say which foods you like and don’t like -...
TRANSCRIPT
Clase de Español 1
2/18/2014 9:34:03 a.m. 1
UNIDAD 3 Lección 1 Puerto Rico
Tema: Mi comida favorita
In this lesson you will learn to
● talk about foods and beverages
● ask questions
● say which foods you like and don’t like
using
● interrogative words
● gustar with nouns
● present tense of -er and -ir verbs
● the verb hacer
¿Recuerdas?
● gustar with an infinitive
● snack foods
● the verb estar
● telling time
Vocabulario Unidad 3 Lección 1
Talk About Foods and Beverages Meals 1. desayunar to have breakfast 2. el almuerzo lunch 3. la bebida beverage, drink 4. la cena dinner 5. compartir to share 6. la comida food; meal 7. el desayuno breakfast 8. vender to sell
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For Breakfast
9. el café coffee
10. la leche milk 11. el cereal cereal 12. el huevo egg 13. el jugo de naranja orange juice 14. el tocino bacon 15. las salchichas sausages 16. la mantequilla butter 17. la miel honey 18. el pan tostado toast 19. el pan bread 20. el pan dulce sweat bread/ breakfast pastry 21. el yogur yogurt 22. el yogur de fresa strawberry yogurt
23. el té tea
For Lunch
24. el atún tuna
25. la ensalada salad 26. la hamburguesa hamburger
27. el sándwich de jamón y queso ham and cheese sandwich
28. la sopa soup 29. la crema de cacahuate peanut butter 30. la mermelada jelly 31. el queso cheese 32. el pavo turkey
33. el jamón ham
34. la limonada lemonade Fruit
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35. la banana banana
36. el plátano banana
37. el limón lemon
38. la manzana apple 39. las uvas grapes
40. la sandía watermelon
Describe Feelings 41. tener ganas de... to feel like . . . 42. tener hambre to be hungry 43. tener sed to be thirsty Ask Questions
44. ¿Cómo? How?
45. ¿Cuál? Which?; What?
46. ¿Cuáles? Which?; What? (plural)
47. ¿Por qué? Why?
48. ¿Qué? What?
49. ¿Quién? Who?
50. ¿Quiénes? Who? (Plural)
Other Words and Phrases 51. ahora now 52. Es importante. It’s important. 53. horrible horrible 54. nutritivo(a) nutritious 55. otro(a) other 56. para for; in order to 57. rico(a) tasty, delicious
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58. Sabroso Tasty
59. ¡Qué asco! How disgusting!
60. ¡Buen Provecho! Bon Apetite! Enjoy your meal. 61. Estoy satisfecho I am satisfied.
Yes/No questions There are several ways to ask a question in Spanish, besides using question-asking words. Yes/No questions can be answered with sí or no. These questions usually begin with a verb.
Carlos está en la biblioteca.
subject verb
¿verb pronoun/subject rest of the sentence?
¿Está Carlos en la biblioteca?
subject verb
The simplest way is to place the subject after the verb, and change the inflection of your voice:
(change the inflection of your voice: ) Ana va a la biblioteca. ¿Va Ana a la biblioteca?
¿verb pronoun/subject rest of the sentence ?
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Palabras Interrogativas Interrogative Words Interrogative words (whom what, where, and so on) ask questions and request information. In Spanish, when you ask a question with an interrogative word you put the verb before the subject. ¿Question word verb pronoun/subject ?
¿Cómo estás tú? How are you?
¿De dónde eres tú? Where are you from?
¿Quién es ella? Who is she?
Todas las palabras interrogativas…
¿Cómo? How?
¿Cuándo? When?
¿Cuánto? (a / os / as) How much? / How many?
¿Dónde? Where?
¿Por qué? Why?
¿Qué? What?
¿Cuál? / ¿Cuáles? Which (one/ones)?
¿Quién? / ¿Quiénes? Who?
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Categories Interrogatives
Things or actions Hint
Both qué and
cuál correspond to the English word what. They are not always interchangeable, however.
¿Qué? What?
Asks for a definition or an explanation. Por Ejemplo…
¿Qué es un “mariachi”?
What is a mariachi?
¿Qué estás haciendo?
What are you doing?
¿Cuál? Which? (sing)
¿Cuáles? Which (plural)?
