scit 1408 applied human anatomy and physiology ii - digestive system chapter 23 a
TRANSCRIPT
-
8/18/2019 SCIT 1408 Applied Human Anatomy and Physiology II - Digestive System Chapter 23 A
1/33
Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Digestive System Functions:
Digestion & Absorption
Alimentary canal Mouth
Pharynx
Esophagus
Stomach
Small intestine
Large intestine
Accessory digestive organs Teeth
Tongue
Gallbladder
Salivary glands
Liver
Pancreas
-
8/18/2019 SCIT 1408 Applied Human Anatomy and Physiology II - Digestive System Chapter 23 A
2/33
Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 23.1
1.
.
!.
".#.
$.
The %igestive Tract
-
8/18/2019 SCIT 1408 Applied Human Anatomy and Physiology II - Digestive System Chapter 23 A
3/33
Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 23.2
Ta&ing 'ood in
(ontraction)relaxation
(atabolic
rxns
movement o' nutrients 'rom the
G* tract to the blood or lymph
+aste
elimination InterActive Physiology®:
Motility, pages 3-5
-
8/18/2019 SCIT 1408 Applied Human Anatomy and Physiology II - Digestive System Chapter 23 A
4/33
Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Peristalsis and Segmentation
Figure 23.3
Peristalsis , pushes 'ood thru in
1 directionSegmentation- bac&
'orth/ mixing propulsion
-
8/18/2019 SCIT 1408 Applied Human Anatomy and Physiology II - Digestive System Chapter 23 A
5/33
Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Intrinsic!"trinsic #ontrol o$ t%e I 'ract
Figure 23.(
InterActive Physiology®:
Control of the Digestive System,
pages 3-8
-
8/18/2019 SCIT 1408 Applied Human Anatomy and Physiology II - Digestive System Chapter 23 A
6/33
Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Peritoneum and Peritoneal #avity
Figure 23.)a
smaller
-
8/18/2019 SCIT 1408 Applied Human Anatomy and Physiology II - Digestive System Chapter 23 A
7/33Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Peritoneum and Peritoneal #avity
Figure 23.)b
-
8/18/2019 SCIT 1408 Applied Human Anatomy and Physiology II - Digestive System Chapter 23 A
8/33Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
*lood Supply: Splanc%nic #irculation
Arteries0
epatic2 splenic2 le't gastric
*n'erior and superior
mesenteric
3rgans served0
Spleen2 liver2 stomach
Small and large intestines
epatic portal circulation0
(ollects nutrient rich venous blood 'romdigestive visera delivers it to liver 'or
metabolism
-
8/18/2019 SCIT 1408 Applied Human Anatomy and Physiology II - Digestive System Chapter 23 A
9/33Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
+istology o$ t%e Alimentary #anal
Figure 23.,
-
8/18/2019 SCIT 1408 Applied Human Anatomy and Physiology II - Digestive System Chapter 23 A
10/33Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
-ayers o$ Alimentary #anal: ucosa
Stuctures:
1.Epithelium- Simple columnar epithelium2 goblet cells
$. Lamina propria- areolar2 lymphoid
#. Muscularis mucosae- local movements o' mucosa
Functions:
1. Secretion o' mucus-Protects organs 'rom auto digestion
$. Absorption o' end products o' digestion
#. Protection against in'ectious disease
-
8/18/2019 SCIT 1408 Applied Human Anatomy and Physiology II - Digestive System Chapter 23 A
