science clinic notes

7/31/2019 Science Clinic Notes

1/18

UPSRUPSRUPSRUPSR SCIENCESCIENCESCIENCESCIENCE CLINICCLINICCLINICCLINIC NOTESNOTESNOTESNOTES

After attending this KLINIK UPSR 2009 (Fasa 1), the participants would be able to:

1 Prepaire themselves with the latest and best technics and strategy of learningscience.2 Identify the exact format and types of science questions.3 Learn and understand science process skills thoroughly.4 Apply Critical and Creative Thingking Skills (CCTS) while answering question.5 Realise that science can be learedn step by step for easy understanding.6 Connecting the learning of science through simple experiments.7 To prepare oneself to achieve maximum marks using KLINIK UPSR (Fasa 2) as a

guide.

A. IDENTIFIYING OF SCIENCE UPSR PAPER

SECTION TYPE OFQUESTIONS NUMBER OFQUESTIONS TOTALMARKSPERCENTAGE(%)

A

Objective:1. Multiple choice

questions2. Multiple

combinationquestions

30 30 60 %

B Subjective: 4 5 20 40 %

TOTAL 50 100

The UPSR Science Questions - Analysis (2004 2008)

Theme 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008Living things 7 8 9 6 8Force and Energy 9 5 9 7 6Materials 5 9 6 9 6The Earth and TheUniverse 6 3 2 5 5

Technology 3 5 4 3 5Total 30 30 30 30 30

Section a Science Questions - Analysis (2004-2008)

Type of Questions 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008Facts 2 2 4 4 5Terminology 2 1 2 2 2Sequencing 2 3 2 3 2Method 3 - 2 2 -Classification 2 2 2 1 2


2/18

Principle / Concept 4 7 3 2 1Translation 4 - 2 3 1Interpretation 2 5 5 5 5Prediction 5 4 2 5 4Application 4 6 6 3 8Total 30 30 30 30 30

Distribution of Marks for UPSR Science PaperSection B Science Process Skills (2004 2008)

Science Process Skills 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008Inferencess 4 5 4 4 2Variable 4 4 2 6 6Hypothesis 1 1 4 3 3To Predict 3 4 2 2 3Analysis Data 8 6 8 5 6Application - - - -Total 20 20 20 20 20

B. EXAMPLES CCTS QUESTIONS

Section A

1) Classification(Creative Thinking Skills)

Diagram 1 shows three types of animals.Rajah 1 menunjukkan tiga jenis haiwan.

J K L M

Diagram 1Rajah 1

What is the breathing organ for these animals?Apakah organ pernafasan bagi haiwan-haiwan ini?

J K L MA Moist skinKulit lembap

GillsInsang

Trachea systemSistem trakea

GillsInsang

BTrachea system

Sistem trakea Lungs

Peparu Moist skin

Kulit lembap

Lungs and moistskin

Peparu dan kulit lembap

C Trachea systemSistem trakea

Moist skinKulit lembap

Lung booksPeparu buku

LungsPeparu

D Trachea system Lungs Moist skin Lungs and moist


3/18

Sistem trakea Peparu Kulit lembap skinPeparu dan Kulit

lembap

2) Make Sequences:(Critical Thinking Skills)

The following are a few planets.Berikut adalah beberapa planet.

Which of the following shows the arrangement in descending order, for the period ofrevolution of the planets around the Sun?Antara yang berikut, yang manakah susunan mengikut tertib menurun , bagi tempoh pusingan planet mengelilingi Matahari?

A P R Q SB S Q R PC S R P QD Q P R S

3) Prediction:(Creative Thinking Skills)

Time / minutesMasa / minit 0 5 10 15 20 25

Temperature / C

Suhu / C 27 42 57 72 87 ?

Table 1Jadual 1

Table 1 shows the temperature against time for heating of water. Would thetemperature be at 25 minutes?Jadual 1 menunjukkan suhu mengikut masa semasa pemanasan air. Apakah suhu pada minit ke-25?

