 3,327,553 13.5 12.8

Australia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,257 3,194 -7,062 78,535 71,993 13.1 4.4Austria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,862 4,754 -3,109 95,841 94,711 8.2 5.0Belgium-Luxembourg . . . . . . . . . 13,331 12,755 -575 179,139 189,208 7.4 6.7Canada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30,229 18,024 -12,205 242,918 251,563 12.4 7.2Czech Republic . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,629 1,876 -1,752 34,610 33,817 10.5 5.5Denmark 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,442 3,910 -1,532 42,951 46,859 12.7 8.3Finland. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,226 9,829 3,603 38,672 50,121 16.1 19.6France . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37,808 35,426 -2,382 340,042 377,817 11.1 9.4Germany . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64,173 53,580 -10,592 584,683 620,639 11.0 8.6Greece 3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,177 334 -1,843 25,233 7,988 8.6 4.2Hungary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,880 5,127 247 24,805 23,815 19.7 21.5Iceland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 264 39 -225 3,242 2,871 8.1 1.3Ireland 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,563 19,373 5,810 39,988 59,514 33.9 32.6Italy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23,377 13,742 -9,636 275,361 315,191 8.5 4.4Japan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47,026 101,358 54,332 348,384 422,608 13.5 24.0Korea, South . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,590 34,169 13,579 114,400 156,539 18.0 21.8Mexico 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24,513 27,761 3,248 138,135 129,610 17.7 21.4Netherlands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36,206 34,758 -1,447 216,487 238,410 16.7 14.6New Zealand. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,759 561 -1,198 15,623 15,928 11.3 3.5Norway. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,230 1,889 -2,341 53,982 54,623 7.8 3.5Poland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,100 1,954 -3,145 53,196 44,851 9.6 4.4Portugal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,729 2,149 -1,580 44,341 34,330 8.4 6.3Spain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,489 8,409 -5,080 156,038 158,003 8.6 5.3Sweden . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,700 15,515 2,815 89,222 104,177 14.2 14.9Switzerland 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,005 5,640 -3,365 95,494 105,469 9.4 5.3Turkey 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,992 1,309 -2,684 46,269 28,013 8.6 4.7United Kingdom . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57,497 55,831 -1,666 386,585 373,410 14.9 15.0United States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182,945 147,092 -35,853 1,115,900 966,325 16.4 15.2

1 For countries, see footnote 3, Table 1340. 2For countries, see headnote, Table 1341. 3 Trade of ICT goods only. Totalimports and total exports of goods and services include goods only. 4 Excludes computer and information services.




No. 1380. Dow-Jones World Stock Index by Country and Industry:1995 to 2000

[Index figures shown are as of December 31. Based on share prices denominated in U.S. dollars. Stocks in countries thatimpose significant restrictions on foreign ownership are included in the world index in the same proportion that shares are availableto foreign investors]

Country and Industry 1995 1998 1999 2000

World, total . . . . . . 132.4 192.1 245.3 210.9Americas. . . . . . . . . . . 145.3 268.5 330.5 299.1

United States . . . . . . 147.5 281.6 341.6 306.9Canada . . . . . . . . . . 112.9 149.3 223.4 225.4Mexico . . . . . . . . . . 79.0 89.0 170.1 132.2

Europe . . . . . . . . . . . . 131.0 234.0 269.2 241.1Austria . . . . . . . . . . 103.5 109.2 101.9 86.1Belgium . . . . . . . . . . 144.0 281.3 228.8 196.7Denmark . . . . . . . . . 113.0 187.9 199.9 243.9Finland . . . . . . . . . . 267.1 773.3 1,814.0 1,536.0France . . . . . . . . . . 117.9 210.4 274.5 252.6Germany . . . . . . . . . 133.9 226.1 260.7 218.8Ireland. . . . . . . . . . . 155.6 332.8 290.8 312.0Italy . . . . . . . . . . . . 80.3 202.3 203.3 192.0Netherlands . . . . . . . 176.0 341.9 365.0 335.3Norway . . . . . . . . . . 129.8 123.3 163.6 167.4Spain . . . . . . . . . . . 111.2 256.4 259.0 193.3Sweden . . . . . . . . . . 157.0 244.0 409.2 338.9Switzerland . . . . . . . 225.7 378.8 357.5 415.5United Kingdom . . . . 122.5 202.1 234.0 199.8

Country and Industry 1995 1998 1999 2000

Asia/Pacific . . . . . . . . . 118.5 77.3 133.3 93.0Australia . . . . . . . . . 132.9 140.9 173.4 156.2Hong Kong. . . . . . . . 201.9 172.5 288.8 245.6Indonesia. . . . . . . . . 174.7 40.4 71.7 31.2Japan . . . . . . . . . . . 111.1 71.2 128.3 88.3Malaysia . . . . . . . . . 224.3 78.2 111.8 88.5New Zealand . . . . . . 178.8 129.5 141.4 96.7Singapore . . . . . . . . 187.8 97.7 177.3 135.3Thailand . . . . . . . . . 119.5 123.3 175.4 95.9

Basic materials. . . . . . . 128.1 105.3 134.6 117.7Consumer, cyclical . . . . 131.7 186.6 240.0 188.0Consumer, noncyclical . . 125.5 198.0 205.2 180.8Energy . . . . . . . . . . . . 132.7 174.2 211.2 230.7Financial . . . . . . . . . . . 134.9 181.9 192.2 207.1Healthcare. . . . . . . . . . 133.3 266.8 254.0 329.8Industrial . . . . . . . . . . . 124.0 143.2 199.3 167.1Technology . . . . . . . . . 188.1 431.8 856.8 552.4Telecommunications . . . 146.8 278.8 458.3 273.3Utilities . . . . . . . . . . . . 118.8 156.8 133.6 156.0

Source: Dow Jones & Company, Inc., New York, NY, Dow Jones Indexes, (copyright).

No. 1381. Foreign Stock Market Activity—Morgan Stanley Capital InternationalIndexes: 1995 to 2000




No. 1382. Foreign Stock Market Indices: 1980 to 2000

[As of year end. The DAX index is a total return index which includes dividends, whereas the other foreign indices are price indi-ces which exclude dividends]

Year LondonFTSE 100

TokyoNikkei 225

Hong KongHang Seng

GermanyDAX-30

ParisCAC-40

1980 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 647 7,116 1,477 481 (X)1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,413 13,113 1,752 1,366 (X)1990 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,144 23,849 3,025 1,398 1,5181991 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,493 22,984 4,297 1,578 1,7661992 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,847 16,925 5,512 1,545 1,8581993 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,418 17,417 11,888 2,267 2,2681994 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,066 19,723 8,191 2,107 1,8811995 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,689 19,868 10,073 2,254 1,8721996 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,119 19,361 13,452 2,889 2,3161997 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,136 15,259 10,723 4,250 2,9991998 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,883 13,842 9,507 5,002 3,9431999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,930 18,934 16,962 6,958 5,9582000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,223 13,786 15,096 6,434 5,926

X Not applicable.

Source: Global Financial Data, Los Angeles, CA, <http://www.globalfindata.com>, unpublished data (copyright).

