sb1070: arizona immigration bill

8/9/2019 SB1070: Arizona Immigration Bill

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Governor Jan Brewer signs into law Senate Bill 1070 supported by law

enforcement officers from across Arizona state.

Thank You Governor Brewer for DefendingAmerica, the US Constitution and Securingthe RIGTS !" The American CITI#$%S&&

What a tremendous display of COURAGE

and LEADERSIPin signing s!"#" into la$%


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S&A&E'E(& )* ARI+O(AGO,ER(OR -A( )REWER

Thank you for being here today, to join me as wetake another step forward in protecting the stateof Arizona.

The bill Im about to sign into law !enate "ill#$%$ represents another tool for our state to useas we work to sol&e a crisis we did not create andthe federal go&ernment has refused to fi' (

( The crisis caused by illegal immigration andArizonas porous border.

This bill, the !upport )ur *aw +nforcement and!afe eighborhoods Act, strengthens the laws ofour state.


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It protects all of us, e&ery Arizona citizen ande&eryone here in our state lawfully.

And, it does so while ensuring that theconstitutional rights of A** in Arizona remainsolid - stable and steadfast.

I will now sign!enate "ill #$%$.

or weeks, this legislation has been the subject of&igorous debate and intense criticism. /ydecision to sign it was by no means made lightly.

I ha&e listened patiently to both sides. I ha&econsidered the significance of this new law longinto the night. I ha&e prayed for strength andprayed for our state.

I&e decided to sign !enate "ill #$%$ into lawbecause, though many people disagree, I firmlybelie&e it represents whats best for Arizona."order0related &iolence and crime due to illegalimmigration are critically important issues to thepeople of our state, to my Administration and tome, as your 1o&ernor and as a citizen.

There is no higher priority than protecting thecitizens of Arizona. 2e cannot sacrifice our safetyto the murderous greed of drug cartels. 2ecannot stand idly by as drop houses, kidnappings


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and &iolence compromise our 3uality of life.

2e cannot delay while the destruction happening

south of our international border creeps its waynorth.

2e in Arizona ha&e been more than patientwaiting for 2ashington to act.

"ut decades of federal inaction and misguidedpolicy ha&e created a dangerous andunacceptable situation.

4esterday, I announced the steps I was taking toenhance security along our border.

Today with my unwa&ering signature on thislegislation Arizona strengthens its security

2IT5I our borders.

*et me be clear, though6 /y signature todayrepresents my steadfast support for enforcing thelaw - both A1AI!T illegal immigration A7against racial profiling.

This legislation mirrors federal laws regardingimmigration enforcement.

7espite erroneous and misleading statementssuggesting otherwise, the new state misdemeanor


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crime of willful failure to complete or carry analien registration document is adopted, &erbatim,from the same offense found in federal statute.

I will )T tolerate racial discrimination or racialprofiling in Arizona.

"ecause I feel so strongly on this subject, Iworked for weeks with legislators to amend !"#$%$, to strengthen its ci&il rights protections.

That effort led to new language in the bill,language prohibiting law enforcement officersfrom solely considering race, color, or nationalorigin in implementing the re3uirements of thissection(8

The bill already re3uired that it shall be

implemented in a manner consistent with federallaws regulating immigration, protecting the ci&ilrights of all persons and respecting the pri&ilegesand immunities of 9nited !tates citizens.8

2hile the general protection was alreadyincluded, I belie&e the issue is so important, we

needed to make it :;4!TA* clear.

And I belie&e that we need to more than simplyinscribe it in statute.


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2ords in a law book are of no use if our policeofficers are not properly trained on the pro&isionsof !" #$%$, including its ci&il rights pro&isions.

Today I am issuing an e'ecuti&e order directingthe Arizona


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without fail to sol&e problems diligently andpractically. I ha&e done soalways with an eyetoward ci&ility, andalways with the greatest

respect for the rule of law.

This new law is no different6 As committed as I amto protecting our state from crime associated withillegal immigration I am +B9A**4 committed toholding law enforcement accountable should thisstatute e&er be misused to &iolate an indi&idualsrights.

;espect for the rule of law means respect fore&ery law. I ha&e led that way e&ery day in e&eryoffice I ha&e e&er held. That will not change.

I ha&e also spent my career in ser&ice to Arizonaworking to bring people together, no matter the

color of their skin and no matter the depth of ourdisagreements.

This bill and this issue will be no e'ception.

2hile protecting our citizens is paramount, itcannot come at the e'pense of the di&ersity that

has made Arizona so great. or can safety mean acompromise of freedom for some, while we, themany, turn a blind eye.

2e must acknowledge the truth people across


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America are watching Arizona, seeing how weimplement this law, ready to jump on e&en theslightest misstep.

!ome of those people from outside our state ha&ean interest in seeing us fail.

They will wait for a single slip0up, one mistake,and then they will work day and night to createheadlines and get the face time they sodesperately co&et.

2e cannot gi&e them that chance.

2e must use this new tool wisely, and fight forour safety with the honor Arizona deser&es.

2e must react calmly.

2e must enforce the law e&enly, and withoutregard to skin color, accent, or social status.

2e must pro&e the alarmists and the cynicswrong.

I know in my heart that this great state, my homefor more than C$ years, is up to the task.

I belie&e e&ery one of us wants to be safe, andnone of us wants to compromise on the subject of


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ci&il rights.

I belie&e we must lo&e and honor those who fight

beside us just as we must lo&e and honor thosewho look and belie&e nothing like we do.

I belie&e Arizona, like America, is go&erned bylaws.

1ood laws ( well0intentioned laws ( laws thatconfer respect and that demand respect in return.

In his third !tate of the 9nion address,


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Ari.ona State SE(A&E )ILL !"#"

- i -Senate EngrossedState of ArizonaSenate

Forty-ninth LegislatureSecond Regular Session2010!+AT+ "I** #$%$AN ACTAEN!"N# T"TLE 11$ C%A&TER '$AR"()NA RE*"SE! STAT+TES$ , A!!"N#ART"CLE ./AEN!"N# T"TLE 1$ C%A&TER 1$AR"()NA RE*"SE! STAT+TES$ , A!!"N#SECT")N
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12 23 "s a class felony if the oGensein>ol>es the use or threatened1 use of deadly =hysical force and the

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2 any other =erson ?ho is related to the=erson 9y consanguinity or aInity to2' the second degree3

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1' ,3 The attorney general shall =rescri9ea coiolation of su9section A of

this section3 The co


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1 shall 9e su9


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1 C3 "f$ after an in>estigation$ theattorney general or county attorney2 deter


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1 >iolation of this section shall 9e 9asedonly on an unauthorized alien ?ho is1 or ?as e


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0 attorney of each ne? e


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44 the a==ro=riate agencies3 For the=ur=oses of this su9di>ision$ the licenses4 that are su9Kect to sus=ension under

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1 descri9ed in su9di>ision 6c8 of this=aragra=h that are held 9y the eision on anye>idence or inforiolation$ as descri9ed

in =aragra=h of this2. su9section$ the court shall order thea==ro=riate agencies to =ero@e all licenses that are held 9y thee


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0 location ?here the unauthorized alien=erfor


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1 this su9section or section 2-212301$su9section F for that eern


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1' re9utta9le =resu


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1 T%E ,+R!EN )F &R)*"N# T%EF)LL)5"N# , CLEAR AN! C)N*"NC"N#E*"!ENCE:

2 13 T%E "!EA )F C)"TT"N# T%E*")LAT")N STARTE! 5"T% LA5ENF)RCEENT )FF"CERS )R T%E"R A#ENTS RAT%ERT%AN 5"T% T%E E&L)ER34 23 T%E LA5 ENF)RCEENT )FF"CERS)R T%E"R A#ENTS +R#E! AN! "N!+CE!T%E E&L)ER T) C)"T T%E *")LAT")N3 3 T%E E&L)ER 5AS N)T&RE!"S&)SE! T) C)"T T%E *")LAT")N,EF)RE T%E' LA5 ENF)RCEENT )FF"CERS )RT%E"R A#ENTS +R#E! AN! "N!+CE! T%EE&L)ER T)

. C)"T T%E *")LAT")N3 L3 AN E&L)ER !)ES N)T ESTA,L"S%ENTRA&ENT "F T%E E&L)ER 5AS40 &RE!"S&)SE! T) *")LATES+,SECT")N A )F T%"S SECT")N AN! T%ELA5 ENF)RCEENT41 )FF"CERS )R T%E"R A#ENTS EREL

&R)*"!E! T%E E&L)ER 5"T% AN)&&)RT+N"T T)42 C)"T T%E *")LAT")N3 "T "S N)TENTRA&ENT F)R LA5 ENF)RCEENT)FF"CERS )R


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4 T%E"R A#ENTS EREL T) +SE A R+SE)R T) C)NCEAL T%E"R "!ENT"T3 T%EC)N!+CT

44 )F LA5 ENF)RCEENT )FF"CERS AN!T%E"R A#ENTS A ,E C)NS"!ERE! "N!ETER"N"N#4 "F AN E&L)ER %AS &R)*ENENTRA&ENT3S3,3 10'0- 10 -1 Sec3 '3 Section 2-212301$ ArizonaRe>ised Statutes$ is a


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11 ?ith a =erson ?ho e


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2 attorney general or county attorneyshall not in>estigate co


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guilty of a class


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. su9section A of this section that occurs9efore anuary 1$ 200.3 A second >iolation of this section shall 9e 9ased

only on an unauthorized alien ?ho is10 or ?as eiolation ofsu9section A of this section:1 13 For a ;rst >iolation$ as descri9ed in=aragra=h of this1' su9section$ the court shall:

1. 6a8 )rder the e


46/105

24 e8 The duration of the >iolation3

. 6>i8 The role of the directors$ oIcersor =rinci=als of the eiolation340 6>ii8 Any other factors the court dee


