secondary beam production with fragment separators

EMIS. 24-29.06.07, Deaville, France 1

Secondary beam production with fragment separatorsSecondary beam production with fragment separators

Introduction

Application

Statistics

Reaction Mechanisms

New features

New utilities

Optimization procedures

Perspectives

The code operates under MS Windows environment and provides a highly user-friendly interface. It can be freely downloaded from the following internet address:

http://www.nscl.msu/edu/lise


20 years of the LISE code20 years of the LISE code

The program LISE 1) is designed to predict intensities and purities for the planning of future experiments using radioactive beams with in-flight separators, as well as for tuning experiments where its results can be quickly compared to on-line data. An application of transport integral 2) lies in the basis of fast calculations of the program for the estimation of temporary evolution of phase space distributions. 1) D.Bazin et al., NIM A 482 (2002) 314; O.B.Tarasov, et al., NPA 701 (2002) 661-665. 2) D.Bazin and B.Sherrill, Phys.Rev.E50 (1994) 4017.

1986-1991D.Bazin, GANIL

v.1.0-2.0

LISE REFERENCE MANUAL Version 2.2 - June 8, 1992 ….

LISE is a DOS-based software running on any IBM compatible PC. It runs under DOS 3.1 and following versions, and only needs 640 kbytes of memory. The speed of the program depends greatly on the CPU type, speed and configuration. The use of a co-processor is greatly recommended: the program uses FFT (Fast Fourier Transform) algorithms which contain extensive floating-point operations.The last version has been developed on a 386-SX at 16 MHz with a co-processor which provides a reasonable speed (about 1 second per transmission calculation).

The deliberate choice of personal computers (PCs) to implement the program was made for two reasons:

* to make use of user-friendly features (menus, etc.);

* so that the program could be used in different laboratories worldwide without modification.

Evolution shows this was a good choice!

IBM sold PCs in 1992 twice more than in 1991 after release the LISE version 2.2.

1991-1993D.Bazin, MSU

O.Sorlin, Orsayv.2.1-2.3



1994-1997O.T., GANILv.2.3 – 2.9

Corrections, Modifications (compound target, compensating dipole)

LISE operates under MS Windows1998O.T., GANIL

v.3.1



1999-2000O.T., GANIL

v.3.2-4.9

Active development of the LISE code stimulated by

M.Lewitowicz

LISE for Excel.

It includes even transmission calculations.

2001NSCL / MSUv.4.10 –5.12

Active development of the LISE code stimulated by B.Sherrill.Abrasion-Ablation model construction, ATIMA implementation

2002NSCL / MSUv.5.13 –5.15

Fusion residues transmission 1). PACE4 implementation.First reference 2) since 16 years!

1) O.Tarasov and D.Bazin, NIM B 204 (2003) 174. 2) D.Bazin et al., NIM A 482 (2002) 314.



2003NSCL / MSU

v.6

LISE++.1) is the new generation of the LISE code, which allows the creation of a spectrometer through the use of different “blocks”.

1) Nuclear Physics A746 (2004) 411-414

2004NSCL / MSU

v.7.1

Convolution Model of momentum distributions of projectile fragmentation products developed in the LISE framework 1)

Coulomb Fission 2)

1) Nuclear Physics A734 (2004) 536-540 2) EPJ A25 (2005) 751

2005NSCL / MSU

v.7.5

Abrasion – FissionTech.report NSCL MSU, MSUCL-1300

2006NSCL / MSU

v.7.9

Fusion – Fission (P31)

2007NSCL / MSU

v.8.0

Monte Carlo calculation of fragment transmissionFragment production in material (P35)

Plans to develop LISE++ was announced 5 years ago on the EMIS14 conference (Victoria, Canada)


Main FeaturesMain Features

Fast analytical calculations(Monte Carlo calculations are available too)

Reaction mechanisms Projectile FragmentationFusion-EvaporationFusion-Fission Coulomb FissionAbrasion-Fission

Highly user friendly environmentBuilt-in help support

Ion charge state distribution calculations (4 methods)

Range and energy loss in material calculations(4 methods)

Contribution of secondary reactions in the target

Fragment production in Material

Different selection methods

Optics («Transport» matrices are used)

Built-in powerful tools Physical Calculator LISE for Excel Nuclide and Isomeric states* Databases utilities Relativistic Reaction Kinematics Calculations Curved degrader calculation PACE4 – evaporation MC code for Windows The spectrometric handbook of J.Kantele &

Units converter Codes “Global” & “Charge”

(charge state distributions) Range optimization utility “Brho” analyzer, Solenoid (Twinsol)* &

ISOL-catcher* utilities Transport envelope packet package “Evaporation” calculator Automatical search of two-dimensional peaks

in experimental spectra

The LISE++ code can be used at low-energy, medium-energy and high-energy facilities (fragment- and recoil-separators with electrostatic and/or magnetic selections).

