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UC Santa Cruz Tesla Coil Show UC Santa Cruz Tesla Coil Show powerpoint presentationpowerpoint presentation

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Usual Tesla Program: Fun Usual Tesla Program: Fun Introduction : Introduction :

Standard Model and CosmologyStandard Model and Cosmology

UC Santa Cruz Outreach UC Santa Cruz Outreach Safety FirstSafety First Corona: Corona:

– Zorro’s Sword Zorro’s Sword – Lights without CordsLights without Cords

How the Tesla Coil WorksHow the Tesla Coil Works Knight in ArmorKnight in Armor

– Bolt to the faceBolt to the face– Fighting LightningFighting Lightning

Facts about LightningFacts about Lightning Mystery Knight in ArmorMystery Knight in Armor

– Sparks from the feetSparks from the feet

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Today’s Tesla Program:Today’s Tesla Program:

UC Santa Cruz Outreach ActivitiesUC Santa Cruz Outreach Activities Discussion of Sections of Tesla DemoDiscussion of Sections of Tesla Demo

– Standard Model of Particle PhysicsStandard Model of Particle Physics– CosmologyCosmology– Zorro: Conductors vs. fieldZorro: Conductors vs. field– How the Tesla Coil WorksHow the Tesla Coil Works– Power conversion: Transformer, Accelerator, AGN’sPower conversion: Transformer, Accelerator, AGN’s– Knight in Armor: Faraday cage, safetyKnight in Armor: Faraday cage, safety– Historical facts about TeslaHistorical facts about Tesla– Facts about LightningFacts about Lightning– Mystery Knight in ArmorMystery Knight in Armor

What is relevant for your class?What is relevant for your class? What other important Physics and Engineering principles What other important Physics and Engineering principles

can we bring to your class with the Tesla show?can we bring to your class with the Tesla show?

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OUTREACH ACTIVITESOUTREACH ACTIVITES

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Teaching, Research, OutreachTeaching, Research, Outreach

Particle Physics: Quarks, Gluons Particle Physics: Quarks, Gluons

AstroPhysicsAstroPhysics

Large objects in the skyLarge objects in the sky

Black holes, SupernovaeBlack holes, Supernovae

SLACSLAC

Visit us.Visit us.

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Teaching, Research, OutreachTeaching, Research, Outreach

SCIPP OUTREACH:TeslaTesla Coil at your School: “Zap your Teacher”

QuarknetInvite H.S. teachers into our labs for Summer research programInvite H.S. student interns into our labs for a science experience

BalloonFestOrganize a High School Science meet on Ballooning

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Quarknet Summer Program:H.S. teachers and student interns do research

Mid June – Mid July 2007

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During the Summer of 2007,6 High School student interns will work in the SCIPP Labs on:• Designing and building

a Balloon Deployable Cosmic Ray Detector

Electronics (FPGA)Scintillator Panels + PMTPayloadLaunch PreparationFlight Schedule

• Muon Lifetime Experiment• Website

High School Student Internship 2007

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Hands-on experience with hardware and data analysis ($300 stipend )

1 Week Teacher Workshop: Late June ‘07

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Balloonfest in Paso Robles and Vacaville: 15 teams of 80 h. s. students launched balloons, gather & analyze data.

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June 2, 2007 Tobin James Cellars, June 2, 2007 Tobin James Cellars, Paso RoblesPaso Robles

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SCIENCE SECTIONSCIENCE SECTION

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Galaxy

DNA

CellAtom

Nucleus

Electron microscope

Accelerator

The size of the object and its distance tells me what kind of instrument I need to see it.

Larger & Farther away

Smaller & Harder to see

A Physicist View of the Universe

Logarithmic Scale: every inch = factor 10

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Your Cosmic HistoryYour Cosmic History(an astronomer’s perspective)(an astronomer’s perspective)

You!Protein molecules:Basic building blocks of life

Earth and Sun:Home of the C,N,O atoms from which

these protein molecules were assimilated

Sun’s ancestral stars:Their nuclear fusion reactionsproduced these C,N,O atoms

Galaxy:Large familyof stars

You are here!

SUPERNOVAE!!!!