Cuál used to choose from
among a group Por Ejemplo
¿Cuál es tu mochila?
Which is your backpack?
¿Cuáles son tus libros?
Which are your books?
¿Cuál es la fecha de hoy?
What is today’s date?
¿Cuánto (mas., sing. noun)? How many?
¿Cuánta (fem., sing. noun)? How many?
¿Cuántos (mas., pl. noun)? How many?
¿Cuántas (fem., pl. noun)? How many?
A modifying noun that must agree in gender and number will follow. Por Ejemplo…
¿Cuánta tarea hay en la clase de español?
How much homework is there in Spanish class?
¿Cuántos estudiantes hay en la clase?
How many students are in the class? If it doesn’t modify a noun there is only one form and it is followed by a verb Por Ejemplo…
¿Cuánto? How much?
¿Cuánto cuesta el libro?
How much does the book cost?
¿Cuánto es? How much is it?
¿Cuánto hay? How much is there?
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Categories Interrogatives
People Hint
¿Quién? Who? (singular)?
Por Ejemplo
¿Quién es de Argentina?
Who is from Argentina?
¿Quiénes?
Who (plural)? Por Ejemplo
¿Quiénes son ellos?
Who are they?
¿Con quién?
With whom? (singular)
¿Con quiénes
With whom? (plural)? The preposition con will be used in the answer. Por Ejemplo
¿Con quién habla tu tía?
With whom is your aunt speaking?
¿A quién?
To whom? (singular)
¿A quiénes
To whom? (singular)
The preposition a will be used in the answer. Por Ejemplo
¿A quiénes ves por la
ventana? Whom do you see out the window?
Location Hint
¿Dónde? Where?
The verb estar will be used in the question. Por Ejemplo
¿Dónde está la escuela?
Where is the school?
¿Adónde? To where?
The preposition a will be used in the answer & probably the verb ir will be used. Por Ejemplo
¿Adónde vas en el
verano? Where are you going in the summer?
¿Adónde es la fiesta?
Where is the party?
¿De dónde?
From where? The verb ser will be used in the question Por Ejemplo
¿De dónde eres tú?
Where are you from?
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Categories Interrogatives
Time/Date ¿Cuándo? When?
Reasons ¿Por qué? Why? Por Ejemplo
¿Por qué estudias hoy? Why are you studying today?
Description (how) Hint
¿Cómo? How?
Also whenever you want to say "What is _______ like?" You will use ¿Cómo?
Por Ejemplo ¿Cómo es la profesora de español? What is the Spanish teacher like?
i.e. what are some of her physical characteristics?
¿Cómo estás tú? How are you?
i.e. what is you emotional status or physical condition such as tiredness, boredom, health etc…
To the tune of “Jingle Bells”
Cómo – how
Cuándo – when
Cuánto is how much
Dónde – where
Por qué is why
Porque is because
Qué is what
Cuál is which
Quién is who or whom
A qué hora – at what time
Adónde is where to
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Preguntas y respuestas… When answering questions, pay attention to the verb form. The verb form in the answer will be based on the question. If the question is asked of you, the answer is in the “I” form. If the question asks about him, then the answer is also about him, etc. EVERY sentence (answer) must have a subject and a verb.
Question Answer Yo
tú / Ud.
tú Yo
él / ella él / ella
Usted yo
nosotros Ustedes / nosotros
vosotros nosotros
ellos / ellas ellos / ellas
Ustedes nosotros Defective Verb Gustar The verb gustar expresses likes and it does not work like regular verbs. Regular verbs are conjugated according to the subject. Gustar however does not use subject pronouns. That is to say it is preceded by me, te, le, when stating that I, you, he or she like something. When stating that we, you (plural), or they like something, gustar is preceded by nos, os, or les. me, te, le, nos, os, or les are indirect object pronouns. Thus the verb gustar is considered defective because it is generally only conjugated in the third person followed by the verb's subject and preceded by an object. So the word order is:
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Indirect object pronoun + verb + subject Other verbs that are usually used in the same way include: aburrir to bore doler to hurt or ache encantar to like a lot/to love/to enchant faltar to be lacking/ to be insufficient importar to matter interesar to interest parecer to seem quedar to remain / to fit sorprender to surprise In reality these verbs aren't truly defective verbs, because they exist in all conjugations, even though they are most common in the third person. The way they are used also doesn't seem to be particularly unusual to native Spanish speakers; they tend initially to be confusing to English speakers learning Spanish because of the way they are translated. Generally gustar is taught to mean “to like” however the true meaning is “to be pleasing”. English speakers do not generally go around saying things like “Peanut butter is pleasing to me.” What is commonly heard is “I like peanut butter.” So gustar is agreeing with what is following it, while what is before gustar is indicating who is doing the liking. Use me gusta to talk about a singular noun or an infinitive verb.
