Science AHSGE

Standard VI-1, part 3- Adaptations

Forerunner of Evolution Jean-Baptiste Lamarck- Theory of

“Inheritance of Acquired Traits” Believed organisms changed behavior as a result

of an environmental change As a result, physical changes followed with time

which could then be inherited Incorrect, but on the right track!

Evolution Changes in an organism over time known to occur due to

fossils Adaptation- Evolution of a structural, internal or behavioral

feature to better suit the organism for survival Results from a change in the environment

Theory of Natural Selection Survival of the fittest- organisms with the best genes survive and

pass them on Causes a change in the gene pool Unfit genes die out or are bred out

Evolution Divergent Evolution-

Development of more than one species from a common ancestor Ex: All dog breeds have

been selectively bred from the wolf

Convergent Evolution- Development of a common characteristic by more than one unrelated species due to living in similar environments Ex: Arctic mammals

all have white winter coats

Structural Adaptations Mimicry- Copying of the appearance of other

organisms for protection or other advantages Protective resemblance- Normally resembles plant structures

Camouflage- Body color blends in with surroundings

Spots and stripes break up body pattern

Warning Coloration- Bright coloration to warn of danger

Mechanical Defenses- Physical covering that allows for defending from predators or to aid in predation

Ex: Claws, sharp teeth, quills, shells, etc.

Structural Adaptations

Protective Resemblance

Mimicry/Warning Coloration

Camouflage

Adaptations Charles Darwin

Father of evolution Developed theory of natural selection Traveled on the H.M.S. Beagle to the

Galapogos Islands Studied finches and beak size and shape Beaks of birds are adaptations for food type

Bird Beak Adaptations

Bird Feet Adaptations

Bird Wing Adaptations

Penguin wing adapted for swimming

Behavioral Adaptations Migration- Movement of an animal from

one place to another Common in birds and grazing mammals Brought on by climate change

Hibernation- Period of dormancy during certain time-periods Common in reptiles and mammals of cold

climates Brought on by climate change

Behavioral Adaptations

Behavioral Adaptations

Internal Adaptations Chemical defenses

Development of mucus glands- secrete mucus for protection

Toxin/Venom development