47/105

41 6d8 )rder the eit ?ith the42 county attorney3 The aIda>it shall

state that the eision are all licenses that are. held 9y the e


48/105

alien =erfor


49/105

24 alien =erfor


50/105

40 recei>ed =ursuant to su9section F ofthis section and shall iolation42 of su9section A of this section andaila9le on the4 attorney generalBs ?e9site344 %3 )n deter


51/105

unauthorized alien310 3 For the =ur=oses of this section$ ane


52/105

22 T%E ,+R!EN )F &R)*"N# T%EF)LL)5"N# , CLEAR AN! C)N*"NC"N#E*"!ENCE:

2 13 T%E "!EA )F C)"TT"N# T%E*")LAT")N STARTE! 5"T% LA5ENF)RCEENT24 )FF"CERS )R T%E"R A#ENTS RAT%ERT%AN 5"T% T%E E&L)ER32 23 T%E LA5 ENF)RCEENT )FF"CERS)R T%E"R A#ENTS +R#E! AN! "N!+CE!T%E2 E&L)ER T) C)"T T%E *")LAT")N32' 3 T%E E&L)ER 5AS N)T&RE!"S&)SE! T) C)"T T%E *")LAT")N,EF)RE T%E2. LA5 ENF)RCEENT )FF"CERS )RT%E"R A#ENTS +R#E! AN! "N!+CE! T%EE&L)ER T)

2 C)"T T%E *")LAT")N30 L3 AN E&L)ER !)ES N)T ESTA,L"S%ENTRA&ENT "F T%E E&L)ER 5AS1 &RE!"S&)SE! T) *")LATES+,SECT")N A )F T%"S SECT")N AN! T%ELA5 ENF)RCEENT2 )FF"CERS )R T%E"R A#ENTS EREL

&R)*"!E! T%E E&L)ER 5"T% AN)&&)RT+N"T T) C)"T T%E *")LAT")N3 "T "S N)TENTRA&ENT F)R LA5 ENF)RCEENT)FF"CERS )R


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4 T%E"R A#ENTS EREL T) +SE A R+SE)R T) C)NCEAL T%E"R "!ENT"T3 T%EC)N!+CT

)F LA5 ENF)RCEENT )FF"CERS AN!T%E"R A#ENTS A ,E C)NS"!ERE! "N!ETER"N"N# "F AN E&L)ER %AS &R)*ENENTRA&ENT3' Sec3 .3 Section 2-214$ ArizonaRe>ised Statutes$ is a


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2 econoelo=e fro< ago>ernern


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1 Se=teo@ed for any1 reason3


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2 23 The =erson has not e>er 9een issueda >alid dri>er license or =eridence of e>er ha>ing4 a >alid dri>er license or =er


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4 %AS C)E T)$ %AS ENTERE! )RREA"NS "N T%E +N"TE! STATES "N*")LAT")N )F LA53

S3,3 10'0- 1 -1 ,3 A =eace oIcer shall cause thereal and iehicle and if all of the follo?ing a==ly:4 13 The =ersonBs dri>ing =ri>ilege iscanceled$ sus=ended or re>o@ed for any reason or the =erson has note>er 9een issued a dri>er license or =eridence of e>er ha>ing' a dri>er license or =erol>ed in an accident11 that results in either =ro=erty daided in su9section !of this section$ ?hile a =eace


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14 oIcer has control of the >ehicle the=eace oIcer shall cause the real1 and either iiolation of1' section 4-244$ =aragra=h 4 or section2.-1.2 or 2.-1.31. !3 A =eace oIcer shall not cause thereal and either the1 i


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0 releasing su9stance containing a toicsu9stance or any coa=or releasing

su9stances32 6c8 !oes not ha>e any s=irituous liJuorin the s=ouseBs 9ody if the s=ouse is under t?enty-one years ofage34 43 The s=ouse noti;es the =eace oIcerthat the s=ouse ?ill dri>e the >ehicle fro< the =lace of arrest tothe dri>erBs ho


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4 i


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12 ,E +SE! F)R #AN# AN! ""#RAT")NENF)RCEENT AN! F)R C)+NT A"L1 RE",+RSEENT C)STS RELAT"N# T)

"LLE#AL ""#RAT")N314 Sec3 113 Se>era9ility$ i


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*****

Ari.ona Go/ernor )re$er Signs Immigration

Enfor0ement )ill

PHOENIX(AP) - Gov. Jan re!er i"nore# criticism $romPresi#ent arack %&ama on 'ri#a an# si"ne# into a! a

&i supporters sai# !ou# take han#cu$$s o$$ poice in

#eain" !ith ie"a immi"ration inArizona,the nations&usiest "ate!a $or human an# #ru" smu""in" $rom

Mexico.

+ith hun#re#s o$ protesters outsi#e the state ,apito

shoutin" that the &i !ou# ea# to civi ri"hts a&usesre!er sai# critics !ere overreactin" an# that she

!ou#nt toerate racia pro$iin".

+e inArizonahave &een more than patient !aitin" $orWashingtonto act re!er sai# a$ter si"nin" the a!.
http://get.lingospot.com/link/?@li2=11086&is_lhid=1&key=SVKEJENJ&ps_id=9aheya2GUe&q=QQ:lqOTqjptCQ_AH%5B@D@@PORJJOGID.HIBBAIADZSZSBOBPI.HGPPSGHPAHVOqptJ:pnCDOqmj_J:pnCASO4aJm8CDDDRA:PDDKVV&section_key=&site_id=breitbart.com&url=http%3A%2F%2Ftopics.breitbart.com%2FPhoenix%2F&url_key=_TaCUO0CGIISH__ADK&v=1&~boot=1272164074811http://topics.breitbart.com/Arizona/http://topics.breitbart.com/Mexico/http://topics.breitbart.com/Arizona/http://topics.breitbart.com/Washington/http://get.lingospot.com/link/?@li2=11086&is_lhid=1&key=SVKEJENJ&ps_id=9aheya2GUe&q=QQ:lqOTqjptCQ_AH%5B@D@@PORJJOGID.HIBBAIADZSZSBOBPI.HGPPSGHPAHVOqptJ:pnCDOqmj_J:pnCASO4aJm8CDDDRA:PDDKVV&section_key=&site_id=breitbart.com&url=http%3A%2F%2Ftopics.breitbart.com%2FPhoenix%2F&url_key=_TaCUO0CGIISH__ADK&v=1&~boot=1272164074811http://topics.breitbart.com/Arizona/http://topics.breitbart.com/Mexico/http://topics.breitbart.com/Arizona/http://topics.breitbart.com/Washington/


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ut #eca#es o$ inaction an# mis"ui#e# poic have create#

a #an"erous an# unaccepta&e situation.

arier 'ri#a %&ama cae# theArizona&i mis"ui#e#an# instructe# the ustice !e"art#entto e0amine it to seei$ its e"a. 1e aso sai# the $e#era "overnment must enact

i##igration re$or#at the nationa eveor eave the#oor open to irresponsi&iit & others.

hat incu#es $or e0ampe the recent e$$orts inArizona,!hich threaten to un#ermine &asic notions o$ $airness that

!e cherish as Americans as !e as the trust &et!eenpoice an# their communities that is so crucia to keepin" us

sa$e %&ama sai#.

he e"isation sent to the 4epu&ican "overnor & the

%OP&'e( )egis'ature,makes it a crime un#er state a! to&e in the countr ie"a. 5t aso reuires oca poice

o$$icers to uestion peope a&out their i##igration status

i$ there is reason to suspect the are ie"a immi"rants7ao!s a!suits a"ainst "overnment a"encies that hin#er

en$orcement o$ i##igration 'a*s+an# makes it ie"a tohire ie"a immi"rants $or (ay 'aoror kno!in"transport them.

he a! sen#s a cear messa"e thatArizonais un$rien#to un#ocumente# aiens sai# Peter -"iro,a empe

8niversit a! pro$essor an# author o$ the &ook eon#,itizenship: American 5#entit A$ter Go&aization.

re!er si"ne# the &i in a state au#itorium a&out a mie

$rom the ,apito compe0 !here some 2999 #emonstrators
http://topics.breitbart.com/Arizona/http://topics.breitbart.com/Justice+Department/http://topics.breitbart.com/immigration+reform/http://topics.breitbart.com/Arizona/http://topics.breitbart.com/GOP-led+Legislature/http://topics.breitbart.com/immigration+status/http://topics.breitbart.com/immigration+laws/http://topics.breitbart.com/day+labor/http://topics.breitbart.com/Arizona/http://topics.breitbart.com/Peter+Spiro/http://topics.breitbart.com/Arizona/http://topics.breitbart.com/Justice+Department/http://topics.breitbart.com/immigration+reform/http://topics.breitbart.com/Arizona/http://topics.breitbart.com/GOP-led+Legislature/http://topics.breitbart.com/immigration+status/http://topics.breitbart.com/immigration+laws/http://topics.breitbart.com/day+labor/http://topics.breitbart.com/Arizona/http://topics.breitbart.com/Peter+Spiro/


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&ooe# count -u"erisor Mary /ose Wi'cox!hen sheannounce# that the "overnor #i# not isten to our praers.

5ts "oin" to chan"e our ives sai# E#i'io A'#o(oar,a3-ear-o# American citizen $rom Phoenix.+e cant!ak to schoo an more. +e cant &e in the streets anmore

!ithout the pi"s thinkin" !ere ie"a immi"rants.

he ;e0icanA#erican )ega' !e$ense an( E(ucation0un(sai# it pans a e"a chaen"e to the a! ar"uin" itaunchesArizonainto a spira o$ pervasive $ear

communit #istrust increase# crime an# cost iti"ation!ith nation!i#e repercussions.

Mexicohas !arne# the proposa cou# a$$ect cross-&or#erreations. %n hurs#a Mexico1s-enateunanimouspasse# a resoution ur"in" re!er to veto the a!.