11/33Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
-ayers o$ Alimentary #anal:
Sumucosa , dense connective tissue/
Elastic 'ibers
4lood2 lymphatic vessels2 lymph nodes2 nerves
Muscularis e!terna , circular2 longitudinal muscle
Segmentation
Peristalsis
Serosa , protective visceral peritoneum 5eplaced by the 'ibrous adventitia in the esophagus
5etroperitoneal organs have both an adventitia and serosa
-
8/18/2019 SCIT 1408 Applied Human Anatomy and Physiology II - Digestive System Chapter 23 A
12/33Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
!nteric /ervous System
$ intrinsic nerve plexuses0
Submucosal nerve plexus , regulates glands and
smooth muscle in the mucosa
Myenteric nerve plexus , Ma6or nerve supply thatcontrols G* tract mobility
Segmentation and peristalsis are largely automatic
involving local re'lex arcs
Lin&ed to the (7S via long autonomic re'lex arc
P-A0P-A0 InterActive Physiology :
#ontrol o$ t%e Digestive System page )
-
8/18/2019 SCIT 1408 Applied Human Anatomy and Physiology II - Digestive System Chapter 23 A
13/33
Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
out%
3ral or buccal cavity0
lips2 chee&s2 palate2 tongue
strati'ied s8uamous epithelium
gums2 hard palate2 dorsum o' tongue &eratini9ed
P-A0P-A0 InterActive Physiology :
Anatomy evie4 page (
-
8/18/2019 SCIT 1408 Applied Human Anatomy and Physiology II - Digestive System Chapter 23 A
14/33
Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Anatomy o$ t%e 5ral #avity: out%
Figure 23.6a
-
8/18/2019 SCIT 1408 Applied Human Anatomy and Physiology II - Digestive System Chapter 23 A
15/33
Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
5ral #avity and P%aryn": Anterior 7ie4
Figure 23.6b
:Tongue tied;
-
8/18/2019 SCIT 1408 Applied Human Anatomy and Physiology II - Digestive System Chapter 23 A
16/33
Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
'ongue
s position
Lingual 'renulum- secures the tongue to the 'looro' the mouth/ short? tongue tied/ surgical repair
-
8/18/2019 SCIT 1408 Applied Human Anatomy and Physiology II - Digestive System Chapter 23 A
17/33
Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
'ongue
Superior sur'ace bears three types o' papillae
-
8/18/2019 SCIT 1408 Applied Human Anatomy and Physiology II - Digestive System Chapter 23 A
18/33
Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
'ongue
Figure 23.8
-
8/18/2019 SCIT 1408 Applied Human Anatomy and Physiology II - Digestive System Chapter 23 A
19/33
Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Salivary lands
Produce and secrete saliva that0
(leanses the mouth
Moistens and dissolves 'ood chemicals
Aids in bolus 'ormation
(ontains en9ymes that brea& do=n starch Extrinsics0 Parotid2 Submandibular2 Sublingual/ digestion
*ntrinsic0 Throughout the oral mucosa/ moisture
Serous cells- ma&e saliva Mucus cells- ma&e mucus
Strong sympathetic stimulus" #ry mouth
InterActive Physiology®:
Secretion, pages 3-5
-
8/18/2019 SCIT 1408 Applied Human Anatomy and Physiology II - Digestive System Chapter 23 A
20/33
Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Salivary lands
Figure 23.9a
1.
#.
$.
