scheme of teaching & examination year.pdf · highway geometric design civil 04 -- 03 25 100 125 6...

CIVIL ENGINEERING FINAL YEAR COURSE DIARY

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SCHEME OF TEACHING & EXAMINATION

SEMESTER: VII

S. No.

Subject Code

Title of the Subject Teachi

ng Dept/.

Teaching Hrs/Week

Examination

Theory

Practical

Duration (Hr)

Marks

IA

Theory/

Practical

Total

1 06CV71 Environmental Engineering – II

Civil 04 -- 03 25 100 125

2 06CV72 Design of Steel Structures

Civil 04 -- 03 25 100 125

3 06CV73 Quantity Surveying and Estimation

Civil 04 -- 03 25 100 125

4 06CV74 Design of Pre Stressed Concrete Structures

Civil 04 -- 03 25 100 125

5 06CV755 Highway Geometric Design

Civil 04 -- 03 25 100 125

6 06CV764 Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing

Civil 04 -- 03 25 100 125

7 06CVL77 Environmental Engineering Lab

Civil -- 03 03 25 50 75

8 06CVL78 Concrete & Highway Materials Lab

Civil -- 03 03 25 50 75

TOTAL 24 06 24 200 700 900


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06CV71 – ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING - II


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ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING – II Subject Code : 06CV71 IA Marks : 25 No. of Lecture Hours/Week : 04 Exam Hours : 03 Total No. of Lecture Hours : 52 Exam Marks : 100

PART – A UNIT - 1 INTRODUCTION: Necessity for sanitation, methods of domestic waste water disposal, types of sewerage systems and their suitability. Dry weather flow, factors affecting dry weather flow, flow variations and their effects on design of sewerage system; computation of design flow, estimation of storm flow, rational method and empirical formulae of design of storm water drain. Time of concentration. 6 Hours UNIT - 2 DESIGN OF SEWERS: Hydraulic formulae for velocity, effects of flow variations on velocity, self cleaning and non-scouring velocities, Design of hydraulic elements for circular sewers flowing full and flowing partially full (No derivations). MATERIALS OF SEWERS: Sewer materials, shapes of sewers, laying of sewers, joints and testing of sewers, ventilation and cleaning of sewers. 6 Hours UNIT - 3 SEWER APPURTENANCES: Catch basins, manholes, flushing tanks, oil and grease traps, Drainage traps. Basic principles of house drainage. Typical layout plan showing house drainage connections, maintenance of house drainage. 6 Hours UNIT - 4 WASTE WATER CHARACTERIZATION: Sampling, significance, techniques and frequency. Physical, Chemical and Biological characteristics, Aerobic and Anaerobic activity, CNS cycles. BOD and COD. Their significance & problems 6 Hours

PART – B

UNIT - 5 DISPOSAL OF EFFLUENTS : Disposal of Effluents by dilution, self purification phenomenon. Oxygen sag curve, Zones of purification, Sewage farming, sewage sickness, Effluent Disposal standards for land, surface water & ocean. Numerical Problems on Disposal of Effluents. Streeter Phelps equation. 6 Hours UNIT - 6 TREATMENT OF WASTE WATER: Flow diagram of municipal wastewater treatment plant. Preliminary & Primary treatment: Screening, grit chambers, skimming tanks, primary sedimentation tanks – Design criteria & Design examples. 6 Hours


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UNIT - 7 SECONDARY TREATMENT: Suspended growth and fixed film bioprocess. Trickling filter – theory and operation, types and designs. Activated sludge process- Principle and flow diagram, Modifications of ASP, F/M ratio. Design of ASP. 8 Hours UNIT - 8 Anaerobic Sludge digestion, Sludge digestion tanks, Design of Sludge drying beds. Low cost waste treatment method. Septic tank, Oxidation Pond and Oxidation ditches – Design. Reuse and recycle of waste water. 8 Hours TEXT BOOKS: 1. Manual on Waste Water Treatment: CPHEEO, Ministry of Urban Development, New

Delhi. 2. Water and Wastewater Engineering Vol-II: - Fair, Geyer and Okun : John Willey

Publishers, New York. 3. Waste Water Treatment, Disposal and Reuse: Metcalf and Eddy inc: Tata McGraw Hill Publications. REFERENCE BOOKS: 1. Water Technology. - Hammer and Hammer 2. Environmental Engineering: Howard S. Peavy, Donald R. Rowe, George Tchnobanoglous

McGraw Hill International Edition.


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LESSON PLAN

Subject Name: Environmental Engineering - II Hours / Week: 05 Subject Code: 06CV71 Total Hours: 62

Period No

Topics to be covered

01 Introduction : Waste water disposal methods of sewage disposal,

02 Necessity for sanitation

03 Methods of sewage disposal,

04 Types of sewerage systems and their suitability.

05 Quantity Of Sewage: dry weather flow,

06 Factors affecting dry weather flow.

07 Flow variations and their effects on design of various components of sewage scheme

08 Computation of design flow,

09 Estimation of storm flow, Rational method

10 Empirical formula of design of storm water drain

11 Time of concentration

12 Design of sewers: Hydraulic formula used to determine velocity,

13 Effect of flow variation on velocity

14 Self-cleansing and non-scouring velocities.

15 Design of hydraulic elements of circular sewers flowing full

16 Design of hydraulic elements of circular sewers flowing partially full.

17 Problems on design of sewers

18 Materials Of Sewers: Materials of sewers,

19 Shape of sewers

20 Laying of sewers

21 Joining and testing of sewers,

22 Ventilation and cleaning of sewers

23 Sewer Appurtenances: Catch basin,

24 Manhole,

25 Flushing tanks

26 Oil and grease traps, Drainage traps

27 Basic principles of house drainage

28 Typical layout plan showing house drainage connection,

29 Maintenance of house drainage


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Period No. Topics to be covered

30 Sewage Pumping: Need

31 Types of pumps and pumping stations

32 Analysis of sewage, physical, chemical and biological characteristics.

33 Concepts of aerobic and anaerobic activity,

34 CNS cycles

35 More emphasis on BOD and COD.

36 Sampling significance, techniques and frequency

37 Disposal Of Effluents: Disposal of sewage effluents by dilution,

38 Dispersion method

39 Self purification phenomenon

40 Oxygen sag curve

41 Zones of purification

42 Sewage farming, sewage sickness

43 Disposal standards on land

44 Disposal standards on water and its suitability

45 Treatment Of waste water: Flow diagrams of municipal sewage treatment plant,

46 Preliminary and Primary treatment: screening

47 Grit chambers, Skimming tanks

48 Primary sedimentation tanks

49 Design of screens

50 Primary sedimentation tank designs

51 Design examples of primary treatment

52 Secondary treatment: suspended growth and fixed film bioprocess

53 Trickling filter- theory, parts and operation

54 Types of trickling filter, design of trickling filter

55 Activated sludge process- Principle and flow diagram

56 Modifications of ASP, F/M ratio

57 Design of ASP

58 Anaerobic sludge digestion, sludge digestion tanks

59 Design of sludge drying beds

60 Low cost waste treatment method, septic tank

61 Oxidation pond, oxidation ditch -design

62 Recycle and reuse of waste water


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QUESTION BANK 01 Explain combined system and separate system of sewerage giving their merits and

demerits

02 Define dry weather flow and explain its pattern of variation. Explain the factors on which DWF depends

03 Explain the following: i. Rational method of estimation of storm water flow ii. Design period as applicable to sewerage schemes iii. Self cleansing velocity in sewers

04 Design a circular sewer running half full to carry the sewage generated from a town with the following data

Population = 150000 Rate of water supply = 135 LPHD Peak flow factor = 2 Slope of the sewer = 1in400 ‘n’ value of the sewer = 0.013

Check the velocity developed

05 List the common sewer materials and discuss their merits and demerits

06 Explain with neat sketches the following: (i) Drop manhole (ii) Inverted siphon (iii) Flushing tank (iv) storm regulators