No. 1383. United States and Foreign Stock Markets—Market Capitalizationand Value of Shares Traded: 1990 to 2000

[In billions of U.S. dollars (3,059.4 represents $3,059,400,000,000). Market capitalization is the market value of all domesticlisted companies at the end of the year. The market value of a company is the share price times the number of shares outstanding.Value of shares traded is the annual total turnover of listed company shares]

CountryMarket capitalization Value of shares traded

1990 1995 1999 2000 1990 1995 1999 2000

United States . . . . . . . . 3,059.4 6,857.6 (NA) 15,104.0 1,751.3 5,108.6 (NA) 31,862.5Argentina . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3 37.8 83.9 166.1 0.9 4.6 7.8 6.0Australia . . . . . . . . . . . . 107.6 245.2 (NA) 372.8 40.1 98.7 (NA) 226.3Austria . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.5 32.5 (NA) 29.9 18.6 25.8 (NA) 9.4Belgium . . . . . . . . . . . . 65.4 105.0 (NA) 182.5 6.4 15.2 (NA) 38.0Brazil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16.4 147.6 228.0 226.2 5.6 79.2 87.3 101.3Canada . . . . . . . . . . . . 241.9 366.3 (NA) 841.4 71.3 183.7 (NA) 634.7Chile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.6 73.9 68.2 60.4 0.8 11.1 6.9 6.1China 1. . . . . . . . . . . . . (NA) 42.1 330.7 581.0 (NA) 49.8 377.1 721.5Denmark. . . . . . . . . . . . 39.1 56.2 (NA) 107.7 11.1 25.9 (NA) 91.6Egypt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.8 8.1 32.8 28.7 0.1 0.7 9.0 11.1Finland. . . . . . . . . . . . . 22.7 44.1 (NA) 293.6 3.9 19.0 (NA) 206.6France . . . . . . . . . . . . . 314.4 522.1 (NA) 1,446.6 116.9 364.6 (NA) 1,083.3Germany . . . . . . . . . . . 355.1 577.4 (NA) 1,270.2 501.8 573.5 (NA) 1,069.1Greece. . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.2 17.1 204.2 110.8 3.9 6.1 188.7 95.1Hong Kong . . . . . . . . . . 83.4 303.7 (NA) 623.4 34.6 106.9 (NA) 377.9India . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38.6 127.2 184.6 148.1 21.9 13.7 278.8 509.8Indonesia . . . . . . . . . . . 8.1 66.6 64.1 26.8 4.0 14.4 19.9 14.3Iran . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (NA) 6.6 (NA) 34.0 (NA) 0.7 2.3 5.0Ireland . . . . . . . . . . . . . (NA) 25.8 (NA) 81.9 (NA) 13.2 (NA) 14.4Israel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3 36.4 63.8 64.1 5.5 9.2 15.5 23.4Italy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148.8 209.5 (NA) 768.4 42.6 86.9 (NA) 778.4Japan . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,917.7 3,667.3 (NA) 3,157.2 1,602.4 1,231.6 (NA) 2,693.9Korea, South . . . . . . . . . 110.6 182.0 308.5 171.6 75.9 185.2 825.8 1,067.7Luxembourg . . . . . . . . . 10.5 30.4 (NA) 34.0 0.1 0.2 (NA) 1.2Malaysia . . . . . . . . . . . . 48.6 222.7 145.4 116.9 10.9 76.8 48.5 58.5Mexico . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32.7 90.7 154.0 125.2 12.2 34.4 36.0 45.3Morocco . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.0 6.0 13.7 10.9 0.1 2.4 2.5 1.1Netherlands . . . . . . . . . 119.8 356.5 (NA) 640.5 40.2 248.6 (NA) 677.2New Zealand. . . . . . . . . 8.8 32.0 (NA) 18.6 1.9 8.4 (NA) 10.8Norway. . . . . . . . . . . . . 26.1 44.6 (NA) 65.0 14.0 24.4 (NA) 60.1Philippines . . . . . . . . . . 5.9 58.9 48.1 51.6 1.2 14.7 19.7 8.2Poland . . . . . . . . . . . . . (NA) 4.6 29.6 31.3 (NA) 2.8 11.1 14.6Portugal . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2 18.4 (NA) 60.7 1.7 4.2 (NA) 54.4Russia . . . . . . . . . . . . . (NA) 15.9 72.2 38.9 (NA) 0.5 2.8 20.3Saudi Arabia . . . . . . . . . (NA) 40.9 60.4 67.2 (NA) 6.2 14.8 17.3Singapore . . . . . . . . . . . 34.3 148.0 (NA) 152.8 20.3 60.5 (NA) 91.5South Africa . . . . . . . . . 137.5 280.5 262.5 205.0 8.2 17.0 72.9 77.5Spain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111.4 197.8 (NA) 504.2 41.0 59.8 (NA) 985.9Sweden . . . . . . . . . . . . 97.9 178.0 (NA) 328.3 17.6 93.2 (NA) 390.0Switzerland . . . . . . . . . . 160.0 433.6 (NA) 792.3 (NA) 310.9 (NA) 609.1Taiwan 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.7 187.2 376.0 247.6 715.0 383.1 910.0 983.5Thailand . . . . . . . . . . . . 23.9 141.5 58.4 29.5 22.9 57.0 41.6 23.3Turkey . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19.1 20.8 112.7 69.7 5.8 51.4 81.3 179.2United Kingdom . . . . . . . 848.9 1,407.7 (NA) 2,580.0 278.7 510.1 (NA) 1,835.3

NA Not available. 1 See footnote 2, Table 1327.

Source: Standard and Poor’s, New York, NY, Standard & Poor’s Emerging Stock Markets Factbook 2001 (copyright).



No. 1384. Foreign Exchange Rates: 2000

[Foreign currency units per U.S. dollar. Rates shown include market, official, principal, and secondary rates, as published by theInternational Monetary Fund in International Financial Statistics]