MCMPS
-
8/18/2019 SCIT 1408 Applied Human Anatomy and Physiology II - Digestive System Chapter 23 A
21/33
Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Saliva: Source and #omposition
D-DD.!F =ater2 hypo-osmotic2 slightly acidic
solution containing
Electrolytes , 7aG2 H G2 (l , 2 P3"$, 2 (3# ,
%igestive en9yme , salivary amylase Proteins , mucin2 lyso9yme2 de'ensins2 and *gA
Metabolic =astes , urea and uric acid
-
8/18/2019 SCIT 1408 Applied Human Anatomy and Physiology II - Digestive System Chapter 23 A
22/33
Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
'eet%
Primary and permanent dentitions have 'ormed by
age $1
Primary , $I deciduous teeth that erupt at intervals bet=een and $" months
Permanent , enlarge and develop causing the rooto' deciduous teeth to be resorbed and 'all out bet=een the ages o' and 1$ years
All but the third molars have erupted by the end o'adolescence
Csually #$ permanent teeth
-
8/18/2019 SCIT 1408 Applied Human Anatomy and Physiology II - Digestive System Chapter 23 A
23/33
Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Deciduous 'eet%
Figure 23.1.1
-
8/18/2019 SCIT 1408 Applied Human Anatomy and Physiology II - Digestive System Chapter 23 A
24/33
Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Permanent 'eet%
Figure 23.1.2
-
8/18/2019 SCIT 1408 Applied Human Anatomy and Physiology II - Digestive System Chapter 23 A
25/33
Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
$* 1( $PM #M
J $ @#$ teeth$* 1( $PM #M
Dental Formula: Permanent 'eet%
A shorthand =ay o' indicating the number and
relative position o' teeth
+ritten as ratio o' upper to lo=er teeth 'or the
mouth
Primary0 $* @incisors2 1( @canine2 $M @molars
Permanent0 $*2 1(2 $PM @premolars2 #M
-
8/18/2019 SCIT 1408 Applied Human Anatomy and Physiology II - Digestive System Chapter 23 A
26/33
Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
'oot% Structure
T=o main regions , cro=n and the root
(ro=n , exposed part o' the tooth above thegingiva
Enamel , acellular2 brittle material composed o'calcium salts and hydroxyapatite crystals/ thehardest substance in the body
Encapsules the cro=n o' the tooth
5oot , portion o' the tooth embedded in the 6a=bone
-
8/18/2019 SCIT 1408 Applied Human Anatomy and Physiology II - Digestive System Chapter 23 A
27/33
Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
'oot% Structure
7ec& , constriction =here the cro=n and root
come together
(ementum , calci'ied connective tissue
(overs the root Attaches it to the periodontal ligament
-
8/18/2019 SCIT 1408 Applied Human Anatomy and Physiology II - Digestive System Chapter 23 A
28/33
Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
'oot% Structure
Periodontal ligament
Anchors the tooth in the alveolus o' the 6a=
-
8/18/2019 SCIT 1408 Applied Human Anatomy and Physiology II - Digestive System Chapter 23 A
29/33
Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
'oot% Structure
%entin , boneli&e material deep to the enamel cap
that 'orms the bul& o' the tooth
Pulp cavity , cavity surrounded by dentin that
contains pulp
Pulp , connective tissue2 blood vessels2 and nerves
-
8/18/2019 SCIT 1408 Applied Human Anatomy and Physiology II - Digestive System Chapter 23 A
30/33
Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
'oot% Structure
5oot canal , portion o' the pulp cavity that extends
into the root
Apical 'oramen , proximal opening to the root
canal
3dontoblasts , secrete and maintain dentin
throughout li'e
-
8/18/2019 SCIT 1408 Applied Human Anatomy and Physiology II - Digestive System Chapter 23 A
31/33
Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
'oot% Structure
Figure 23.11
-
8/18/2019 SCIT 1408 Applied Human Anatomy and Physiology II - Digestive System Chapter 23 A
32/33
Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
'oot% and um Disease
%ental caries , gradual deminerali9ation o' enamel
and dentin by bacterial action
%ental pla8ue2 a 'ilm o' sugar2 bacteria2 and mouth
debris2 adheres to teeth
Acid produced by the bacteria in the pla8ue
dissolves calcium salts
+ithout these salts2 organic matter is digested by
proteolytic en9ymes
%aily 'lossing and brushing help prevent caries by
removing 'orming pla8ue
-
8/18/2019 SCIT 1408 Applied Human Anatomy and Physiology II - Digestive System Chapter 23 A
33/33
'oot% and um Disease: Periodontitis Gingivitis , as pla8ue accumulates2 it calci'ies and
'orms calculus2 or tartar Accumulation o' calculus0
%isrupts the seal bet=een the gingivae and the
teeth Puts the gums at ris& 'or in'ection
Periodontitis , serious gum disease resulting 'rom
an immune response *mmune system attac&s intruders as =ell as body
tissues2 carving poc&ets around the teeth anddissolving bone