07 Explain the concept of BOD, and COD, giving their utility in the wastewater management. List their limitations.

08 Calculate the 5 day BOD and ultimate BOD of the sample of sewage using the following data obtained from a BOD test

DO of the original sample = 0.4mg/l DO of the dilution water = 3mg/l DO of the dilution sample = 0.4mg/l After 5 days of incubation Dilution ratio = 2%

Assume deoxygenating coefficient KD at test temp as 0.1

09 Explain aerobic and anaerobic process

10 Explain carbon and nitrogen cycle of decomposition of organic matter

11 Explain about population equivalent

12 Write a short note on sewage sickness

13 Write short note on self purification in natural water

14 Explain different methods of disposal of sewage

15 Explain about oxygen sag curve and critical deficit

16 Write a detailed flow sheet of sewage treatment scheme for a large city. Indicate the different


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17 Explain the following: i. Suspended growth system and attached growth system

ii. Aerobic and anaerobic processes

18 With the help of neat sketch explain the working of a rotating biological disc

19 Explain with neat sketch the working of tricking filter

20

Determine the depth, volume and efficiency of a standard rate trickling filter for the following data

(i) Quantity of settled sewage =6 million litre per day (ii) BOD of sewage = 200mg/l (iii) Rate of organic loading = 200 gm/m3/day (iv) Rate of surface loading = 2500l/m2/ day

21 What is meant by activated sludge process? Describe with sketch the treatment of sewage by activated sludge process

22 Calculate the area of land required for drying the 50m3/day of wet sludge from the digestion tank and also design the dimension tank

23

Design and sketch a sludge digester for the following data Average flow of sewage = 15x106 liters/day Total suspended solids in sewage = 400mg/l Removal of solids in primary settling tank = 60% Specific gravity of sludge is assumed as unity Moisture content of fresh sludge = 95% Moisture content of digested sludge = 85%

24 Write a short notes on sludge drying beds

25 Explain with sketch the working of sludge digester

26 Explain bulking of sludge and how it can be controlled

27 Write a short note on chlorination of sewage

28 Explain with neat sketch the working of aerated lagoon

29 Explain with neat sketch the working of septic tank


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06CV72 - DESIGN OF STEEL STRUCTURES


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SYLLABUS

Subject Code: 06CV72 IA Marks: 25 No. Of Lecture Hours/Week: 05 Exam Hours: 03 Total No. Of Lecture Hours: 62 Exam Marks: 100

PART - A UNIT - 1 INTRODUCTION: Advantages and disadvantages of steel structures. Loads and load combinations, Design considerations.Limit state method (LSM) of design, Failure criteria for steel, Codes, Specifications and section classification 7 Hours UNIT – 2 BOLTED CONNECTIONS: Introduction, Behavior of bolted joints, Design strength of ordinary black bolts, Design strength of high strength friction grip bolts (HSFG),pin connections, simple connections, moment resistant connections, beam to beam connections, beam &column splices,semirigid connections. 7 Hours UNIT – 3 WELDED CONNECTIONS: Introduction, Welding process, welding electrodes, advantages of welding, types & properties of welds, types of joints, weld symbols, weld specifications, Effective areas of welds, design of welds, simple joints, moment resistant connections, continuous beam to column connections,continous beam to beam connections, beam-column splices, tubular connections 7hours UNIT - 4 PLASTIC BEHAVIOUR OF STRUCTURAL STEEL:- Introduction, plastic theory, plastic hinge concept, plastic collapse load, conditions of plastic analysis,theorum of plastic collapse, methods of plastic analysis, plastic analysis of continuous beams. 7 Hours

PART – B

UNIT – 5 DESIGN OF TENSION MEMBERS: Introduction, types of tension members, design of strands,slederness ratio,behaviour of tension members, modes of failures, factors affecting strength of tension members, angles under tension, other sections, design of tension members, lug angles,splices,gussets 7 Hours UNIT – 6 DESIGN OF COMPRESSION MEMBERS:Introduction,failure modes,behaviours of compression members, elastic buckling of slender compression members, sections used for compression members, effective length of compression members, design of compression members,builtup compression members. 9 Hours UNIT – 7 DESIGN OF COLUMN BASES: Design of simple slab base and gusseted base 7 Hours


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UNIT - 8 DESIGN OF BEAMS: Introduction, Lateral stability of beams, factors affecting lateral stability, behavior of simple & built-up sections in bending (without vertical stiffeners), design strength of laterally supported beams in bending, design strength of laterally unsupported beams, maximum deflection, design of beams & purlins 7 Hours Note; Study of this course should be based on IS 800-2007 TEXT BOOKS: 1. Design of Steel Structures- N. Subramanian, Oxford, 2008 REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. - Ramachandra - Vol - 2, Standard Book House, New Delhi 2. Comprehensive Design of Steel Structures- Dr. B.C. Punmia,ashok kumar Jain,arun

kumar Jain, Laxmi publications. 3. IS – 800-2007,IS- 875 - 1987,Steel tables (to be supplied in examination).


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LESSON PLAN

Subject Name: Design of Steel Structures Hours / Week: 05 Subject Code: 06CV72 Total Hours: 62 Period

No. Topic to be covered

1.INTRODUCTION 1 Introduction to steel structures, Advantages and Disadvantages of Steel Structures

2 Loads and Load combinations

3 Design considerations

4 Limit state method (LSM) of design

5 Failure criteria for steel

6 Codes, specification 7 Section classification 2.BOLTED CONNECTIONS

8 Introduction, Behavior of bolted joints

9 Design strength of ordinary black bolts. Design strength of high strength friction grip bolts (HSFG)

10 Pin connections. Simple connections, Moment resistant connections

11 Beam to beam connections

12 Beam splices

13 Column splices 14 Semi rigid connections 3.WELDED CONNECTIONS

15 Introduction, Welding process, Welding electrodes

16 Advantages of welding, Types & properties of welds, Types of joints

17 Weld symbols, Weld specifications, Effective areas of welds

18 Design of welds, simple joints, moment resistant connections

19 Continuous beam to column connections, Continuous beam-to-beam connections, beam column splices, tubular connections.

Bb beam column spli 20 Beam column splices,. 21 Tubular connections.

4.PLASTIC BEHAVIOUR OF STRUCTURAL STEEL

22 Introduction, Plastic theory

23 Plastic hinge concept, Plastic collapse load

24 Conditions of plastic analysis

25 Theorems of plastic collapse

26 Methods of plastic analysis

27 Plastic analysis of continuous beams

28 Numerical problems on above 29 Numerical problems on above


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Period


5.DESIGN OF TENSION MEMBERS

30 Introduction, Types of tension members

31 Design of strands, Slenderness ratio

32 Behavior of tension members, Modes of failure

33 Factors affecting strength of tension members

34 Angle under tension. Other sections,

35 Design of tension members 36 Lug angles, splices & gussets 6.DESIGN OF COMPRESSION MEMBERS

37 Introduction, Failure modes,

38 Behavior of compression members

39 Elastic buckling of slender compression members

40 Sections used for compression members

41 Effective length of compression members

42 Design of compression members

43 Built up compression members

44 Numerical problem on built up sections 45 Numerical problem on built up sections continued 7.DESIGN OF COLUMN BASES

46 Design of simple slab base

47 Design of simple slab base continued

48 Design of simple slab base continued

49 Design of gusseted base

50 Design of gusseted base continued

51 Design of gusseted base continued 52 Design of gusseted base continued 8.DESIGN OF BEAMS

53 Introduction, beam types

54 Lateral stability of beams, Factors affecting lateral stability

55 Behavior of simple & built up beams in bending (with out vertical stiffeners)

56 Design strength of laterally supported beams in bending,

57 Design strength of laterally unsupported beams in bending,

58 Shear strength of steel beams, ,

59 Maximum deflection

60 Design of beams

61 Design of purlins

62 Revision on above topic


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QUESTION BANK

8. a) What are the different types of steel structural members?

b) State different loads and load combination for the design of structures c) Sketch the General forms of tension and compression members.