A 92 CB 97 CC 100 CD 102 C

Section B:

1) Making Conclusion(Critical Thinking Skills)

P Mars Q Mercury R Saturn S Neptune Marikh Musytari Zuhal Neptune


4/18

When four tissue papers are moisted, their total weight is 200g. The tissue papersare put to dry and their weights are recorded every hour. The result of theinvestigation is recorded in the Table 2.Apabila empat helai kertas tisu dilembapkan, jumlah beratnya ialah 200g. Kertas tisu itu dibiarkan kering dan beratnya dicatatkan pada setiap jam. Keputusan penyiasatan itu dicatatkan dalam Jadual 2.

Table 2

Jadual 2 Questions:Soalan:

State one conclusion from this experiment.Nyatakan satu kesimpulan daripada penyiasatan ini.

___________________________________________________________________ [1mark]

[1 markah ]2 Making Inference:

(Creative Thinking Skills)

Remaining numberof animal XBilangan haiwan X Yang tinggal

10080604020

0Jan Feb Mac Apr May Month

Bulan

Diagram 2Rajah 2

Diagram 2 shows a graph about the remaining number of animal X for five months.Jadual 2 menunjukkan sebuah graf tentang bilangan haiwan X yang tinggal untuk lima bulan.Question:

TimeMasa

Total weight of eight tissue papers / gJumlah berat lapan kertas tisu / g

1 hour1 jam 170

2 hours2 jam 150

3 hours3 jam 125

4 hours4 jam 100


5/18

State one inference about the number of animal X from January to May based on theinformation in the diagram.Nyatakan satu inferens tentang bilangan haiwan X dari bulan Januari ke Mei berdasarkan maklumat dalam rajah.

___________________________________________________________________ [1mark]

[1 markah ]

3 Tabulating Data:(Creative Thinking Skills)

Diagram 3 shows object P, Q and R are of the same size, shape, and material. P, Qand R were blown with equal strength. It was found R toppled fisrt, followed by Q andP.Rajah 3 menunjukkan object P, Q dan R yang mempunyai saiz, bentuk dan bahan yang sama. P, Q dan R ditiup dengan kuatan yang sama. R didapati tumbang dahulu, diikuti Q dan P.

P Q R

Diagram 3Rajah 3

What is the relationship between manipulatied variables (the things you changed)and responding variables (to measured)?Apakah hubungan antara perkara permboleh ubah dimanipulasi (yang diubah) dan pemboleh ubah bergerak balas (yang diperhati)?

___________________________________________________________________ [1mark]

[1 markah C. SCIENCE LEARNING STRATEGY

1. 3 Phases of Learning Science

How do I plan for a systematic andaffective way of learning science?

3 PHASESOF

LEARNINGSCIENCE

BEFORE

A WHILE

Prepare earlier forthe next topic

Pay attention Take down

notes Ask questions


6/18

2 Sequences for Experimentall Activities Observation

InferencesPredictionControlling variablesExperimentingCollecting DataTabulating DataMaking Conclusion

These skills will assess by the UPSR Science Practikal WorkAssessment (UPSR PEKA) UPSR PEKA is to enable the students to Master the Scientific Skills:

- Science Process Skills (20 marks)- Science Manipulative Skills (30 marks)

4 Techniques of Making Notes during Science Revision

Guide line and steps in making note:

Types of notes Examples1) Collecting

important point- Energy

AFTER Assessment Enrichment Reflection

Sources of energy:- The wind- The sun- Food- Water- Batteries- Fuels

Forms of Energy:- Light energy- Solar energy- Heat energy- Sound energy- Potential energy- Kinetic energy- Chemical energy

Com lete set of stationer Write down the topic

Read the specific notesIdentifiy keywords

Detect the main idea andconcept

Sim lif the main oints

Using symbols / colours todifferientiate main points

Rearrange the key words and their explanationaccording to your own choice of note