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Relatives of the Milky WayRelatives of the Milky Way

Milky Way

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Normally you can't see, hear or Normally you can't see, hear or smell electricity, but the Tesla Coil smell electricity, but the Tesla Coil generates generates 1 million volts1 million volts, causing, causing• Bright sparksBright sparks• Loud crackling noiseLoud crackling noise• The air smell strange (Ozone)The air smell strange (Ozone)

SAFETY RULESSAFETY RULESSAFETY RULESSAFETY RULES

BRACE YOURSELF!BRACE YOURSELF!BRACE YOURSELF!BRACE YOURSELF!

1 Million 1 Million Volts! Volts!

DANGERDANGER

1 Million 1 Million Volts! Volts!

DANGERDANGER Stay at least 20 ft. awayStay at least 20 ft. away Computers, Gameboys, CD players, Computers, Gameboys, CD players,

telephones to the back of the room – telephones to the back of the room – unplugged, switched off!unplugged, switched off!

Hearing aids off, pacemakers out of Hearing aids off, pacemakers out of room!room!

SAFETY FIRST!SAFETY FIRST!SAFETY FIRST!SAFETY FIRST!

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ZORRO: EM FIELDZORRO: EM FIELD

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ZorroZorroZorroZorro

Drawing lightning with a swordDrawing lightning with a sword

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Sparks fly to sword

Electric current goes back through wire

Some electric current also goes through the air and lights up fluorescent bulbs

Where else does that happen?

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TECHNICAL SECTION:TECHNICAL SECTION:TESLA COIL EXPLAINEDTESLA COIL EXPLAINED

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Voltage Voltage starts starts at 120 at 120 ends ends up at up at

1 million!1 million!

Voltage Voltage starts starts at 120 at 120 ends ends up at up at

1 million!1 million!

TransformerTransformer14,000volt

OutletOutlet120 volt

Resonance circuitResonance circuit1 million

volt

Summary of Tesla coil Summary of Tesla coil operation:operation:

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High voltage sparks I: Jacob’s ladderHigh voltage sparks I: Jacob’s ladderHigh voltage sparks I: Jacob’s ladderHigh voltage sparks I: Jacob’s ladder

Roff:

RJ

RJ>>R -> VJ>>VR

I=0

on:RJR

RJ<<R

I=V/(RJ+R)

R14kVE=VJ/d

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primarytransformer

secondarytransformer

S

C

T

P2 S2

UCSC EE 70

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primarytransformer

secondarytransformer

• 110 VAC -> >=14kV• C gets charged• high V across S

S

C

T

P2 S2

• S breaks down• C discharges through P2• resonant circuit (S,C,P2)

CP 2/11

• virtual capacitor (T -> ground)

• resonant circuit (S2,T)

• energy transfer

• voltage gain :

• power transfer/sparks at 1 (10-100 MHz)

12 2/1 TS

kVVTCV CT 100/

High voltage sparks II: Tesla coil High voltage sparks II: Tesla coil High voltage sparks II: Tesla coil High voltage sparks II: Tesla coil

SCIPPUC Santa Cruz Transformer 101

Power conserved (at best! - heat, sound, motion all reduce efficiency!)

Power = current*voltage = I*V is constant

The Power is transmitted by the Magnetic Flux

from the primary (n1) to the secondary winding (n2)

(best to use iron core to keep the magnetic flux inside!)

V1, I1

V2, I2

n1

n2

Magnet Yoke

Magnet Flux

V1 n1*d/dt

V2 n2*d/dt

V2 n2/n1* V1

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PHYSICS PRINCIPLE SECTION:PHYSICS PRINCIPLE SECTION:CONVERSION OF ENERGYCONVERSION OF ENERGY

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Electrical Power Electrical Power

is converted is converted

wind, water, wind, water,

thermal powerthermal power

Electrical Power Electrical Power

is converted is converted

wind, water, wind, water,

thermal powerthermal power

Physics Principle: TransformerPhysics Principle: TransformerPhysics Principle: TransformerPhysics Principle: Transformer

Power goes inat 14000 Volts

Power comes outAt 120 Volts

It is brought to your city It is brought to your city

on high voltage lines to transformerson high voltage lines to transformers

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Transformation of PowerTransformation of Power

The SLAC linear accelerator creates The SLAC linear accelerator creates 90 Billion90 Billion Volts, Volts, as much as as much as 90,000 Tesla coils!90,000 Tesla coils!