Poice inArizonaarea# treat mi"rants !orse than

animas sai# 0rancisco )oureiro,an activist !ho runs ami"rant sheter in the &or#er to!n o$ Noga'es,Mexico.here is area# a hunt $or mi"rants an# no! it !i &e

open season un#er the cover o$ a a!.

he &i !i take e$$ect in ate Ju or ear Au"ust an#

re!er or#ere# the states 'a* en$orce#enticensin"a"enc to #eveop a trainin" course on ho! to impement it

!ithout vioatin" civi ri"hts.

+e must en$orce the a! even an# !ithout re"ar# to

skin coor accent or socia status she sai#. +e must

prove the aarmists an# the cnics !ron".
http://topics.breitbart.com/Supervisor+Mary+Rose+Wilcox/http://topics.breitbart.com/Emilio+Almodovar/http://topics.breitbart.com/Phoenix/http://topics.breitbart.com/American+Legal+Defense+and+Education+Fund/http://topics.breitbart.com/American+Legal+Defense+and+Education+Fund/http://topics.breitbart.com/Arizona/http://topics.breitbart.com/Mexico/http://topics.breitbart.com/Mexico/http://topics.breitbart.com/Senate/http://topics.breitbart.com/Arizona/http://topics.breitbart.com/Francisco+Loureiro/http://topics.breitbart.com/Nogales/http://topics.breitbart.com/Mexico/http://topics.breitbart.com/law+enforcement/http://topics.breitbart.com/Supervisor+Mary+Rose+Wilcox/http://topics.breitbart.com/Emilio+Almodovar/http://topics.breitbart.com/Phoenix/http://topics.breitbart.com/American+Legal+Defense+and+Education+Fund/http://topics.breitbart.com/American+Legal+Defense+and+Education+Fund/http://topics.breitbart.com/Arizona/http://topics.breitbart.com/Mexico/http://topics.breitbart.com/Mexico/http://topics.breitbart.com/Senate/http://topics.breitbart.com/Arizona/http://topics.breitbart.com/Francisco+Loureiro/http://topics.breitbart.com/Nogales/http://topics.breitbart.com/Mexico/http://topics.breitbart.com/law+enforcement/


65/105

re!er !ho $aces a tou"h eection &atte an# "ro!in"

an"er in the state over ie"a immi"rants sai# the a!

protects everArizonacitizen.

Anti-immi"rant an"er has s!ee# in the past month a$terrancher /o 2rentz!as $oun# #ea# on his an# north o$!oug'as,near the Mexico&or#er. Authorities &eieve he!as $ata shot & an ie"a immi"rant possi& connecte#

to a #ru" smu""in" carte.

Arizonahas an estimate# . $rom Mexico.

3.-. /e". /au' %ri4a'a,a ?emocrat sai# he cose# hisArizonao$$ices at noon 'ri#a a$ter his sta$$ in @uma an#ucson !ere $oo#e# !ith cas this !eek some $rom

peope threatenin" vioent acts an# shoutin" racia surs. 1e

cae# on &usinesses an# "roups ookin" $or convention an#meetin" ocations to &ocottArizona.

he &is 4epu&ican sponsor state 4ep. 4usse Pearce o$

Mesa,sai# %&ama an# other critics o$ the &i !erea"ainst a! en$orcement our citizens an# the rue o$ a!.

Pearce sai# the e"isation !ou# remove poitica

han#cu$$s $rom poice an# hep #rive ie"a immi"rants$rom the state.

5e"a is ie"a sai# Pearce a #rivin" $orce on the issue

inArizona.+e have ess crime. +e have o!er ta0es.
http://topics.breitbart.com/Arizona/http://topics.breitbart.com/Rob+Krentz/http://topics.breitbart.com/Douglas/http://topics.breitbart.com/Mexico/http://topics.breitbart.com/Arizona/http://topics.breitbart.com/Mexico/http://topics.breitbart.com/U.S.+Rep.+Raul+Grijalva/http://topics.breitbart.com/Arizona/http://topics.breitbart.com/Arizona/http://topics.breitbart.com/Mesa/http://topics.breitbart.com/Arizona/http://topics.breitbart.com/Arizona/http://topics.breitbart.com/Rob+Krentz/http://topics.breitbart.com/Douglas/http://topics.breitbart.com/Mexico/http://topics.breitbart.com/Arizona/http://topics.breitbart.com/Mexico/http://topics.breitbart.com/U.S.+Rep.+Raul+Grijalva/http://topics.breitbart.com/Arizona/http://topics.breitbart.com/Arizona/http://topics.breitbart.com/Mesa/http://topics.breitbart.com/Arizona/


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+e have sa$er nei"h&orhoo#s. +e have shorter ines in

the e#ergency roo#s.+e have smaer cassrooms.

http://!!!.&reit&art.com/artice.phpBi#C?D'D2E599Fsho!articeC

'

&e1t of !"thAmendment of the US Constitution2

The powers not delegated to the

United States by the Constitution,

nor prohibited by it to the States, are

reserved to the States respectively, or

to the people.
http://topics.breitbart.com/emergency+rooms/http://www.breitbart.com/article.php?id=D9F92NI00&show_article=1http://www.breitbart.com/article.php?id=D9F92NI00&show_article=1http://topics.breitbart.com/emergency+rooms/http://www.breitbart.com/article.php?id=D9F92NI00&show_article=1


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this amen#ment:

Propose# D/2H/ID

4ati$ie# 2/H/ID

Definition of TENTH AMENDMENT

he enth Amen#ment provi#es that he po!ers not

#ee"ate# to the 8nite# >tates & the ,onstitution nor

prohi&ite# & it to the >tates are reserve# to the >tates

respectiveor to the peope. 8.>. ,onst. amen#. K. As ate0tua matter there$ore the enth Amen#ment states &ut a truismthat a is retaine# !hich has not &een surren#ere#. 8nite# >tates

v. ?ar& 32 8.>. 99 2< (Dtates. Ee! @ork v.

8nite# >tates H9H 8.>.


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>econ# ,on"ress ma con#ition the "rant o$ $e#era $un#s on the

>tates takin" "overnmenta action #esire# & ,on"ress. >outh

?akota v. ?oe . 293 (DI).

>tate =u#icia an# a#ministrative &o#ies ma &e reuire# to app$e#era a!. esta v. Latt 339 8.>. 36 (D


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!as the ,ourts concusion a$ter revie!in" the #e&ates at the time

o$ the $oun#in" o$ the ,onstitution:

+e have a!as un#erstoo# that even !here ,on"ress has the

authorit un#er the ,onstitution to pass a!s reuirin" orprohi&itin" certain acts it acks the po!er #irect to compe the

>tates to reuire or prohi&it those acts. .". '4, v. ;ississippi. .

. . he aocation o$ po!er containe# in the ,ommerce ,ause $or

e0ampe authorizes ,on"ress to re"uate interstate commerce

#irect7 it #oes not authorize ,on"ress to re"uate state

"overnments re"uation o$ interstate commerce. 5#. at 66.

%ther #ecisions o$ the >upreme ,ourt have reco"nize# this

proposition that the $e#era "overnment cannot coerce >tates into

per$ormin" the utimate soverei"n acts o$ e"isatin" or

re"uatin" in a manner speci$ie# & the $e#era "overnment. 5n

Mir"inia >ur$ace ;inin" the ,ourt note# that the provision o$ an

aternative o$ $e#era re"uation ren#ere# $e#era stan#ar#s $or state

re"uation permissi&e7 &ecause the >tate ha# a constitutiona

option there can &e no su""estion that the Act comman#eers the

e"isative processes & #irect compein" them to enact an#

en$orce a $e#era re"uator pro"ram. Mir"inia >ur$ace ;inin". at 2 (emphasis a##e#). >imiar 5n '4, v.

;ississippi the ,ourt note# that the $e#era comman# that the

>tate consi#er $e#era aternatives !as constitutiona &ecause

NtOhere is nothin" in P84PA #irect compein" the >tates to

enact a e"isative pro"ram. '4, v. ;ississippi . at I6H.

NOhe etiuette o$ $e#eraism has &een vioate# & a $orma

comman# $rom the Eationa Government #irectin" the >tate to

enact a certain poic c$. Ee! @ork. 8nite# >tates v. opez H

>.,t. 62


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instructions vioate the enth Amen#ment as interprete# & Ee!

@ork).

here are "oo# reasons $or $ocusin" enth Amem#ment concern on

$e#era coercion o$ a >tates enactment o$ e"isation or re"uationsor creation o$ an a#ministrative pro"ram. hese activities are

inherent centra acts o$ a soverei"n7 i$ an area o$ state activit is

to &e protecte# $rom #irect coercion & an impication #ra!n $rom

the enth Amen#ment e"isatin" an# re"uatin" are prime

can#i#ates. NOhe po!er to make #ecisions an# to set poic is

!hat "ives the >tate its soverei"n nature. '4, v. ;ississippi

. at I6. here is a secon# reason aso emphasize# in

Ee! @ork itse$. ?emocratic "overnments must &e poiticaaccounta&e. +hen the $e#era "overnment reuires the >tates to

enact e"isation the enacte# e"isation is state e"isation. hus it

!i ike &e state o$$icias !ho !i &ear the &runt o$ pu&ic

#isapprova !hie the $e#era o$$icias !ho #evise# the re"uator

pro"ram ma remain insuate# $rom the eectora rami$ications o$

their #ecision. Ee! @ork H9H 8.>. at 6D. +hen the $e#era

"overnment itse$ imposes a reuirement on a state o$$icia the

reuirement is more cear an act o$ the $e#era "overnment an#

thus #oes not to the same e0tent un#ermine poiticaaccounta&iit.

he enth Amen#ment vie! espouse# in Lentuck v. ?ennison 6H

8.>. (2< 1o!.) 66 9I (6) overrue# & Puerto 4ico v.

ransta# . 2D (DI) !as that the 'e#era Government .

. . has no po!er to impose on a >tate o$$icer as such an #ut

!hatsoever . . . . >ee ro!n H2 '.2# at upreme

,ourt has ma#e cear the vie! espouse# in Lentuck v. ?ennisonis no on"er representative o$ the a!. '4, . at I6.


