scaramella - future food systems - hunger for action - 2012-09-04
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‘Scenarios for Policy: Transforming Farming, Landscape and Food Systems for the 21st Century’ was a side event held at the Hunger for Action Conference: 2nd Global Conference on Agriculture, Food Security and Climate Change. This session, coordinated by the CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS) considered future policy options for the major transformative changes needed in farming, landscapes and food systems to make climate-smart agriculture a reality.TRANSCRIPT
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Future Food Systems: Policies and programs to assure food for
the poorest under climate change
Carlo Scaramella, WFP Climate Change, Environment and DRR Coordinator
2nd Global conference on Agriculture, Food Security and Climate Change Hanoi, Vietnam – 4 September, 2012
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1. Food insecurity: the most vulnerable in a changing risk environment
2. Vulnerable livelihoods’ cycle of food insecurity and poverty
3. Breaking the cycle: supporting vulnerable HHs achieve FNS and resilience
4. Can CSA work in the context of food insecurity?
5. Conclusions
Outline
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1. Food insecurity: the most vulnerable
WFP supported over 100 million people
in over 80 countries
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Most undernourished people – 75% – are farmers and pastoralists
They live in poor, marginal and degraded rural areas
They struggle to make a living on less than 1 hectare or work on other people’s fields
Often unable to produce more than 70% of food and nutrition requirements
One billion hungry people
WFP’s assists 100 million people “the bottom of the bottom billion”
Food insecurity: the most vulnerable
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A changing risk environment
Resource scarcity and degradation (land, water, food, energy, biodiversity)
Climate change, a hunger risk multiplier
Food price volatility
Intensifying disasters trends
Governance challenges, migration, conflict
Equity, poverty, development challenges
Inter-dependency and complexity of risk drivers
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Disaster and extreme weather trends
Droughts
Floods
Storms
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Price volatility 9 billion people by 2050
50-70% more food needed
Decreasing stocks and increasing demand
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Intensifying hunger risks
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1 billion hungry people at present
Towards an expanding food security challenge
People who are or may be or become vulnerable to future risks
Climate impact
Resource scarcity and degradation Food price volatility
Disasters Population growth
Conflict …
... leading to changing scenarios of food insecurity, ie, massive urbanization, further depletion of resources, new governance challenges, conflict...
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2. Back to the basics: vulnerable livelihoods’ food access
Household food access
Food aid and barter
Gathering Hunting
Own production (food or cash crop, livestock, fish farm)
Food purchases
Investments in productive
assets, inputs and technologies
Sales Cash income
Other essential non-food
expenditures (clothes, health,
education)
Non-agricultural production Trading Employment Cash
receipts Debts
incurred
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Livelihoods and food needs met
Seasonal/transitional food shortages
Household Food Availability
Vulnerable livelihoods’ cycle of food insecurity and poverty
No shortages in a good year, but little margin
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Livelihoods and food needs m
et
Major drought/shock has immediate and long term impacts
on household livelihoods
Drought Household Food
Availability
Vulnerable livelihoods’ cycle of food insecurity and poverty (cont.)
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Livelihoods and food needs m
et
Household Food Availability
Reducing quality or quantity of meals
Children drop out of school
Exacerbated land degradation
Sale or loss of assets and
negative coping
Vulnerable livelihoods’ cycle of food insecurity and poverty (cont.)
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3. Breaking the cycle: supporting vulnerable HHs achieve FNS and resilience
Livelihoods and food needs m
et
ensuring sufficient food availability through own production and functioning markets
supporting local and national resilience building strategies helping vulnerable people enhance their food and nutrition security
protecting people from seasonal shortages and disasters ensuring access to nutritious food
Household Food Availability
Drought
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4. Can CSA work in the context of food insecurity?
Food security & resilience
CSA
safety nets
risk management
insurance
social services
empower-ment
market access
…
Yes, as part of a broader approach to food systems and FNS
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Context A Context B Most vulnerable and food insecure areas
Prod
uctiv
ity
Adap
tatio
n
Miti
gatio
n
Miti
gatio
n Adap
tatio
n
Prod
uctiv
ity
Prod
uctiv
ity
Adap
tatio
n
Miti
gatio
n
CSA approaches must be context sensitive...
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CSA can add value when it supports measures that address basic FNS needs: Asset creation for livelihoods enhancement and
resilience
Affordable technologies, including ecosystem/landscape management/NRM, agro-forestry
DRM enhancement, including innovative risk transfer
Productive safety nets (for protection and incentives)
Enhanced access to land and markets
Strengthen local food systems and economies
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WFP’s experience
• FNS security, livelihoods and vulnerability focus
• Emergencies, transitions, development
• Linking Risk Management, resilience and adaptation (assets, resources and capacities)
• Productive safety nets
• NRM, land rehabilitation and reclamation (e.g. Ethiopia, Kenya, Sudan, Somalia, Uganda, Niger…)
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• Gender focus • Linking farmers to markets:
Purchase for Progress (P4P) and Home-grown school feeding
Innovative risk transfer and insurance: HARITA/ R4:
“weather-insurance-for-work” LEAP:
“climate-proofing” Ethiopia’s PSNP
WFP’s experience
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In vulnerable areas “CSA-type” approaches must be framed as part of broader FNS policy efforts that: Are people centered, community based and
supporting local resilience strategies
Address drivers of vulnerability, risk and food and nutrition insecurity
Empower communities and provide opportunities for the most vulnerable and at risk
Improve governance and enable action locally and at scale
Foster sustainable development
5. Conclusion
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Thank you.