section 2 properties of matter - ascsscience.weebly.com · phase changes: solids •solid-definite...
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Section 2 Properties of Matter
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Physical Properties Review
• Physical Properties
– Color, size, shape, melting point, strength, hardness, conduction, state change
– Four types of phase changes
• Solids, liquids, gasses, plasmas
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Phase Changes: Solids
• Solid-Definite volume and shape
• Couch Potatoes of matter
• Solids have little energy
– Atoms are tightly packed together and do not move much
– Does not assume the shape of the container
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Liquid
• Particles are packed closely but can move around each other
• Liquid has no definite shape but has a definite volume
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Gas
• Very loosely packed particles
• Lots of energy
– 5 year old hyped on expresso shots
• Gas has no definite shape or volume
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Plasma
• Only seen naturally in the sun and lightning
• Electrons have so much energy they leave their nucleus
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Terms You Should Know…
• Freezing-Liquid to solid• Melting- Solid to liquid
• Vaporization- Liquid to gas• Condensation-Gas to Liquid
• Sublimation-Solid to Gas• Deposition-Gas to Solid
• Ionization-Gas to Plasma• Recombination-Plasma to Gas
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Phase Change Graph
Heat (thermal energy)
Tem
per
atu
re º
C.
100
0
A
B
C
D
E
solid
liquid
gas
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Density
• Density-how much matter is in a certain area
– Mass-how much matter
– Volume-how much stuff is in an area
• Therefore…
– Density=mass/volume (g/cm^3)
• So…if you can find mass and volume…you got your density!
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Density Problem
• I have an object that has a mass of 113.5kg and a volume of 10cm^3. What is my density?
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Certain Objects have certain Densities
• Once density is discovered…you may be able to identify an object
• What is the object we measured the density for before?
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Chemical Properties
• Chemical Properties
– Reactivity and Flammability
• OH Yeah!
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Chemical and Physical Properties
• Together they form characteristic properties
– Characteristic properties are the properties that form the “character” of a substance
– Describe characteristic properties of water…
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Physical and Chemical Changes
• Physical change-changes properties of substance without changing its identity– Can be undone using physical properties
• Chemical Change-Changing a substance into a different substance– Cannot be undone using physical properties
• Is a new substance being created? – No-Physical Change
– Yes-Chemical Change
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Physical Change Examples
• Quartz breaks down into sand
– Both SiO₂
– Retains identity
• Has same density, same melting point…etc.
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Dissolving
• Is a new substance created?
– I mean sugar just disappears…sounds pretty chemical to me…
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• Sugar be separated from water through evaporation (vaporization)
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Mixtures
• Can be separated with properties like solubility, magnetism, and density
• Physical changes
• Examples
– Salt water
– Kool Aid
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Mixtures Reality Check
• Are heterogeneous mixtures physical or chemical changes?
• Are homogeneous mixtures physical or chemical changes?
• Identify as homogeneous or heterogeneous…
– Colloid
– Solution
– Suspension
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Chemical Changes
• Creation of a new substance with different properties
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tLzGW19QhtA
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Break out a piece of paper
• Number 1-8
• You need to determine whether the following are physical or chemical changes
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Review
Heat (thermal energy)
Tem
per
atu
re º
C.
100
0
A
B
C
D
E
solid
liquid
gas
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