7/18

2) Mind / Conceptmap

3) Flow chart Pickling Process

Cut the fruit into pieces

Mix the fruit with salt

Wash and rinse the fruit

Put the fruit into concentrated sugar solution

Add some vinegar

Seal the bottle tightly

4) Diagram

The correct way to measure the temperature ofboiling water

Water takes the shape of its container

Basic Needs


8/18

5) TablePROPERTIES OF SOLIDS, LIQUIDS AND GASES

Properties Solid Liquid Gas

Has mass / / /

Has a fixed volume / / XOccupies space / / / Has a fixed shape / X XCan be compressed X X /

6) Summary note 1) Shapes of objects in Structures- Buildings are built on shapes such as cone, sphere,

cuboid, cube, cylinder and pyramid- Most buildings are built by combining several

shapes2) The strength of a structure depends on:

- the types of materials used- the size of the structure- the shape of the structure

7) Neumonic The nine planets in the SolarSystem with the nearest to the Sun

Mercury MyVenus VeryEarth ExcellenceMars MotherJ upiter J ustS aturn S erveUranus UsNeptune Nine P luto P izza

THE IMPORTANT TOPICS FOR UPSR SCIENCE(YEAR 4, 5 AND 6)

A INVESTIGATING LIVING THINGS

Complete the boxes and statements with their details.

1 Basic Needs

Humans Animals PlantsShelter Shelter SunlightFood Food WaterWater Water AirAir Air

Year 4

SAMBAL

BIRU

MERAHAsid

Alkali


9/18

2 Life Process

HumansBreathing The lungsExcreation andDefecation

The lungs, skin, kidneys

Response The skin, eyes, nose, ears, tongueReproduction Giving birthBad habits Smoking, taking drugs, drinking alcohol

AnimalsBreathing The lungs, moist skin, trachea system, gillsExcreation andDefecation

The lungs, kidneys, skin, gills

Reproduction Giving birth, laying eggsLife cycles Mosquito, frog, butterfly

PlantsResponse To sunlight, water, gravityReproduction By seeds, spores, suckers, stem cuttings, leaves

3 Protection

Animal Protect Themselves by:Hard scales Tortoise, pangolin, crocodile, snailBad smell Skunk, bed bugChange colour Chameleon, arctic foxStrong thorns Buffaloo, Goat, cowLong legs and strongmuscels

Horse, mouse deer,

Breaking off tail LizardMove in groups Wild bulls, wolvesProduce poison Cobra, bee, scorpionSharp spines Porcupine,

Danger and theirenemies

Pretend to be dead Beetle, millipedeCurl up body Milipede, pangolinHide in shell Snail, garden snailThick fur Bear

Extreme weathercondition

(polar region)Thick fat Seal, penguinMigrate Flamongo, swallow, swanExtreme weather

condition(desert habitat)

Hibernate Bear, mouse

Wallowing Buffaloo, hippopotamusHump Camel

Plants Protect ThemselvesThick and hard bark Coconut tree, shorea treeFine hairs Pumpkin plant, bambooProduce latex Papaya tree, rubber tree, jackfruitThorns Cactus, durian, pineapple, mimosa

Danger and theirenemies

Produce poison Mushroom, yam plantExtreme weather Drop leaves Rubber tree, bougainvilla


10/18

Hairy leaves Watermelon plant, pumpkin plantWaxy leaves Pandan leaves, banana tree, hibiscus

condition(hot and dry

regeion) Curls up leaves Banana tree, lallang, maize plantDivided leaves Coconut tree, nipah treeCan swayNeedle-like leaves Casuarina, pines, conifers

Extreme weathercondition

(strong wind)Buttress roots Flame of the forest, mangrove plant

4 Microorganisms:- Microorganisms are classified as living things because they carry out life

processs such as breathing, growth and movement .- 4 main types of microorganisms.

