science for water management in mediterranean

SCIENCE FOR WATER MANAGEMENT SCIENCE FOR WATER MANAGEMENT IN THE MEDITERRANEANIN THE MEDITERRANEAN

é lVERSeau DéveloppementAgropolis International14 March, 201214 March, 2012

Association VERSeaussociation SeauDéveloppement

Pierre CHEVALLIER, President

Interfacing and f gfacilitation through

collaboration betweencollaboration betweenresearch, industry and

public authorities

VERSeau’s objective is to create synergies regarding

public authorities the institutional, technicaland legal aspects of water resources management

Activities of VERSeau Développement

Hosting the Executive Office of International Water Resources

Coordination of the Quality Charter for Sanitation Networks in Languedoc‐

Quality Charter IWRA

International Water Resources Association

for Sanitation Networks in LanguedocRoussillon

Coordination and

Development of and participation to Missions Coordination and

promotion of scientific projects

participation to international projects

Expertise

Missions

CIRCLE MED and CIRCLE 2European Project

CLIMPARKS C ti ith th

Support to local and national public policy

Cooperation programmes with the Conseil Général de l’Hérault

Support to Global Competitiviness Cluster for Water

Latest publication

Synthesis of CIRCLE‐MED projectCIRCLE MED project

results and recommendationsto decision‐makers on differentto decision makers on differentaspects of water management issues in Mediterranean coastalAvailable online: areas under climate change

conditions.

Available online:

www.circle‐med.net

Association VERSeauAssociation VERSeau

DéveloppementDéveloppement

Domaine de Lavalette

859, rue Jean‐François Breton

34093 Montpellier Cedex 5 Francep

+33 (0)4 67 61 04 00

verseau@verseaudeveloppement [email protected]

www.verseaudeveloppement.com

Agropolis InternationalAgropolis InternationalWorld centre for agriculture, food and environmental sciences

www.agropolis.org

l iPaul LUU, Director

A springboard for inter‐institutional exchange

•Montpellier 1,2 and 3, Nîmes and Perpignan

•Montpellier 1,2 and 3, Nîmes and Perpignan

5universities

•Montpellier SupAgro, •Montpellier SupAgro, 10 p p g ,CIHEAM/IAM.M, AgroParisTech/ENGREF, ENSC.M, ESCAIA, ICRA, ISTOM, Sup de Co EMA CODIGE

p p g ,CIHEAM/IAM.M, AgroParisTech/ENGREF, ENSC.M, ESCAIA, ICRA, ISTOM, Sup de Co EMA CODIGE

10higher

educational institutes

28 higher d iSup de Co, EMA, CODIGESup de Co, EMA, CODIGEinstitutes

•National: BRGM, CEA, Irstea (ex •National: BRGM, CEA, Irstea (ex

education and research

, , (CEMAGREF), CIRAD, CNRS, IFREMER, INRA, INSERM, IRD

• International: BioversityInternational CSIRO EMBRAPA

, , (CEMAGREF), CIRAD, CNRS, IFREMER, INRA, INSERM, IRD

• International: BioversityInternational CSIRO EMBRAPA

13 research institutes

institutes are members of

International, CSIRO, EMBRAPA, USDAInternational, CSIRO, EMBRAPA, USDA Agropolis

International

Pooled resources and expertise

3 agricultural 3 gcentres,

5 university • Specialised research hubs: remote sensing,

campuses and

3 research sites

ubs: e ote se s g,water sciences, human sciences

• Technology platforms: gy pEcotron, MEDIMEER, Station aquacole de Palavas, genotyping‐sequencing‐l i g h t i g

Common high‐performance

80 research units, mainly

cloning, phenotyping,bioinformatics, polyphenols, fractionation of plant material, performance

infrastructuresunits, mainly

inter‐organizational

p ,environmental technology…

• Collections, databases…

Comprehensive training opportunities

156 degree courses, professional and academic156 degree courses, professional and academicTechnicians, engineers, B.Sc., M.Sc., Ph.D.