9. State the different methods of design of steel structures. Distinguish among themselves 10. Explain in detail four accepted yield criteria. 11. Two plates of same width 65mm and different thickness18mm and16mmare to be

connected by a lap joint to resist a tensile load of 75 kn usingM16 bolts of grade 4.6 and plates of grade 410. design the lap joint.

12. A hanger joint is shown in fig below carry a factored load of 300kn using an end plate of size 280mm X160mm. Design the hanger joint using M24 HSFG bolts provided as shown. Take end plates of grade Fe410

280x160mm end plate 300 kn

13. A bracket is as shown in fig below and is provided with 8 no of 20mm diameter bolts of grade 4.6. Cheque the adequacy of the connection to resist the external forces

140mm 140mm W=120kn 40 80 o o o o 80mm x G 80mm o o o o Thickness of bracket=12mm 40mm ISHB 300 7. Two plates of 18kn & 14 mm thick are to be joined together by a groove weld as shown in

fig below. The joint is subjected to a factored tensile force of 300 kn. Assuming the effective length length of 180mm, Cheque the adequacy of joint for the following cases

a) Single V groove weld b) Double V groove weld

Take that Fe 410 steel plate & welds as shop weld


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8. Determine A channel section ISMC 250 is connected to a gusset plate of 16mm thick and it will transfer a factored tensile force of 800 kn. If the overlap of the channel section on the gusset plate is restricted to 320 mm, design the fillet weld.

9. Two brackets of thickness 08mmeach are welded on each side of flange ISHB 300

@58.8 kg/m as shown in fig below. If the size of the weld is 6mm,determine the maximum load W that can be taken by weld.

180mm 280mm W θ =600 300mm G

10.determine the values of shape factors for the following sections 300mm 200mm 50mm 300mm 400mm 200mm 120mm 100mm Take uniform thickness=20mm 11. Determine the plastic moment using load factor Q=1.85 for the continuous beam shown

in figure below 20kn 6kn/m 15kn D A 1.5Mp 2Mp Mp 2m 3m B 4m C 3m 3m

12.Determine the collapse load for the beam shown in fig below W 1.2W 1.5W W A B B C D 5m, 2Mp 3m, 1.5Mp 2m 1m 2m 1m Mp


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13.Determine the design tensile strength of plate 180mmX10mm connected to 12mm thick

gusset plate using M16 bolts as shown in figure below. Use Fe410 grade steel. 40mm O O 50mm Plate 180mmX10mm O O 12mm thick gusset plate 40mm 40mm, 50mm, 40mm

14. A single equal angle 90x90x8mm is connected to a 10mm thick gusset plate at the ends as shown in fig below.

Calculate the design tensile strength of the angle by using plate of grade Fe410 &bolts of grade 4.6 if the angle is connected to gusset plate using 20mmdiameter bolts.

O O O 40mm 50mm, 50mm,40mm

15. A double angle discontinuous strut 150mmx75mmx12mm long leg back to back is connected to either side by gusset plate of 12mm thick with 2 bolts. The length of the strut between the intersection is 3.3m. Determine the safe load carrying capacity of the section.

16.Calculate the safe compressive load of a bridge compression member of two channels

ISMC300, 35.8 kg/m placed toe to toe. The effective length of member is 6m. the widths over the back of the channel is 320mm and the section is properly connected to bracings.

17. An ISMB 300 @ 577 N/m column carries a factored axial load of 900 kn . Design the

base plate under it assuming the grade of steel used as Fe410 & the grade of concrete to be provided below the base plate as M25.

18.Design a gusseted base on a concrete pedestal for a column ISHB 400 @ 759N/m with

two flange plates 400x20mm carrying a factored load of 4000 kn. The column is to be supported on concrete pedestal to be build with M20 concrete.


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19A s/s beam of span 6m carries a udl of 35kn/m. Design the beam if it is laterally

restrained. 20. A rolled beam section section ISLB 300 @ 37.7x9.81 N/m carry a factored moment

Mu=125knm and factored SF of 250kn. Check the adequacy of the rolled section if the span of the beam is 6m.


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06CV73 - QUANTITY SURVEYING AND ESTIMATION


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SYLLABUS

Sub. Code : 06 CV73 IA Marks : 25 Hr/Week : 04 Exam Hours : 03 Total Hrs. : 52 Exam Marks: 100

PART- A

ESTIMATION – Study of various drawings with estimates, important terms, units of measurement, abstract. Methods of taking out quantities and cost – centerline method, long and short wall method or crossing method. Preparation of detailed and abstract estimates for the following civil engineering works – Buildings – RCC Framed structures with flat, sloped RCC roofs with all Building components. 16 hrs

PART- B ESTIMATE – Different type of estimates, approximate methods of estimating buildings, cost of materials. Estimation of wooden joineries such as doors, windows & ventilators. 05 hrs ESTIMATES – Steel Truss (fink and Howe Truss), Man Hole and Septic tanks. 06 hrs SPECIFICATIONS – Definition of specifications, objective of writing specifications, essentials in specifications, general and detail specifications of common item of works in buildings. 05 hrs

PART- C RATE ANALYSIS – Definition and purpose. Working out quantities and rates for the following standard items of works – earth work in different types of soils, cement concrete of different mixes, bricks and stone masonry, flooring, plastering, RCC works, centering and form work for different RCC items, wood and steel works for doors, windows and ventilators. 06 hrs MEASUREMENT OF EARTHWORK FOR ROADS – Methods for computation of earthwork – cross sections – mid section formula or average end area or mean sectional area, trapezoidal & prismoidal formula with and without cross slopes. 06 hrs CONTRACTS – Types of contract – essentials of contract agreement – legal aspects, penal provisions on breach of contract. Definition of the terms –Tender, earnest money deposit, security deposit, tender forms, documents and types. Comparative statements, acceptance of contract documents and issue of work orders. Duties and liabilities, termination of contract, Completion certificate, quality control, right of contractor, refund of deposit. Administrative approval – Technical sanction. Nominal muster roll, measurement books – procedure for recording and checking measurements –preparation of bills. 08 hrs


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TEXT BOOKS: 1. Estimating, Costing, Specification and Valuation in Civil Engineering – N. Chakraborti,

Published by author, Calcutta 2. Estimating and Specification – by B. N. Dutta, UBS Publishers and distributors, New

Delhi. REFERANCE BOOKS; 1. Quanity survey- by P.L.Basion S.Chand& co,New Deihi. 2. Estimating & specification – by S.C.Rangwala, Charotar Publishing House, Anand. 3. Test book of Estimating & Costing –G.S Birde, Dhanpath Rai and sons, New Delhi. 4. A test book on Estimating , costing and Accounts – D.D. Kohli and R.C.Kohli S.Chand Co., New Delhi. 5.Professional Practice for Civil Engineers by J.Nanavati . SCHEME OF EXAMINATION: One question on estimate of building (Chapter 2) -compulsory; 40 marks Four questions to be answered out of six in the remaining chapters (one question from chapters 3,4,5 and 6; two questions from chapter 1 and 7) 60 marks


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LESSON PLAN

Subject Name: Quantity Surveying & Estimation Hours / Week: 05 Subject Code: 06CV73 Total Hours: 62

Period


ESTIMATION 1. Study of various drawings with estimates, important terms, units of

measurement, abstract. 2. Long wall and Short wall Method 3. Methods of taking out quantities and cost – long and short wall method or

crossing method. 4. Preparation of detailed and abstract estimates for – Buildings works –

Framed structures with flat RCC roof with all building components. 5. Preparation of detailed and abstract estimates for – Buildings works –

Framed structures with flat RCC roof with all building components.(contd)

6. Preparation of detailed and abstract estimates for – Buildings works – Framed structures with flat RCC roof with all building components. (contd)

7. Preparation of detailed and abstract estimates for – Buildings works – Framed structures with sloped flat RCC roof with all building components.