Country Currency 2000

Afghanistan 1. . . . . . . . . . Afghanis . . . . . . . . 4,726Albania. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Leks . . . . . . . . . . . 143.7Algeria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Algerian Dinar. . . . . 75.26Antigua and Barbuda . . . . E. Caribbean Dollar . 2.7Argentina . . . . . . . . . . . . Pesos . . . . . . . . . . 1Armenia . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dram . . . . . . . . . . 539.5Aruba. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Aruban Florins . . . . 1.79Australia . . . . . . . . . . . . . Australian Dollar . . . 1.72Austria 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . Schillings . . . . . . . . 14.94Bahamas, The . . . . . . . . . Bahamian Dollar . . . 1Bahrain . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dinars . . . . . . . . . . 0.38Bangladesh. . . . . . . . . . . Taka . . . . . . . . . . . 52.14Barbados . . . . . . . . . . . . Barbados Dollar . . . 2Belarus. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rubel . . . . . . . . . . 1,180Belgium 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . Francs. . . . . . . . . . 43.77Belize. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Belize Dollar. . . . . . 2Benin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cfa Francs. . . . . . . 712.0Bolivia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bolivianos . . . . . . . 6.18Botswana . . . . . . . . . . . . Pula . . . . . . . . . . . 5.1Brazil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Reals . . . . . . . . . . 1.83Bulgaria . . . . . . . . . . . . . Leva . . . . . . . . . . . 2.12Burkina Faso. . . . . . . . . . Cfa Francs. . . . . . . 712.0Burma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kyats . . . . . . . . . . 6.52Cambodia . . . . . . . . . . . . Riels . . . . . . . . . . . 3,841Cameroon. . . . . . . . . . . . Cfa Francs. . . . . . . 712.0Canada . . . . . . . . . . . . . Canadian Dollar . . . 1.49Central African Republic . . Cfa Francs. . . . . . . 712.0Chad . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cfa Francs. . . . . . . 712.0Chile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pesos . . . . . . . . . . 535.5China 3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Yuan. . . . . . . . . . . 8.28Colombia . . . . . . . . . . . . Pesos . . . . . . . . . . 2,088Comoros. . . . . . . . . . . . . Comorian Francs. . . 534.0Congo (Brazzaville) 4 . . . . Cfa Francs. . . . . . . 712.0Costa Rica . . . . . . . . . . . Colones. . . . . . . . . 308.2Cote d’Ivoire . . . . . . . . . . Cfa Francs. . . . . . . 712.0Croatia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kuna. . . . . . . . . . . 8.28Cyprus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cyprus Pounds . . . . 0.62Czech Republic . . . . . . . . Koruny . . . . . . . . . 38.6Denmark. . . . . . . . . . . . . Kroner. . . . . . . . . . 8.07Djibouti. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Djibouti Francs . . . . 177.7Dominica . . . . . . . . . . . . E.Caribbean Dollar . 2.7Dominican Republic . . . . . Pesos . . . . . . . . . . 16.42Ecuador . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sucres . . . . . . . . . 24,988Egypt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Egyptian Pounds. . . 3.69El Salvador . . . . . . . . . . . Colones. . . . . . . . . 8.76Equatorial Guinea . . . . . . Cfa Francs. . . . . . . 712.0Estonia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Krooni . . . . . . . . . . 16.97Ethiopia 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . Birr . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.22Euro area (EMU-11) 2 . . . . Euro . . . . . . . . . . . 1.09Fiji . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fiji Dollar . . . . . . . . 1.97Finland 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . Markkaa . . . . . . . . 6.45France 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . Francs. . . . . . . . . . 7.12Gabon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cfa Francs. . . . . . . 712.0Georgia . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lari. . . . . . . . . . . . 1.98Germany 2 . . . . . . . . . . . Deutsche Mark . . . . 2.13Greece. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Drachmas . . . . . . . 365.4Guatemala . . . . . . . . . . . Quetzales . . . . . . . 7.76Guyana . . . . . . . . . . . . . Guyana Dollar . . . . 181.6Haiti. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gourdes . . . . . . . . 21.17Honduras . . . . . . . . . . . . Lempiras . . . . . . . . 14.84Hong Kong . . . . . . . . . . . Hong Kong Dollar . . 7.79Hungary . . . . . . . . . . . . . Forint . . . . . . . . . . 282.2Iceland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kronur. . . . . . . . . . 78.62India . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rupees . . . . . . . . . 44.94Indonesia . . . . . . . . . . . . Rupiah . . . . . . . . . 8,422Iran . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rials . . . . . . . . . . . 7,764Iraq . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dinars . . . . . . . . . . 0.31Ireland 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . Irish Pounds. . . . . . 0.86Israel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New Sheqalim . . . . 4.08Italy 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lire. . . . . . . . . . . . 2,111Jamaica . . . . . . . . . . . . . Jamaica Dollars . . . 42.7Japan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Yen. . . . . . . . . . . . 107.8Jordan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dinars . . . . . . . . . . 0.71Kazakhstan . . . . . . . . . . . Tenge . . . . . . . . . . 142.1Kenya . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kenya Shillings . . . . 76.18Korea, South . . . . . . . . . . Won . . . . . . . . . . . 1,131Kuwait . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dinars . . . . . . . . . . 0.31Kyrgyzstan . . . . . . . . . . . Soms . . . . . . . . . . 47.7

Country Currency 2000

Laos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kip . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,888Latvia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lats . . . . . . . . . . . 0.61Lebanon . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lebanese Pounds . . 1,508Lesotho . . . . . . . . . . . . . Loti . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.94Liberia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Liberian Dollar . . . . 40.85Libya . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Libyan Dinars . . . . . 0.5Lithuania . . . . . . . . . . . . Litai . . . . . . . . . . . 4Luxembourg 2 . . . . . . . . . Francs. . . . . . . . . . 43.77Macedonia, The FormerYugoslav Republic of. . . . Denar . . . . . . . . . . 65.9

Madagascar . . . . . . . . . . Malagasy Francs. . . 6,768Malaysia . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ringgit . . . . . . . . . 3.8Mali . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cfa Francs. . . . . . . 712.0Malta . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Maltese Liri . . . . . . 0.44Mauritania. . . . . . . . . . . . Ouguiyas . . . . . . . . 238.9Mauritius. . . . . . . . . . . . . Rupees . . . . . . . . . 26.25Mexico . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New Pesos . . . . . . 9.46Moldova . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lei . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.43Mongolia. . . . . . . . . . . . . Tugriks . . . . . . . . . 1,077Morocco . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dirhams. . . . . . . . . 10.63Mozambique . . . . . . . . . . Meticais. . . . . . . . . 15,447Namibia . . . . . . . . . . . . . Namibia Dollar . . . . 6.94Nepal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rupees . . . . . . . . . 71.09Netherlands 2 . . . . . . . . . Guilders. . . . . . . . . 2.39Netherlands Antilles . . . . . Guilders. . . . . . . . . 1.79New Zealand. . . . . . . . . . New Zealand Dollar . 2.19Nicaragua . . . . . . . . . . . . Cordobas. . . . . . . . 12.69Niger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cfa Francs. . . . . . . 712.0Nigeria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Naira. . . . . . . . . . . 101.4Norway. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kroner. . . . . . . . . . 8.8Oman . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rials Omani . . . . . . 0.38Pakistan . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rupees . . . . . . . . . 52.81Panama . . . . . . . . . . . . . Balboas. . . . . . . . . 1Papua New Guinea . . . . . Kina . . . . . . . . . . . 2.76Paraguay . . . . . . . . . . . . Guaranies . . . . . . . 3,486Peru . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nuevos Soles . . . . . 3.49Philippines . . . . . . . . . . . Pesos . . . . . . . . . . 44.19Poland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Zlotys . . . . . . . . . . 4.35Portugal 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . Escudos . . . . . . . . 217.5Qatar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Riyals . . . . . . . . . . 3.64Romania. . . . . . . . . . . . . Lei . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,709Russia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rubles . . . . . . . . . 28.13Rwanda . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rwanda Francs. . . . 389.7Saint Kitts and Nevis. . . . . E.Caribbean Dollar . 2.7Saint Lucia . . . . . . . . . . . E.Caribbean Dollar . 2.7Saint Vincent and theGrenadines . . . . . . . . . . E.Caribbean Dollar . 2.7