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33333

The 9nited !tates :onstitution

Contents

Pream&e

Artice - he e"isative ranch

o >ection - he e"isature

o >ection 2 - he 1ouse

o

>ection 3 - he >enateo >ection < - ections ;eetin"s

o >ection H - ;em&ership 4ues Journas A#=ournment

o >ection 6 - ,ompensation

o >ection I - 4evenue is e"isative Process

Presi#entia Meto
http://www.usconstitution.net/const.html#Preamblehttp://www.usconstitution.net/const.html#Article1http://www.usconstitution.net/const.html#A1Sec1http://www.usconstitution.net/const.html#A1Sec2http://www.usconstitution.net/const.html#A1Sec3http://www.usconstitution.net/const.html#A1Sec4http://www.usconstitution.net/const.html#A1Sec5http://www.usconstitution.net/const.html#A1Sec6http://www.usconstitution.net/const.html#A1Sec7http://www.usconstitution.net/const.html#A1Sec7http://www.usconstitution.net/const.html#Preamblehttp://www.usconstitution.net/const.html#Article1http://www.usconstitution.net/const.html#A1Sec1http://www.usconstitution.net/const.html#A1Sec2http://www.usconstitution.net/const.html#A1Sec3http://www.usconstitution.net/const.html#A1Sec4http://www.usconstitution.net/const.html#A1Sec5http://www.usconstitution.net/const.html#A1Sec6http://www.usconstitution.net/const.html#A1Sec7http://www.usconstitution.net/const.html#A1Sec7


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o >ection - Po!ers o$ ,on"ress

o >ection D - imits on ,on"ress

o >ection 9 - Po!ers Prohi&ite# o$ >tates

Artice 2 - he 0ecutive ranch

o >ection - he Presi#ento >ection 2 - ,iviian Po!er over ;iitar ,a&inet

Par#on Po!er Appointments

o >ection 3 - >tate o$ the 8nion ,onvenin" ,on"ress

o >ection < - ?isuai$ication

Artice 3 - he Ju#icia ranch

o >ection - Ju#icia Po!ers

o >ection 2 - ria & Jur %ri"ina Juris#iction Jur

riaso >ection 3 - reason

Artice < - he >tates

o >ection - ach >tate to 1onor A %thers

o >ection 2 - >tate ,itizens 0tra#ition

o >ection 3 - Ee! >tates

o >ection < - 4epu&ican Government

Artice H - Amen#ment

Artice 6 - ?e&ts >upremac %aths Artice I - 4ati$ication

>i"natories

Amen#ments

o Amen#ment - 'ree#om o$ 4ei"ion Press 0pression

o Amen#ment 2 - 4i"ht to ear Arms

o Amen#ment 3 - Quarterin" o$ >o#iers

o Amen#ment < - >earch an# >eizure

o Amen#ment H - ria an# Punishment ,ompensation

$or akin"so Amen#ment 6 - 4i"ht to >pee# ria ,on$rontation o$

+itnesses

o Amen#ment I - ria & Jur in ,ivi ,ases

o Amen#ment - ,rue an# 8nusua Punishment

o Amen#ment D - ,onstruction o$ ,onstitution
http://www.usconstitution.net/const.html#A1Sec8http://www.usconstitution.net/const.html#A1Sec9http://www.usconstitution.net/const.html#A1Sec10http://www.usconstitution.net/const.html#Article2http://www.usconstitution.net/const.html#A2Sec1http://www.usconstitution.net/const.html#A2Sec2http://www.usconstitution.net/const.html#A2Sec2http://www.usconstitution.net/const.html#A2Sec3http://www.usconstitution.net/const.html#A2Sec4http://www.usconstitution.net/const.html#Article3http://www.usconstitution.net/const.html#A3Sec1http://www.usconstitution.net/const.html#A3Sec2http://www.usconstitution.net/const.html#A3Sec2http://www.usconstitution.net/const.html#A3Sec3http://www.usconstitution.net/const.html#Article4http://www.usconstitution.net/const.html#A4Sec1http://www.usconstitution.net/const.html#A4Sec2http://www.usconstitution.net/const.html#A4Sec3http://www.usconstitution.net/const.html#A4Sec4http://www.usconstitution.net/const.html#Article5http://www.usconstitution.net/const.html#Article6http://www.usconstitution.net/const.html#Article7http://www.usconstitution.net/const.html#Sigshttp://www.usconstitution.net/const.html#Amendshttp://www.usconstitution.net/const.html#Am1http://www.usconstitution.net/const.html#Am2http://www.usconstitution.net/const.html#Am3http://www.usconstitution.net/const.html#Am4http://www.usconstitution.net/const.html#Am5http://www.usconstitution.net/const.html#Am5http://www.usconstitution.net/const.html#Am6http://www.usconstitution.net/const.html#Am6http://www.usconstitution.net/const.html#Am7http://www.usconstitution.net/const.html#Am8http://www.usconstitution.net/const.html#Am9http://www.usconstitution.net/const.html#A1Sec8http://www.usconstitution.net/const.html#A1Sec9http://www.usconstitution.net/const.html#A1Sec10http://www.usconstitution.net/const.html#Article2http://www.usconstitution.net/const.html#A2Sec1http://www.usconstitution.net/const.html#A2Sec2http://www.usconstitution.net/const.html#A2Sec2http://www.usconstitution.net/const.html#A2Sec3http://www.usconstitution.net/const.html#A2Sec4http://www.usconstitution.net/const.html#Article3http://www.usconstitution.net/const.html#A3Sec1http://www.usconstitution.net/const.html#A3Sec2http://www.usconstitution.net/const.html#A3Sec2http://www.usconstitution.net/const.html#A3Sec3http://www.usconstitution.net/const.html#Article4http://www.usconstitution.net/const.html#A4Sec1http://www.usconstitution.net/const.html#A4Sec2http://www.usconstitution.net/const.html#A4Sec3http://www.usconstitution.net/const.html#A4Sec4http://www.usconstitution.net/const.html#Article5http://www.usconstitution.net/const.html#Article6http://www.usconstitution.net/const.html#Article7http://www.usconstitution.net/const.html#Sigshttp://www.usconstitution.net/const.html#Amendshttp://www.usconstitution.net/const.html#Am1http://www.usconstitution.net/const.html#Am2http://www.usconstitution.net/const.html#Am3http://www.usconstitution.net/const.html#Am4http://www.usconstitution.net/const.html#Am5http://www.usconstitution.net/const.html#Am5http://www.usconstitution.net/const.html#Am6http://www.usconstitution.net/const.html#Am6http://www.usconstitution.net/const.html#Am7http://www.usconstitution.net/const.html#Am8http://www.usconstitution.net/const.html#Am9


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o Amen#ment 9 - Po!ers o$ the >tates an# Peope

o Amen#ment - Ju#icia imits

o Amen#ment 2 - ,hoosin" the Presi#ent Mice

Presi#ent

o Amen#ment 3 - >aver A&oishe#o Amen#ment < - ,itizenship 4i"hts

o Amen#ment H - 4ace Eo ar to Mote

o Amen#ment 6 - >tatus o$ 5ncome a0 ,ari$ie#

o Amen#ment I - >enators ecte# & Popuar Mote

o Amen#ment - iuor A&oishe#

o Amen#ment D - +omens >u$$ra"e

o Amen#ment 29 - Presi#entia ,on"ressiona erms

o Amen#ment 2 - Amen#ment 4epeae#o Amen#ment 22 - Presi#entia erm imits

o Amen#ment 23 - Presi#entia Mote $or ?istrict o$

,oum&ia

o Amen#ment 2< - Po a0es arre#

o Amen#ment 2H - Presi#entia ?isa&iit an# >uccession

o Amen#ment 26 - Motin" A"e >et to @ears

o Amen#ment 2I - imitin" ,on"ressiona Pa 5ncreases

The Constitution of the United States

PreamleNote

+e the Peope o$ the 8nite# >tates in %r#er to $orm a more

per$ect 8nion esta&ish Justice insure #omestic ranuiit

provi#e $or the common #e$ence promote the "enera +e$are an#

secure the essin"s o$ i&ert to ourseves an# our Posterit #oor#ainan# esta&ish this ,onstitution $or the 8nite# >tates o$

America.
http://www.usconstitution.net/const.html#Am10http://www.usconstitution.net/const.html#Am11http://www.usconstitution.net/const.html#Am12http://www.usconstitution.net/const.html#Am12http://www.usconstitution.net/const.html#Am13http://www.usconstitution.net/const.html#Am14http://www.usconstitution.net/const.html#Am15http://www.usconstitution.net/const.html#Am16http://www.usconstitution.net/const.html#Am17http://www.usconstitution.net/const.html#Am18http://www.usconstitution.net/const.html#Am19http://www.usconstitution.net/const.html#Am20http://www.usconstitution.net/const.html#Am21http://www.usconstitution.net/const.html#Am22http://www.usconstitution.net/const.html#Am23http://www.usconstitution.net/const.html#Am23http://www.usconstitution.net/const.html#Am24http://www.usconstitution.net/const.html#Am25http://www.usconstitution.net/const.html#Am26http://www.usconstitution.net/const.html#Am27http://www.usconstitution.net/consttop_pre.htmlhttp://www.usconstitution.net/glossary.html#DOMTRANhttp://www.usconstitution.net/constmiss.htmlhttp://www.usconstitution.net/glossary.html#WELFAREhttp://www.usconstitution.net/glossary.html#POSTERITYhttp://www.usconstitution.net/glossary.html#ORDAINhttp://www.usconstitution.net/const.html#Am10http://www.usconstitution.net/const.html#Am11http://www.usconstitution.net/const.html#Am12http://www.usconstitution.net/const.html#Am12http://www.usconstitution.net/const.html#Am13http://www.usconstitution.net/const.html#Am14http://www.usconstitution.net/const.html#Am15http://www.usconstitution.net/const.html#Am16http://www.usconstitution.net/const.html#Am17http://www.usconstitution.net/const.html#Am18http://www.usconstitution.net/const.html#Am19http://www.usconstitution.net/const.html#Am20http://www.usconstitution.net/const.html#Am21http://www.usconstitution.net/const.html#Am22http://www.usconstitution.net/const.html#Am23http://www.usconstitution.net/const.html#Am23http://www.usconstitution.net/const.html#Am24http://www.usconstitution.net/const.html#Am25http://www.usconstitution.net/const.html#Am26http://www.usconstitution.net/const.html#Am27http://www.usconstitution.net/consttop_pre.htmlhttp://www.usconstitution.net/glossary.html#DOMTRANhttp://www.usconstitution.net/constmiss.htmlhttp://www.usconstitution.net/glossary.html#WELFAREhttp://www.usconstitution.net/glossary.html#POSTERITYhttp://www.usconstitution.net/glossary.html#ORDAIN


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Arti0le I 4 &he Legislati/e )ran0hNote

Se0tion ! 4 &he Legislature

A e"isative Po!ers herein "rante# sha &e veste# in a ,on"resso$ the 8nite# >tates !hich sha consist o$ a >enate an# 1ouse o$

4epresentatives.