We use that power to make We use that power to make new particles for new particles for scientific researchscientific research

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Transformation of PowerTransformation of PowerElectrical power is converted everywhere Electrical power is converted everywhere

At home: Iron, Micro wave, Heater, RadioAt home: Iron, Micro wave, Heater, Radio

GLAST Mission (SCIPP+SLAC):GLAST Mission (SCIPP+SLAC):

investigate the most powerful investigate the most powerful “power plants” in the universe “power plants” in the universe

GLASTGLAST

Space hosts incredible Power sourcesSpace hosts incredible Power sources

Black holes explode :Black holes explode :

Matter -> Light, x-rays, “jets”Matter -> Light, x-rays, “jets”

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Meet the Fighting KnightMeet the Fighting KnightMeet the Fighting KnightMeet the Fighting Knight

Fighting LightningFighting Lightning

Bolt to the HeadBolt to the Head

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HISTORICAL SECTION:HISTORICAL SECTION:NICOLA TESLANICOLA TESLA

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Thomas “DC” Thomas “DC” Edison Edison

and his Batteriesand his Batteries

Nikola “AC” TeslaNikola “AC” Tesla

and his and his GeneratorsGenerators

vs.vs.

Tesla RevivalTesla Revival 271 web sites are dedicated to Nikola 271 web sites are dedicated to Nikola

TeslaTesla Join the “Tesla Coil Web Ring” Join the “Tesla Coil Web Ring”

http://nav.webring.yahoo.com/hub?ring=teslaring&list

History was not kind to N. Tesla:History was not kind to N. Tesla:

Engineering Battle Royal of the 20Engineering Battle Royal of the 20thth Century:Century:

Edison won the first Edison won the first rounds, rounds,

but Tesla carried the daybut Tesla carried the day

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Nikola Tesla as a Daredevil in a double-exposure Nikola Tesla as a Daredevil in a double-exposure photographphotograph

Learn more at Learn more at http://nav.webring.yahoo.com/hub?ring=teslaring&list

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SCIENCE SECTION:SCIENCE SECTION:ATOMIC and ATHMOSPHERIC ATOMIC and ATHMOSPHERIC PHYSICSPHYSICS

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LightningLightning

Jacob’s LadderJacob’s Ladder

CoronaCorona

Tesla SparksTesla Sparks

are all related. are all related.

LightningLightning

Jacob’s LadderJacob’s Ladder

CoronaCorona

Tesla SparksTesla Sparks

are all related. are all related.

Principle:Principle: Air is made of molecules. When they are Air is made of molecules. When they are ionized, they become charged and can conduct a ionized, they become charged and can conduct a current like an electrical wire. current like an electrical wire.

If there is a large current, it heats up the air and If there is a large current, it heats up the air and makes light. Thus, the sparks, flames etc are direct makes light. Thus, the sparks, flames etc are direct evidence for the model of atoms!evidence for the model of atoms!

Electricity in AirElectricity in Air

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How lightning worksHow lightning works

+

++

+

+

+

+

+

+

+++

++

+++

+ – –

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

– – –

–

–

–

++

+

++ ++ ++ ++ ++ ++ ++ ++ ++++ ++++++++

– – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –

– – – – – – – – – – – – – –

– – – – – – – – – – – –

– – – –

++ ++ ++ ++++++

++ ++

++ ++

++++ ++

++ ++ ++ ++ ++ ++

++++

++ ++ ++

++

Ground is safe!Ground is safe!

In the turbulent clouds, charges In the turbulent clouds, charges get separatedget separated

The ionized air can conduct the The ionized air can conduct the electrical currentelectrical current

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TECHNICAL SECTION:TECHNICAL SECTION:FARADAY CAGEFARADAY CAGE

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The Faraday CageThe Faraday Cage

++++ ++

++++

++ ++ ++ ++++++++

– – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –

– – – –

– –

++++++

++ ++++++

Are you Are you safesafe in an airplane in an airplane or a car during a lightning or a car during a lightning storm?storm?

Is it safe for the knight to Is it safe for the knight to be hit by the lightning be hit by the lightning bolt?bolt?

Yes!Yes! Electric current flows Electric current flows invisibly through the invisibly through the outsideoutside of the metal shell of the metal shell (Faraday Cage), not (Faraday Cage), not touching the people touching the people inside.inside.