Saudi Arabia . . . . . . . . . . Riyals . . . . . . . . . . 3.75Senegal . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cfa Francs. . . . . . . 712.0Sierra Leone . . . . . . . . . . Leones . . . . . . . . . 2,092Singapore . . . . . . . . . . . . Singapore Dollar . . . 1.72Slovakia . . . . . . . . . . . . . Koruny . . . . . . . . . 46.4Slovenia . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tolars . . . . . . . . . . 222.7South Africa . . . . . . . . . . Rand . . . . . . . . . . 6.94Spain 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pesetas. . . . . . . . . 180.5Sri Lanka . . . . . . . . . . . . Rupees . . . . . . . . . 77Sudan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sudanese Pounds . . 257.1Suriname 1 . . . . . . . . . . . Guilders. . . . . . . . . 2,096Swaziland . . . . . . . . . . . . Langeni . . . . . . . . . 6.9Sweden . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kronor. . . . . . . . . . 9.16Switzerland . . . . . . . . . . . Swiss Francs . . . . . 1.69Syria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Syrian Pounds . . . . 11.23Tanzania. . . . . . . . . . . . . Tanzania Shilling . . . 800.4Thailand . . . . . . . . . . . . . Baht . . . . . . . . . . . 40.11Togo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cfa Francs. . . . . . . 712.0Trinidad and Tobago . . . . . Tt Dollars. . . . . . . . 6.3Tunisia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dinars . . . . . . . . . . 1.37Turkey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Liras . . . . . . . . . . . 625,219Uganda . . . . . . . . . . . . . Uganda Shilling. . . . 1,645Ukraine . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hryvnias . . . . . . . . 5.44United Arab Emirates . . . . Dirhams. . . . . . . . . 3.67United Kingdom . . . . . . . . Pounds Sterling . . . 0.66Uruguay . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pesos . . . . . . . . . . 12.1Vanuatu . . . . . . . . . . . . . Vatu . . . . . . . . . . . 137.6Venezuela. . . . . . . . . . . . Venezuela . . . . . . . 680.0Yemen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rials . . . . . . . . . . . 161.7Zambia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kwacha . . . . . . . . . 3,111Zimbabwe. . . . . . . . . . . . Zimbabwe Dollar . . . 43.29

1 End-of year values were used if annual averages were unavailable. Some values were estimated using partial year data.2 The euro became the official currency of the 11 Euro Area (EMU) nations on January 1, 1999. The values shown in this table arecomputed values for the former national currencies. 3 See footnote 2, Table 1327. 4 See footnote 3, Table 1327.

Source: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, International Trade Administration, ‘‘Foreign Exchange Rates, 1994-00’’; published 2 August2001; <http://www.ita.doc.gov/td/industry/otea/usfth/aggregate/HL00T37.txt>.



No. 1385. Reserve Assets and International Transaction Balances by Country:1995 to 2000

[In millions of U.S. dollars (74,780 represents $74,780,000,000). Assets include holdings of convertible foreign currencies,special drawing rights, and reserve position in International Monetary Fund and exclude gold holdings. Minus sign (-) indicatesdebits]

Country

Total reserve assets Current account balance Merchandise trade balance

1995 1999

2000

1995 1999 2000 1995 1999 2000Total

Cur-rencyhold-

ings 1

United States . . . . . 74,780 60,500 56,600 31,240 -109,450 -331,480 -435,370 -171,880 -343,260 -447,090

Algeria . . . . . . . . . . 2,005 4,526 12,024 11,910 (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA)Argentina . . . . . . . . 14,288 26,252 25,147 24,414 -5,302 -12,446 -9,358 2,358 -770 2,541Australia . . . . . . . . . 11,896 21,212 18,118 16,782 -19,487 -23,070 (NA) -4,223 -9,730 (NA)Austria . . . . . . . . . . 18,730 15,120 14,318 13,492 -5,448 -5,747 -5,352 -6,656 -3,649 -2,659Bangladesh. . . . . . . 2,340 1,604 1,486 1,485 -824 -292 (NA) -2,324 -1,962 (NA)Belgium . . . . . . . . . 16,177 10,937 9,994 7,988 14,232 13,374 11,650 9,555 6,642 5,346Brazil . . . . . . . . . . . 49,708 34,796 32,488 32,488 -18,136 -25,400 -24,632 -3,157 -1,261 -696Burma . . . . . . . . . . 561 266 223 223 -259 -366 -293 -823 -1,035 -843

Cameroon. . . . . . . . 4 4 212 204 90 (NA) (NA) 627 (NA) (NA)Canada . . . . . . . . . 15,049 28,126 31,924 28,841 -4,328 -2,273 12,666 25,855 22,756 36,609Chile . . . . . . . . . . . 14,140 14,407 14,729 14,381 -1,350 -80 (NA) 1,381 1,664 (NA)China 2. . . . . . . . . . 75,377 157,728 168,278 165,574 1,618 15,667 (NA) 18,050 36,207 (NA)Colombia . . . . . . . . 8,452 8,103 9,005 8,498 -4,596 -61 (NA) -2,545 1,776 (NA)Congo (Kinshasa) 3 . 59 39 222 221 -650 (NA) (NA) 516 (NA) (NA)Cote d’Ivoire . . . . . . 529 630 668 666 -492 (NA) (NA) 1,376 (NA) (NA)Denmark. . . . . . . . . 11,016 22,287 15,108 14,469 1,855 2,964 2,493 6,528 6,689 6,306Ecuador . . . . . . . . . 1,628 1,642 947 924 -765 955 (NA) 324 1,665 (NA)

Egypt . . . . . . . . . . . 16,181 14,484 13,118 12,913 -254 -1,635 (NA) -7,597 -9,928 (NA)Finland. . . . . . . . . . 10,038 8,207 8,465 7,331 5,231 7,588 9,267 12,437 11,655 13,159France . . . . . . . . . . 26,853 39,701 37,039 32,114 10,840 36,580 24,500 11,000 19,390 3,750Germany . . . . . . . . 85,005 61,039 56,890 49,667 -18,930 -19,310 (NA) 65,110 72,000 (NA)Ghana . . . . . . . . . . 698 454 232 232 -145 -766 (NA) -257 -1,112 (NA)Greece. . . . . . . . . . 14,780 18,122 13,424 13,116 -2,864 (NA) (NA) -14,425 (NA) (NA)Hungary . . . . . . . . . 11,974 10,954 11,190 10,915 -2,530 -2,106 -1,494 -2,433 -2,189 -2,106India . . . . . . . . . . . 17,922 32,667 37,902 37,264 -5,563 -2,784 (NA) -6,719 -8,029 (NA)

Indonesia . . . . . . . . 13,708 26,445 22,548 22,326 -6,431 5,785 (NA) 6,533 20,644 (NA)Ireland . . . . . . . . . . 8,630 5,282 5,360 4,983 1,721 595 -792 13,557 24,178 25,523Israel . . . . . . . . . . . 8,119 22,605 23,281 23,163 -5,164 -1,881 (NA) -7,441 -4,408 (NA)Italy . . . . . . . . . . . . 34,905 22,421 25,566 22,423 25,076 6,304 -5,670 38,729 20,383 10,717Japan . . . . . . . . . . 183,250 286,916 354,902 347,212 111,040 106,870 116,880 131,790 123,320 116,720Kenya . . . . . . . . . . 353 792 898 881 -400 11 (NA) -750 -829 (NA)Korea, South . . . . . . 32,678 73,987 96,131 95,855 -8,507 24,477 (NA) -4,444 28,371 (NA)Kuwait . . . . . . . . . . 3,561 4,824 7,082 6,504 5,016 5,062 (NA) 5,579 5,571 (NA)

Malaysia . . . . . . . . . 23,774 30,588 29,523 28,625 -8,644 12,606 (NA) -103 22,648 (NA)Mexico . . . . . . . . . . 16,847 31,782 35,509 35,142 -1,576 -14,166 (NA) 7,089 -5,581 (NA)Morocco . . . . . . . . . 3,601 5,689 4,823 4,612 -1,296 -171 (NA) -2,482 -2,448 (NA)Nepal . . . . . . . . . . . 586 843 947 939 -356 11 (NA) -961 -881 (NA)Netherlands . . . . . . 33,714 10,098 9,643 7,004 25,751 17,236 14,217 23,808 17,940 18,650Nigeria . . . . . . . . . . 1,443 (NA) (NA) (NA) -2,578 506 (NA) 3,513 4,288 (NA)Norway. . . . . . . . . . 22,518 20,400 20,164 19,274 4,854 6,014 22,986 8,571 10,119 25,500Pakistan . . . . . . . . . 1,733 1,511 1,513 1,499 -3,349 (NA) (NA) -2,891 (NA) (NA)

