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Saving Our Schools: The Rise, Decline, and Resurrection of American Education in Schools and Learning Centers Paul E. Peterson Henry Lee Shattuck Professor of Government Director, Program on Education Policy and Governance HARVARD UNIVERSITY EDVentures Conference July 15, 2011

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Page 1: Saving Our Schools: The Rise, Decline, and Resurrection of American Education in Schools and Learning Centers Paul E. Peterson Henry Lee Shattuck Professor

Saving Our Schools: The Rise, Decline, and Resurrection of

American Education in Schools and Learning Centers

Paul E. PetersonHenry Lee Shattuck Professor of Government

Director, Program on Education Policy and GovernanceHARVARD UNIVERSITY

EDVentures ConferenceJuly 15, 2011

Page 2: Saving Our Schools: The Rise, Decline, and Resurrection of American Education in Schools and Learning Centers Paul E. Peterson Henry Lee Shattuck Professor

Two Main Points

1. Bad News: Our Schools have become Stagnant

2. Good News: Technology provides a chance to transform the way students learn

Page 3: Saving Our Schools: The Rise, Decline, and Resurrection of American Education in Schools and Learning Centers Paul E. Peterson Henry Lee Shattuck Professor

Howard Gardner

“So long as we insist on teaching all students the same subjects in the same way, progress will be incremental. But now for the first time it is possible to individualize education—to teach each person what he or she needs and wants to know in ways that are most comfortable and efficient.”

Page 4: Saving Our Schools: The Rise, Decline, and Resurrection of American Education in Schools and Learning Centers Paul E. Peterson Henry Lee Shattuck Professor

Capital, Spanish style

Page 5: Saving Our Schools: The Rise, Decline, and Resurrection of American Education in Schools and Learning Centers Paul E. Peterson Henry Lee Shattuck Professor

Capital, Gilded Age

Page 6: Saving Our Schools: The Rise, Decline, and Resurrection of American Education in Schools and Learning Centers Paul E. Peterson Henry Lee Shattuck Professor

Coolidge Capital

Page 7: Saving Our Schools: The Rise, Decline, and Resurrection of American Education in Schools and Learning Centers Paul E. Peterson Henry Lee Shattuck Professor

Grandma’s Capital

Page 8: Saving Our Schools: The Rise, Decline, and Resurrection of American Education in Schools and Learning Centers Paul E. Peterson Henry Lee Shattuck Professor

National Assessment of Educational Progress, 1978-2008Age 9, Math

Page 9: Saving Our Schools: The Rise, Decline, and Resurrection of American Education in Schools and Learning Centers Paul E. Peterson Henry Lee Shattuck Professor

National Assessment of Educational Progress, 1971-2008Age 9, Reading

Page 10: Saving Our Schools: The Rise, Decline, and Resurrection of American Education in Schools and Learning Centers Paul E. Peterson Henry Lee Shattuck Professor

National Assessment of Educational Progress, 1978-2008Age 17, Math

1978

1982

1986

1990

1992

1994

1996

1999

2004

2008

255

265

275

285

295

305

315

325

White African-American Hispanic

Scale

score

Page 11: Saving Our Schools: The Rise, Decline, and Resurrection of American Education in Schools and Learning Centers Paul E. Peterson Henry Lee Shattuck Professor

National Assessment of Educational Progress, 1971-2008Age 17, Reading

1971

1975

1980

1984

1988

1990

1992

1994

1996

1999

2004

2008

225

235

245

255

265

275

285

295

305

315

325

White African-American Hispanic

Scale

score

Page 12: Saving Our Schools: The Rise, Decline, and Resurrection of American Education in Schools and Learning Centers Paul E. Peterson Henry Lee Shattuck Professor

Trends in high school and college participation

and completion, 1940-2008

1940

1944

1948

1952

1956

1960

1964

1968

1972

1976

1980

1984

1988

1992

1996

2000

2004

2008

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

H.S. En-rollment

H.S. Gradu-ation Rate

College Enrollment

Bachelors Degree

Page 13: Saving Our Schools: The Rise, Decline, and Resurrection of American Education in Schools and Learning Centers Paul E. Peterson Henry Lee Shattuck Professor