A number of these facilities, like LISE3, SISSI/LISE3 and SPEG at GANIL, FRS and SuperFRS at GSI, COMBAS at Dubna, A1900 and S800 at NSCL, RIPS and BigRIPS at RIKEN, based on the separation of

projectile-like and fission fragments are included or can be easily added to the existing configuration files.


LISE++ in actionLISE++ in action


Application: World Wide UsedApplication: World Wide Used


Reaction mechanisms

2. Recently performed and incoming experiments in 2007 devoted to new neutron-rich isotopes produc-tion by different reaction mechanisms:

a) Projectile fragmentation, transfer reactions: 48Ca(140MeV/u) +W February New isotope: 44Si

b) Projectile fragmentation, transfer reactions: 48Ca(140MeV/u) +W March-April New isotopes 40Mg, 42Al, 43Al

c) In-flight fission of 238U(80MeV/u) April-March New isotopes (preliminary): 123Rh?, ***

d) In-flight fission of 238U(345MeV/u) +Be May-June New isotopes 125Pd, ***

e) Fusion-fission 238U(24MeV/u)+Be September-October

f) …

1. Some models have been developed and several reaction mechanisms have been implemented re-cently the LISE++ code to calculate the transmis-sion and yields of fragments produced and col-lected in a spectrometer due to that fact LISE++ became by important tool to explore the drip-lines.


Projectile fragmentation & Transfer reactions

NSCL / MSU

40Mg, 42,43Al T.Baumann et al., submitted 44Si O.T. et al.,

Phys. Rev. C 75, 064613 (2007)

LISE++ Abrasion-Dissipation-Ablation model (ADA) /under construction/

LISE++ Abrasion-Ablation cannot explain production cross section

dependences from target properties (size, N/Z ratio) and

projectile energy. No explanation for pickup

contribution


Abrasion-Fission

The basic complexity in the case of Abrasion-Fission is the fact that there are more than 1000 fis-sile nuclei (see Fig.1) after abrasion of a fast heavy projec-tile by a target compared to only

one fissile nucleus in the case of Coulomb fission. To overcome this problem, a model with three-excitation energy regions has been de-veloped in the LISE++ framework, that suggests just three fissile nu-clei for different excitation energy regions, which are calculated by us-ing LISE++ Abrasion-Ablation model (see Fig.2). The excitation region (low, middle, high) is determined by three parameters: excitation en-ergy, cross-section, and fissile nucleus (A,Z). To calculate AF fission production for each excitation energy region the code uses the following approach 2) : Calculation of the initial fission matrix of production cross–sections

for excited fragments uses the semi-empirical model 3) with the charge distribution modification;

Post-scission nucleon emission is the final stage. Use of the LisFus method 4) to define the number of post-scission.

Fig2. The “Abrasion-Fission” dialog after AF settings cal-culations.

References:

1. M.Bernas, et al., Nucl.Phys. A725 (2003) 213. 2. O.T., Eur.Phys.J. A 25, Supplement 1, 751 (2005)

3. J.Benlliure et al., Nucl.Phys. A628 (1998) 458. 4. O.T. and D.Bazin, NIM B204 (2003) 174-178.

Fig.1. Calculated fission de-excitation channels after the abrasion of 238U(1AGeV) by a lead target. The most probable fissile nuclei in the excitation energy regions are shown in the figure.


Abrasion – Fission: three excitation energy regions model

Fig.2. Calculated excitation distribution of fissile nuclei produced in the reaction 238U(80AMeV)+Be.

Fig.4. Mass distributions of Z=40 isotopes fission fragments in the reaction 238U(1AGeV)+Pb.

Fig.5. Isotopic production cross-sections for fission products (Z=40) from the reaction 238U(1AGeV)+p obtained in work [Ber03] and calculated by the LISE AF model.

Fig.3. Measured [Enq99] and calculated by LISE elemental fission cross-sections for the reaction 238U(1AGeV)+Pb. Contributions from different EERs are shown in the plot also.

Fig.1. Calculated excitation distribution of fissile nuclei produced in the reaction 238U(1AGeV)+Pb.

[Enq99] T.Enqvist et al., Nucl.Phys. A658 (1999) 47-66. [Ber03] M.Bernas et al, Nucl.Phys. A725 (2003) 213-253.


