naming hydrocarbons (nomenclature)
DESCRIPTION
Naming Hydrocarbons (nomenclature). Organic Compounds. __________ Compounds - any covalently bonded compound containing carbon (except __________ , __________ and __________ ). Hydrocarbons. __________ - Organic compounds that contain only carbon & hydrogen - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Naming Hydrocarbons (nomenclature)
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Organic Compounds
• __________ Compounds - any covalently bonded compound containing carbon (except __________ , __________ and __________ )
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Hydrocarbons
• __________ - Organic compounds that contain only carbon & hydrogen
• __________ - contain only single covalent bonds
• __________ - contain one or more carbon - carbon double bond
• __________ - contain one or more carbon-carbon triple bond
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Saturated & Unsaturated Hydrocarbons
• Saturated hydrocarbons – contain only __________ carbon-carbon bonds (__________ )
• Unsaturated hydrocarbons – contain double carbon-carbon bonds (__________) or triple carbon-carbon (__________ ) bonds
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Formulas
• Alkanes = CnH2n+2
• Alkenes = CnH2n
• Alkynes = CnH2n-2
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Nomenclature
• Must memorize prefixes• To name, look at the
formula for the hydrocarbon
• Determine if it is an alkane, alkene, or alkyne
• Use the prefix for the number of carbons
• Add ending (ane, ene, yne)
Prefix # of carbon atoms
Meth- 1
Eth- 2
Prop- 3
But- 4
Pent- 5
Hex- 6
Hept- 7
Oct- 8
Non- 9
Dec- 10
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Example
• Name C3H8
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Mnemonic for first four prefixes
First four prefixes• Meth-• Eth-• Prop-• But-
MonkeysEatPeeledBananas
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Numbering carbons
Draw 1-pentene
Name these
CH3CH
CH
CH3
CH3 CH3
C2H4
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Multiple multiple bonds
• Give 1st bond (1st point of difference) lowest #• include di, tri, tetra, penta, etc. before ene/yne• Comma between #s, hyphen between #-letter
CH3CH3
CH3
CH2CCCCCCCH3
C C C C
H
H
H
H
H
H
CH3CH2CH2CH=C=CH2
CH2CCH
CHCH2
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C
C
C
CC H
HHH
H
H
HH H
H
Cyclic structures
• Cyclic structures are circular• Have “cyclo” in name
Draw the following: cyclobutene 1,3-cyclopentadiene cyclopropane
Name the following:
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CH3 CH3
CH3
CH3
Naming side chains
Root is the longest possible HC chainMust contain multiple bonds if presentAdd -yl to get name of side chainCommon side chains include:
CH3- methyl
CH3CH2- ethyl
CH3CH2CH2- propyl
(CH3)2CH- isopropylBr- (bromo)Cl- (chloro)F- (fluoro)I- (iodo)
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Naming side chainsExample: name the following structure
CH3 CH2 C
CH2
CH2 C
CH2
CH3
CH3
CH3
Step 1 - choose the correct ending
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Naming side chains
CH3 CH2 C
CH2
CH2 C
CH2
CH3
CH3
CH3
Step 2 - find the longest chain
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Naming side chains
CH3 CH2 C
CH2
CH2 C
CH2
CH3
CH3
CH3
Step 3 - add the prefix naming the longest chain
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Naming side chains
CH3 CH2 C
CH2
CH2 C
CH2
CH3
CH3
CH3
Step 4 - number the longest chain with the lowest number closest to the double bond
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CH3 CH2 C2
CH21
CH23
C4
CH25
CH3
CH3
CH36
CH3 CH2 C
CH2
CH2 C
CH2
CH3
CH3
CH3
Naming side chains
Step 5 - add that number to the name
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CH3 CH2 C2
CH21
CH23
C4
CH25
CH3
CH3
CH36
CH3 CH2 C
CH2
CH2 C
CH2
CH3
CH3
CH3
Naming side chains
ethyl
methyl
methylStep 6 - Name the side chains
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CH3 CH2 C
CH2
CH2 C
CH2
CH3
CH3
CH3
CH3 CH2 C2
CH21
CH23
C4
CH25
CH3
CH3
CH36
Naming side chains
ethyl
methyl
methylStep 7 - Place the side chains in alphabetical order & name the compound
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Name
CH3 CH2
CH CH3
CH2CH2
CH3
CH3 CH
CH
CH3
CH
CH3
CH2 CH2 CH3
CH2 CH3
CH3CH2CH CH CH CH2CH CH3
CH3
CH2CH3
CH3 CH3
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Draw the structures below
3-ethyl-2-methylpentane
3-ethyl-1,5,5-trimethylcyclohexene
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More practice
Br
CH3 C CH2C CH CH CH CH3
CH3
CH3
F
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Functional Groups
Class Functional group
Alcohol R – OH
Ether R — O — R’
Aldehyde O || R — C — H
Ketone O || R — C — R’
Carboxylic acid O
|| R — C — OH
Ester O || R — C — O — R’
Amine R’ | R — N — R’’
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2,2-dimethyl-3-hexene
2,5-dimethyloctane
octane
1,3-diethylcyclopentane
CH3
CH2CH2
CH2CH2
CH2CH2
CH3
CH3
CHCH2
CH2CH
CH2CH2
CH3
CH3
CH3
CH2
CH
CH2
CHCH2
CH2
CH3
CH2CH3
CH2 CH CH C CH3CH3
CH3
CH3
1
2
3
4
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CH2
CH2
CH2
CH3
CH3
CH3
CH2CH2
CH
CH
CH2CH2
CH2CH3
3,3-dimethylcyclopentene
cyclopropane
4-nonene
6-ethyl-2-octyne
5
6
7
8
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CH3 CH2
CH CH3
CH2CH2
CH3
CH3 CH
CH
CH3
CH
CH3
CH2 CH2 CH3
CH2 CH3
5-ethyl-2,4,6-trimethyloctane
CH3CH2CH CH CH CH2CH CH3
CH3
CH2CH3
CH3 CH3
3-methylhexane
4-ethyl-2,3-dimethylheptane
9 10
11
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cyclobutene
CH
CH2
CH
CH2
CHCH2
CH2
CH3
CH3
CH2
CH2
CH2 CH2
CH2
CH3
CH2 CH
C CH2
CH2 CH3
CH
CH3
CH3
CH3
1,2-dimethyl-6-propylcyclodecane
CH2
CH
CH2
CH
benzene
3,4-diethyl-2-hexene12 13
14
15
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4-ethyl-1,2-dimethylcycloheptane
2-hexene
2,7,8-trimethyldecane
3,3-diethylpentane
CH2 C CH2
CH2
CH2
CH3
CH3 CH3
CH3
CH3CH3
CH3 CH3
CH3
CH3 CH3
CH3
CH3 CH CH CH2 CH2 CH3
16
17
18
19
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3-ethyl-2-methylpentane
CH3 CH3
CH3CH3
3-ethyl-1,5,5-trimethylcyclohexene
CH3
CHCH
CH2CH3
CH3
CH2CH3
20
21