Se0tion 5 4 &he 6ouse

he 1ouse o$ 4epresentatives sha &e compose# o$ ;em&ers

chosen ever secon# @ear & the Peope o$ the severa >tates an#

the ectors in each >tate sha have the Quai$ications reuisite $or

ectors o$ the most numerous ranch o$ the >tate e"isature.

Eo Person sha &e a 4epresentative !ho sha not have attaine# to

the A"e o$ t!ent $ive @ears an# &een seven @ears a ,itizen o$ the

8nite# >tates an# !ho sha not !hen eecte# &e an 5nha&itant o$

that >tate in !hich he sha &e chosen.

(Representatives and direct Taxes shall be apportionedamong the

several States which may be included within this Union, according

to their respective Numbers, which shall be determined by addingto the whole Number of free Persons, including those bound to

Service for a Term of ears, and excluding !ndians not taxed, three

fifths of all other Persons"#7&he pre/ious senten0e in

parentheses $as modified y the !8th Amendment9 se0tion 5%:

he actua numerationsha &e ma#e !ithin three @ears a$ter the

$irst ;eetin" o$ the ,on"ress o$ the 8nite# >tates an# !ithin

ever su&seuent erm o$ ten @ears in such ;anner as the sha

& a! #irect. he Eum&er o$ 4epresentatives sha not e0cee#one $or ever thirt housan# &ut each >tate sha have at east

one 4epresentative7 an# unti such enumerationsha &e ma#e the

>tate o$ Ee! 1ampshire sha &e entite# to chusethree

;assachusetts ei"ht 4ho#e 5san# an# Provi#ence Pantations one

,onnecticut $ive Ee! @ork si0 Ee! Jerse $our Pennsvania
http://www.usconstitution.net/consttop_sepp.htmlhttp://www.usconstitution.net/glossary.html#APPORTIONMENThttp://www.usconstitution.net/const.html#Am14S2http://www.usconstitution.net/glossary.html#ENUMERATEhttp://www.usconstitution.net/glossary.html#ENUMERATEhttp://www.usconstitution.net/constmiss.htmlhttp://www.usconstitution.net/consttop_sepp.htmlhttp://www.usconstitution.net/glossary.html#APPORTIONMENThttp://www.usconstitution.net/const.html#Am14S2http://www.usconstitution.net/glossary.html#ENUMERATEhttp://www.usconstitution.net/glossary.html#ENUMERATEhttp://www.usconstitution.net/constmiss.html


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ei"ht ?ea!are one ;aran# si0 Mir"inia ten Eorth ,aroina

$ive >outh ,aroina $ive an# Geor"ia three.

+hen vacancies happen in the 4epresentation $rom an >tate the

0ecutive Authorit thereo$ sha issue +rits o$ ection to $isuch Macancies.

he 1ouse o$ 4epresentatives sha chusetheir >peaker an# other

%$$icers7 an# sha have the soe Po!er o$ 5mpeachment.

Se0tion ; 4 &he Senate

he >enate o$ the 8nite# >tates sha &e compose# o$ t!o >enators

$rom each >tate (chosen by the $egislature thereof,#7&hepre0eding $ords in parentheses superseded y !#th

Amendment9 se0tion !%:$or si0 @ears7 an# each >enator sha have

one Mote.

5mme#iate a$ter the sha &e assem&e# in ,onseuence o$ the

$irst ection the sha &e #ivi#e# as eua as ma &e into three

,asses. he >eats o$ the >enators o$ the $irst ,ass sha &e

vacate# at the 0piration o$ the secon# @ear o$ the secon# ,ass at

the 0piration o$ the $ourth @ear an# o$ the thir# ,ass at the

0piration o$ the si0th @ear so that one thir# ma &e chosen ever

secon# @ear7 (and if %acancies happen by Resignation, or

otherwise, during the Recess of the $egislature of any State, the

&xecutive thereof may ma'e temporary ppointments until the next

)eeting of the $egislature, which shall then fill such %acancies"#

7&he pre0eding $ords in parentheses $ere superseded y the

!#th Amendment9 se0tion 5%:

Eo person sha &e a >enator !ho sha not have attaine# to the

A"e o$ thirt @ears an# &een nine @ears a ,itizen o$ the 8nite#

>tates an# !ho sha not !hen eecte# &e an 5nha&itant o$ that

>tate $or !hich he sha &e chosen.
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he Mice Presi#ent o$ the 8nite# >tates sha &e Presi#ent o$ the

>enate &ut sha have no Mote uness the &e eua #ivi#e#.

he >enate sha chusetheir other %$$icers an# aso a Presi#ent

pro tempore in the a&sence o$ the Mice Presi#ent or !hen he shae0ercise the %$$ice o$ Presi#ent o$ the 8nite# >tates.

he >enate sha have the soe Po!er to tr a 5mpeachments.

+hen sittin" $or that Purpose the sha &e on %ath or

A$$irmation. +hen the Presi#ent o$ the 8nite# >tates is trie# the

,hie$ Justice sha presi#e: An# no Person sha &e convicte#

!ithout the ,oncurrenceo$ t!o thir#s o$ the ;em&ers present.

Ju#"ment in ,ases o$ 5mpeachmentsha not e0ten# $urther than toremova $rom %$$ice an# #isuai$ication to ho# an# en=o an

%$$ice o$ honor rust or Pro$it un#er the 8nite# >tates: &ut the

Part convicte# sha nevertheess &e ia&e an# su&=ect to

5n#ictment ria Ju#"ment an# Punishment accor#in" to a!.

Se0tion 8 4 Ele0tions9 'eetings

he imes Paces an# ;anner o$ ho#in" ections $or >enators

an# 4epresentatives sha &e prescri&e# in each >tate & the

e"isature thereo$7 &ut the ,on"ress ma at an time & a!

make or ater such 4e"uations e0cept as to the Pace o$ ,husin"

>enators.

he ,on"ress sha assem&e at east once in ever @ear an# such

;eetin" sha (be on the first )onday in *ecember,#7&he

pre0eding $ords in parentheses $ere superseded y the 5"th

Amendment9 se0tion 5%:uness the sha & a! appoint a#i$$erent ?a.

Se0tion < 4 'emership9 Rules9 -ournals9 Ad=ournment

ach 1ouse sha &e the Ju#"e o$ the ections 4eturns an#

Quai$ications o$ its o!n ;em&ers an# a ;a=orit o$ each sha
http://www.usconstitution.net/constmiss.htmlhttp://www.usconstitution.net/glossary.html#PROTEMhttp://www.usconstitution.net/glossary.html#IMPEACHhttp://www.usconstitution.net/glossary.html#CONCURhttp://www.usconstitution.net/glossary.html#IMPEACHhttp://www.usconstitution.net/constmiss.htmlhttp://www.usconstitution.net/const.html#Am20S2http://www.usconstitution.net/const.html#Am20S2http://www.usconstitution.net/glossary.html#ADJOURNhttp://www.usconstitution.net/constmiss.htmlhttp://www.usconstitution.net/glossary.html#PROTEMhttp://www.usconstitution.net/glossary.html#IMPEACHhttp://www.usconstitution.net/glossary.html#CONCURhttp://www.usconstitution.net/glossary.html#IMPEACHhttp://www.usconstitution.net/constmiss.htmlhttp://www.usconstitution.net/const.html#Am20S2http://www.usconstitution.net/const.html#Am20S2http://www.usconstitution.net/glossary.html#ADJOURN


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constitute a Quorumto #o usiness7 &ut a smaer num&er ma

a#=ourn$rom #a to #a an# ma &e authorize# to compe the

Atten#ance o$ a&sent ;em&ers in such ;anner an# un#er such

Penaties as each 1ouse ma provi#e.

ach 1ouse ma #etermine the 4ues o$ its Procee#in"s punish its

;em&ers $or #isor#er ehavior an# !ith the ,oncurrenceo$

t!o-thir#s e0pe a ;em&er.

ach 1ouse sha keep a Journa o$ its Procee#in"s an# $rom time

to time pu&ish the same e0ceptin" such Parts as ma in their

Ju#"ment reuire >ecrec7 an# the @eas an# Eas o$ the ;em&ers

o$ either 1ouse on an uestion sha at the ?esire o$ one $i$th o$

those Present &e entere# on the Journa.

Eeither 1ouse #urin" the >ession o$ ,on"ress sha !ithout the

,onsent o$ the other a#=ourn$or more than three #as nor to an

other Pace than that in !hich the t!o 1ouses sha &e sittin".

