Section 3-Essential Question

How did the Spanish-American War help the United States become a world power?

A. A

B. B

C. C

D. D

Section 3

A B

C

D

0% 0%0%0%

Which of the following events triggered the war between the United States and Spain?

A. The explosion of the Maine

B. The tour of the “Great White Fleet”

C. A surprise Spanish attack on Florida

D. A Cuban attack on the United States

Figure 1

#1 Situation in Cuba• Cuba was a Spanish colony• Cuban Revolution-1895• In response, Spain sent General Weyler to put

down the rebellion New governor of Cuba Used brutal tactics Placed Cubans in detention camps 100,000 died

Section 3

• The revolution in Cuba as described through yellow journalism tactics caused great concern in the United States.

• American newspapers blamed Spain when the Maine exploded, which triggered the Spanish-American war.

#2 “A Splendid Little War” (cont.)

The Spanish-American War

#3 USS Maine• (#3) President McKinley sent the warship Maine to

Havana to protect American citizens and property.• US battleship sent to Havana to protect Americans

– Exploded on February 25, 1898-Cause of explosion remains a mystery

– Blame was placed on Spain

– 266 Americans died

– “Remember the Maine” becomes the battle cry

• America declared war on Spain on April 25, 1898-ends August 12, 1898

Section 3

(#2) “A Splendid Little War”(#2) “A Splendid Little War”

• Theodore Roosevelt led the Rough Riders to victory in the Battle of San Juan Hill.

• Shortly afterwards, the Spanish signed an armistice and the war ended.

• Secretary of State John Hay called the Spanish-American War “a splendid little war.”

The Spanish-American War

Section 3

Acquisitions

The American empire became a reality after the Spanish-American War.

Section 3

• The United States and Spain signed the Treaty of Paris, ending the war. Under the terms of the treaty:

– Cuba became an American protectorate.

– Puerto Rico and Guam became territories of the United States.

– Spain surrendered the Philippines to the United States for $20 million.

Acquisitions

Section 3

• Cuba was granted full independence on the condition that their constitution gave the United States certain rights, known as the Platt Amendment.

• The Jones Act in 1917 made Puerto Rico a territory of the United States and granted American citizenship to all Puerto Ricans.

Acquisitions

Puerto Rico • Today it is a U.S. territory known as a

Commonwealth• P.R. is in charge of its own internal affairs • the U.S. controls interstate trade, foreign

relations, control of land, air, and sea, currency, citizenship, etc.

• They send one member to the House of Representatives, however he/she cannot vote

• They have a vote from time to time about whether they want to become an independent nation or to become a U.S. state

Section 3

• The acquisition of the Philippines caused fierce debate among American citizens.

– Some argued that American rule of the Philippines went against the democratic principles on which the United States was founded.

– Others felt the Philippines would provide the United States with an important Pacific naval base.

Acquisition of the Philippines

Section 3

• The Filipino people were led to believe they would be able to be an independent nation.

• They were angered that the US, who helped them in their fight for independence, purchased the Philippines from Spain.

• At least 200,000 Filipino’s died in fighting against US rule. More than 4,000 US soldiers died in the fighting.

Acquisitions

Figure 3

Figure 4

Panama Canal Review

Panama Canal

8,000 Mile Shortcut

What is a canal?

An area of water that is dug across land. Canals connect bodies of water so that ships can travel between them.

1) Why was the canal built?

- Roosevelt wanted it built so he could move the navy quickly between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans

- It would lower shipping costs increasing business profits

2) Why was it built in Panama?It was built in Panama because it is the narrowest strip of land in Central America. Panama is an isthmus. An isthmus is a narrow strip of land which has water on each side and connects two larger bodies of land.

Courtesy of: http://www.1uptravel.com/worldmaps/maps/pm-map.jpg

When was it built?When was it built?• 1904 The United States begins working on

the Canal

• 1914 The canal is completed

The 1800’s

Background Information

1835 France is given a permit to build a canal across Panama. However first they have to come up with a plan to build the canal. In 1881 they finally start building.

The French Give Up

• 1881 A French company begins construction on the canal. After eight years France gives up on the project.

• Over 20,000 construction workers died working on the project for France and the company trying to build the canal goes bankrupt.

3) How did get the land to build the Canal?• US offers Colombia $10 million dollars for the land. • Colombia refused the offer believing that the US was

trying to bully them for the land. • The people of Panama wanted to be independent.• Roosevelt sent a warship to Panama to support the

Panamanians by not allowing Colombian ships to enter the harbor. A revolution started.

• With the ship preventing the Colombian soldiers from reaching Panama, the Panamanians won.

• Panama agrees to sell us a 10 mile wide strip of land to build the canal.

The United States

What Problems did the US have building the canal?Just like when the

French had tried to

build the canal, the

builders of the canal

had to figure out how

to cut a 51 mile path

through a tropical

jungle and an area of

mountains!

Working Conditions

Imagine working on the Panama Canal. By noon the temperature is about 100 degrees. It’s humid-so humid that after it rains steam rises from the ground and your clothes become soaking wet. There is no shade, no air-conditioning, and no place to get cool.

What Problems did the US have building the canal?

Working Conditions

The average yearly rainfall is about 80 inches. Flooding makes the ground like pudding, and you can sink up to your knees in mud. Tropical diseases, such as yellow fever and malaria are spread easily by mosquitoes.

What Problems did the US have building the canal?

Working Conditions

A tropical jungle may be a fascinating

place for scientists to work, but for

workers trying to build a canal it’s a

nightmare. Imagine trying to dig out

tons of dirt in a jungle like this. And

there was no insect repellent to keep

the bugs from biting.

What Problems did the US have building the canal?

• Hot humid temperatures

• Diseases such as malaria

• Dangerous working conditions when using dynamite to cut through mountains

• Developing a system to raise and lower ships

4) What Problems did the US have building the canal?

What are locks?

#6 A lock is a part of a canal with gates at each end where boats are raised or lowered to different water levels.

Here are the giant locks

Courtesy of: http://www.canalmuseum.com/photos/panamacanalphoto026.htm

Here are the giant locks being built

Photo from the Canal Zone Brats www.czbrats.com

Here are the giant locks being built

Photos Courtesy of www.panamacanal.com

Here is how the Panama Canal works

Image Courtesy of: http://www.panamacanal-cruises.com/panama-canal-pictures/crosssections.jpg

The building of the canal

Photo courtesy of: www.canalmuseum.com

The building of the canal

Photo courtesy of: www.canalmuseum.com

1914 The Canal Opens

Image Courtesy of:http://www.canalmuseum.com/photos/panamacanalphoto042.htm

The Panama Canal Today

Today the canal is a busy place. Ships get stuck in traffic jams because there are so many of them and often have to wait up to 20 hours to go through the canal. Then the trip through the canal takes another eight hours.

The Panama Canal is an important landmark and is considered by some to be the 8th Wonder of the World.

                               

   

Photo from the Canal Zone Brats www.czbrats.com

LT 2

• 1977 The United States signs a treaty with Panama and agrees to give Panama control of the canal in 1999

The United States