6 graduate schoolsOver 600 Ph.D. students

Continuing education packagesShort or long‐term (standard or customized)

Training engineering

The highest concentration in Europeg p

for research and training in Agriculture, Food, Biodiversity, Environment

• 2 300 researchers and • 2,300 researchers and teachers

O d d •Over 5,000 students and trainees

10,000 people overall

An international platform open to Mediterranean and tropical regionsMediterranean and tropical regions

French institutions specialized in international cooperation: Cirad, IRD, Montpellier SupAgro/IRC

International institutions: CIHEAM‐IAMM, ICRA, BioversityInternational

Foreign laboratories (Australia, Brazil, USA) and international program representatives (CPWF)p g p ( )

Network integration: CGIAR, AgriNATURA, CILBA…

New headquarters of the CGIAR Consortium

Open to stakeholders of economic and agricultural development

M b f A li I t ti l

agricultural development

Members of Agropolis InternationalTransfer and interface bodies: Transferts LR, ACTA, ACTIA

Company representatives: LRIA CRCI VERSeau DéveloppementCompany representatives: LRIA, CRCI, VERSeau Développement

Consultancy and company offices: BRL, IBMA, ITK, Cade…

Collaboration with several competitiveness clusters

Integration of competitiveness clusters and technology g f p gyparks in international networks

Roles, missions and ventures

Coordination and organization of g fthe regional scientific community

Promotion of expertise worldwide

isibilit

Global support for regional innovation stakeholders

visibilityforum

facilitationManagement of partnerships

d ll ti j tf

added valuesubsidiarity

and collective projects

subsidiarity

Expertise of the regional scientific communityin the field of waterin the field of water

Thierry RIEU, Director of AgroParisTech center of Montpelliery , g p

Expertise of the regional scientific communityin the field of water

18 research units involved

in the field of water

18 research units involved

G th i g 800 i ti tGathering 800 scientists

Interacting with 10 international cooperation or valorisation structures

Offering 43 educationalprogrammes dealingp g gwith water

Main research themes in the field of water

UMR ART‐Dev X

The resource: identification,functioning, mobilisation

Conservation and restoration of water quality

Management of water resource and uses

UMR ART Dev XUMR EMMAH X XUMR ESPACE‐DEV X XUMR G EAU X X XUMR G‐EAU X X XUMR GM XUMR GRED XUMR HSM X X XUMR HSM X X XUMR IEM XUMR ITAP X X XUMR LAMETA XUMR LAMETA XUMR LISAH X X XUMR TETIS X X XUMS OREME XUPR GREEN XUPR EAU/NRE X XUPR LBE XUPR LGEI X X XUS Analysis X

International cooperation

International research centers or programs programs (CGIAR, CPWF, FRIEND UNESCO Program…)

National and international scientificand professional associations and professional associations (IAHS, IWRA, ICID/AFEID,

VERSeau Développement)pp )

Researchers from CIRAD and IRD posted overseas able to strengthen cooperation

Three research and education chairs

Membrane sciences applied to the environmentOn water treatment by membrane processes ( )(approved by UNESCO)

Water for AllWater for AllOffering capacity building programmes for utility managers in the developing and emerging countries for utility managers in the developing and emerging countries (in partnership with Suez‐Environnement)

Risks analyses of emerging contaminants in aquatic environmentsFocused on organic contaminants in water (in partnership with Veolia)

An innovative research dedicated to l ti f t tsolutions for water management

C ti i f th “W t ” titi l t Creation in 2010 of the “Water” competitiveness cluster including the Languedoc‐Roussillon, Midi‐Pyrénées and P Al Côt d’A giProvence‐Alpes‐Côte‐d’Azur regions

The “Water” cluster seeks to create value through innovative The Water cluster seeks to create value through innovative projects in the field of water use and management

4 strategic axes: Identification and use of water resources

C d d i i h hi h Concerted management and uses in contexts with high pressure on water resources

Reuse of water from all sources

Institutional and societal approaches in terms of stakeholders and decisionsInstitutional and societal approaches in terms of stakeholders and decisions

Examples of Innovative projects

ARENA projectIntegrated approach to analyze the vulnerability and adaptation capacities to Integrated approach to analyze the vulnerability and adaptation capacities to global changes of the « groundwater economy » in North Africa

Approved by the Water Competitiveness Cluster

Funded by ANR

ECODREDGE – MED projectEco technologies for extraction and valorization of sediment in ports Eco‐technologies for extraction and valorization of sediment in ports

Approved by the Water Competitiveness Cluster

Funded by FUI

HYDROGUARD projectAutonomous equipment and technologies for the optimized management of the means of prevention of floods pollutions and marine submersion in LR the means of prevention of floods, pollutions and marine submersion in LR and PACA

Approved by the Risk Competitiveness Cluster

Funded by FUI

Facing global changes in the Mediterranean region:Wh t ill t ’ t b lik ?What will tomorrow’s water resources be like?