CENTER LINE METHOD 10. Methods of taking out quantities and cost – center line method . 11. Preparation of detailed and abstract estimates for – Buildings works –

Framed structures with flat RCC roof with all building components. 12. Preparation of detailed and abstract estimates for – Buildings works –

Framed structures with flat RCC roof with all building components. (contd)

13. Preparation of detailed and abstract estimates for – Buildings works – Framed structures with flat RCC roof with all building components(contd)



16. Preparation of detailed and abstract estimates for – Buildings works – Framed structures with sloped RCC roof with all building components

17. Preparation of detailed and abstract estimates for – Buildings works – Framed structures with sloped flat RCC roof with all building components. (contd)


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Period


18 Preparation of detailed and abstract estimates for – Buildings works –

Framed structures with sloped flat RCC roof with all building components. (contd)

19 Preparation of detailed and abstract estimates for – Buildings works – Framed structures with sloped flat RCC roof with all building components. (contd)

20 Preparation of detailed and abstract estimates for – Buildings works – Framed structures with sloped flat RCC roof with all building components. (contd)

ESTIMATE 21 Different type of estimate 22. Approximate methods of estimating buildings 23. Approximate methods of estimating cost of materials 24. Estimation of wooden joineries such as doors 25. Estimation of wooden joineries such as windows 26. Estimation of wooden joineries such as ventilators

ESTIMATES 27. Steel fink Truss 28. Steel fink Truss(contd) 29. Steel Howe Truss 30. Man Hole 31. Man Hole (Contd.,) 32. Septic tank 33. Septic tank(contd)

SPECIFICATIONS 34. Definition of specification, objective of writing specification, essentials in

specifications 35. General and detail specification of item of works in building. 36. General and detail specification of item of works in building(contd) 37. General and detail specification of item of works in building.(contd) 38. General and detail specification of item of works in building.(contd)

RATE ANALYSIS 39. Definition and purpose.

Working out quantities and rates for– Earthwork in hard soils 40. Working out quantities and rates for– Earthwork in soft soils 41. Cement concrete of different mixes 42. Brick and stone masonry 43. Flooring, Plastering 44. RCC works, Centering and formwork for different RCC items 45. Wood and steel works for doors, windows and ventilators


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Period


MEASUREMENT OF EARTHWORK FOR ROADS

46. Methods for computation of earthwork– cross sections 47. Computation of earthwork – mid section formula average end area or

Mean sectional area formula, 48. Computation of earthwork – mid section formula, 49. Computation of earthwork - Trapezoidal formula, 50. Computation of earthwork - Prismoidal formula, 51. Computation of earthwork – mid section formula, without cross slopes. 52. Computation of earthwork – mid section formula, with cross slopes.

CONTRACTS

53. Types of Contracts – essentials of Contract agreement

54. Legal aspects, penal provisions on breach of contract.

55. Definition of the terms – Tender, earnest money deposit, security deposit, tender form

56. Tender documents and types

57. Comparative statements, acceptance of contract documents and issue of work orders.

58. Duties and liabilities, termination of contract, completion certificate, quality control, right of contractor, refund of deposit.

59. Administrative approval technical sanction.

60. Nominal muster roll, measurement books

61. Procedure for recording and checking measurements

62. Preparation of bills.


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QUESTION BANK

1) The plan & section of a residential building(not drawn to scale)is shown in fig1.Taking out quantities, work out the cost of construction of the following items of work-only adopting the local rates prevailing in your area. The items of work should be fully specified at least in the abstract.

• Earth work excavation in hard gravelly soil. • 1:4:8 cement concrete using 40mm jelly for foundation bed. • Size stone masonry in cement mortar 1:6 for foundation and basement. • Burnt brick masonry in cement mortar 1:6 for super structure. • R.C.C roof slab in 1:2:4 mix. • R.C.C chajja and lintel • 20mm thick plastering over brick work with cement mortar in 1:6

W W

ROOM 1 ROOM 2 W 3.60 X 3.00 3.60 X 3.00 W D D VERANDAH ROOM 3 3.60 X 2.40 W W 2.40m D W 1.8m W1


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D – 1.20 X 2.10m W – 1.20 X 1.35m RCC Slab 12cm thick W1 – 1.80 X 1.35m ALL 30CM WALL 3.0m 0.15 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.30 0.90 2) Prepare detail estimate along with an abstract estimate for a septic tank together with a soak pit as shown in the figure 2 the specifications as follows

• foundations bed with cement concrete 1:4:8 • Brick work with cement mortar 1:6 • Slab cover of RCC 1:2:4 • The flooring of cement concrete 1:2:4 • Plastering 12mm thick cement mortar 1:2:4

3) Prepare detailed estimate of a manhole from the figure3, Specifications- Foundation and floor concrete shall be of 1:3:6 cement concrete with brick ballast. Brick shall be in cement mortar 1:4 and inner faces of wall shall be pointed with 1:2 cement mortar. 4) The sketch 4 shows the details of a factory building estimate the below mentioned items of work only.

• PCC 1:4:8 for column footing. • PCC 1:2:4 for column footing • PCC 1:2:4 for column pedestal • PCC 1:2:4 for columns • PCC 1:2:4 for lintels & gutter beam • PCC 1:2:4 for gutter slab & gutter facia. • BBM in CM 1:6 for superstructure


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5) Calculate the quantity of wood for preparing a king post truss for a clear span of 6m wall thickness:300mm Size of principal rafter- (150x 100)mm Size of king post -(250x100)mm Size of tie beam -(200x100)mm Size of truss -(100x100)mm Rise of roof -1/3 of span 6) Work out the cost of column and footing with the following details.

Footing: concrete 2m x 2.5m x 0.55 m size HYSD bars 20mmdia, 10nos both ways Column size 0.35m x 0.5m x 5m height HYSD bars 8 nos of 20 mm dia 6mm dia lateral ties at 250mm

7) Estimate the cost of arch masonry in CM 1:4 which is used for the arch culvert subtending an angle of 120 0 at the center, the span of the arch is 6m and 550 mm thick.

8) From the Ist principles arrive the rate for the below mentioned itemws

• BBM in CM 1:6 for superstructure • Coursed rubble masonry in CM1:6 for foundation. • Plastering in CM 1:6 for internal walls of 20mm thick. • PCC 1:2:4 for roof slab • Two coats of enamel painting over a coat of primer for wood work • Cement concrete of mix 1:4:8 for foundation • Half brick wall with cement mortar 1:3 • 1:4:8 cement concrete for flooring • Asbestos cement corrugated sheey roofing on mild steel angle purlins • Cement concrete flooring of mix 1:3:6 of 2.5cm thick with red oxide finishing • RCC M15 mix for roof slab

9) Write down the detailed specification for the following? • Earth work in excavation in foundations • Cement concrete 1:4:8 for foundation bed • Random rubble masonry in cement mortar 1:6 for foundation • 1:2:4 cement concrete for laying and costing RCC lintels • Laying stone ware pipe of 200mm diameter for underground lines • Mangalore tile roofing • Cement concrete flooring • Plastering 12mm thick with cement mortar 1:4 • Painting doors and windows • Earth working • Construction of BBM for super structure in cement mortar 1:6 • Laying GI pipe of 25mm diameter for water supply

10. Calculate the quantity of earth work of a road embankment which is 200m length, the height

of the bank at the two ends being 1m and 1.5 m the formation width is 10m and side slopes of 2:1( H:B) assume there is no transverse slope


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11. Estimate the quantity of the earth work for the formation of a road 200m long Formation width 10m, side slope 2:1 for banking 11/2:1 for cutting the ground is level in lateral direction. The road has falling gradient of 1 in 200, in the formation level at station 1 is 51.4m

Station Distance in meters RL of ground

1 0 50.8 2 40 50.6 3 80 50.7 4 120 51.2 5 160 51.4 6 200 51.3

12. Estimate the volume of earthwork in cutting for a road fro the following data Breadth of

formation =10m , side slope =11/2:1

Distance in meters Depth of Cutting in meters Cross slope of the

surface of the ground 0 2.5 1 in 10 30 3.4 1 in 12 60 3.1 1 in 9

13. Calculate the cost of the column and footing with the following details

Footing 2.5 m x 2.2 m x 0.6m size 16 numbers of 12mm diameter HYSD bars in lengthwise and 22 no. of 10mm diameter HYSD bars in breadth wise directions.

