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School Wide Positive Behavior Support Overview & Team Process Chris Borgmeier, PhD Portland State University cborgmei@pdx.edu www.web.pdx.edu/~cborgmei Slide 2 Challenge Schools are facing an increasingly diverse and challenging population of students with fewer financial resources How to enhance schools capacity to respond effectively, efficiently, & relevantly to range of problem behaviors observed in schools. Work Smarter Slide 3 Goals of this Training Series Develop and/or strengthen existing School-wide PBS systems at school sites Develop a district framework/support for ongoing support of PBS systems at school sites Provide a clearer understanding of how to maximize PBS implementation efforts across all 3 levels of the triangle Slide 4 Positive Behavior Support PBS is a broad range of systemic & individualized strategies for achieving important social & learning outcomes while preventing problem behavior with all students. Slide 5 Cost Benefit Analysis Reactive Discipline v. PBS Oregon Middle School Example 5100 referrals = 76,500 min. @ 15 min./referral = 1275 hrs. = 159 days @ 8 hrs/day almost an entire school year Principal was at work 16 hr./day and it didnt help Implemented PBS and referrals were reduced by over half in first year Slide 6 Positive Behavior Support Is based on decades of research from the fields of: Behavioral theory Effective Instruction Systems Change Slide 7 PBS is Not specific practice or curriculumits general approach to preventing problem behavior Not limited to any particular group of studentsits for all students Not newits based on long history of behavioral practices & effective instructional design & strategies Slide 8 Values of PBS & Mission for School PBS Teams 1) Improving school/student performance 2) Tying all efforts to the benefit of students 3) Never changing things that are working 4) Always making the smallest change that will have the biggest impact on students/school Slide 9 Primary Prevention: School/Classroom- Wide Systems for All Students, Staff, & Settings Secondary Prevention: Specialized Group Systems for Students with At-Risk Behavior Tertiary Prevention: FBA BSP for Students with High-Risk Behavior ~80% of Students ~15% ~5% CONTINUUM OF SCHOOL-WIDE POSITIVE BEHAVIOR SUPPORT Slide 10 Nonclassroom Setting Systems Classroom Setting Systems Individual Student Systems School-wide Systems School-wide Positive Behavior Support Systems Slide 11 Components of SW PBS 1. School-wide System SW-PBS Team School Rules Define & Teach: Expectations Routines Acknowledgment System Consequences & Decision Making Handbook 2. Classroom Support Training/ Support opportunities Individual Teacher Support 3. Individual Student System Targeted Group Interventions FBA/BSP Intensive Individualized Interventions Focus of Year 1 Slide 12 SYSTEMS PRACTICES DATA Supporting Staff Behavior Supporting Decision Making Supporting Student Behavior Positive Behavior Support OUTCOMES Social Competence & Academic Achievement Slide 13 Components of School Wide System Developing School Rules Defining & Teaching expectations across settings Defining & Teaching School-wide routines in common areas Acknowledgment system Consequences System & Decision Making Slide 14 School Culture v. PBS Shell Developed materials Posters on wall Handbook Is there staff participation and buy-in 80% + participation by staff Do staff & students know rules? Is the acknowledgment system reaching all students? Is a leadership team focused on School-wide PBS programs meeting regularly to maintain the strength of SW-PBS systems? Slide 15 School Culture v. District Culture District level -- PBS Leadership Team Sustainability Support for schools through changes in school PBS team leaders, staff, and administrators Ongoing support to schools from district organization Slide 16 Team Process PBS is active, alive -- not static Its not something weve done its something were doing Requires regular team meetings with a team that represents ALL school staff Team keeps PBS alive through ongoing planning, support, and decision making to address needs as they arise Looking at data & maintaining & developing programs to meet needs Slide 17 Agreements Team Data-based Action Plan ImplementationEvaluation SW - PBS GENERAL IMPLEMENTATION PROCESS Staff Feedback Slide 18 Identifying SW-PBS Team members Team should be representative of all staff Across grades, departments, houses in school (if multiple houses), classified staff, etc. Allows for all persons in school to have a voice or receive updates Encourage teams to have a team leader who is not the building administrator Slide 19 Behavioral Capacity Priority & Status Data-based Decision Making Communications Administrator Team Administrator Specialized Support Student Community Non-Teaching Teaching Family Representation Slide 20 Responsibilities of Team Initially take the lead with development and implementation of SW PBS programs Seek feedback from staff throughout development After initial implementation Maintain SW PBS programs Monitor data and problem solve areas of concern Continued development of SW-PBS programs Secondary Prevention to support at-risk students (mid- triangle) Slide 21 What is the focus of your current PBS team? Characteristics of Team focused on School-wide system Focus on overall school climate Focus on maintenance and development of SW systems Efforts impact all/majority of students in school Efforts of team aimed at influencing practices of all building staff Look at School-wide data May ID individual