Match the microorganisms with their details.

Microorganisms Shape

Bacteria

Viruses

Fungi

Protozoa

- Useful Microorganisms : Making tapai, bread, tempe, fertilisers

- Harmful Microorganisms : Cause illnesses, food poisoning, food to turn bad, toothdecay

5 Survival of Species

Survival of AnimalsBy keeping in the mouth Crocodile, guppiesBy carrying their young Kangaroo, scorpionBy staying in herds Buffaloo, elephants, buffalo

By laying slimy eggs Frog,By attacking their enemies Hen, tiger, cat

Protectingthe eggsor young

By feeding their young BirdSurvival of Plants

PlantsBy the wind Lallang, shorea, angsana, cottonBy water Coconut, nipah, lotus, pong-pongBy animals Rambutan, mango, durian, cillies, love grass

Dispersalof seeds

By explosive Sword bean, balsam, rubber, chesnut

Year 5


11/18

mechanism

6 Food Chains and Food Webs

Class or animals foodHerbivores Goat, cow, butterfly, grasshopper, mouse deer, caterpillar

Carnivores Tiger, lion, mosquito, snake, eagle, frog, shark, wolf,Omnivores Bear, rat, chicken, duck, pig

7 Interaction among Living Things

For safety and foodGroup animals Ex : Lion, champanzie, buffalo, zebra, ants, bees, elephants To avoid competition for food and spaceSolitary animalsEx : Eagle, pangolin, snake,

Competition:- Among animals for : Space, foods, mate

- Among plants for: Sunlight, water, space

Protecting Endangered Species:

Animals that are extinct Ex : Dodo, dinasour, Tasmanian tiger, mammothEndangered animals Ex : Pangolin, tiger, hornbill, rhino, tapirEndangered plants Ex : mangrove, rafflesia, pitcher planFactors Human activities : Illegal or excessive logging, hunting,

developmentWays to prevent Campaign, educating the public, re-plant, enforcing law

B INVESTIGATING FORCE AND ENERGY


1 Measurements:

Tools Ruler, measuring tapeLengthUnits mm, cm, m, kmFormula Length x widthArea Units mm, cm, kmCube, cuboid Length x width x heightLiquid By beakers, measuringVolumeUnits mm, cm, m l , l Tools Lever balance, electronic valanceMass Units mg, g, kg

Time Tools Clock, stopwatch

Year 4

Year 6


12/18


13/18

FrictionEffects - Make the surface warm, makes a moving object slow down

and stopFactors - Depends on the condition of surfaces and on the weight of an

objectAdvantages - Ex: Allow us to walk or run without slipping, vehicles to travel

on the road safely and enables us to hold things.Disadvantages- causes surfaces which are touching each other to wear out.Ways to reduce- Using rollers, ball bearings and using lubricants

6 Movement

- Speed shows how fast an object moves.- Objects that remain stationary do not have speed.- Formula: Speed = Distance

Time

C INVESTIGATING MATERIALS


1 Properties of Materials:

Conduct electricity Nail, screw, thumbtack, copper wireConduct heat Metal spoon, paper clip, nail, needleAbsorb water Towel, cloth, tissue paper, paperFloat on water Cork, straw, wooden ruler, boatElastic Spring, rubber bandTransparent Glass, plain water, lensTranslucent Ice cube, tracing paper,Opaque Umbrella, roof wood,

Natural materils: Wood, metal , leather, soil, cotton, fur, rubber, silk, coal, clay

Man-made materials: Nylon, plastic, glass, synthetic rubber, synthetic cloth

2 Rusting of Materials:

Rusty objects Iron rod, Iron nail, drink can, zinc roof, needle

Non-rusty objects Gold-ring, pencil, clay, glass, sink, plasticFactors which cause rusting Reaction of iron with oxygen and waterPaintingCoating with oil or greaseElectropatingWays to prevent rusting

Galvanizing

Year 4

Year 5


14/18

3 Heat

- The Sun is our main source of heat. The temperature of an object is ameasurement of its degree of hotness or coldness.