Column 0.4m x 0.6m x 4.5m clear height 6no of 16mm dia. HYSD bars and 4 no. of 12mm dia HYSD bars. 8mm dia. Lateral ties at 250mm c/c

14. Write short notes of the following? • Administrative approval and technical sanction • A quittance role and nominal muster role • Work charged establishment • Contingencies and supervision charges • EMD and security money deposit • Book value , scrap value and salvage value • Schedule of rates • Appropriation and Re-appropriation • Plinth area estimate and Approximate estimate • Tools and plant account • Depreciation • Royalty and work order • Estimate, types estimate and revised estimate • Measurement Book • Tender and tender document • Original works and repair works • Floor area, Plinth area and carpet area • Types of contract • Public works account.


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06CV74 –DESIGN OF PRESTRESSED CONCRETE STRUCTURES


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SYLLABUS

Subject Code : 06CV74 IA Marks : 25 No. of Lecture Hours/Week : 04 Exam Hours : 03 Total No. of Lecture Hours : 52 Exam Marks : 100

PART A UNIT - I MATERIALS : High strength concrete and steel, Stress-Strain characteristics and properties. 2 hrs BASIC PRINCIPLES OF PRE-STRESSING: Fundamentals, Load balancing concept, Stress concept, center of thrust. Pre-tensioning and post tensioning systems, tensioning methods and end anchorages. 4 hrs UNIT - II ANALYSIS OF SECTIONS FOR FLEXURE : Stresses in concrete due to prestress and loads, stresses in steel due to loads, cable profiles. 8hrs UNIT III LOSSES OF PRE-STRESS: Various losses encountered in pre-tensioning and post tensioning methods, determination of jacking force. 6 hrs UNIT - IV DEFLECTIONS : Deflection of a pre-stressed member – Short term and long term deflections, Elastic deflections under transfer loads and due to different cable profiles. Deflection limits as per IS 1343. Effect of creep on deflection, load verses deflection curve, methods of reducing deflection. 6hrs

PART – B UNIT - V LIMIT STATE OF COLLAPSE : Flexure - IS code recommendations- Ultimate flexural strength of section 5 hrs UNIT - VI LIMIT STATE OF COLLAPSE (Cont..): Shear – IS Code recommendations, shear resistance of sections, shear reinforcement. Limit state of serviceability – control of deflections and cracking. 7 hrs UNIT - VII DESIGN OF END BLOCKS: Transmission of pre-stress in pre tensioned members, transmission length, Anchorage stress in post tensioned members. Bearing stress and bearing tensile force, stresses in end blocks-- Methods, IS code provision for design of the end block reinforcement. 6hrs UNIT - VIII DESIGN OF BEAMS: Design of pre-tensioned and post tensioned symmetrical and asymmetrical sections, permissible stress, design of pre-stressing force, and eccentricity. Limiting zone of pre-stressing force, cable profile 8 hrs


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Text Books:

1. Pre-stressed concrete- N.Krishna Raju 2. Pre-stressed concrete- P.Dayarathnam

Reference Books:

1. Design of pre-stressed concrete structures – T.Y. lin and Ned .H. Burns 2. N.C. Sinha & S.K. Roy “Fundamental of pre-stressed concrete” John Wiley & Sons.

New York. 3. N. Rajghopalan “Pre-stressed Concrete”

Code Book:

1. I.S; 1343:1980


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LESSON PLAN

Subject Name: Design of Prestressed Concrete Structures Hours / Week: 05 Subject Code: 06CV74 Total Hours: 62

Period

No. Topics to be Covered

1. Unit 1 Introduction to prestressed concrete structure,

2. Introduction to High strength concrete & high tensile steel.

3. Comparison between R.C.C. & P.S.C structures. Stress strain characteristics & properties

4. Basic principles of pre-stressing: Fundamentals

5. Load balancing concept, stress concept.

6. Center of thrust, pre-tensioning and post tensioning systems

7. Tensioning methods and end anchorages.

8. Unit 2 Introduction of Analysis of section for flexure

9. Stresses in concrete due to pre stress and loads

10. Stress in steel due to loads, cable profiles

11. Analysis of stress of beams of rectangular types of cross section

12. Analysis of stress of beams of rectangular types of cross section

13. Analysis of stress of beams of Tee types of cross section

14. Analysis of stress of beams of I types of cross section

15. Analysis of stress of beams of I types of cross section

16. Problems related to post tensioning methods

17. Problems related to pre tensioning methods

18. Unit 3 Introduction about losses of pre stress & different methods to calculate losses of pre stress

19. Loss due to Elastic deformation of concrete & related problems

20. Loss due to shrinkage, loss due to creep & related problems

21. Ultimate creep strain method & creep coefficient method, loss due to anchorage slip.

22. Problems related to anchorage slip, Loss due to relaxation of steel, Determination of jacking forces

23. Problems related to anchorage slip, Loss due to relaxation of steel, Determination of jacking forces

24. Total losses allowed for design, differences between loss of prestress in pre stressed & post tensioned structure

25. Unit 4 Introduction to deflection of beams & factors influencing deflection.

26. Various deflection procedure for straight tendons, trapezoidal tendon

27. Deflection of parabolic profile, parabolic tendons of eccentric anchors


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Period No.

Topics to be Covered

28. Deflection of parabolic profile, parabolic tendons of eccentric anchors

29. Deflection of sloping tendon, parabolic & straight load

30. Deflection due to -self weight of dead load & live load

31. Deflection due to -self weight of dead load & live load

32. Short term deflection - Mohr's theorem & long term deflection

33. Unit 5 Limit state of collapse – flexure- IS Code recommendations

34. Type of members & flexural tensile stresses

35. Introduction to Flexures strength of concrete

36. Ultimate flexural of rectangular sections of bonded tendons & unbonded tendons

37. Ultimate flexural of T ,I, Box sections of bonded tendons & unbonded tendons



40. Unit 6 Shear – IS Code recommendations,

41. Limit state of serviceability

42. Control of deflections and cracking

43. Shear resistance of sections, shear reinforcement




47. Unit 7 Transmission of pre stress in pre tensioned member

48. Transmission length anchorage stress in post tensioned members

49. Bearing stress and bursting tensile force- stress in end blocks

50. IS code provision for the design of end block reinforcement

51. Problems on design of end block reinforcement

52. Problems on design of end block reinforcement

53. Unit 8 Design of pre tensioned symmetrical sections

54. Design of post tensioned symmetrical sections



57. Design of pre tensioned asymmetrical sections

58. Design of pre tensioned asymmetrical sections

59. Design of post tensioned asymmetrical sections

60. Design of post tensioned asymmetrical sections

61. Permissible stress design of pre stressing force & eccentricity

62. Limiting zone of pre stressing force, cable profile.


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QUESTION BANK

1. Discuss the relative merits and demerits of prestressed concrete over the R.C.C 2. List the various systems of pre stressing. Explain any one of the system with neat

sketches. 3. Explain the necessity of using high tensile steel and high strength concrete in prestressed

concrete structures. 4. Explain the concept of load balancing in prestressed concrete design. 5. Why are the concrete and steel used in the P.S.C structures different from that used in the

RCC structures? explain briefly with salient points 6. A prestressed concrete beam 8m consists of a hollow rectangular section with outer

dimensions 300mmx 500mm and inner dimensions of 200mmx 400mm. The beam is prestressed by a straight cable with an eccentricity of 225mm with an effective pre stressing force of 150 KN. Live load on the beam is 3 KN/ m. Draw the sketch distribution diagrams at the central section for the following cases.