Peru . . . . . . . . . . . 8,222 8,731 8,374 8,373 -4,117 -1,822 -1,648 -2,166 -617 -335Philippines . . . . . . . 6,372 13,230 13,054 12,938 -1,980 7,910 (NA) -8,944 4,958 (NA)Poland . . . . . . . . . . 14,774 26,355 25,657 25,415 854 -12,487 (NA) -1,646 -15,072 (NA)Portugal . . . . . . . . . 15,850 8,848 8,908 8,539 -132 -9,629 -10,632 -8,910 -13,766 -14,143Romania. . . . . . . . . 1,579 2,687 3,922 3,921 -1,780 -1,297 (NA) -1,577 -1,092 (NA)Saudi Arabia . . . . . . 8,622 16,997 19,585 18,036 -5,325 412 15,567 24,390 25,039 51,176Singapore . . . . . . . . 68,695 76,843 80,127 79,681 14,436 21,254 (NA) 977 11,303 (NA)South Africa . . . . . . 2,820 6,353 6,083 5,793 -2,204 -553 -469 2,667 4,150 4,231Spain . . . . . . . . . . . 34,485 33,115 30,989 29,516 792 -13,761 -17,257 -18,415 -30,339 -32,755Sri Lanka . . . . . . . . 2,088 1,636 1,039 976 -770 -493 (NA) -985 -707 (NA)Sudan . . . . . . . . . . 163 189 (NA) (NA) -500 -465 -557 -510 -476 440Sweden . . . . . . . . . 24,051 15,019 14,863 13,757 4,940 5,982 (NA) 15,978 15,714 (NA)Switzerland . . . . . . . 36,413 36,321 32,272 30,854 21,804 29,119 (NA) 3,259 723 (NA)Syria . . . . . . . . . . . (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) 263 201 (NA) -146 216 (NA)

Thailand . . . . . . . . . 35,982 34,063 32,016 31,933 -13,554 12,428 9,195 -7,968 14,013 11,757Trinidad and Tobago . 358 945 1,386 1,386 294 (NA) (NA) 588 (NA) (NA)Turkey . . . . . . . . . . 12,442 23,340 19,952 19,777 -2,338 -1,360 -9,765 -13,212 -10,443 -22,341United Kingdom . . . . 42,020 35,870 43,890 39,280 -5,970 -15,980 -24,460 -18,530 -42,350 -43,580Venezuela. . . . . . . . 6,283 12,277 13,088 12,633 2,014 3,689 13,365 7,013 7,606 17,965

NA Not available. 1 Holdings of convertible foreign currencies. 2 See footnote 2, Table 1327. 3 See footnote 3, Table1327.

Source: International Monetary Fund, Washington, DC, International Financial Statistics, monthly, (copyright).



No. 1386. Foreign Trade—Destination of Exports and Source of Imports forSelected Countries: 1999

[In billions of dollars (56.0 represents $56,000,000,000), except as indicated]

CountryWorld 1

Belgium-Luxem-

bourg Canada China 2 FranceGer-

many Italy JapanNeth-

erlands

UnitedKing-dom

UnitedStates

EXPORTS

Australia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56.0 0.7 0.8 2.6 0.6 0.8 0.9 10.8 0.6 2.4 5.4Austria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.4 1.0 0.4 0.4 2.7 22.0 5.2 0.8 1.4 2.8 2.8Belgium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176.2 3.4 0.8 1.0 31.0 31.3 9.9 2.2 22.1 17.8 9.3Canada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 238.8 1.3 (X) 1.8 1.3 1.6 1.0 5.7 1.0 3.2 207.3Denmark. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49.0 0.9 0.3 0.3 2.3 9.1 1.6 1.4 2.1 4.3 2.2Finland. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41.8 1.1 0.3 1.0 2.1 5.3 1.5 0.7 1.7 3.7 3.3France . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 302.3 23.2 3.1 3.3 (X) 47.6 27.6 4.6 14.2 31.2 23.5Germany . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 535.9 29.1 3.6 7.3 60.4 (X) 39.2 10.8 33.6 44.3 53.9Ireland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70.5 3.7 0.4 0.1 6.0 8.4 2.6 2.1 4.4 15.4 10.9Italy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 230.2 6.3 2.0 1.9 29.7 37.7 (X) 3.7 6.6 16.3 21.8Japan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 417.1 5.3 6.9 23.3 6.8 18.6 5.1 (X) 12.0 14.2 129.6Korea, South . . . . . . . . . . . . 143.7 0.9 1.6 13.7 1.7 4.2 1.7 15.9 2.1 4.8 29.6Netherlands . . . . . . . . . . . . 170.5 18.3 0.6 0.6 17.5 41.7 9.9 1.8 (X) 16.9 7.3Norway. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45.5 1.3 2.2 0.5 3.8 4.6 1.0 1.2 4.8 8.3 3.5Sweden . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84.8 3.7 0.8 1.6 4.5 9.4 3.2 2.0 5.2 8.1 7.8Switzerland . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81.0 1.8 0.7 0.7 7.4 18.3 6.4 3.3 2.5 4.4 10.0United Kingdom . . . . . . . . . . 270.7 14.2 4.1 2.0 26.5 32.1 12.4 5.4 21.3 (X) 39.9


Australia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 1.3 1.4 4.7 1.0 1.4 1.6 19.2 1.1 4.3 9.7Austria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 1.6 0.6 0.7 4.4 35.3 8.4 1.2 2.3 4.4 4.5Belgium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 1.9 0.4 0.6 17.6 17.8 5.6 1.2 12.5 10.1 5.3Canada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 0.6 (X) 0.7 0.5 0.7 0.4 2.4 0.4 1.4 86.8Denmark. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 1.7 0.5 0.6 4.8 18.6 3.3 2.9 4.3 8.8 4.5Finland. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 2.5 0.8 2.5 5.1 12.7 3.7 1.7 4.2 8.9 7.8France . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 7.7 1.0 1.1 (X) 15.7 9.1 1.5 4.7 10.3 7.8Germany . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 5.4 0.7 1.4 11.3 (X) 7.3 2.0 6.3 8.3 10.1Ireland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 5.2 0.5 0.2 8.4 11.9 3.7 2.9 6.2 21.8 15.5Italy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 2.7 0.9 0.8 12.9 16.4 (X) 1.6 2.8 7.1 9.5Japan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 1.3 1.7 5.6 1.6 4.5 1.2 (X) 2.9 3.4 31.1Korea, South . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 0.6 1.1 9.5 1.2 2.9 1.2 11.0 1.5 3.3 20.6Netherlands . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 10.7 0.4 0.4 10.3 24.4 5.8 1.1 (X) 9.9 4.3Norway. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 2.8 4.8 1.1 8.3 10.0 2.2 2.7 10.5 18.2 7.8Sweden . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 4.4 1.0 1.8 5.4 11.1 3.7 2.4 6.1 9.6 9.2Switzerland . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 2.2 0.8 0.8 9.2 22.6 7.9 4.0 3.1 5.5 12.4United Kingdom . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 5.2 1.5 0.7 9.8 11.9 4.6 2.0 7.9 (X) 14.7