RESCUE‐Med team

Denis RUELLANDCNRS H d S i M t lliCNRS‐ HydroSciences Montpellier

[email protected]

Marianne MILANO – Ph‐D studentPlan Bleu – UM2 – HydroSciences

[email protected]

The Mediterranean region: hot‐spot of climate change

Context Study area Method Results Conclusion & Prospects

The Mediterranean region: hot spot of climate change

Rainfall evolution – 2100 horizon Runoff evolution – 2100 horizon

IPCC, 2007IPCC, 2007

Différences (mm) between 2080‐2099 and 1980‐1999 – dots: over 80% of existing models agree on climate evolution

Will future water needs be satisfied in the Mediterranean region?

RESCUE Team ‐ HydroSciencesMontpellier ‐ 2012

the Mediterranean region?

The Mediterranean basin


The Mediterranean basin

22 countries

1.5 millions km²

73 groups of catchments

Only 21 Only 21 catchments exceeding 10000 km² in areakm in area

Heterogeneous region


Hydro‐climatic conditions


Hydro climatic conditions

250 900Eté

Mediterranean climate

250 – 900 mm

100 – 250 mm

100 – 250 mm

0 100

Eté

50 – 150 mm

0 – 100 mm

0 – 50 mm




250 900Eté



250 – 900 mm

100 – 250 mm

100 – 250 mm

0 100

Eté

Mean annual fresh water availability (1971–1990)

50 – 150 mm

0 – 100 mm

0 – 50 mm

As simulated by the Water Balance Model (Milano et al., 2011)




250 900Eté



250 – 900 mm

100 – 250 mm

100 – 250 mm

0 100

Eté

Mean annual fresh water availability (1971–1990)

50 – 150 mm

0 – 100 mm

0 – 50 mm Water resources availability per capita (2005)

As simulated by the Water Balance Model (Milano et al., 2011)


Plan Bleu, 2009

Towards significant climate and anthropic changesContext Study area Method Results Conclusion & Prospects

Population growth (UNPD, 2008) Percent share of irrigated areas in 1995 (FAO, 2000)

of in

habitant

sMillions o

(%)

Temperature

Blinda & Thivet, 2009(Sécheresse)

Temperaturevariation

(°C)

Milano et al 2011

Precipitationvariation

( C)

Milano et al., 2011(IAHS Publ. 347) Milano et al., subm.

(Global Env. Change)

(mm)RESCUE Team ‐ HydroSciencesMontpellier ‐ 2012

A regional modelling methodContext Study area Method Results Conclusion & Prospects

g g

H H

Water Withdrawals∑Retrospective period: 1971–1990

Prospective period: 2041–2060

Milano et al., 2011(IAHS Publ. 347)

Ruelland et al., 2012(J. Hydrol. 424-425)

WSI =Water Withdrawals∑

Water Availability

Prospective period: 2041 2060Milano et al. subm.(Hydrol. Sci. J.)


Trends in precipitation for 4 GCM by 2050Context Study area Method Results Conclusion & Prospects

p p f 4 y 5

Milano et al. subm.(Hydrol. Sci. J.)


Trends in water availability and demand by 2050


Trends in water availability and demand by 2050

Milano et al. subm.(Hydrol. Sci. J.)


Evolution of the Water Stress by 2050Context Study area Method Results Conclusion & Prospects

f y 5

Milano et al submMilano et al. subm.(Hydrol. Sci. J.)


Conclusion & prospectsContext Study area Method Results Conclusion & Prospects

Assessment of the water resources vulnerability in the Mediterranean regionthe Mediterranean region

Support to focus on the most vulnerable areas within the Mediterranean basin

Methodological challenges: seasonnaldynamics (dam operations, crop water y ( p , pdemand, tourism…)

Studies at a sub‐regional scale in gcollaboration with local stakeholders

Ebro (Spain)

Hé l (F )Hérault (France)

Ceyhan (Turkey)

…


h k f li iThank you for listening.

Contacts:

[email protected]

i il @ [email protected]

Some references:Ruelland, D., Ardoin‐Bardin, S., Collet, L. & Roucou, P. (2012). Simulating future trends in hydrological regime Ruelland, D., Ardoin Bardin, S., Collet, L. & Roucou, P. (2012). Simulating future trends in hydrological regime

of a large Sudano‐Sahelian catchment under climate change. J. Hydrol., 424–425, 207–216.

Milano, M., Ruelland, D., Fernandez, S., Dezetter, A., Ardoin‐Bardin, S., Fabre, J., Thivet, G. & Servat, E. (2011). Assessing the impacts of global changes on the water resources of the Mediterranean basin. In: Risk in W t R M g t IAHS P bl 3 16 1 2Water Resources Management. IAHS Publ., 347, 165–172.