1) pre stress + self weight 2) pre stress+ self weight+ live load 7. A concrete beam of symmetrical I section has an effective span of 8m. The width of the

flange is 400mm and the thickness of the flange is 80mm. The overall depth of beam is 500mm and web thickness is 80mm. The beam pre stressed by parabolic cable with an eccentricity of 150mm at the center and zero at the supports. The effective pre stressing force is 180 KN. The live load on the beam is 8KN/ m. Draw the distribution diagram at the center section for

1) pre stress + self weight 2) pre stress+ self weight+ live load 8. A rectangular pre stressed concrete beam 400mm wide and 850mm deep supports two

concentrated loads of 25KN each at one third point of span of 9m. 1) Suggest a suitable cable profile the eccentricity of the cable profile is 150mm for

the middle third portion for the beam. Calculate the effective pre stressing force required to balance the loading effect of concentrated load. (Neglect self weight of the beam)

2) For the same cable profile find the initial pre stressing force in the cable if the resultant stress due to prestress + self weight + imposed loads is zero at soffit of the beam at mid span section.

9. A pre-tensioned pre stressed concrete beam of span 9.5m as a cross section of 250mmx

550mm and is pre stressed with tendon of area 200mm2. Located at an eccentricity of 90mm with an initial stress of 1000N/mm2 Calculate the percentage loss of prestress using the following data.

Modular ratio = 6 Anchorage slip = 1.2mm Relaxation of stress = 2% Shrinkage of concrete = 300x 10 -6

Creep strain = 40x10-6mm/mm


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10. List the factors that account for loss of prestress in prestressed concrete structures. Give

the approximate values of percentage loss of pre tress in each case. 11. A post tensioned concrete beam spanning 10 m and rectangular in cross section 300 mm

deep is pre stressed with a straight cable of C/S area of 320 mm2 at an eccentricity of 80 mm. The initial stress in the cable is 1000 N/mm2. Calculate the percentage loss of prestress in the cable given:

Creep coefficient = 1.6 Shrinkage strain in concrete = 2 x 10 –4 Relaxation of steel stress = 5% Friction coefficient for wave effect = 0.0015/m Anchorage slip = 1 mm Es = 210 KN/mm

2 Ec = 35 KN/mm2

12. Explain the methods of determine the short and long term deflection of pre

Stressed concrete beams

13. What are the types of prestress losses in pre tensioned and post tensioned members ? 14. A post – tensioned beam with a cable of 24 parallel wires (total area = 800 mm2) is

tensioned with 2 wires at a time. The cable with zero eccentricity at the ends and 150 mm at the center follows a circular curve. The span of the beam is 10 m and if has a rectangular cross section 250 mm wide and 500 mm deep. The wires are to be stressed to a value of f1 to overcome frictional loss and then released to a value of f2 so that immediately after anchoring, an initial prestressed of 900 N/mm2 would be available. Compute f1 and f2 and the final design stress in steel after all losses, given the following data:

Coefficient of friction for curvature = 0.6 Friction coefficient for ‘wave’ effect = 0.003/m Deformation and slip of anchorage =- 1.25 mm Es=210 kn/mm

2 Ec=28 kn/mm2 Shrinkage of concrete= 0.0002 Relaxation in steel stress=3% of initial stress

15. A pre stressed concrete beam 300x600mm is pre stressed by parabolic cable having eccentricity of 200mm at center and 60mm at the supports effective pre stress in the cable is 1200 kN simply supported span is 12m.

16.Determine the maximum deflection of the Beam due to pre stress and self weight 2)The

magnitude of the central concentrated load the beam can support so that maximum deflection shall not exceed L/400 where L is the simply supported span

17. A rectangular beam 200x 400mm is simply supported over the span of 10 m. The

eccentricity of the parabolic pre stressing cable is 80mm from soffit at mid span and 125mm from top at supports if force in the cable 200KN Ec= 38Mpa Calculate

1) The deflection at mid span on the beam is supporting self-weight 2) The magnitude of the central concentrated load, which restores the beam at mid

span to the level of supports.


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18. a post tensioned beam with unbonded tendons is of rectangular cross section is 500 x 1000mm the cross sectional area of pre stressing steel are of 3000mm square .The effective pre stress after considering all losses is 1000Mpa. The effective span of the beam made of M40 concrete is 15m. Estimate the ultimate moment of resistance of the section using codal provisions

19. What are the codal recommendations for shear reinforcement in PSC beams? 20. A cantilever PSC girder 8m long is 600mm wide and 1750mm deep. It carries a tip load

of 400 kN, and an udl of 60kN/m inclusive of self weight. The beam is pre stressed by 8 cables, each carrying a force of 900N. 3 cables are located at 150mm from top edge, 3 are located at 400mm and the other two are located at 750mm from top edge. Calculate the principal stresses at a point 600mm from the top edge at support section of the cantilever.

21. Explain the importance of Deflection control in PSC members?

22. List the factors affecting the deflection of PSC members?

23. Differentiate between the stress distribution in the end blocks of pre tensioned and post

tensioned beams with sketches?

24. What are the methods of improving shear resistance of a concrete member by pre stressing techniques?

25. Explain the various types of flexural failures encountered in pre stressed concrete

members?

26. An unsymmetrical section has an overall depth of 2m. It has a top flange 1.2m wide and 300mm deep. The bottom flange is 750mm wide and 200mm deep> Thickness of web is 300mm. Tendons having a cross sectional area of 7000mm2 are located 200mm from the soffit. Estimate the flexural strength of the section if the tendons are effectively bonded to the concrete and ultimate compressive and tensile strength of steel are 42 and 1750N/mm2 respectively?

27. Write the short notes of the following

i. Need for high strength concrete and steel in PSC members ii. Pre tensioning and post tensioning iii. Stress relaxation and stress corrosion in steel iv. Thrust line and pressure line v. Selection of cable profile

vi. Arrangement of Anchorage zone reinforcement vii. Shear cracks viii. Tensioning devises ix. Types of tensile steel x. Bonded and un bonded tendons

xi. Limiting zone pre stressing force xii. Transmission length xiii. Methods of pre stressing xiv. Chemical pre stressing xv. Flexural failures in PSC members


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06CV755 - HIGHWAY GEOMETRIC DESIGN


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SYLLABUS

Subject Code: 06CV755 IA Marks: 25 No. of Lecture Hours/Week: 04 Exam Hours: 03 Total No. of Lecture Hours: 52 Exam Marks: 100

Unit - I INTRODUCTION: Elements Geometric Design control factors like topography-design Sped design vehicle traffic –Capacity-Volume –Environment other factors-IRC and AAHO standards and specification- PCU concept for design. 06hrs Unit - II CROSS SECTION ELEMENTS: pavement surface Characteristics Friction –skid and skid resistance- Pavement unevenness-light reflecting Characteristics- camber and its shapes –providing camber in the field Pavement width computation –kerbs and its types-Medians-shoulders- foot paths- parking lanes-service roads-cycle tracks-driveways-guard rails- width of formation- Right of way –Design of Road humps as per IRC Specification 10hrs Unit – III SIGHT DISTANCES :.Importants, types, Side distance at uncontrolled intersection, derivation, factors affecting side distance, IRC, AASHTO standards, problems on above. 06hrs Unit - IV HORIZONTAL ALIGNMENT: Definition, Checking the stability of vehicle, while moving on horizontal curve, Super elevation, Ruling minimum and maximum radius, Assumptions – problems – method of providing super elevation for different curves – Extra widening of pavement on curves – objectives – Mechanical widening – psychological widening – Transition Curve – objectives – Ideal requirements – Types of transition curve – Method of evaluating length of transition curve – Setting the transition curve in the field, set back distance on horizontal curve and problems on above 08hrs Unit - V VERTICAL ALIGNMENT: . Gradient – Types of gradient – Design criteria of summit and valley curve – Design of vertical curves based on SSD – OSD – Night visibility considerations – Design standards for hilly roads – problems on the above. 05hrs Unit – VI INTERSECTIONS DESIGN: Principle – Atgrade and Grade separated junctions – Types – channelization – Features of channelising Island – edian opening – Gap in median at junction. 06hrs Unit - VII ROTARY INTERSECTION: Elements – Advantages – Disadvantages – Design guide lines – problem on the above – Grade separated intersection – Three legged inter section – Diamond inter change – Half clover leaf – clover Leaf- Advantages- Disadvantages only 06hrs