Se0tion > 4 Compensation

(The Senators and Representatives shall receive a +ompensation

for their Services, to be ascertained by $aw, and paid out of the

Treasury of the United States"#7&he pre0eding $ords in

parentheses $ere modified y the 5#th Amendment%:he sha

in a ,ases e0cept reason 'eon an# reach o$ the Peace &e

privie"e# $rom Arrest #urin" their Atten#ance at the >ession o$

their respective 1ouses an# in "oin" to an# returnin" $rom the

same7 an# $or an >peech or ?e&ate in either 1ouse the sha not

&e uestione# in an other Pace.

Eo >enator or 4epresentative sha #urin" the ime $or !hich he

!as eecte# &e appointe# to an civi %$$ice un#er the Authorit o$

the 8nite# >tates !hich sha have &een create# or the

mouments!hereo$ sha have &een increase# #urin" such time7
http://www.usconstitution.net/glossary.html#QUORUMhttp://www.usconstitution.net/glossary.html#ADJOURNhttp://www.usconstitution.net/glossary.html#CONCURhttp://www.usconstitution.net/glossary.html#ADJOURNhttp://www.usconstitution.net/const.html#Am27http://www.usconstitution.net/glossary.html#TREASONhttp://www.usconstitution.net/glossary.html#EMOLUMENThttp://www.usconstitution.net/glossary.html#QUORUMhttp://www.usconstitution.net/glossary.html#ADJOURNhttp://www.usconstitution.net/glossary.html#CONCURhttp://www.usconstitution.net/glossary.html#ADJOURNhttp://www.usconstitution.net/const.html#Am27http://www.usconstitution.net/glossary.html#TREASONhttp://www.usconstitution.net/glossary.html#EMOLUMENT


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an# no Person ho#in" an %$$ice un#er the 8nite# >tates sha &e

a ;em&er o$ either 1ouse #urin" his ,ontinuance in %$$ice.

Se0tion # 4 Re/enue )ills9 Legislati/e Pro0ess9 Presidential ,eto

A &is $or raisin" 4evenue sha ori"inate in the 1ouse o$

4epresentatives7 &ut the >enate ma propose or concur!ith

Amen#ments as on other is.

ver i !hich sha have passe# the 1ouse o$ 4epresentatives

an# the >enate sha &e$ore it &ecome a a! &e presente# to the

Presi#ent o$ the 8nite# >tates7 5$ he approve he sha si"n it &ut i$

not he sha return it !ith his %&=ections to that 1ouse in !hich it

sha have ori"inate# !ho sha enter the %&=ections at ar"e ontheir Journa an# procee# to reconsi#er it. 5$ a$ter such

4econsi#eration t!o thir#s o$ that 1ouse sha a"ree to pass the

i it sha &e sent to"ether !ith the %&=ections to the other

1ouse & !hich it sha ike!ise &e reconsi#ere# an# i$ approve#

& t!o thir#s o$ that 1ouse it sha &ecome a a!. ut in a such

,ases the Motes o$ &oth 1ouses sha &e #etermine# & @eas an#

Eas an# the Eames o$ the Persons votin" $or an# a"ainst the i

sha &e entere# on the Journa o$ each 1ouse respective. 5$ ani sha not &e returne# & the Presi#ent !ithin ten ?as

(>un#as e0cepte#) a$ter it sha have &een presente# to him the

>ame sha &e a a! in ike ;anner as i$ he ha# si"ne# it uness

the ,on"ress & their A#=ournmentprevent its 4eturn in !hich

,ase it sha not &e a a!.

ver %r#er 4esoution or Mote to !hich the ,oncurrenceo$ the

>enate an# 1ouse o$ 4epresentatives ma &e necessar (e0cept on

a uestion o$ A#=ournment) sha &e presente# to the Presi#ent o$the 8nite# >tates7 an# &e$ore the >ame sha take $$ect sha &e

approve# & him or &ein" #isapprove# & him sha &e repasse#

& t!o thir#s o$ the >enate an# 1ouse o$ 4epresentatives

accor#in" to the 4ues an# imitations prescri&e# in the ,ase o$ a

i.
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Se0tion ? 4 Po$ers of Congress

he ,on"ress sha have Po!er o a an# coect a0es ?uties

5mpostsan# 0cises to pa the ?e&ts an# provi#e $or the common

?e$ence an# "enera +e$areo$ the 8nite# >tates7 &ut a ?uties5mpostsan# 0cisessha &e uni$orm throu"hout the 8nite# >tates7

o &orro! mone on the cre#it o$ the 8nite# >tates7

o re"uate ,ommerce !ith $orei"n Eations an# amon" the

severa >tates an# !ith the 5n#ian ri&es7

o esta&ish an uni$orm 4ue o$ Eaturaization an# uni$orm a!s

on the su&=ect o$ ankruptcies throu"hout the 8nite# >tates7

o coin ;one re"uate the Maue thereo$ an# o$ $orei"n ,oin

an# $i0 the >tan#ar# o$ +ei"hts an# ;easures7

o provi#e $or the Punishment o$ counter$eitin" the >ecurities an#

current ,oin o$ the 8nite# >tates7

o esta&ish Post %$$ices an# Post 4oa#s7

o promote the Pro"ress o$ >cience an# use$u Arts & securin"

$or imite# imes to Authors an# 5nventors the e0cusive 4i"ht to

their respective +ritin"s an# ?iscoveries7

o constitute ri&unas in$erior to the supreme ,ourt7

o #e$ine an# punish Piracies an# 'eonies committe# on the hi"h

>eas an# %$$enses a"ainst the a! o$ Eations7

o #ecare +ar "rant etters o$ ;aruean# 4eprisa an# make

4ues concernin" ,aptures on an# an# +ater7

o raise an# support Armies &ut no Appropriation o$ ;one to

that 8se sha &e $or a on"er erm than t!o @ears7
http://www.usconstitution.net/glossary.html#IMPOSThttp://www.usconstitution.net/glossary.html#EXCISEhttp://www.usconstitution.net/glossary.html#WELFAREhttp://www.usconstitution.net/glossary.html#IMPOSThttp://www.usconstitution.net/glossary.html#EXCISEhttp://www.usconstitution.net/glossary.html#POSTROADhttp://www.usconstitution.net/glossary.html#MARQUEhttp://www.usconstitution.net/glossary.html#REPRISALhttp://www.usconstitution.net/glossary.html#IMPOSThttp://www.usconstitution.net/glossary.html#EXCISEhttp://www.usconstitution.net/glossary.html#WELFAREhttp://www.usconstitution.net/glossary.html#IMPOSThttp://www.usconstitution.net/glossary.html#EXCISEhttp://www.usconstitution.net/glossary.html#POSTROADhttp://www.usconstitution.net/glossary.html#MARQUEhttp://www.usconstitution.net/glossary.html#REPRISAL


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o provi#e an# maintain a Eav7

o make 4ues $or the Government an# 4e"uation o$ the an# an#

nava 'orces7

o provi#e $or cain" $orth the ;iitia to e0ecute the a!s o$ the

8nion suppress 5nsurrections an# repe 5nvasions7

o provi#e $or or"anizin" armin" an# #iscipinin" the ;iitia

an# $or "overnin" such Part o$ them as ma &e empoe# in the

>ervice o$ the 8nite# >tates reservin" to the >tates respective

the Appointment o$ the %$$icers an# the Authorit o$ trainin" the

;iitia accor#in" to the #iscipine prescri&e# & ,on"ress7

o e0ercise e0cusive e"isation in a ,ases !hatsoever over

such ?istrict (not e0cee#in" ten ;ies suare) as ma & ,ession

o$ particuar >tates an# the acceptance o$ ,on"ress &ecome the

>eat o$ the Government o$ the 8nite# >tates an# to e0ercise ike

Authorit over a Paces purchase# & the ,onsent o$ the

e"isature o$ the >tate in !hich the >ame sha &e $or the

rection o$ 'orts ;a"azines Arsenas #ock-@ar#s an# other

nee#$u ui#in"s7 An#

o make a a!s !hich sha &e necessar an# proper $or carrin"

into 0ecution the $ore"oin" Po!ers an# a other Po!ers veste#

& this ,onstitution in the Government o$ the 8nite# >tates or in

an ?epartment or %$$icer thereo$.

Se0tion @ 4 Limits on Congress

he ;i"ration or 5mportation o$ such Persons as an o$ the >tatesno! e0istin" sha think proper to a#mit sha not &e prohi&ite# &

the ,on"ress prior to the @ear one thousan# ei"ht hun#re# an#

ei"ht &ut a ta0 or #ut ma &e impose# on such 5mportation not

e0cee#in" ten #oars $or each Person.


81/105

he privie"e o$ the +rit o$ 1a&eas ,orpussha not &e suspen#e#

uness !hen in ,ases o$ 4e&eion or 5nvasion the pu&ic >a$et

ma reuire it.

Eo i o$ Attain#eror e0 post $actoa! sha &e passe#.

(No capitation, or other direct, Tax shall be laid, unless in

Proportion to the +ensus or&numerationherein before directed to

be ta'en"#7Se0tion in parentheses 0larified y the !>th

Amendment%:

Eo a0 or ?ut sha &e ai# on Artices e0porte# $rom an >tate.

Eo Pre$erence sha &e "iven & an 4e"uation o$ ,ommerce or4evenue to the Ports o$ one >tate over those o$ another: nor sha

Messes &oun# to or $rom one >tate &e o&i"e# to enter cear or

pa ?uties in another.

Eo ;one sha &e #ra!n $rom the reasur &ut in ,onseuence

o$ Appropriations ma#e & a!7 an# a re"uar >tatement an#

Account o$ the 4eceipts an# 0pen#itures o$ a pu&ic ;one

sha &e pu&ishe# $rom time to time.

Eo ite o$ Eo&iitsha &e "rante# & the 8nite# >tates: An# no

Person ho#in" an %$$ice o$ Pro$it or rust un#er them sha

!ithout the ,onsent o$ the ,on"ress accept o$ an present

moument %$$ice or ite o$ an kin# !hatever $rom an Lin"

Prince or $orei"n >tate.

