scientific naming system nomenclature. what is the difference between an element and a compound?
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Scientific Naming System
Nomenclature
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What is the difference
between an element and a
compound?
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DefinitionsElements cannot be broken down by
physical or chemical changes. Compounds are composed of 2 or more
elements that can be broken down by chemical change.
What type of matter can be broken down by physical changes?
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IonsIons are elements with a charge. The reference table
lists these charges for each element. If the element is positive, it is called a cation.Cations are named the same as the element.
(Example: Ca=Calcium atom / Ca+2=Calcium ion)If the element in negative, it is called an anion.Anions are named ending with “-ide”
(Example: N=Nitrogen atom / N-3 = Nitride ion)
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You try:Mg+2
K+
O-2
F-
Li+I-
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Binary CompoundsBinary Compounds consist of only two of
elements. To name: write the complete name of the first element. The second element should then be named, ending in “-ide.”
NaCl sodium chlorideKI potassium iodideMgCl2Ca3N2
magnesium chloridecalcium nitride
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You try…
Li3PAl2S3
SrBr2
Rb2OBaSeCsI
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Criss-cross RuleTo write a formula, write the two ions
separately showing their charges. Charges are on the periodic table. Then, swap the two numbers and drop the sign:
Calcium nitride:Ca2+ N-3
Ca3N2
Lithium oxide: Li+ O-2
Li2O
Notice, we don’t write ones!
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Problem:FeCl2 and FeCl3 are different
compounds but seem to have the same name. How can we name them different?
FeCl2 is iron (II) chloride FeCl3 is iron (III) chloride.
What do the roman numerals represent?
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Transition Metals and nonmetals
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Try these…FeCl2CuFZnON2O3
SO4
PCl3CH4
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Careful: This rule doesn’t ALWAYS
work for cations. Find the anion’s charge and equalize that with the cation’s charge as a
check.
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Try these…Potassium iodideMagnesium chlorideAluminum sulfideHydrogen oxideBarium selenideCesium phosphideStrontium phosphideCopper (II) flourideIron (III) telluride
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Tertiary CompoundsWhen compounds have more than
2 elements, it contains a polyatomic ion.
Polyatomic ion are a group of 2 or more atoms that are bonded very strongly and act as one ion.
AgNO3 silver nitrate
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Polyatomic ionsYou are given a list of polyatomic ions.
Naming compounds with these ions are easy once you familiarize yourself with the list.
CaCO3 calcium carbonateLiClO2 lithium chloriteNaOH sodium hydroxide(NH4)3PO4 ammonium phosphate
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You try…K2SO4
CsNO2
Ba(SCN)2
SrClO3
Al(HCO3)3
RbCN
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Try These…Name: Write the formula:Fe(SCN)2 Nickel (III) Nitride
CoCl3 Manganese (II) sulfite
NiBr2 Zinc sulfate
CuO Titanium (II) carbonate
MnI4 Gold (III) oxide
Ag2S Iron (III) Chloride
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Game
http://www.sciencegeek.net/APchemistry/APtaters/directory.shtml
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Covalent CompoundsIn some cases, binary covalent compounds
(compounds with nonmetals only) are named using prefixes and end in “-ide.” The prefixes used are listed below.
1 mono-2 di-3 tri-4 tetra-5 penta-6 hexa-7 hepta-8 oct-9 non-
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Name or write the formula:NOH2O
PCl5Cl2O7
Carbon tetrachloridePhosphorous tribromideSilicon dioxide
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