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Unit - VIII HIGHWAY DRANIAGE Importance – sub surface drainage –surface drainage – Design of cross sections – Hydrological – Hydraulical considerations and design of filter media, problems on above. 05hrs TEST BOOKS: 1.Khanna S.K and Justo, C.E.O, Highway Engineering. Nem Chand and Bros. 2. L R Kadiyali., “Traffic Engineering and Transport Planning” Khanna Publishers. REFERANCE BOOKS 1.Kadiyyali L.R., “Highway Engineering ‘’ Khanna Publishers. 2.Relevant IRC publications. 3.Papa coastas and Prevendours., ‘Transportation Engineering and Planning .,Phi,NewDelhi. Scheme of Examination; Student has to answer five questions out of eight.


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LESSON PLAN

Subject Name: Highway Geometric Design Hours / Week: 05 Subject Code: 06CV755 Total Hours: 62

Period


INTRODUCTION 1. Introduction to Geometric Design and importance 2. Control factors like topography-design Speed design vehicle traffic 3. Capacity-Volume –Environment other factors 4. IRC and AAHO standards and specification 5. PCU concept for design 6. Factors controlling PCU for different design purpose

CROSS SECTION ELEMENTS 7. Pavement surface Characteristics Friction –skid and skid resistance- related

problems 8. Pavement unevenness-light reflecting Characteristics- 9. Camber and its shapes –providing camber in the field 10. Pavement width computation – related problems 11. kerbs and its types- 12. Medians-shoulders- foot paths 13. Parking lanes-service roads 14. Cycle tracks-driveways-guard rails- 15. Width of formation- Right of way 16. Design of Road humps as per IRC Specification 17. Problems on above 18. Problems on above

SIGHT DISTANCES 19. Important, types 20. Side distance at uncontrolled

Intersection, 21. Derivation, factors affecting side distance 22. IRC, AASHTO Standards, 23. Problems on above. 24. Problems on above.

HORIZONTAL ALIGNMENT 25. Definition, Checking the stability of Vehicle, while moving on horizontal

curve 26. Super elevation, Ruling minimum And maximum radius, Assumptions –

problems 27. Method of providing super Elevation for different curves 28. Extra widening of pavement on curves 29. Objectives – Mechanical widening – psychological widening – Transition

Curve 30. Objectives – Ideal requirements – Types of transition curve


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31. Method of evaluating length of transition curve


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Period


32. Set back distance on horizontal curve and problems on above 33. Problems on above 34. Problems on above

VERTICAL ALIGNMENT 35. Gradient –Vertical curve design criteria- 36. Types of summit and valley curves 37. Design of vertical curves based on SSD – OSD 38. Problems on above 39. Night visibility considerations 40. Design standards for hilly roads 41. Problems on above 42. Problems on above.

INTERSECTIONS DESIGN 43. Principle 44. At grade Junctions 45. Grade separated Junctions 46. Types 47. Channelization 48. edianopening – 49. Gap in median at junction

ROTARY INTERSECTION 50. Elements – Advantages – Disadvantages 51. Design guide lines 52. Problem on the above – Grade separated intersection 53. Three legged inter section – Diamond inter change 54. Grade separators-subways -under pass suitability of each types and their design

principles 55. Half clover leaf –Advantages- Disadvantages only 56. clover Leaf- Advantages- Disadvantages only

HIGHWAY DRANIAGE 57. Importance – sub surface drainage –surface Drainage 58. Design of cross sections 59. Hydrological – Hydraulically Considerations and design of filter media, 60. Problems on above 61. Design of cross section-problems on above 62. Design of cross section-problems on above


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QUESTION BANK INTRODUCTION

1. In drawing up Geometric Design standards for a country, what are the considerations to

be kept in view? 2. Why geometric design is important? What are the objects of geometric design? 3. Describe the classification system of urban streets and rural streets in India. Define the

various classes. 4. Describe the basis for terrain classification on geometric design. 5. What is the design Hour Volume? 6. Define the design speed in geometric design? What permissible speed is usually taken as

Design speed? What are the suggested Design speeds in India for urban and rural conditions?

7. What is the distinction between ruling and minimum design speeds and where they are adopted?

8. What is level of Service in capacity studies? What is the level of service recommended for Indian conditions for design of rural roads?

9. What are the design control elements and criteria for design? (Design speed, Topography, traffic factors, Design hourly volume and capacity, Environmental and other factors)

SIGHT DISTANCE

10. Develop the equation for determining the braking distance of a vehicle in terms of initial speed and coefficient of friction.

11. Derive the formula for stopping sight distance in terms of speed, perception and break reaction time, coefficient of friction and gradient of road. Calculate the safe stopping distance on a National Highway in plain terrain on a downward gradient of 3%. Make your own assumptions. [Hint: Assumptions (i) V = 100, (ii) I = 2.5s (iii) f = 0.35, Stopping distance = 173.1m].

HORIZONTAL CURVE

12. Derive the following equations used for design of horizontal curves in India: R = 0.0357 V2 (for plain and rolling terrain) R =0.0315 V2 (for hill roads snow bound) R = 0.0357 V2 (for hill roads not snow bound)

13. Derive the following equations used for design of horizontal curves in India: .e = V2 .

225 R 14. What are the maximum values of super – elevation recommended in India for

i) plain and rolling terrain ii) hilly areas which are snowbound iii) hilly areas which are not snowbound

15. What are the general controls to be kept in view in designing the horizontal alignment of

a road? What are the standards for gradient in India? Explain where (i) ruling (ii) limiting and (iii)

exceptional gradients are used? 15. what is grade compensation of curves?


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VERTICAL CURVES 16. Derive the formulae for determining the length of a summit curve (i) when the design

distance is less than the length of the curve and (ii) when the sight distance is greater than the length of the curve. Modify the formulae when overtaking sight distances are involved.

17. Derive the formula for determining the length of a sag curve for fulfilling rider comfort criterion.

18. What are the general controls to be kept in mind in designing the vertical profile of a road?

19. what are the general controls to be kept in mind in designing a combination of vertical and horizontal alignment?

CROSS SECTIONAL ELEMENTS

20. Give the recommended right – of – way widths for various classes of roads in India. Explain the terms “ building line” and “control line”, “width of roadway”, ”carriageway”, ”shoulders”.