Abrasion-Fission Coulomb fission

“LISE++ development: Abrasion-Fission”, Tech. Rep. MSUCL-1300, September 2005, 131 pages“LISE++ development: Coulomb Fission”, Tech. Rep. MSUCL-1299, September 2005, 64 pages

RIKEN (May,2007)T.Kubo et al.,

(see O43 by T.Ohnishi)MSU (April, 2007) A.Nettelton et al.

Search for new isotopes and isomers

http://groups.nscl.msu.edu/nscl_library/nscl_preprint/MSUCL1300.pdf







Fusion-Fission

A new LISE++ fusion-fission model for fast calculations of fusion-fission fragment cross sections has been developed basing on: The Bass algorithm to estimate complete

fusion cross section 1) (see Fig.1). The fast analytical evaporation model LisFus 2) to calculate a fission channel

value as well as deexcitation of fission fragments. Use of the LisFus method to define the number of post-scission nucleons enables the user to make a rapid qualitative estimate of the final fission fragment yield.

The semi-empirical model of J.Benlliure 3) which describes the formation of excited prefragment due to the nuclear collisions and their consecutive decay. B.’s model describes the fission properties of a large number of fissioning nu-clei are a wide range of excitation energies 4).

Comparison between LISE calculations and experi-mental data 5) for the fu-sion-fission channel in the reaction 12C + 238U is shown in Fig.2. Fig2. Fission cross sections for 12C-induced fission as a function of center-of-mass energy.

References: 1. R.Bass, Phys.Rev.Lett. 39 (1977) 265 2. O.T. and D.Bazin, NIM B 204 (2003) 174. 3. J.Benlliure et al., Nucl.Phys. A628 (1998) 458. 4. O.T., Tech.Rep. NSCL MSU, MSUCL-1299, September 2005.

5. A.Gavron et al., Phys.Rev. C30 (1984) 1550.

Fig.1. The Fusion-Residue information window. It is activated by clicking the “C”ompound button in the SETUP window.


Fusion-Fission is a new reaction mechanism to produce exotic radioactive beams

P31 : “Fusion-Fission is a new reaction mechanism to produce exotic radioactive beams”, Contribution to the international EMIS 2007 conference, Deaville, France , June 24-29, 2007

Advantages of in-flight fusion-fission to explore this region are the heavier fis-sile nucleus competing with abrasion-fission, and the higher excitation energy of a fissile nucleus competing with Coulomb fission of the 238U primary beam.

The LISE++ fusion-fission model predicts production of new isotopes of ele-ments between neodymium and hafnium with the 238U beam at energies 10-40 MeV/u on light targets. The region that we are particularly interested in this ex-periment (neutron rich nuclei with 60<Z<70) is more or less unexplored, al-though these nuclei are quite close to stability. Yet, this region is critical for making a connection between nuclear models and understanding the r-process abundance patterns of elements around lead.

Fig.2. Two-dimensional yield plot for fragments produced in the 238U(20 MeV/u,1pnA) + D (12 mg/cm2) reaction and separated by SISSI + Alpha spec-trometer with horizontal and vertical angular ac-ceptances ± 60 mrad and momentum acceptance ± 0.5 %. The spectrometer was set on the 172Tb63+ ion. About 55 new isotopes are expected for these settings, assuming 7 events per day for new isotope identification from LISE calcula-tions. The total transmission is about 0.3%.

Fig.1. The nuclide chart demonstrating excited fissile nuclei for different fission reactions with a 238U beam. The green circle shows of the region of interest with in-flight 238U fusion-fission.


Recent development (2006-2007)

Reactions: Fusion-Fission

Features: RF kicker block

Isomers in LISE++

MC calculation of fragment transmission

Fragment production in material

Utilities: Twinsol

ISOL catcher

..


RF kicker: new block in LISE++

RF Kicker provides vertical (RIKEN,NSCL) beam separations for different secondary beam species

due to their different time of flight values

The RFFS was commis-sioned with beam in early May 2007. Because of the

purification from the RFFS, the large background from

the contaminants was significantly reduced and

100Sn50+ particles successfully detected [3].

