se_conf2 tomer and ram final
TRANSCRIPT
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The Eighth International Conference INCOSE_IL 2015
Integration of System Engineering and Software Architecture
The Glue and the Connector
Tomer Peretz, Ram Oron
Orbotech
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The Industries We Serve
Bare PCB Production FPD Manufacturing
Installations(# of systems) 11,500 1,700
Solar Power
New
Market
Advanced Packaging & MEMS
Installations(# of systems) 4,000 Initial Sales 2014
Semiconductor Device Manufacturing
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Orbotech in the Electronics Value Chain Today
Flat Panel Displays (FPD)
Touchscreens, Advanced Packaging, MEMS, RF, Power
Printed Circuit Boards (PCB)
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About Us
Ram Oron
o System engineering discipline manager – establishing system engineering as a discipline in Orbotech
o Ph.D. in physics, led the physics and system engineering development of several PCB machines
Tomer Peretz
o Chief software architect at Orbotech, leader of the software architecture group
o Presidency member at ILTAM, leader of the software activities
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Background
• Creation of a global product organization to enhance commonality, professionalism and wide disciplinary view
o New system engineering discipline and software architecture group
• Environment
o Multi disciplinary products, that involve mechanics, optics, electronics, SW and algorithms
o 3 divisions, each has several product lines
o 4 large (product line level) development centers worldwide
o Most of the development is performed in product lines and managed locally
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The Challenges We Faced
• SW often delays readiness of products – long time from HW readiness to (sufficient) SW readiness for integration
o SW “always late” (TTM) and incomplete (performance / quality)
• SW often not modular enough to enable rapid changes and reuse
o Dynamic / rapidly changing environment – long time to adapt / change
o Hard to reuse SW components in other products
o Minor system changes requires software attention
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How to Face Challenges?
• Changes can be done at certain levels
o Knowledge
o Methodology
o Organization structure
o Strategic
o Organization cultural
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Culture Explained to Engineers
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• Organizations which design systems are constrained to produce
designs which are copies of the communication structures of
these organizations (M. Conway)
• Structure follows strategy (Alfred Chandler)
• Culture eats strategy for breakfast (Peter Drucker)
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Cultural Change
• Organization culture are artifacts, espoused values and basic underlying assumption.
• One of the reasons changes fail, is due to lack of assimilation in the organizational culture.
• Culture is the most difficult organizational attribute to change.
• One of the ways culture reflects is in the organization language
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The Glue and the ConnectorSystem Approaches to Software
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Software as a Glue
• Software was conceived in Orbotech for a long time as the Glue that sticks the system together.
• Glue is not just a word, it reflects the real beliefs and conceptions of people who are involved in the project.
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The Glue Approach
• Glue is used when all the other parts are shaped
Exploration Planning Development Production
Product Lifecycle Management
System design starts here
Software design starts here
All decisions taken, including software
constrains and tradeoffs
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The Glue Approach
• To Glue objects together, you usually need to understand only the surface.
• Shaping the Objects does not require to understand the glue.
• The interests of the Software Architects and System Engineers were not appropriately reflected to each other.
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The Glue Approach
• Glue takes a long time to dry
• SW “always late” (TTM) and incomplete (performance / quality)
The software tail
SW/Alg Dev (SW with reduced spec)
HW Dev (machine 90% complete)
SW/Alg Dev (SW ready)
HW Dev 90% complete Technology Development
G4
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The Glue Approach
• Once the glue is dry, it is very hard to reuse.
• Plans to reuse subsystem should take into consideration software cost and design for reuse.
System A System B
Hardware Reuse
??SW Reuse
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The Glue Approach
• Changing the way parts are connected, is difficult after the glue is dry
Cost of Change
Time
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The Glue Approach
• Trying to speed up development in the glue approach can end up with a badly shaped system.
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Semantic (Culture) Change
ConnectorGlue
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The Connector Approach
• Designing and building the connectors can start before all the parts are finished
Exploration
Planning
Development
Production
Product Lifecycle Management
System design starts here
Allows Software Architects to start learning
the new environment
Software design starts here
Allows System Engineers to get feedback on
software implications
Allows for better understanding of software
required allocations
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• Connector has to be shaped as part of the system design
• The way parts are designed is influenced by the connector
o Software architect involvement in early stages of the system design
System decision
Software effort of 4 months
Software effort of 4 weeks
The Connector Approach
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The Connector Approach
• Proper connector design would allow flexibility for future changes
o Mutual stakeholders interview
o System and software requirements traceability
Focus on what is really important to the stakeholders
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The Connector Approach
• When working with standards, connectors can be reused across systems.
o Plans to reuse subsystem should involve software representatives
Integration Server
SCM integration
Product EnvironmentCompilation Environment
Component Tests
Test Environment
Product EnvironmentCompilation Environment
Component Tests
Test Environment
Source
Third Parties
Unit testsCode conventionsStatic code tests
Create your reusable software to
fit here
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The Connector Approach
• Connector are more complex and requires more skills, knowledge and innovation.
• The creation and of system engineers and software architects
• Involvement of system engineers and software architects in mutual training
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How to Make Connectors?
• Create connectors culture.
• Actively involved software representatives in early stage of the system design
• Prioritize quality scenarios (illities), and design accordingly.
o Focus both on customers and development requirements
• Connectors approach requires more skills and design.
o Constantly invest in learning and effective knowledge flow
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Glue Vs. Connector
Glue Connector
Software involvement starts
Late in the system design phase
Early in the system design phase
Software TTM Low for simple systemsHigh for complex systems
Moderate
Software created for first usage
Just what needed The most suitable solution
Ability to change Easy at the beginning. Hard at later phases
Easy at the planned areas
Maintenance cost High Moderate
Software expertise Mainly technical Holistic
Ability to reuse Low Medium
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Where to Use Each Approach
Glue Connector Glue
Stable Chaos
Environment & Requirements Stability
We are here
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Summary
• Two approaches to system engineering in relation to SW in multi-disciplinary products environment
• Each approach is reflected in the organization culture in a different way
• The connector approach is our preferred approach
• Initial outcomes are promising
• There is still a long way to go
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THANK YOU
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Tomer Peretz : [email protected]
Ram Oron : [email protected]
Q&A
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