Milano, M., Ruelland, D., Fernandez, S., Dezetter, A., Fabre, J. Servat, E., Fritsch, J.‐M., Ardoin‐Bardin, S. & Thivet, G. Current state of Mediterranean water resources and future trends under global changes. Hydrol. Sci. J., subm.


Global changes in the Mediterranean: h ill ’ b lik ?what will tomorrow’s water resources be like?

Field approach : example of the Merguellil catchment in central Tunisia

Christian LEDUC& Sylvain MASSUEL y

IRD, UMR G‐EAU, Montpellier (France)

[email protected]

Scientific and social context of the Merguellil catchmentMerguellil catchment

A region of central Tunisia typical of the MediterraneanA region of central Tunisia typical of the Mediterraneanenvironment

physical (semi‐arid highly variable)physical (semi arid, highly variable)

social (poor, rural, submitted to rapid changes in agriculture)

with clear contrasts betweenupstream and downstreamupst ea a d do st ea

Tunis

Merguellil

Scientific and social context of the Merguellil catchmentMerguellil catchment

A region of central Tunisia typical of the A region of central Tunisia typical of the

Mediterranean environment

h l ( h hl bl )physical (semi‐arid, highly variable)

social (poor, rural, submitted to rapid changes in agriculture)

with many previous researchy pprojects (bilateral, European, international) and academic

( )works (MoS, PhD)

A long series of major water issues

Changes in availability of water resources

( )climate variability, and change (temperature, rainfall??)

land use, land cover

large and small conservation works (dams, terraces,etc.)

Changes in water demand and water usesChanges in water demand and water uses

abandonment of traditional technics, and social rules

new distribution of population

export of drinking water to the coast

rapid increase in irrigated areas

li i d f f llimited enforcement of laws

Changes in surface runoff1. Increase of Soil+Water conservation works

2. Increase in pumping from the upstreamaquifers for drinking water

1+2 = significant decrease1+2 = significant decreasein the river discharge upstream

Changes in groundwater recharge

The construction of the El Haouareb big dam in 1989 completelychanged the groundwater recharge in the Kairouan plain

• in processes (location, time)• in fluxes (evaporation loss in the dam)

After 1989Before 1989

Changes in water demand for agricultureagriculture

Expansion of irrigated areas in public Expansion of irrigated areas in public and private domains

Changes in irrigation techniques fromtraditional techniques to drip irrigation, supposed to save water

Changes in crops from cereals and olive Changes in crops from cereals and olive trees to tomato, melon, etc., more water demanding with more benefitg f

Direct impact on groundwaterresources in the Kairouan plainresources in the Kairouan plain

About 10,000 wells in the Kairouan plain (x10 since 1990)

5

10

15/6/68

15/5/68

20

15

rofo

ndeu

r (m

)

The water table decrease (0.5 to 1 m/yr) shows a not sustainablegroundwater overexploitation

30

25

PStepanoff (1935)E / E Bis (2.57 Km)P1 Bir Zaddam (2.71 Km)

26/3/0115/3/02

18/4/06

groundwater overexploitation.

There is no enforcement of

5/18/27 1/24/41 10/3/54 6/11/68 2/18/82 10/28/95 7/6/09Date

35

P1 Bir Zaddam (2.71 Km)Puit à secForage P1 Bir Zaddam 14/12/06

There is no enforcement of the law.

Which future for agriculture?

Solutions must come from agriculture, that represents the mostf g , pimportant water consumption

But adaptation, interests and investments depend on many criteria: the size of farms,

( )the status (owners, renters),

the crops (trees vs annual, speculative)

th li iti g f t ( il t k )the limiting factors (soil, water, work power)

The scientific tools (technics, economy, ...) grasp only a limited part of The scientific tools (technics, economy, ...) grasp only a limited part of the multiple interacting processes. e.g. drip irrigation did not save water

Which water management?

A new water management should consider manyA new water management should consider manyconstraints:

Technical solutions are not sufficientTechnical solutions are not sufficient

Equilibrium between social equity and economic efficiency

This should lead to the definition of a new water governanceg

Shared responsibility for the use of a common good (especiallyin a large region)

Clearer role of authorities (Min. of Agriculture)

Acceptance of new rules

Towards a rationalised management of M dit th tMediterranean anthropo‐ecosystems

A collaborative international research project: A collaborative international research project:

SICMED

Marc VOLTZChristian LEDUC,

Jean Claude MENAUT, Maxime THIBON

Societal issues

Continuous population growth• 454 Mhab in 2005 and 520 Mhab predicted in 2020454 Mhab in 2005 and 520 Mhab predicted in 2020• Growth essentially in southMediterranean countries

Strong urbanization and population growth on the coasts• 64% en 2008 et 68% en 2020