students, but not focused on support planning Characteristics of Individual Student System Focus on individual students who pose significant behavioral concerns Work to develop plan for single student(s) Both teams are necessary, but the focus of each team is different & must be kept clear Slide 22 Fostering Buy-in & Support Make PBS visible thru frequent updates and communication w/ staff Build a PBS minute into all staff meetings Post progress on PBS programs & data on a PBS Bulletin Board in the staff room No surprises, process is important Seek feedback from all staff Before finalizing decisions, get feedback from staff Make sure ALL staff have access to using the program get the materials out Slide 23 Fostering Buy-in & Support Administrative support and participation is essential, but I encourage you to have team members present PBS updates, so it doesnt appear to be a top/down mandate Build in incentives for staff participation in the program Link w/ student incentives staff name drawn get prized parking spot for week Might start with focus on prominent area of concern among staff Maybe hallways in middle schools offer significant concern Slide 24 80% Rule Apply triangle to adult behavior! Regularly acknowledge staff behavior Individualized intervention for non- responders Slide 25 School-wide Rules: Creating a Culture Chris Borgmeier, PhD Portland State University cborgmei@pdx.educborgmei@pdx.edu (503) 725-5469 Slide 26 Guidelines for Developing School-wide Rules 3-5 Positively Stated Rules Rules should be: Broad enough to cover all potential behavior Stated positively Brief and easy to remember Catchy personalized to your school Common Examples Be Safe, Be Responsible, Be Respectful Slide 27 Why 3-5 Positively Stated Rules? They are easier to Learn & Remember Increased Generalization of Rules: Same rules can be used across staff & settings Slide 28 Publicly Post School Rules Make easily visible rules posters & post them in every room/area of the school Posters should be visible from nearly any location in the school Why Post the Rules? 1) Prompts staff & students to acknowledge positive, not only negative behavior 2) Increases accountability for staff and students to use language & follow rules 3) Signs can reduce personal focus of confrontation now point to the rules poster and site school rule being broken, no longer my rule youre breaking Slide 29 School Rules NO Food NO Weapons NO Backpacks NO Drugs/Smoking NO Bullying Redesign Learning & Teaching Environment Slide 30 Few positive SW expectations defined, taught, & encouraged Slide 31 Increasing Staff Buy-In Staff (& student) buy-in can be increased if staff feel they are active in the development of programs Give staff (& students) opportunities to provide feedback and generate ideas in the developments of programs, including: School Rules Poster design Give regular updates & opportunities for staff feedback at monthly staff meetings Slide 32 Defining Behavioral Expectations & Routines Slide 33 Plan Ahead (before school year & each day) Before we can teach, reinforce, and enforce anything in our classrooms, We must clearly define: fair behavioral expectations & effective behavioral routines To do this effectively, we must know: physical layout of the school # of students Daily school schedule (breaks, lunch, recess, etc.) Traffic patterns Slide 34 Defining Expectations Guided by school rules Outline expectations specific to each setting Seek input from staff, especially from those who work in specific settings Positively stated expectations Walk in the hallway v. No running Helps cue staff to recognize positive, not just negative behavior Focus on clear, specific behaviors Keep hands & feet to self v. Keep body under control Slide 35 Behavioral Expectation Grid Defining Expected Behavior across Settings School Rules SettingsBe SafeResponsibleRespectful Hallway Walk on the right side Allow others to pass Hold door open for person behind you Have a pass during class time Use quiet voices Keep hands & feet to self Playground Stay in boundaries No play fighting Be aware of people around you Put equipment away at break Include everyone Follow game rules Slide 36 Behavioral Expectation Grid Defining Expected Behavior across Classroom Routines School Rules Be SafeResponsibleRespectful Classroom Keep hands and feet to self, know emergency drills Be prepared and participate Listen quietly, follow teacher directives, respect others thoughts Routine Class entry Walk quietly into the room and find seat Take out materials for this class, put other stuff on floor under desk Talk with an appropriate volume and respectful tone Routine Group Instr. Chair legs on floor Keep hands, feet and objects to self Be prepared and ready to participate Raise your hand to speak & wait patiently; follow teacher directives Hallway Pass Walk, look out for opening doors, sign out and take pass Go directly to/from the location of your pass Talk in a hallway voice, keep hands and feet to self Slide 37 SETTING All SettingsHallwaysPlaygroundsCafeteria Library/ Computer Lab AssemblyBus Respect Ourselves Be on task. Give your best effort. Be prepared. Walk.Have a plan. Eat all your food. Select healthy foods. Study, read, compute. Sit in one spot. Watch for your stop. Respect Others Be kind. Hands/feet to self. Help/share with others. Use normal voice volume. Walk to right. Play safe. Include others. Share equipment. Practice good table manners Whisper. Return books. Listen/watch. Use appropriate applause. Use a quiet voice. Stay in your seat. Respect Property Recycle. Clean