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Posted on Tue, May. 17, 2005Posted on Tue, May. 17, 2005

Students uninjured after power line falls on carStudents uninjured after power line falls on car

By Sandra GonzalesBy Sandra Gonzales

Mercury NewsMercury News

Four San Jose State University students Four San Jose State University students escaped injury Monday night after being escaped injury Monday night after being trapped in their car after a power line fell on it trapped in their car after a power line fell on it near the university.near the university.

At about 8 p.m., the four were traveling in the At about 8 p.m., the four were traveling in the car on South Sixth Street near East William car on South Sixth Street near East William Street when a tree fell, blocking the street and Street when a tree fell, blocking the street and knocking down power lines, fire officials said.knocking down power lines, fire officials said.

The lines struck a chain-link fence, a parked The lines struck a chain-link fence, a parked Honda Accord and a Chevrolet van, and one Honda Accord and a Chevrolet van, and one landed on the moving car. As the scene landed on the moving car. As the scene unfolded, a San Jose fire engine that happened unfolded, a San Jose fire engine that happened to be nearby responded, warning the to be nearby responded, warning the occupants of the Toyota Corolla to stay inside occupants of the Toyota Corolla to stay inside until PG&E could shut off the power to the line. until PG&E could shut off the power to the line. The car's occupants were safe while they were The car's occupants were safe while they were inside the car, but could have been inside the car, but could have been electrocuted if they attempted to get out electrocuted if they attempted to get out before the power was cut.before the power was cut.

Once the power was shut off, the students Once the power was shut off, the students safely left their car unharmed. The downed safely left their car unharmed. The downed power lines, however, sparked a small fire on a power lines, however, sparked a small fire on a nearby tree that was quickly extinguished.nearby tree that was quickly extinguished.

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Mystery KnightMystery KnightMystery KnightMystery Knight

Who is afraid of Lightning?Who is afraid of Lightning?

Not the Mystery Knight!Not the Mystery Knight!

Even if she/he is NOT Even if she/he is NOT groundedgrounded

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Electrical Electrical current current flows on the flows on the OUTSIDE of OUTSIDE of a metal!a metal!

Is the Mystery Knight OK?Is the Mystery Knight OK? Let’s check!Let’s check!

The armored suit is safe! The armored suit is safe! It's a Faraday Cage – no It's a Faraday Cage – no

electric field allowed inside.electric field allowed inside.

Is the Mystery Knight OK?Is the Mystery Knight OK? Let’s check!Let’s check!

The armored suit is safe! The armored suit is safe! It's a Faraday Cage – no It's a Faraday Cage – no

electric field allowed inside.electric field allowed inside.Invisible Invisible currentcurrent

Visible Visible sparkssparks

GroundGround

1 Million Volts1 Million Volts

Visible Visible sparkssparks

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Say “Good bye” to Say “Good bye” to

Daniel Greenhouse,Daniel Greenhouse,

the brain behind the sparksthe brain behind the sparks

He was an undergraduateHe was an undergraduate

at UC Santa Cruz.at UC Santa Cruz.

http://scipp.ucsc.eduhttp://scipp.ucsc.edu

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Fysiks is Phun!Fysiks is Phun!

Questions?Questions?

Comments?Comments?

Ask after the show, e-mail, visit…Ask after the show, e-mail, visit…

You can find our us on the webYou can find our us on the web

http://scipp.ucsc.edu http://scipp.ucsc.edu

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Discussion: How much can we learn?Discussion: How much can we learn?

Discussion of Sections of Tesla DemoDiscussion of Sections of Tesla Demo– Standard Model of Particle PhysicsStandard Model of Particle Physics– CosmologyCosmology– Zorro: Conductors vs. fieldZorro: Conductors vs. field– How the Tesla Coil WorksHow the Tesla Coil Works– Power conversion: Transformer, Accelerator, AGN’sPower conversion: Transformer, Accelerator, AGN’s– Knight in Armor: Faraday cage, safetyKnight in Armor: Faraday cage, safety– Historical facts about TeslaHistorical facts about Tesla– Facts about LightningFacts about Lightning

UC Santa Cruz Outreach ActivitiesUC Santa Cruz Outreach Activities