IMPORTS

Australia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65.5 0.5 1.0 4.3 1.4 3.8 1.9 8.8 0.6 3.5 13.7Austria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68.7 1.5 0.3 1.0 3.5 29.0 5.3 1.7 2.2 2.2 3.7Belgium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160.8 0.9 1.2 3.1 21.7 28.4 6.3 4.2 27.0 13.8 12.1Canada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215.6 0.7 3.7 6.0 3.6 4.7 2.4 10.1 0.8 5.5 145.0Denmark. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44.3 1.6 0.2 1.2 2.5 9.4 2.1 0.8 3.5 3.5 2.0Finland. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31.6 0.8 0.2 0.7 1.3 4.8 1.2 2.0 1.3 2.1 2.5France . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 292.8 21.3 1.6 8.2 3.8 50.3 28.2 10.5 14.9 24.5 25.7Germany . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 464.8 24.1 2.7 14.4 48.6 (X) 34.3 22.7 35.4 32.0 37.5Ireland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46.5 0.6 0.4 0.7 1.9 2.9 1.0 2.7 1.4 15.3 7.8Italy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216.6 9.6 1.5 5.3 26.8 41.2 (X) 5.5 13.3 13.1 10.6Japan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 309.9 1.8 7.9 42.8 6.1 11.5 5.0 (X) 1.9 5.9 67.5Korea, South . . . . . . . . . . . . 119.8 0.5 1.8 8.9 1.8 3.8 1.3 24.1 1.0 2.1 24.9Netherlands . . . . . . . . . . . . 167.9 14.9 0.9 3.8 10.3 28.4 4.3 7.6 (X) 15.5 16.7Norway. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.2 0.8 0.6 0.9 1.5 4.4 1.3 1.4 1.7 3.1 2.7Sweden . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68.5 2.7 0.3 0.8 4.3 12.3 2.4 2.0 5.7 7.2 4.0Switzerland . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80.6 2.4 0.4 1.2 9.7 25.0 7.8 2.3 4.1 4.6 5.7United Kingdom . . . . . . . . . . 323.8 15.2 4.5 10.8 28.7 42.5 15.4 14.7 21.5 (X) 42.3


Australia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 0.7 1.6 6.5 2.2 5.7 2.9 13.4 0.9 5.3 21.0Austria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 2.2 0.5 1.4 5.1 42.2 7.7 2.5 3.2 3.1 5.4Belgium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 0.6 0.8 1.9 13.5 17.7 3.9 2.6 16.8 8.6 7.5Canada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 0.3 1.7 2.8 1.7 2.2 1.1 4.7 0.4 2.5 67.3Denmark. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 3.6 0.5 2.6 5.7 21.3 4.8 1.9 7.9 7.9 4.5Finland. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 2.5 0.5 2.3 4.2 15.3 3.7 6.2 4.0 6.6 7.9France . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 7.3 0.5 2.8 1.3 17.2 9.6 3.6 5.1 8.4 8.8Germany . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 5.2 0.6 3.1 10.5 (X) 7.4 4.9 7.6 6.9 8.1Ireland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 1.3 0.9 1.5 4.1 6.2 2.2 5.8 3.0 32.9 16.7Italy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 4.5 0.7 2.5 12.4 19.0 (X) 2.5 6.2 6.1 4.9Japan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 0.6 2.6 13.8 2.0 3.7 1.6 (X) 0.6 1.9 21.8Korea, South . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 0.4 1.5 7.4 1.5 3.2 1.1 20.2 0.9 1.8 20.8Netherlands . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 8.9 0.5 2.3 6.1 16.9 2.6 4.5 (X) 9.2 9.9Norway. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 2.3 1.7 2.7 4.3 12.8 3.8 4.2 4.9 9.2 8.0Sweden . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 4.0 0.4 1.1 6.3 18.0 3.5 2.9 8.3 10.5 5.9Switzerland . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 3.0 0.5 1.5 12.0 31.0 9.7 2.9 5.1 5.7 7.1United Kingdom . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 4.7 1.4 3.3 8.9 13.1 4.7 4.5 6.6 (X) 13.1

X Not applicable. 1 Includes other countries not shown separately. 2 See footnote 2, Table 1327.

Source: Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, Paris, France, OECD International Trade by CommoditiesStatistics, 2000.



No. 1387. International Tourism Receipts—Leading Countries: 1990 to 2000

[In millions of dollars, except as indicated (263,357 represents $263,357,000,000). Excludes international transport receipts]

CountryTotal receipts Percent of world total

1990 1995 1997 1998 1999 2000 1990 2000

World, total 1 . . . . . 263,357 405,997 440,858 442,986 455,188 475,761 100.0 100.0United States . . . . . . 43,007 63,395 73,426 71,286 74,881 85,153 16.3 17.9Spain . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,593 25,388 26,900 29,839 32,400 (NA) 7.1 (NA)France . . . . . . . . . . . 20,184 27,527 28,009 29,931 31,507 (NA) 7.7 (NA)Italy . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,458 28,729 29,714 29,866 28,359 27,439 6.2 5.8United Kingdom . . . . . 13,762 18,554 20,039 20,978 20,223 19,266 5.2 4.0Germany. . . . . . . . . . 14,288 18,135 16,696 16,766 16,730 (NA) 5.4 (NA)China 2 . . . . . . . . . . . 2,218 8,733 12,074 12,602 14,098 16,231 0.8 3.4Austria . . . . . . . . . . . 13,417 14,586 12,248 12,628 12,533 11,440 5.1 2.4Canada. . . . . . . . . . . 6,339 7,882 8,828 9,396 10,171 10,768 2.4 2.3Greece . . . . . . . . . . . 2,587 4,136 5,151 6,188 8,783 9,290 1.0 2.0Australia . . . . . . . . . . 4,088 7,873 8,786 7,338 8,017 8,442 1.6 1.8Switzerland . . . . . . . . 7,411 9,365 7,915 7,973 7,739 7,303 2.8 1.5Russia . . . . . . . . . . . (NA) 4,312 7,164 6,508 7,510 (NA) (NA) (NA)Mexico . . . . . . . . . . . 5,467 6,179 7,593 7,493 7,223 8,295 2.1 1.7Hong Kong . . . . . . . . 5,032 9,604 9,979 7,496 7,210 7,886 1.9 1.7Netherlands . . . . . . . . 4,155 6,563 6,304 6,788 7,092 6,951 1.6 1.5Belgium . . . . . . . . . . 3,721 5,859 5,267 5,443 7,039 (NA) 1.4 (NA)Korea, South . . . . . . . 3,559 5,587 5,116 6,865 6,802 6,609 1.4 1.4Thailand . . . . . . . . . . 4,326 7,664 7,048 5,934 6,695 7,535 1.6 1.6Poland . . . . . . . . . . . 358 6,614 8,679 7,946 6,100 (NA) 0.1 (NA)

NA Not available. 1 Includes other countries not shown separately. 2 See footnote 2, Table 1327.