up after self. Pick up litter. Maintain physical space. Use equipment properly. Put litter in garbage can. Replace trays & utensils. Clean up eating area. Push in chairs. Treat books carefully. Pick up. Treat chairs appropriately. Wipe your feet. Sit appropriately. TEACHING MATRIX Expectations Slide 38 RAH at Adams City High School (Respect Achievement Honor) RAHClassroomHallway/ Commons CafeteriaBathrooms Respect Be on time; attend regularly; follow class rules Keep location neat, keep to the right, use appropriate lang., monitor noise level, allow others to pass Put trash in cans, push in your chair, be courteous to all staff and students Keep area clean, put trash in cans, be mindful of others personal space, flush toilet Achievement Do your best on all assignments and assessments, take notes, ask questions Keep track of your belongings, monitor time to get to class Check space before you leave, keep track of personal belongings Be a good example to other students, leave the room better than you found it Honor Do your own work; tell the truth Be considerate of yours and others personal space Keep your own place in line, maintain personal boundaries Report any graffiti or vandalism Slide 39 RAH Athletics RAHPracticeCompetitionsEligibilityLetteringTeam Travel Respect Listen to coaches directions; push yourself and encourage teammates to excel. Show positive sportsmanship; Solve problems in mature manner; Positive inter- actions with refs, umps, etc. Show up on time for every practice and competition. Show up on time for every practice and competition; Compete x%. Take care of your own possessions and litter; be where you are directed to be. Achievement Set example in the classroom and in the playing field as a true achiever. Set and reach for both individual and team goals; encourage your teammates. Earn passing grades; Attend school regularly; only excused absences Demonstrate academic excellence. Complete your assignments missed for team travel. Honor Demonstrate good sportsmanship and team spirit. Suit up in clean uniforms; Win with honor and integrity; Represent your school with good conduct. Show team pride in and out of the school. Stay out of trouble set a good example for others. Suit up for any competitions you are not playing. Show team honor. Cheer for teammates. Remember you are acting on behalf of the school at all times and demonstrate team honor/pride. Slide 40 E Ola Pono- to live the proper way School Behavioral Standards All SettingsWalkwaysPlayground Recess P.E. CafeteriaRestroomsArrival/ Dismissal AssemblyField Trips Kuleana Be Responsible Be on time Be prepared w/ necessary supplies Be accountable for choices Respond to/complete tasks Keep area clean & litter free Plan ahead Walk directly to destination Take care of equipment/facilities Plan appropriate times for drinks/ restroom visits Have lunch card ready Be orderly in all lines Flush Turn off water Use restroom at designated times Use facilities for intended purposes Have money/pass ready Be on time Listen attentively Keep hands and feet to yourself Turn in paperwork/$ on time Wear appropriate footwear/clothing Bring home lunch Hoihi Be Respectful Use appropriate voice Listen to/follow directions of staff Respect self, others property Be polite/use manners Express appreciation Accept/respect differences in people Use quiet voices when classes are in session Be a good sport Include others in your play Use proper table manners Eat your own food Observe privacy of others Use polite words and actions Listen to JPOs supervisors and bus driver Use quiet voice and polite words on bus Focus on program Sit quietly Clap at appropriate times Care for the field trip site Listen to speakers Laulima Be Cooperative Be helpful Participate with a positive attitude Be patient; share/ wait your turn Acknowledge others Play in designated areas only Keep movement flowing Share equipment and play space Follow rules/ procedures Wait patiently/ quietly Enter/exit vehicles in an orderly fashion Share bus seats Sit properly in designated area Enter/exit in an orderly fashion Remain seated unless asked to do otherwise Stay with your chaperone/group Malama Be Safe Immediately report dangerous situations Remain in designated areas Practice healthy behaviors/universal precautions Use appropriate footwear Follow safety rules in all areas Walk at all times Avoid rough, dangerous play Use equipment properly Walk at all times Wash hands Chew food well; dont rush Use designated restroom Walk Wait in designated area Remain seated when riding the bus Watch out for traffic Use crosswalk only Be careful when approaching or leaving the stage area Use the buddy system Follow school/bus rules King Kaumualii on Kauai Slide 41 Kuleana: Be Responsible Take care of equipment/facilities Plan appropriate times for drinks/restroom visits Hoihi: Be Respectful Be a good sport Laulima: Be Cooperative Follow rules/ procedures Malama: Be Safe Avoid rough, dangerous play Use equipment properly Playground / Recess / P.E. King Kaumualii on Kauai Slide 42 Kuleana: Be Responsible Have lunch card ready Be orderly in all lines Hoihi: Be Respectful Use proper table manners Eat your own food Laulima: Be Cooperative Wait patiently/ quietly Malama: Be Safe Walk at all times Wash hands Chew food well; dont rush Cafeteria King Kaumualii on Kauai Slide 43 Setting Fair & Reasonable Expectations By setting unreasonable expectations we set ourselves up to be inconsistent in enforcing expectations Inconsistency = reduced credibility If we believe expectations are unfair or unreasonable, we