Me gusta el café y me gusta comer el helado.
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me te le nos les }
gusta }
Singular noun or Infinitive verb
Anytime you talk about an acitivity (verbs) such as playing a sport, singing, dancing, etc… the defective verb must in the singular form. Me gusta cantar. I like to sing. A ella le gusta cantar y bailar. She like to sing and dance. Ejemplos:
Gustar with an Infinitive or singular noun me gusta comer la crema de cacahuate me gusta la clase
nos gusta comer la crema de cacahuate nos gusta la clase
te gusta comer la crema de cacahuate te gusta la clase
os gusta comer la crema de cacahuate os gusta la clase
le gusta comer la crema de cacahuate le gusta la clase
les gusta comer la crema de cacahuate les gusta la clase
Use me gustan to talk about plural nouns or more than one noun.
Me gustan las fresas pero no me gustan mucho los plátanos.
me te le nos les }
gustan }
plural nouns or more than one noun
Ejemplo:
Gustar with plural nouns or with more than one noun.
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me gustan las frutas me gustan la piña y el plátano
nos gustan las frutas nos gustan la piña y el plátano
te gustan las frutas te gustan la piña y el plátano
os gustan las frutas os gustan la piña y el plátano ate
le gustan las frutas le gustan la piña y el plátano
les gustan las frutas les gustan la piña y el plátano
When you use me gusta and me gustan to talk about a noun, include el, la, los, or las. Me gusta el jugo de naranja pero no me gusta la leche. So in the statement “Le gusta comer la crema de cacahuate.” It is unclear who likes eating peanut butter. It could be he, she or you formal likes to eat peanut butter. I can clarify my statement by saying “A Paco le gusta comer la crema de cacahuate.” So the formula a + [name or pronoun] is frequently used to clarify or emphasize who is doing the liking To clarify: ¿Le gusta a Rafael? Does Rafael like it? A ellos no les gusta. They don’t like it. To emphasize:
¡A mí me gusta mirar la televisión! Me, I like to watch television!
¡A nosotros nos gusta mirar la televisión!
Us, we like to watch television! In the above statement is may sound redundant however it is emphasizing who exactly like to watch television.
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a mí
a ti a usted
a él a ella
me gusta(n) te gusta(n) le gusta(n) le gusta(n) le gusta(n)
a nosotros(as) a vosotros (as)
a ustedes a ellos a ellas
nos gusta(n) os gusta(n) les gusta(n) les gusta(n) les gusta(n)
For now think of defective verbs as having only two conjugations, the 3rd person singular and plural (gusta and gustan) Infinitive Inglés
3rd person singular
3rd person plural
aburrir to bore aburre aburren
doler [o–>ue] to hurt or ache duele duelen
encantar to like a lot/to love/to enchant encanta encantan faltar to be lacking/ to be insufficient falta faltan
importar to matter importa importan interesar to interest interesan interesan
parecer to seem parece parecen
quedar to remain / to fit queda quedan sorprender to surprise sorprende sorprenden
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Ejemplos: Emphasizers/ clarifiers
Fo
r N
egat
ive
Se
nte
nce
s
Indirect Object Pronoun
Defective verb
What defective verb agreed with
The word order is the opposite of that in English.
A mí no me fascina
el fútbol. Soccer is fascinating to me.
Soccer fascinates me.
A ti no te molestan los moscos. Flies are bothering me.
Flies bother me.
A él,
A ella, A usted
no le interesan los deportes. Sports are interesting to him.
Sports interest him.
A nosotros no nos duele el estomago. The stomach is hurting us.
The stomach hurts us.
A ellos, A ellas, A ustedes
no les aburren las clases. Classes are boring to them.
