science 9: unit b – matter and change topic 2: changes in matter
TRANSCRIPT
Science 9: Unit B – Matter and Change
Topic 2: Changes in matter
Physical Changes• Any change in matter is classified into
one of two groups:1. Physical Change – The matter changes
its form, shape, and volume, but not its chemical make-up. When water freezes into ice, the chemical composition of the ice is still H2O. Other examples include mixing substances together to form a mixture: No new chemical is created in this case, just mixed together.
Chemical Changes2. Chemical Change – The chemical make-up of
a substance is changed so that a new substance is created. These kinds of changes are pretty much irreversible. A common example of a chemical change is burning wood or paper.
- Signs that a chemical change has occurred include: heat is produced or is absorbed (takes in heat from surroundings), color change, a salt/precipitate forms in a liquid, a material with different properties is produced. For the full list of signs of a chemical change see: p. 102.
Chemical and Physical Properties
• Any material can be described by various properties. Again, these properties are broken up into the two same properties:
Physical Properties
• These are properties of a substance that you can describe without having to chemically react it with another substance. Examples of physical properties include the following:
Physical Properties Cont’d
• Phase at Room Temperature: Is the substance a solid, liquid or gas at 25C?
• Melting Point: At what temperature does the substance turn from a solid to a liquid?
• Boiling Point: At what temperature does the substance turn from a liquid to a gas?
• Solubility: How well does the substance dissolve in water?
• Conductivity: How well does the substance conduct electricity?
• Density: How much does the 1 ml of the substance weigh?
Chemical Properties
These properties involve how a substance reacts with another substance in a chemical reaction. For example: Wood turning black and brittle as it is being burned; hydrogen exploding when it’s ignited.
Qualitative and Quantitative Observations
• Qualitative Observations – observations that have nothing to do with numbers, but more to do with describing words. Describing color, texture, smell of a substance. Basically any observation made with any of your five senses (except taste of course).
• Quantitative Observations – Any observation where you have to write down a number or make a measurement. Usually has to do with the weight or volume of a substance.