will not enforce them Lining up in hallway Be careful not to set yourself up with expectations you will not enforce Slide 44 Slide 45 Teaching Behavioral Expectations & Routines Slide 46 Basic Strategy for Establishing Behavioral Routines 1. Explain 2. Specify Student Behaviors 3. Model Desired Behavior 4. Lead - Student Practice each individual student should get an opportunity to practice the routine 5. Test/ Monitor 6. Follow-up -- reinforce & review regularly Slide 47 Teaching Behavioral Expectations & Routine Make lessons fun and engaging, just like any lesson should be Make instruction developmentally appropriate Lessons can be more challenging with older kids; may rely more on verbal explanation of rules, with practice as a response for not following rules & regular reinforcement for following rules Although, practice is always very valuable Choose skills to teach wisely Presentation & attitude are important Slide 48 Difference between Teaching & Nagging Nagging = repeatedly stating to a student what they are doing wrong Reactive response Teaching provides students with support to ensure they can perform the expected behavior, with the opportunity to practice & clear feedback (positive feedback or corrective feedback) Can be used proactively or reactively Slide 49 What great teachers do Have students physically practice the behavior in the setting Simply talking about the rules or describing them is not nearly as powerful as having the student practice and show you they can do it Teacher should demonstrate the wrong way Have students explain why this is the wrong way Students should practice the right way Slide 50 What great teachers do Learning takes frequent practice of doing it the right way, so we build in frequent opportunities to practice the right way to do it Students also need to know if they are doing it the right way or wrong way, so we Provide immediate feedback when students do it the right way great job of .., that was just like we practiced or provide corrective feedback if they do it wrong way and provide them more opportunities to do it the right way whoa, remember what we practiced, can you show me what weve been practicing? Slide 51 Teaching Expectations across Settings Slide 52 How will you teach expectations? Teach expectations in the identified setting (i.e. cafeteria, hallway, etc.) Have staff who are present in the settings participate/lead lessons (i.e. recess staff lead lesson) Schedule specific times for trainings to occur across settings Have principal & leadership team provide support across settings for teaching Slide 53 Advanced Teaching How will new students who move to your school be taught the lessons? How will new staff or substitute teachers be introduced to rules and expectations? How will review and booster sessions be handled? Slide 54 Do we need to tweak our action plan? How often? Who? What? Where? When? How much? If problem, Which students/staff? What system? What intervention? What outcome? + If many students are making same mistake, consider changing system.not students + Start by teaching, monitoring & rewardingbefore increasing punishment Slide 55 Expectations & behavioral skills are taught & recognized in natural context Slide 56 How will you teach expectations? Teach expectations in the identified setting (i.e. cafeteria, hallway, etc.) Have staff who are present in the settings participate/lead lessons (i.e. recess staff lead lesson) Schedule specific times for trainings to occur across settings Have principal & leadership team provide support across settings for teaching Slide 57 Advanced Teaching How will new students who move to your school be taught the lessons? How will new staff or substitute teachers be introduced to rules and expectations? How will review and booster sessions be handled? Slide 58 Traveling Passports Precorrecting new kids Procedures Meet with key adults Review expectations Go to class Slide 59 Skill Name Getting Help (How to ask for assistance for difficulty tasks) Teaching Examples 1. When you re working on a math problem that you can t figure out, raise your hand and wait until the teacher can help you. 2. You and a friend are working together on a science experiment but you are missing a piece of lab equipment, ask the teacher for the missing equipment. 3. You are reading a story but you don t know the meaning of most of the words, ask the teacher to read and explain the word. Kid Activity 1. Ask 2-3 students to give an example of a situation in which they needed help to complete a task, activity, or direction. 2. Ask students to indicate or show how they could get help. 3. Encourage and support appropriate discussion/responses. Minimize attention for inappropriate responses. After the Lesson (During the Day) 1. Just before giving students difficult or new task, direction, or activity, ask them to tell you how they could get help if they have difficulty (precorrection). 2. When you see students having difficulty with a task (e.g., off task, complaining), ask them to indicate that they need help (reminder). 3. Whenever a student gets help the correct way, provide specific praise to the student. Cool Tool Slide 60 Tasks for teams 1)Schedule site meetings 2)Decide on School Rules/ evaluate current rules 3)Complete Expectations grid/ evaluate current grid 4)Develop lesson plans across settings/ evaluate current lessons 5)Identify when and how lessons will be taught Good to model a lesson for staff 6)Schedule time at staff meeting to discuss SW PBS and programs in development Share & seek feedback from staff frequently