Rural areas remain with large population densities• But decrease in north Mediterranean and growth in south mediterraneanut dec ease o t ed te a ea a d g o t sout ed te a ea

Scarcity in available water resources• Mediterranean zone has more than 50% of world population poor in water

fli f• Many conflicts of water use

Soil ressources largely exploitedDeficit in agricultural production (mostly in south Mediterranean): f g p ( y )

• Ex: 22% of cerals imported by 7% of world population

St g b d l hi h l d t Strong pressures on urban and rural areas which lead to main conflicts about the use of natural ressources

Environmental Issues

Hot spot of climate change ( T°, Rainfall)

Rarefaction of water ressources already limited

Soil degradationerosion salinisation artificialization compaction loss in carbon contenterosion, salinisation, artificialization, compaction, loss in carbon content

Soil and water contamination(nitrates, xenobiotics, trace metals,..)

Deforestation

Loss in biodiversity and landscape diversity

Management issues ofMediterranean eco‐anthropo‐systemsMediterranean eco‐anthropo‐systems

AgricultureAgricultureEnsuring food security

Improving water productivity and drought tolerance in cropping systems

Improving irrigation technology and methods

Water ressourcesImproving water harvesting techniquesImproving water harvesting techniques

Sharing ressources between users

TerritorialMaintaining rural settlement and limiting migration towards urban areas

Preserving typical Mediterranean landscapes (tourism and life space)

EnvironmentalEnvironmentalPreserving biodiversity

Restoring or maintaining quality of soil and water ressources

Regulating biogeochemical cycles (carbone especially)

Ambitions for Sicmed

To develop systemic approaches of Mediterraneananthropo‐ecosystemsanthropo ecosystems

linking biophysics and socio‐economicsintegrating simultaneous interactions g gof multiple drivers

T t lti l t l ll b ti To promote multi‐lateral collaboration between researchers in Mediterraneancountries and beyondcountries and beyond

To define innovative solutions fhelping to the Mediterraneansustainable development

Scientific objectives

Studying Mediterranean anthropo‐ecosystemb h i d l ibehaviour and evolution

under climatic and human constraints

Hydrological and biogeochemical fluxes

socio‐economic and territorial dynamics

biophysicalprocesses

Biotechnic drivers

Developping tools and methodologies for managing

natural ressources and

Seeking innovative management strategies for

Mediterranean eco‐ natural ressources and landscapes

Mediterranean ecoanthropo‐systems

No unique Mediterraneananthropo‐ecosystem but manyanthropo ecosystem, but many

Example in South of FranceScrubland

mountains

ill

Hills and calcareous Plateaus

LeptosolForests

Hills over sedimentarymaterial Calcisol Fruit trees

River Alluvia Marketgardening

LuvisolCoastal plains and deltas VineyardsCamargue

Fluvisol

SolontchaksWebsite « sols et paysages du Languedoc Roussillon »http://www.umr‐lisah.fr/Paysages

A crossedlanalysis

Scientific domains

• Functioning + managt of g gplant canopies• Hydrological cycle and water resources managt

Bi h i l l il• Biogeochemical cycles + soiland water quality• Resources assessment atregional scale

Representative socio‐environmental systems

g• Farming systems• Socio‐economical processesand territorial approaches

I t g t d d lli g f Rainfed agriculture Irrigated agriculture Grazing land Peri‐urban areasDesert transition areas Coastal areasForests and nat ral ecos stems

• Integrated modelling of ecosystems

Forests and natural ecosystemsSingular environments (e.g. mines)

A collaborative program drawing on j t d it d ‐ 5 major study sites and

‐ 6 specific thematic networksp fin 9 Mediterranean countries

Major siteswith integratedinterdisciplinary studies

T Heraultinterdisciplinary studies

Thematict k

CrauT

networks•Groundwater recharge•Soil‐vegetation‐

LebnaT

atmosphere fluxes•Coastal aquifers•Soil erosion

TensiftMerguelil

•Forest écology•Mining activities

A collaborative program built in cooperation withcooperation with

Partners from all sides of the Mediterranean (Algeria, France, Italy, Lebanon, Morocco, Spain, Tunisia…)

The support of French research institutes : CNRS ‐Insu, INRA, IRD and IRSTEAand IRSTEA

In close relation with the German Tereno‐MED initiativeIn close relation with the German Tereno‐MED initiative

SICMED is part of the MISTRALS decennial programmeSICMED is part of the MISTRALS decennial programme

More informationInfo@sicmed net / www sicmed [email protected] / www.sicmed.net

MERCI / THANK YOU

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