Se0tion !" 4 Po$ers prohiited of States

Eo >tate sha enter into an reat Aiance or ,on$e#eration7"rant etters o$ ;aruean# 4eprisa7 coin ;one7 emit is o$

,re#it7 make an hin" &ut "o# an# siver ,oin a en#er in

Pament o$ ?e&ts7 pass an i o$ Attain#er e0 post $actoa! or

a! impairin" the %&i"ation o$ ,ontracts or "rant an ite o$

Eo&iit.
http://www.usconstitution.net/glossary.html#HABCORhttp://www.usconstitution.net/glossary.html#ATTAINDERhttp://www.usconstitution.net/glossary.html#EXPOSThttp://www.usconstitution.net/glossary.html#ENUMERATEhttp://www.usconstitution.net/const.html#Am16http://www.usconstitution.net/const.html#Am16http://www.usconstitution.net/glossary.html#NOBILITYhttp://www.usconstitution.net/glossary.html#EMOLUMENThttp://www.usconstitution.net/glossary.html#MARQUEhttp://www.usconstitution.net/glossary.html#REPRISALhttp://www.usconstitution.net/glossary.html#CREDIThttp://www.usconstitution.net/glossary.html#CREDIThttp://www.usconstitution.net/glossary.html#ATTAINDERhttp://www.usconstitution.net/glossary.html#EXPOSThttp://www.usconstitution.net/glossary.html#NOBILITYhttp://www.usconstitution.net/glossary.html#NOBILITYhttp://www.usconstitution.net/glossary.html#HABCORhttp://www.usconstitution.net/glossary.html#ATTAINDERhttp://www.usconstitution.net/glossary.html#EXPOSThttp://www.usconstitution.net/glossary.html#ENUMERATEhttp://www.usconstitution.net/const.html#Am16http://www.usconstitution.net/const.html#Am16http://www.usconstitution.net/glossary.html#NOBILITYhttp://www.usconstitution.net/glossary.html#EMOLUMENThttp://www.usconstitution.net/glossary.html#MARQUEhttp://www.usconstitution.net/glossary.html#REPRISALhttp://www.usconstitution.net/glossary.html#CREDIThttp://www.usconstitution.net/glossary.html#CREDIThttp://www.usconstitution.net/glossary.html#ATTAINDERhttp://www.usconstitution.net/glossary.html#EXPOSThttp://www.usconstitution.net/glossary.html#NOBILITYhttp://www.usconstitution.net/glossary.html#NOBILITY


82/105

Eo >tate sha !ithout the ,onsent o$ the ,on"ress a an

5mpostsor ?uties on 5mports or 0ports e0cept !hat ma &e

a&soute necessar $or e0ecutin" itsinspection a!s: an# the net

Pro#uce o$ a ?uties an# 5mposts ai# & an >tate on 5mports or

0ports sha &e $or the 8se o$ the reasur o$ the 8nite# >tates7an# a such a!s sha &e su&=ect to the 4evision an# ,ontrouo$

the ,on"ress.

Eo >tate sha !ithout the ,onsent o$ ,on"ress a an #ut o$

onna"e keep roops or >hips o$ +ar in time o$ Peace enter into

an A"reement or ,ompact !ith another >tate or !ith a $orei"n

Po!er or en"a"e in +ar uness actua inva#e# or in such

imminent ?an"er as !i not a#mit o$ #ea.

Arti0le II 4 &he E1e0uti/e )ran0hNote

Se0tion ! 4 &he PresidentNoteNote-

he e0ecutive Po!er sha &e veste# in a Presi#ent o$ the 8nite#

>tates o$ America. 1e sha ho# his %$$ice #urin" the erm o$ $our

@ears an# to"ether !ith the Mice-Presi#ent chosen $or the same

erm &e eecte# as $oo!s:

ach >tate sha appoint in such ;anner as the e"isature thereo$

ma #irect a Eum&er o$ ectors eua to the !hoe Eum&er o$

>enators an# 4epresentatives to !hich the >tate ma &e entite# in

the ,on"ress: &ut no >enator or 4epresentative or Person ho#in"

an %$$ice o$ rust or Pro$it un#er the 8nite# >tates sha &e

appointe# an ector.

(The &lectors shall meet in their respective States, and vote by

.allot for two persons, of whom one at least shall not lie an

!nhabitant of the same State with themselves" nd they shall ma'e

a $ist of all the Persons voted for, and of the Number of %otes for
http://www.usconstitution.net/glossary.html#IMPOSThttp://www.usconstitution.net/constmiss.htmlhttp://www.usconstitution.net/glossary.html#IMPOSThttp://www.usconstitution.net/constmiss.htmlhttp://www.usconstitution.net/consttop_sepp.htmlhttp://www.usconstitution.net/constnotes.html#A2Sec1http://www.usconstitution.net/consttop_elec.htmlhttp://www.usconstitution.net/glossary.html#IMPOSThttp://www.usconstitution.net/constmiss.htmlhttp://www.usconstitution.net/glossary.html#IMPOSThttp://www.usconstitution.net/constmiss.htmlhttp://www.usconstitution.net/consttop_sepp.htmlhttp://www.usconstitution.net/constnotes.html#A2Sec1http://www.usconstitution.net/consttop_elec.html


83/105

each/ which $ist they shall sign and certify, and transmit sealed to

the Seat of the 0overnment of the United States, directed to the

President of the Senate" The President of the Senate shall, in the

Presence of the Senate and 1ouse of Representatives, open all the

+ertificates, and the %otes shall then be counted" The Personhaving the greatest Number of %otes shall be the President, if such

Number be a )a2ority of the whole Number of &lectors appointed/

and if there be more than one who have such )a2ority, and have

an e3ual Number of %otes, then the 1ouse of Representatives shall

immediately chuseby .allot one of them for President/ and if no

Person have a )a2ority, then from the five highest on the $ist the

said 1ouse shall in li'e )anner chusethe President" .ut in

chusingthe President, the %otes shall be ta'en by States, theRepresentation from each State having one %ote/ a 3uorumfor this

Purpose shall consist of a )ember or )embers from two4thirds of

the States, and a )a2ority of all the States shall be necessary to a

+hoice" !n every +ase, after the +hoice of the President, the

Person having the greatest Number of %otes of the &lectors shall

be the %ice President" .ut if there should remain two or more who

have e3ual %otes, the Senate shall chusefrom them by .allot the

%ice4President"#7&his 0lause in parentheses $as superseded ythe !5th Amendment%:

he ,on"ress ma #etermine the ime o$ chusin"the ectors an#

the ?a on !hich the sha "ive their Motes7 !hich ?a sha &e

the same throu"hout the 8nite# >tates.

Eo person e0cept a natura &orn ,itizen or a ,itizen o$ the 8nite#

>tates at the time o$ the A#option o$ this ,onstitution sha &e

ei"i&e to the %$$ice o$ Presi#ent7 neither sha an Person &eei"i&e to that %$$ice !ho sha not have attaine# to the A"e o$

thirt-$ive @ears an# &een $ourteen @ears a 4esi#ent !ithin the

8nite# >tates.
http://www.usconstitution.net/constmiss.htmlhttp://www.usconstitution.net/constmiss.htmlhttp://www.usconstitution.net/constmiss.htmlhttp://www.usconstitution.net/glossary.html#QUORUMhttp://www.usconstitution.net/constmiss.htmlhttp://www.usconstitution.net/const.html#Am12http://www.usconstitution.net/constmiss.htmlhttp://www.usconstitution.net/constmiss.htmlhttp://www.usconstitution.net/constmiss.htmlhttp://www.usconstitution.net/constmiss.htmlhttp://www.usconstitution.net/glossary.html#QUORUMhttp://www.usconstitution.net/constmiss.htmlhttp://www.usconstitution.net/const.html#Am12http://www.usconstitution.net/constmiss.html


84/105

(!n +ase of the Removal of the President from 5ffice, or of his

*eath, Resignation, or !nability to discharge the Powers and

*uties of the said 5ffice, the same shall devolve on the %ice

President, and the +ongress may by $aw provide for the +ase of

Removal, *eath, Resignation or !nability, both of the Presidentand %ice President, declaring what 5fficer shall then act as

President, and such 5fficer shall act accordingly, until the

*isability be removed, or a President shall be elected"#7&his

0lause in parentheses has een modified y the 5"thand 5ervices a

,ompensation !hich sha neither &e increase# nor #iminishe##urin" the Perio# $or !hich he sha have &een eecte# an# he

sha not receive !ithin that Perio# an other moument$rom the

8nite# >tates or an o$ them.

e$ore he enter on the 0ecution o$ his %$$ice he sha take the

$oo!in" %ath or A$$irmation:

5 #o soemn s!ear (or a$$irm) that 5 !i $aith$u e0ecute the

%$$ice o$ Presi#ent o$ the 8nite# >tates an# !i to the &est o$ mA&iit preserve protect an# #e$en# the ,onstitution o$ the 8nite#

>tates.