21. What are the current space standards for urban roads in India? 22. Explain the term “road width”. What are the current standards for roadway width for

various types of roads in India? 23. What are the functions of a median? What are current Indian standards in this regard? 24. What are the functions of a curb? Describe the “barrier” and “mountable “ curbs. 25. What is the function of a camber in a road surface? What are the recommended values of

camber for various types of surface? 26. What considerations govern the side slopes of embankment and cutting of roads? What

are the present standards in this regard. 27. Explain the role of pavement surface characteristics in high way geometric design. State

the factors effecting friction between pavement and tyre of vehicles/ 28. Give sketches of various types of roads (i) rural (ii) urban areas. 29. What are Expressways? What are the geometric design standards for each facility. 30. Write a note on Passenger Car Unit concept for design. What are the factors on which

PCU values depend. 31. Mention the PCU equivalents as per Indian standards for different Vehicle type on a

straight stretch of road? 32. Mention the PCU equivalents as per Indian standards for different Vehicle type for use in

Rotary design. INTERSECTION DESIGN

33. What are the general principles to be observed in designing intersections? 34. What locations justify grade-separated intersection? 35. What are the basic forms of atgrade intersection? Give sketches showing the details of

each type. 36. What are the objectives of Channelisation? What are the features of channelisation

islands? 37. what are the advantages and disadvantages of rotary intersection? 38. What are the guidelines for selecting a rotary type of intersection? 39. what are the design consideration for a rotary intersection/ 40. How is the capacity of a rotary determined? 41. Describe the features of mini-roundabouts, giving their advantages and limitations. 42. Describe with sketches the various types of grade-separated junctions and the conditions

under which they are provided.


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PROBLEMS

INTRODUCTION 44. Determine the capacity of single lane(uni directional) pavement on a rural highway in India for a design speed of 80 KMPH from theoretical considerations. The average length

of mixed vehicles of all types is 7 meters. The coefficient of friction is 0.5. assume a value of perception-brake reaction time recommend by IRC.

45.A truck traveling at 50 KPH on a wet bituminous surface (coefficient of friction 0.3) is suddenly brought to rest by braking. Calculate the distance traveled in coming to halt.

46.A vehicle moving at 60KPH on a bituminous dry surface is suddenly brought to rest by braking. The coefficient of friction can be assumed to be 0.5. calculate the distance over which the vehicle comes to a stop.

HORIZONTAL ALIGNEMENT

47.A horizontal curve is to be designed for a National Highways on plain terrain. Calculate the ruling minimum and absolute minimum radii. Make suitable assumptions

48.Calculate the super elevation to be provided for a horizontal curve with a radius of 400m for a design speed of 100kmph. On plain terrain. Comment on the results. What is the coefficient of lateral friction mobilized if super – elevation is restricted to 0.07.

49.Calculate the safe driving speed on a curve with radius 200m. the super-elevation being 0.07. is the curve meeting the standard of Major District Roads in plain terrain? If the pavement width is 7m, how much should the pavement edges be raised or depressed about the crown if the super elevation is provided by rotating about the centerline?

50.A horizontal curve on a National Highway in plain terrain on a bituminous road (high type) has a radius of 3000m. what should be the super-elevation?

51.A two-lane(7.0m wide) pavement on a National Highway has a curve of radius 400m. determine the length of transition curve making suitable assumptions.

52.A two-lane pavement (7.0m) on a National Highway in hilly terrain (snow bound) has a curve of radius 60m. the design speed is 40kmph. Determine the length of the transition curve. Determine the total length of the curve and tangent length if the deflection angle is 60°. Make suitable assumptions.

53.Calculate the extra widening necessary on a two-lane pavement for a radius of curve of 100m. assume the wheelbase of design vehicle to be 6m. Assume the design speed of 65 kmph.

54.Design a horizontal curve for a National Highway in rolling terrain. Calculate the ruling minimum and absolute minimum radii. Make suitable assumptions. [Assumptions: Design speed = 80kmph (ruling)

=65kmph (minimum) e = 0.07, µ = 0.15, Ruling radius=155m]

55.Calculate the super – elevation to be provided for a horizontal curve of radius 50m for a design speed of 40kmph. On snow-bound hilly terrain. What is the maximum super-elevation that can be provided and what will be the coefficient of friction then? Is design safe? If it is not safe, what remedy do you suggest? [Ans e = 0.14, restricted to 0.07 µ=0.18, which is greater than 0.01, hence safe. Remedy is to increase the radius or post a road sign restricting the speed]

56.Calculate the safe driving speed on a curve of radius 300m and having a super-elevation of 0.07. assume suitable values of friction. Is the curve meeting the NH standard in plain terrain? If the pavement is 7m wide how much should the outer edge be raised if super-elevation is provided by rotating about the inner edge?


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[Ans. Assume µ = 0.15,V=91.6; since minimum speed on NH is 80, curve is safe, Raise outer edge by 0.49m]

57.A National Highway located in rolling terrain has a radius of 250m. determine the length of the transition curve making suitable assumptions. ( Assumptions V = 80, e = 0.07 max, rate of attainment of e = 1 in 150, rotation of super elevation about center) [Ans. 84.7m and 80.3m, adopt 84.7m]

58.Calculate the extra width of a two-lane pavement for a National Highway in hilly terrain (steep) for a design speed of 40kmph and radius of curve of 50m. the vehicles using the road have a wheelbase of 7m. [ Ans. 1.55m]

VERTICAL ALIGNEMENT

59.Calculate the length of a summit curve for a stopping sight distance of 180m on a National Highway at the junction of an upward gradient of 1%and downward gradient of 2%. Assume height of eye of driver to be 1.2m and height of object above the roadway to be 0.15m.

60.Calculate the length of summit curve for a stopping sight distance of 180m on a National Highway at the junction of an upward gradient of 1 in 200 and a downward gradient of 1 in 200. assume the height of the object above road way to be 0.15m

61.Design a summit curve for a national highway for a stopping site distance of 100m at the junction of a rising gradient of 1-in 50 and a falling gradient of 1-in 30.Set out the curve with a chord 20m long determine the RL of the point immediately bellow the inter section point of the grade lines and also the RL of the highest point on the curve.

62.Design a summit curve for a national highway at the inter section of two gradient + 2 percent and – 2.5 percent. over taking of vehicle is to be catered to. Make suitable assumption.

63.Design a valley curve at the junction of a downward gradient of 1 in 30 and a level stretch from head light consideration. The stopping site distance is 180m. Treading the curve as a square parabola, set out the curve.

64.A sag curve is to be designed where two gradients meet. The gradients are – 2.0 % and +2.5%. the design speed is 100kmph. What is the length required (i) for stopping sight distance of 180m and (ii) for overtaking sight distance of 640m? what is the vertical distance between the Point of Vertical Intersection (PVI) and curve in either case? [ Ans: length (i) 257.7m,say 260m (ii) 1493.9m, say 1500m Vertical Distance (i) 1.14m (ii) 6.56m]

65.A sag curve is to be designed where two gradients meet. The gradients are – 2.0% and +2.5%. the design speed is 100kmph. Find the length of curve (i) for rider comfort and (ii) for headlight sight distance. The stopping sight distance is 180m [Ans (i) 80m (ii) 147m]

SIGHT DISTANCE :

66.Calculate the safe stopping distance while traveling at a speed of 80kmph.On an upward gradient of 2 percent. Make suitable assumptions.

67.Calculate the over taking sight distance as per AASHO practice for a design speed of 100kmph, making suitable assumptions. Calculate as per IRC practice.

68.A six line divided carriage wave as a curve 1000m long and radius of 500m.The safe stopping sight distance is 200m. Calculate the minimum set back distance from the inner edge of the road to the edge of a building to ensure safe visibility. The payment width per lane is 3.5m.


PAGE 68 MVJCE

INTERSECTION DESIGN 69.traffic flows in an urban section at the intersection of 2 highways in the design hour or

given below. Approach Left turning Straight ahead Right turning

Cars Com-mercial

Scooter Cars Com-mercial

Scooter Cars Com-mercial

Scooter

N 200 50 100 250 100 150 150 50 80 E 180 60 80 220 50 120 200 40 120 S 250 80 100 150 50 90 160 70 90 W 220 50 120 180 60 100 250 60 100 The highways at present intersect at right angles and have a carriageway width of 15m.Design a rotary intersection making suitable assumptions.

CIVIL ENGINEERING

scheme of teaching & examination year.pdf · highway geometric design civil 04 -- 03 25 100 125 6...

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