Source: World Tourism Organization, Madrid, Spain, Yearbook of Tourism Statistics (copyright)

No. 1388. Net Flow of Financial Resources to Developing Countries andMultilateral Organizations: 1995 to 1999

[165,182 represents $165,182,000,000. Net flow covers loans, grants, and grant-like flows minus amortization on loans. Militaryflows are excluded. Developing countries cover countries designated by Development Assistance Committee as developing.GNP=gross national product]

Type of aid and countryAmount (mil. dol.) Percent of GNP

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 1995 1999

Total net flows. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165,182 193,561 185,436 182,407 188,943 0.75 0.80Official Development Assistance 1 . . . . . . . . . . . 58,926 55,622 48,497 52,084 56,378 (X) (X)Other official flows 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,872 5,562 6,125 13,491 15,477 (X) (X)Private flows at market terms 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90,411 126,809 125,623 111,223 110,404 (X) (X)Net grants by nongovernment organizations . . . . 5,973 5,568 5,191 5,609 6,684 (X) (X)

United States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46,984 55,731 74,991 48,421 50,138 0.65 0.54Australia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,536 -721 -3,043 1,745 1,749 0.76 0.46Austria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 906 1,878 1,661 889 1,963 0.39 0.96Belgium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -234 5,614 -10,636 7,725 5,528 -0.09 2.21Canada. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,724 6,682 10,536 9,227 6,984 1.04 1.13Denmark . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,799 1,949 1,928 1,806 1,992 1.07 1.16Finland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 604 1,147 449 1,633 875 0.50 0.69France . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,477 17,486 13,979 8,402 9,125 0.81 0.64Germany. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,197 20,815 19,785 22,436 20,181 0.87 0.96Greece . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - 184 185 189 195 - 0.16Ireland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247 371 323 333 251 0.46 0.32Italy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,800 4,713 8,116 13,171 11,337 0.26 0.97Japan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42,295 38,088 29,509 17,902 20,794 0.82 0.47Luxembourg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 89 100 118 124 0.40 0.69Netherlands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,795 9,514 8,683 12,752 7,985 1.71 2.02New Zealand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166 147 182 154 163 0.31 0.33Norway . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,670 1,668 1,647 1,983 2,060 1.16 1.37Portugal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 395 944 1,337 2,015 2,337 0.38 2.17Spain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,025 4,259 7,411 11,841 29,029 0.37 4.90Sweden . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,224 2,003 2,092 2,847 2,892 1.00 1.24Switzerland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,118 -1,471 -3,457 4,683 3,226 0.35 1.17United Kingdom . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,382 22,470 19,659 12,136 10,017 1.19 0.69

- Represents zero. X Not applicable. 1 Grants or loans to countries and territories on Part I of the DAC List of AidRecipients (developing countries) which are: (a) undertaken by the official sector; (b) with promotion of economic development andwelfare as the main objective; (c) at concessional financial terms if a loan, having a grant element of at least 25 percent. Technicalcooperation is included in aid. 2 Transactions by the official sector with countries on the List of Aid Recipients which do not meetthe conditions for eligibility as Official Development Assistance or Official Aid, either because they are not primarily aimed atdevelopment, or because they have a grant element of less than 25 per cent. 3 Consists of flows at market terms financed outof private sector resources (i.e. changes in holdings of private long term assets held by residents of the reporting country) andprivate grants (i.e. grants by nongovernment organizations, net of subsidies received from the official sector).

Source: Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, Paris, France, Annual Reports of the DevelopmentAssistance Committee (copyright).



No. 1389. External Debt by Country: 1990 to 1999


No. 1390. Foreign Direct Investment Flows in OECD Countries: 1997 to 1999

[In millions of dollars (299,004 represents $299,004,000,000). 1999 data, preliminary. Data are converted to U.S. dollars usingthe yearly average exchange rate]

Country

Inflows Outflows

1997 1998 1999

Cumula-tive,

1990-99 1997 1998 1999

Cumula-tive,

1990-99

OECD, total. . . . . . . . . . . 299,004 509,313 683,744 2,709,512 414,079 636,480 767,814 3,552,013Australia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,510 6,502 4,441 58,910 6,262 2,466 -3,192 26,596Austria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,656 4,902 2,952 21,084 1,948 2,948 2,703 18,155Belgium-Luxembourg . . . . . . 12,093 22,724 15,868 123,206 7,273 28,453 24,937 109,350Canada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,470 16,499 24,268 99,000 22,054 26,575 17,362 120,113Czech Republic . . . . . . . . . . 1,300 2,540 4,877 15,233 25 175 197 828Denmark. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,801 6,722 7,450 32,176 4,210 3,962 8,207 32,958Finland. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,116 12,141 3,024 22,841 5,292 18,643 4,194 40,760France . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23,174 28,955 37,416 215,804 35,586 41,913 88,324 347,839Germany . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,092 21,271 52,403 116,467 40,716 91,183 98,853 422,455Greece 1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,586 3,709 539 26,942 (NA) (NA) 573 573Hungary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,173 2,036 1,944 19,618 431 481 249 1,261Iceland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149 112 90 476 51 99 70 380Ireland 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,676 3,904 5,422 17,451 (NA) 8,569 18,326 26,895Italy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,698 2,611 5,019 37,697 10,619 12,078 3,038 71,148Japan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,224 3,193 12,378 26,008 25,991 24,159 20,730 248,729Korea, South . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,844 5,416 8,798 24,653 4,449 4,799 4,044 29,018Mexico . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,830 11,311 11,568 81,570 (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA)Netherlands . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,499 41,977 33,341 159,523 29,247 51,365 45,540 250,860New Zealand 3. . . . . . . . . . . 1,832 2,172 989 20,754 -1,602 376 1,020 5,135Norway. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,786 3,882 6,579 26,670 5,047 2,418 5,483 28,131Poland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,908 6,365 6,471 30,616 45 316 123 639Portugal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,278 2,802 570 17,501 1,668 2,901 2,679 10,463Spain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,387 11,797 9,357 97,780 12,547 18,935 35,421 93,236Sweden . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,968 19,569 59,102 127,633 12,648 24,376 18,951 102,114Switzerland . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,642 7,499 3,412 34,680 17,747 16,631 17,910 119,187Turkey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 805 940 783 8,116 251 367 645 2,087United Kingdom . . . . . . . . . . 33,245 64,388 82,176 319,726 61,620 119,463 199,275 566,400United States . . . . . . . . . . . 109,264 193,375 282,507 927,378 109,955 132,829 152,152 876,705

NA Not available. 1 Includes entrepreneurial capital net and real estate investment flows. 2 Data shown are for net (inwardand outward), direct investment capital flows. For 1999, balance of payments data. 3 For fiscal year ending March 31.

Source: Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, Paris, France, Financial Market Trends, No. 76, June2000.



No. 1391. Military Expenditures and Armed Forces Personnel by Country:1990 and 1997

[Military expenditures in millions of dollars, except as indicated (306,000 represents $306,000,000,000). Personnel data asof July. See also Table 495. For most countries, data for expenditures and for gross national product (GNP) were based on localcurrencies which were deflated to constant 1997 local currency values before conversion to U.S. dollar equivalents. In general, therates used for conversion are the 1997 average par/market exchange rates as supplied by the World Bank. Armed Forces referto active-duty military personnel, including paramilitary forces where those forces resemble regular units in their organization, equip-ment, training, or mission. Reserve forces are not included]

Country

Military expenditures Armed Forces personnel

Current dollars Constant (1997) dollars Number(1,000)

Per 1,000population

1990 1997 1990

1997

1990 1997 1990 1997TotalPercentof GNP

Percapita

(dollars)

United States. . . . . . 306,000 276,000 359,000 276,000 3.3 1,030 2,180 1,530 8.7 5.7