Se0tion 5 4 Ci/ilian Po$er o/er 'ilitary9 Cainet9 Pardon

Po$er9 Appointments

he Presi#ent sha &e ,omman#er in ,hie$ o$ the Arm an# Eav

o$ the 8nite# >tates an# o$ the ;iitia o$ the severa >tates !hen

cae# into the actua >ervice o$ the 8nite# >tates7 he ma reuirethe %pinion in !ritin" o$ the principa %$$icer in each o$ the

e0ecutive ?epartments upon an su&=ect reatin" to the ?uties o$

their respective %$$ices an# he sha have Po!er to Grant

4eprieves an# Par#ons $or %$$enses a"ainst the 8nite# >tates

e0cept in ,ases o$ 5mpeachment.
http://www.usconstitution.net/const.html#Am20http://www.usconstitution.net/const.html#Am25http://www.usconstitution.net/const.html#Am25http://www.usconstitution.net/glossary.html#EMOLUMENThttp://www.usconstitution.net/glossary.html#IMPEACHhttp://www.usconstitution.net/const.html#Am20http://www.usconstitution.net/const.html#Am25http://www.usconstitution.net/const.html#Am25http://www.usconstitution.net/glossary.html#EMOLUMENThttp://www.usconstitution.net/glossary.html#IMPEACH


85/105

1e sha have Po!er & an# !ith the A#vice an# ,onsent o$ the

>enate to make reaties provi#e# t!o thir#s o$ the >enators

present concur7 an# he sha nominate an# & an# !ith the A#vice

an# ,onsent o$ the >enate sha appoint Am&assa#ors other pu&ic

;inisters an# ,onsus Ju#"es o$ the supreme ,ourt an# a other%$$icers o$ the 8nite# >tates !hose Appointments are not herein

other!ise provi#e# $or an# !hich sha &e esta&ishe# & a!: &ut

the ,on"ress ma & a! vest the Appointment o$ such in$erior

%$$icers as the think proper in the Presi#ent aone in the ,ourts

o$ a! or in the 1ea#s o$ ?epartments.

he Presi#ent sha have Po!er to $i up a Macancies that ma

happen #urin" the 4ecess o$ the >enate & "rantin" ,ommissions!hich sha e0pire at the n# o$ their ne0t >ession.

Se0tion ; 4 State of the Union9 Con/ening Congress

1e sha $rom time to time "ive to the ,on"ress 5n$ormation o$ the

>tate o$ the 8nion an# recommen# to their ,onsi#eration such

;easures as he sha =u#"e necessar an# e0pe#ient7 he ma on

e0traor#inar %ccasions convene &oth 1ouses or either o$ them

an# in ,ase o$ ?isa"reement &et!een them !ith 4espect to theime o$ A#=ournment he ma a#=ournthem to such ime as he

sha think proper7 he sha receive Am&assa#ors an# other pu&ic

;inisters7 he sha take ,are that the a!s &e $aith$u e0ecute#

an# sha ,ommission a the %$$icers o$ the 8nite# >tates.

Se0tion 8 4 Disualifi0ation

he Presi#ent Mice Presi#ent an# a civi %$$icers o$ the 8nite#

>tates sha &e remove# $rom %$$ice on 5mpeachment$or an#,onviction o$ reason ri&er or other hi"h ,rimes an#

;is#emeanors.
http://www.usconstitution.net/glossary.html#CONCURhttp://www.usconstitution.net/glossary.html#ADJOURNhttp://www.usconstitution.net/glossary.html#ADJOURNhttp://www.usconstitution.net/glossary.html#IMPEACHhttp://www.usconstitution.net/glossary.html#TREASONhttp://www.usconstitution.net/glossary.html#CONCURhttp://www.usconstitution.net/glossary.html#ADJOURNhttp://www.usconstitution.net/glossary.html#ADJOURNhttp://www.usconstitution.net/glossary.html#IMPEACHhttp://www.usconstitution.net/glossary.html#TREASON


86/105

Arti0le III 4 &he -udi0ial )ran0hNote

Se0tion ! 4 -udi0ial po$ers

he =u#icia Po!er o$ the 8nite# >tates sha &e veste# in onesupreme ,ourt an# in such in$erior ,ourts as the ,on"ress ma

$rom time to time or#ainan# esta&ish. he Ju#"es &oth o$ the

supreme an# in$erior ,ourts sha ho# their %$$ices #urin" "oo#

ehavior an# sha at state# imes receive $or their >ervices a

,ompensation !hich sha not &e #iminishe# #urin" their

,ontinuance in %$$ice.

Se0tion 5 4 &rial y -ury9 Original -urisdi0tion9 -ury &rials

(The 2udicial Power shall extend to all +ases, in $aw and &3uity,

arising under this +onstitution, the $aws of the United States, and

Treaties made, or which shall be made, under their uthority/ to

all +ases affecting mbassadors, other public )inisters and

+onsuls/ to all +ases of admiralty and maritime6urisdiction/ to

+ontroversies to which the United States shall be a Party/ to

+ontroversies between two or more States/ between a State and

+iti7ens of another State/ between +iti7ens of different States/between +iti7ens of the same State claiming $ands under 0rants of

different States, and between a State, or the +iti7ens thereof, and

foreign States, +iti7ens or Sub2ects"#7&his se0tion in parentheses

is modified y the !!th Amendment%:

5n a ,ases a$$ectin" Am&assa#ors other pu&ic ;inisters an#

,onsus an# those in !hich a >tate sha &e Part the supreme

,ourt sha have ori"ina Juris#iction. 5n a the other ,ases &e$ore

mentione# the supreme ,ourt sha have appeateJuris#iction&oth as to a! an# 'act !ith such 0ceptions an# un#er such

4e"uations as the ,on"ress sha make.

he ria o$ a ,rimes e0cept in ,ases o$ 5mpeachment sha &e

& Jur7 an# such ria sha &e he# in the >tate !here the sai#
http://www.usconstitution.net/consttop_sepp.htmlhttp://www.usconstitution.net/glossary.html#ORDAINhttp://www.usconstitution.net/glossary.html#JURIShttp://www.usconstitution.net/const.html#Am11http://www.usconstitution.net/glossary.html#JURIShttp://www.usconstitution.net/glossary.html#APPELLATEhttp://www.usconstitution.net/glossary.html#JURIShttp://www.usconstitution.net/glossary.html#IMPEACHhttp://www.usconstitution.net/consttop_sepp.htmlhttp://www.usconstitution.net/glossary.html#ORDAINhttp://www.usconstitution.net/glossary.html#JURIShttp://www.usconstitution.net/const.html#Am11http://www.usconstitution.net/glossary.html#JURIShttp://www.usconstitution.net/glossary.html#APPELLATEhttp://www.usconstitution.net/glossary.html#JURIShttp://www.usconstitution.net/glossary.html#IMPEACH


87/105

,rimes sha have &een committe#7 &ut !hen not committe# !ithin

an >tate the ria sha &e at such Pace or Paces as the ,on"ress

ma & a! have #irecte#.

Se0tion ; 4 &reasonNote

reasona"ainst the 8nite# >tates sha consist on in evin" +ar

a"ainst them or in a#herin" to their nemies "ivin" them Ai# an#

,om$ort. Eo Person sha &e convicte# o$ reasonuness on the

estimon o$ t!o +itnesses to the same overt Act or on

,on$ession in open ,ourt.

he ,on"ress sha have po!er to #ecare the Punishment o$

reason &ut no Attain#er o$ reasonsha !ork ,orruption o$oo# or 'or$eiture e0cept #urin" the i$e o$ the Person attainte#.

Arti0le I, 4 &he States

Se0tion ! 4 Ea0h State to 6onor all others

'u 'aith an# ,re#it sha &e "iven in each >tate to the pu&icActs 4ecor#s an# =u#icia Procee#in"s o$ ever other >tate. An#

the ,on"ress ma & "enera a!s prescri&e the ;anner in !hich

such Acts 4ecor#s an# Procee#in"s sha &e prove# an# the $$ect

thereo$.

Se0tion 5 4 State 0iti.ens9 E1tradition

he ,itizens o$ each >tate sha &e entite# to a Privie"es an#

5mmunities o$ ,itizens in the severa >tates.

A Person char"e# in an >tate !ith reason 'eon or other

,rime !ho sha $ee $rom Justice an# &e $oun# in another >tate

sha on #eman# o$ the e0ecutive Authorit o$ the >tate $rom !hich
http://www.usconstitution.net/constnotes.html#A3Sec3http://www.usconstitution.net/glossary.html#TREASONhttp://www.usconstitution.net/glossary.html#TREASONhttp://www.usconstitution.net/glossary.html#TREASONhttp://www.usconstitution.net/glossary.html#TREASONhttp://www.usconstitution.net/glossary.html#BLOODhttp://www.usconstitution.net/glossary.html#BLOODhttp://www.usconstitution.net/glossary.html#TREASONhttp://www.usconstitution.net/constnotes.html#A3Sec3http://www.usconstitution.net/glossary.html#TREASONhttp://www.usconstitution.net/glossary.html#TREASONhttp://www.usconstitution.net/glossary.html#TREASONhttp://www.usconstitution.net/glossary.html#TREASONhttp://www.usconstitution.net/glossary.html#BLOODhttp://www.usconstitution.net/glossary.html#BLOODhttp://www.usconstitution.net/glossary.html#TREASON


88/105

he $e# &e #eivere# up to &e remove# to the >tate havin"

Juris#ictiono$ the ,rime.

(No Person held to Service or$abourin one State, under the $aws

thereof, escaping into another, shall, in +onse3uence of any $awor Regulation therein, be discharged from such Service or$abour,

.ut shall be delivered up on +laim of the Party to whom such

Service or$abourmay be due"#7&his 0lause in parentheses is

superseded y the !;th Amendment%:

Se0tion ; 4 (e$ States

Ee! >tates ma &e a#mitte# & the ,on"ress into this 8nion7 &ut

no ne! >tates sha &e $orme# or erecte# !ithin the Juris#ictiono$an other >tate7 nor an >tate &e $orme# & the Junction o$ t!o or

more >tates or parts o$ >tates !ithout the ,onsent o$ the

e"isatures o$ the >tates concerne# as !e as o$ the ,on"ress.

he ,on"ress sha have Po!er to #ispose o$ an# make a nee#$u

4ues an# 4e"uations respectin" the erritor or other Propert

&eon"in" to the 8nite# >tates7 an# nothin" in this ,onstitution

sha &e so construe# as to Pre=u#ice an ,aims o$ the 8nite#>tates or o$ an particuar >tate.

Se0tion 8 4 Repuli0an go/ernment

he 8nite# >tates sha "uarantee to ever >tate in this 8nion a

4epu&ican'orm o$ Government an# sha protect each o$ them

a"ainst 5nvasion7 an# on Appication o$ the e"isature or o$ the

0ecutive (!hen the e"isature cannot &e convene#) a"ainst

#omestic Mioence.

Arti0le , 4 AmendmentNote14Note24Note3
http://www.usconsti

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