- Matter expands when heated and matter contract when cooled.

4 States of Matter

Properties Solid Liquid Gas

Has mass / / / Has a fixed volume / / XOccupies space / / / Has a fixed shape / X XCan be compressed X X /

ExamplesMarble, chalk,

wooden block, icecube

Shampoo, glue,tomato sauce,water, oil, milk

Oxygen, nitrogen,hydrogen, air

Change of state of waterMelting Solid liquidBoiling Liquid gasEvaporation Liquid gas

Water vapor liquidFreezing Liquid solid

5 Acids and Alkalis

6 Food Preservation

- Food preservation is important because it makes food last longer and its kills

bacteria and fungi.- Bacteria and fungi can easily grow in damp and warm conditions.- We can preserve food by killing the bacteria and fungi.

Preservation process ExamplesDrying Fish, prawns, cuttlefish, fruitsBoilingCooling Vegetables, fruits, eggs, cakeVacuum packing Nuts, crackers, powdered mikPickling Fruits, vegetables, chillies

Blue litmuspaper

Red litmuspaper Taste

Examples

AcidicTurn to red Unchanged Sour

Fizzy drink, vinegar,grapes, orange

AlkalineUnchanged Turn toblue Bitter

Detergent, shampoo,baking powder,

toothpasteNeutral Unchanged Unchanged Tasteless,sweet, salty

Sugar cane, commonsalt, mineral water, rice

Year 6


15/18

Freezing Chicken, meat, prawns, cuttlefishCanning Meat, curry, red beansPasteuring Ice cream, juices, milk

7 Waste management

Ways of Disposing WasteProper Improper

Reuse or recycle LitteringBury waste that can decay in soil Open burningDispose of waste in the right place Release of waste into the riversTreat waste before disposing of into the darin Release of smoke into waste

D INVESTIGATING THE EARTH AND UNIVERSE


1 The Earth and the Universe:

Match the objects for their details.

The Sun Rock or metal that orbit around the SunPlanets A star in the centre of the Solar System

Natural satellites Rock and metal which lie between the orbits ofMars and Jupiter

Comets Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn,Uranus, Neptune, Pluto

Meteors Ice and dust that orbit around the SunAsteroids The moon around the planets

2 Day and night

- The Earth rotates on its own axis from west to east.- Its cause the day and night to the Earth.- The earth also moving around the Sun

3 Constellations- A group of stars which form a certain shapes.

- Four main types of constellations are:_ big dipper, orion, southern cross, scorpio

4 Phases of Moon

New Moon New crescent New half-Moon New gibbous Full Moon Oldgibbous Old half-Moon Old crescent

5 Eclipse

Year 4

Year 5

Year 6


16/18

Eclipse of the Sun Eclipse of the Moon

- Caused by the Moon revolving around the Earth. The Earth and Moon alsorevolve around the Sun.

- Also occurs because light travels in straight lines and light cannot passthrough an opaque object.

E INVESTIGATING TECHNOLOGY


1 Technology around us

Devices and Inventions ExamplesCommunication devices Telephone, satellite, cell phone, internetKitchen appliances Rice cooker, oven, electric kettle,Electronic games and toys Robot, control car, computer gameBuilding and structures Penang bridge, KLCC tower, condominiumDevices for performing calculations Calculator, computer,

2 Development of technology

Field of Example

Communication Smoke signal beating drum carrier pigeion telegraphtelephone cell phone teleconferencing

Land transportation Walk riding animal bullock steam poer car petrolcarWater transportation Tree trunk canoe raft sailing ship cruise