Algeria 1. . . . . . . . . . 726 1,750 850 1,750 3.9 59 126 124 5.0 4.2Angola 1. . . . . . . . . . 1,250 1,550 1,470 1,550 20.5 147 115 95 13.6 9.0Argentina . . . . . . . . . 3,350 3,700 3,930 3,700 1.2 103 85 65 2.6 1.8Australia. . . . . . . . . . 6,090 8,460 7,130 8,460 2.2 459 68 65 4.0 3.5Bangladesh . . . . . . . 301 592 352 592 1.4 5 103 110 0.9 0.9Belgium . . . . . . . . . . 4,450 3,690 5,210 3,690 1.5 363 106 46 10.6 4.5Brazil. . . . . . . . . . . . 9,560 14,100 11,200 14,100 1.8 84 295 296 2.0 1.8Bulgaria 1 . . . . . . . . . 3,890 949 4,550 949 3.0 114 129 80 14.4 9.6Burma 1 . . . . . . . . . . (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) 230 322 5.6 6.9Canada . . . . . . . . . . 9,240 7,800 10,800 7,800 1.3 257 87 61 3.3 2.0Chile 2 . . . . . . . . . . . 1,190 2,860 1,390 2,860 3.9 196 95 102 7.2 7.0China 1 3 . . . . . . . . . 48,300 74,900 56,600 74,900 2.2 61 3,500 2,600 3.1 2.1Colombia . . . . . . . . . 1,300 3,460 1,520 3,460 3.7 91 110 149 3.3 3.9Congo (Kinshasa) 1 4 . (NA) 252 (NA) 252 5.0 5 55 (NA) 1.5 (NA)Croatia 1 . . . . . . . . . (X) 1,490 (X) 1,490 6.3 319 (X) 58 (X) 12.4Cuba 1 2. . . . . . . . . . 1,380 720 1,620 720 2.3 65 297 55 28.1 5.0Czech Republic 1. . . . (X) 1,990 (X) 1,990 1.9 193 (X) 55 (X) 5.3Egypt . . . . . . . . . . . 1,570 2,180 1,840 2,180 2.8 34 434 430 7.7 6.6France. . . . . . . . . . . 38,600 41,500 45,200 41,500 3.0 708 550 475 9.7 8.1Germany . . . . . . . . . 40,900 32,900 47,900 32,900 1.6 401 545 335 6.9 4.1

Greece . . . . . . . . . . 4,230 5,530 4,960 5,530 4.6 521 201 206 19.9 19.4Hungary 1. . . . . . . . . 1,280 1,320 1,500 1,320 1.9 129 94 50 9.1 4.9India . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,540 10,900 7,650 10,900 2.8 11 1,260 1,260 1.5 1.3Indonesia 1 2. . . . . . . 1,610 4,810 1,880 4,810 2.3 23 283 280 1.5 1.3Iran 1. . . . . . . . . . . . 6,110 4,730 7,160 4,730 3.0 74 440 575 7.7 9.1Iraq 1. . . . . . . . . . . . 22,500 1,250 26,400 1,250 4.9 59 1,390 400 75.4 19.0Israel . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,360 9,340 8,620 9,340 9.7 1,690 190 185 42.1 33.4Italy. . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,400 22,700 22,700 22,700 2.0 395 493 419 8.5 7.3Japan . . . . . . . . . . . 30,500 40,800 35,700 40,800 1.0 325 250 250 2.0 2.0Jordan . . . . . . . . . . . 402 626 471 626 9.0 145 100 102 30.5 23.6Kenya . . . . . . . . . . . 210 206 246 206 2.1 7 20 24 0.8 0.9Korea, North 1. . . . . . 5,940 6,000 6,960 6,000 27.5 281 1,200 1,100 56.0 51.6Korea, South . . . . . . 9,720 15,000 11,400 15,000 3.4 327 650 670 15.2 14.6

Kuwait . . . . . . . . . . . 13,000 2,760 15,200 2,760 7.5 1,510 7 28 3.3 15.3Libya 1. . . . . . . . . . . (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) 86 70 19.7 14.7Malaysia . . . . . . . . . 1,260 2,090 1,480 2,090 2.2 102 130 110 7.4 5.4Mexico. . . . . . . . . . . 1,330 4,290 1,560 4,290 1.1 44 175 250 2.1 2.6Netherlands . . . . . . . 6,800 6,840 7,960 6,840 1.9 437 104 57 7.0 3.6New Zealand . . . . . . 884 766 1,040 766 1.3 214 11 10 3.3 2.8Nigeria 1 2 . . . . . . . . 2,200 2,000 2,570 2,000 1.4 19 94 76 1.1 0.7Pakistan. . . . . . . . . . 2,810 3,380 3,290 3,380 5.7 26 550 610 4.8 4.6Peru . . . . . . . . . . . . 623 1,350 730 1,350 2.1 53 125 115 5.7 4.5Philippines . . . . . . . . 1,230 1,270 1,440 1,270 1.5 17 109 105 1.7 1.4Poland 1. . . . . . . . . . 8,750 5,600 10,200 5,600 2.3 145 313 230 8.2 6.0

Romania 1 . . . . . . . . 3,870 2,280 4,530 2,280 2.4 102 126 200 5.5 8.9Russia 1. . . . . . . . . . (X) 41,700 (X) 41,700 5.8 283 (X) 1,300 (X) 8.8Saudi Arabia . . . . . . . 23,200 21,100 27,100 21,100 14.5 1,050 146 180 9.2 9.0Serbia andMontenegro 1 . . . . . (X) 1,200 (X) 1,200 4.9 114 (X) 115 (X) 10.9

Singapore . . . . . . . . 2,370 5,660 2,780 5,660 5.7 1,650 56 55 18.4 16.0Slovakia 1. . . . . . . . . (X) 903 (X) 903 2.1 168 (X) 44 (X) 8.2Slovenia 1 . . . . . . . . (X) 1,220 (X) 1,220 5.2 617 (X) 10 (X) 5.1South Africa . . . . . . . 4,070 2,320 4,770 2,320 1.8 55 85 75 2.3 1.8Spain . . . . . . . . . . . 7,410 7,670 8,680 7,670 1.5 196 263 107 6.8 2.7Sri Lanka . . . . . . . . . 433 762 507 762 5.1 41 22 110 1.3 5.9Sweden . . . . . . . . . . 4,810 5,550 5,630 5,550 2.5 626 65 60 7.6 6.8Syria 2 . . . . . . . . . . . (NA) 3,400 (NA) 3,400 5.6 211 408 320 32.3 19.8Taiwan 3. . . . . . . . . . 8,490 13,100 9,940 13,100 4.6 602 370 400 18.2 18.4Tanzania . . . . . . . . . 83 87 97 87 1.3 3 40 35 1.6 1.2Thailand. . . . . . . . . . 2,020 3,380 2,370 3,380 2.3 57 283 288 5.1 4.8Turkey . . . . . . . . . . . 4,250 7,790 4,980 7,790 4.0 123 769 820 13.7 12.9Ukraine 1 . . . . . . . . . (X) 4,280 (X) 4,280 3.7 85 (X) 450 (X) 8.9United Kingdom. . . . . 39,300 35,300 46,000 35,300 2.7 600 308 218 5.4 3.7Vietnam 1 . . . . . . . . . 4,810 3,390 5,640 3,390 2.8 45 1,050 650 15.9 8.7

NA Not available. X Not applicable. 1 Military expenditures estimated. 2 Data probably omit a major share of totalmilitary expenditures, probably including most arms acquisitions. 3 See footnote 2, Table 1327. 4 See footnote 3, Table 1327.

Source: U.S. Dept. of State, Bureau of Verification and Compliance, World Military Expenditures and Arms Transfers, annual.



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