[1]

[2]

1) RF kicker proposal, V. Andreev, D.Bazin, M. Doleans, D.Gorelov, F. Marti, X. Wu; RF-KICKER SYSTEM FOR SECONDARY BEAMS AT THE NSCL”, D. Gorelov, V. Andreev, D. Bazin, M. Doleans, T. Grimm, F. Marti, J. Vincent, X. Wu, Proceedings of 2005 Particle Accelerator Conference, Knoxville,

2) K.Yamada et al., Nuclear Physics A746 (2004) 156c-160c.3) J. Stoker et al., “Commissioning Report on the NSCL RF Fragment Separator,” future presentation at the 234th ACS National Meeting,

Boston, MA, 19th –23rd, August 2007

LISE++


Isomers in LISE++Isomers in LISE++

* GANIL isomer database in LISE++* LISE internal isomer database * -detector efficiency* Rate calculation of isomer rays * Isomeric -spectrum* Identification 2D-plot in coincidence

with rays

LISE++ LISE++ databasedatabase

registrationregistration settings settings

Identification 2D-plot in coincidence with rays: Monte Carlo


Monte Carlo calculation of fragment transmission

• Detector resolution is optionally taking into account for TOF, TKE and Energy Loss• Only transmission value for angular acceptance and cutting by slits are shown(not Q-state value, loose due to reaction in material, etc)• Transmission value corresponds for Last block used in the calculations (on this dialog for example the last block is “I2_wedge” block)

Like in a regular experiment: the user chooses two coordinates in the MC transmission dialog to create a 2d-spectrum



All LISE++ blocks were adapted for MC transmission including Gas-filled separator, Wien–filter, and RF-kicker. All remarks will be appreciated.

RF-kickerexample



D.J.M.’s idea



Pink background shows that reactions will be

calculated in this materialUse this checkbox to make the

code to consider this material as secondary target

Up to three secondary targets can used in LISE++

calculations

reaction target #1reaction target #2

production target LISE++ convolution technique well suited to

make calculations in reasonable time comparing to MC methods (P.35)



Comparasion with experimental data


New UtilitiesNew Utilities

Twinsol (solenoid) utility: ray trace and matrix solutions (TA&MU)

ISOL catcher utility(FLNR, Dubna)

Wedge-wedge optimization(NSCL/MSU, GSI)

Kinematics calculator: Mott scattering (GANIL)

Decay channel analysis(NSCL/MSU)


Optimization proceduresOptimization procedures

Target thickness (v.2.0)

Charge states combination (v.7.5)

Target thickness (v.7.5)charge states optimization + secondary reactions

Brho scanning (v.7.5)background rate calculation

Target – Wedge (v7.5)yield vs purity

RF kicker (v.7.6)position, slits size, phase: yield vs purity

Wedge – Wedge (v.7.8)yield vs purity

v.2 (1991)

to produce an intense and pure secondary beam to produce an intense and pure secondary beam using different reaction mechanismsusing different reaction mechanisms


Simulation of Transmission through Separator

User-friendly (interface, plots, documentation)

Transmission calculations (quality, speed)

Utilities, database (isotopes, gamma) development

Physics (reaction models, energy loss, charge states and etc)

Optics (optimization, high orders)

Adaptation to “real” life, Development

A-

A

A+

B

F

A

Graduate Student: “LISE++”A-F scale

The exam was not passed!


Perspectives

LISE++ physics:Production mechanisms,

energy loss etc

LISE++ ISOL catcher

A la “LISE” shell to construct a spectrometer

MOTER: optics and

optimization

LISE++ graphics

LISE++ databases

LISE++ LISE++ MOTER = LISE_***** ?? MOTER = LISE_***** ??


““MOTER” ray trace code for MS Windows MOTER” ray trace code for MS Windows (FORTRAN and C++ versions)(FORTRAN and C++ versions)

Morris’s Optimized Tracing of Enge’s Rays

1. Fortran to C source transformation 2. Adaptation for MS Windows

Next Steps

3. C++ classes and source optimization 4. Substitution by functions from LISE++ library (for example energy loss, straggling) 5. Documentation, Manual 6. Shell construction 7. Graphical output of calculation results


SummarySummary

Welcome to the LISE site to see details!

Register in LISE’s sites to get information about new versions of the code

http://www.nscl.msu.edu/lise

The authors thank for the help and support in developing LISE++ code:

Brad Sherrill (NSCL/MSU)

Dave Morrissey (NSCL/MSU)

Helmut Weick (GSI)

Marek Lewitowicz (GANIL)

DOE #DE-FG03-03ER41265 grant

NSF #PHY-01-10253 grant

Recently some models have been developed (AF, ADA) and several reaction mechanisms (CF, AF, FF) have been implemented the LISE++ code to calculate the transmission and yields of fragments produced and collected in a spectrometer.

Fragment production in material and Monte Carlo calculation of fragment

transmission are new features of the code.

The LISE++ program becomes more and more an important tool for the planning experiments at different laboratories around the world (MSU, RIBF, GSI, GANIL, etc).

Next step: Next step: LISE++ LISE++ MOTER MOTER









secondary beam production with fragment separators

Documents

lise codethe program

lise version

lise framework

lise code1994

lise code1999

lise code2003nscl msuv

compensating dipole

lise reference manual