Classes bore them.
Remember that possessive adjectives are not used with body parts. Use the definite article instead. Me duele la cabeza. (Literally the head is aching me.)
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Present tense of –er and –ir verbs To create the forms of –er and –ir verbs, drop the endings from the infinitives, and then add the following verb endings to the stem. Here are the present- tense forms of –er and –ir verbs using comprender and compartir: Regular –er verb endings
yo -o
nosotros -emos
tú -es vosotros -éis
él
ella -e usted
ellos ellas -en ustedes
-er verbs
(yo) comprendo
(nosotros) comprendemos (nosotras)
(tú) comprendes
(vosotros)
comprendéis
(vosotras)
Ud.
(él) comprende
(ella)
Uds. (ellos) comprenden (ellas)
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You also know the verb ver. It is regular except for the yo form, which is veo.
ver to see (yo) veo (nosotros) vemos
(nosotras)
(tú) ves (vosotros) veis (vosotras)
Usted
(él) ve
(ella)
Ustedes (ellos) ven (ellas)
-er verbs
aprender el español to learn Spanish
beber to drink
comer to eat
comprender to understand
correr to run
deber (Should)To be obliged to, to be to, must, ought, would, have to
leer un libro to read a book
vender to sell
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Regular –ir verb endings
yo -o nosotros -imos
tú -es vosotros -ís
usted él -e
ella
ustedes ellos -en ellas
-ir verbs
(yo) comparto (nosotros) compartimos (nosotras)
(tú) compartes (vosotros) compartís
(vosotras)
Usted
(él) comparte
(ella)
Ustedes (ellos) comparten (ellas)
-ir verbs
abrir to open
asistir to attend
compartir to share
escribir correos electrónicos to write e-mails
imprimir To print (off the computer or a newspaper)
vivir to live
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Hacer to make or to do
yo
} hago
nosotros
}
hacemos
tú haces vosotros haceis
usted
él
ella
hace
ellos ellas ustedes
hacen
The verb hacer is irregular in the present tense only in the yo form: hago. In the other forms, it follows the pattern for -er verbs.
Hago un sándwich. I am making a sandwich.
Carmen hace la tarea. Carmen is doing her homework.
When two verbs go walking…
The first verb does the talking.
(i.e. in verb pairs, only the first verb is conjugated and the second stays in the infinitive)
“Man Pedro, you are so
lucky you don’t have to
talk… People always look
at me to see what’s going
on, who is doing what…
blah, blah, blah…” Grrr… If I could talk, I
wouldn’t be on this
stinking leash letting you
control everything!
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Common Infinitive Phrases Prepositional phrases are generally followed by an infinitive. Such as: Antes de+ infinitive Before + infinitive
Después de + infinitive After + infinitive
Me gusta + infinitivo I like + infinitive Deber + infinitive Should + infinitive Necesitar + infinitive To need to + infinitive Tener que + infinitive To have to + infinitive Tener ganas de + infinitive To feel like + infinitive Ir + a + infinitive to be going to do something (in the near future) Para + infinitive In order to + infinitive Ejemplos: Para sacar buenas notas necesitas estudiar. In order to get good grades, you need to study. Nosotros tenemos ganas de ir a la escuela. We feel like going to school. Ustedes necesitan estudiar mucho para las pruebas. You all need to study a lot for the quizzes. Ellos tienen que estudiar mucho para las pruebas.
They have to study a lot for the quizzes. Antes de comer una hamburguesa debes lavarte las manos. Before eating a hamburger you should wash your hands.
Después de comer, debes descansar un poco.
After eating, you should rest a little. Nos gusta andar en patineta. We like to skateboard. Ellos van a estudiar para sacar una buena nota. They are going to study in order to get a good grade.
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Expansión de Vocabulario
Mi comida favorita
Talk About Foods and Beverages
For Breakfast
el batido milkshake, smoothie
For Lunch
la bolsa bag
la crema de cacahuate peanut butter
la jalea jelly
Fruit
la toronja grapefruit
la piña pineapple
el durazno peach
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UNIDAD 3 Lección 1 Notes
Gustar with Plural nouns
1 U3L1 Vocabulary
Present tense of –er and –ir verbs
Yes/No questions
Hacer
Interrogative Words
When two verbs go walking