Air transportation Hot air balloon airship glider aeropleneAgriculture Sticks & animal bones hoe & rake plough tractorBuildings Cave hut wooden house concrete house

condominiumBridges Tree trunk wooden bridge concrete bridge concrete

& steel bridge

3 Strength and Stability

- Shapes of Objects

Year 4

Year 5


17/18

Pyramid hemisphere cylinder cube cuboid sphere cone

- The strength of an object depends on the types of material, the shape of theobject and how the object is placed

- The srability of an object depends on base area and the height of an object

4 Machines

Simple Machines ExamplesLever Bottle opener, claw hammer, see-saw, pliers, scissors Pulley Raising or lowering a flag , lifting a heavy object Wedge Axe, knife, saw, ice pick, needle, arrow Screw Drill bit, spanner, tap Gear In bicycle, in a watch Incline plane The staircase,Wheel and axle Car spanner, screw driver, pencil sharpener

- A tool with more than one simple machine is called a __________________

SCIENCE TERMINOLOGIES

Excreation is the process by which waste materials are dischgarged from thehuman body (Upsr 2003, 2004)

Defecation is the process in which faeces is removed from the human bodyReproduction is a process to produce offspringDrugs are substances that can affect the functions of humans bodyAlcohol is a substance used to make alcoholic drinksArea is the size of surface (Upsr 2004) Length is the distance between two pointsVolume is the amount of space taken up by the object (Upsr 2007) Mass is the amount of matter in an objectTime is the period between two momentsNatural Material- object originated from plant, animal and trock (Upsr 2007)Man-made Material object are obtained through chemical processes (Upsr 2001) Conductor is a material that conducts electricity or heatInsulator is a material that does not conduct electricity or heatTransparent - materials that allow most of the light to pass through them (Upsr 2001,

2005)Translucent - materials that scatter light and allow some light to pass through themOpaque - materials that do not allow any light to pass through themReusing - use waste materials again for purposes other than its original useRecycling - process waste materials to produce new ojectsNatural Satellites- are the natural objects which orbit around planetsAsteroids - are small pieces of rocks mixed with metals orbiting the SunComets - are small pieces of ice and dust that orbit round the SunMeteoroids - are small pieces of rock or metal floating in outer spaceMeterors - are meteroroids which enter the Earths atmosphereTechnology - the use of scientific knowledge in practical ways to design devices and

machines.

Year 6

Year 4


18/18

Bacteria - are a major group of living microorganismsViruses - are the tiniest of the microorganismsProtozoa - are the biggest microorganismsSurvival of species - the ability of a species to survive in this world (Upsr 2000)Dispersal - means scattering or distributing the seeds to other places for

GerminationCarnivore - animal only eat other animalsHerbivore - animal only eat plants (Upsr 2008)Omnivore - the animals eat bothh other animals and plantsFood chain - a relationship between living thingsFood Webs - a relationship between all the living things in a habitatRenewable energy- energy that can be replenished when used up (Upsr 2008)Non-renewable energy - that energy cant be replenished when used upSeries Circuits - is a circuit in which the bulbs are arranged one after another in the

same pathParallel Circuits- is a curcuit in which the bulbs are arranged in two or more branches

Melting - is the process when a solid changes to a liquidCondensation - is the process when a water vapour changes to waterEvaporation - is the process when a liquid changes to gasConstellations - the arrangements of a group of stars with certain shapes or

imagesPhases of the Moon- are the different shapes of the Moon that can be seen from the Earth

Competition - occurs when two or more living things have the same needs that arelimited

Preservation to maintain the condition of habitats so that living things can livenaturally (Upsr 2006)

Conservation - to care for something by improving it towards its original state to avoidextinctionExtinction - occurs when all the animals or plants of that species dieEndangered - animals or plants are facing the threat of becoming extinctFriction - is a force that opposes the movement of an objectFood preservation- makes food last longer by delaying it from becoming badMachines - are tools that help us to do most of our workSimple machines- is a device that allows us to use less force to make it easier and faster

for usComplex machines- is a tool with more than one simple machine to work

Year 5

Year 6

science clinic notes

Documents