A lot of U. S. Athletes Stood Here

Page 14: Saving Our Schools: The Rise, Decline, and Resurrection of American Education in Schools and Learning Centers Paul E. Peterson Henry Lee Shattuck Professor

Number of Medals Won2010 Winter Olympics

Page 15: Saving Our Schools: The Rise, Decline, and Resurrection of American Education in Schools and Learning Centers Paul E. Peterson Henry Lee Shattuck Professor

Percentage of students at or above the Advanced Level - Science

Page 16: Saving Our Schools: The Rise, Decline, and Resurrection of American Education in Schools and Learning Centers Paul E. Peterson Henry Lee Shattuck Professor

Percentage of students at or above the Advanced Level - Math

Page 17: Saving Our Schools: The Rise, Decline, and Resurrection of American Education in Schools and Learning Centers Paul E. Peterson Henry Lee Shattuck Professor

International Secondary-School Completion Rates

Page 18: Saving Our Schools: The Rise, Decline, and Resurrection of American Education in Schools and Learning Centers Paul E. Peterson Henry Lee Shattuck Professor

Remarks of President Barack ObamaWeekly AddressMarch 13, 2010

Page 19: Saving Our Schools: The Rise, Decline, and Resurrection of American Education in Schools and Learning Centers Paul E. Peterson Henry Lee Shattuck Professor

Remarks of President Barack ObamaWeekly AddressMarch 13, 2010

Page 20: Saving Our Schools: The Rise, Decline, and Resurrection of American Education in Schools and Learning Centers Paul E. Peterson Henry Lee Shattuck Professor

Co-production

Page 21: Saving Our Schools: The Rise, Decline, and Resurrection of American Education in Schools and Learning Centers Paul E. Peterson Henry Lee Shattuck Professor
Page 22: Saving Our Schools: The Rise, Decline, and Resurrection of American Education in Schools and Learning Centers Paul E. Peterson Henry Lee Shattuck Professor
Page 23: Saving Our Schools: The Rise, Decline, and Resurrection of American Education in Schools and Learning Centers Paul E. Peterson Henry Lee Shattuck Professor
Page 24: Saving Our Schools: The Rise, Decline, and Resurrection of American Education in Schools and Learning Centers Paul E. Peterson Henry Lee Shattuck Professor

Number of professionalsper 100 students

1960 1970 1980 20050

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

Page 25: Saving Our Schools: The Rise, Decline, and Resurrection of American Education in Schools and Learning Centers Paul E. Peterson Henry Lee Shattuck Professor

Number of staff per 100 students

1960 1970 1980 20060

1

2

3

4

Page 26: Saving Our Schools: The Rise, Decline, and Resurrection of American Education in Schools and Learning Centers Paul E. Peterson Henry Lee Shattuck Professor

Expenditures per pupil and class size

1920

1936

1944

1952

1958

1965

1971

1975

1979

1983

1987

1991

1995

1999

2003

2007

$0

$2,000

$4,000

$6,000

$8,000

$10,000

$12,000

$14,000

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Total Per-Pupil Expenditures Pupil-Teacher Ratio

Cons

tnt 2

006-

07 D

olla

rsP

up

ils p

er T

each

er

Page 27: Saving Our Schools: The Rise, Decline, and Resurrection of American Education in Schools and Learning Centers Paul E. Peterson Henry Lee Shattuck Professor

The Magic Kingdom

Page 28: Saving Our Schools: The Rise, Decline, and Resurrection of American Education in Schools and Learning Centers Paul E. Peterson Henry Lee Shattuck Professor

Julie Young, CEO Florida Virtual School

Page 29: Saving Our Schools: The Rise, Decline, and Resurrection of American Education in Schools and Learning Centers Paul E. Peterson Henry Lee Shattuck Professor
Page 30: Saving Our Schools: The Rise, Decline, and Resurrection of American Education in Schools and Learning Centers Paul E. Peterson Henry Lee Shattuck Professor
Page 31: Saving Our Schools: The Rise, Decline, and Resurrection of American Education in Schools and Learning Centers Paul E. Peterson Henry Lee Shattuck Professor
Page 32: Saving Our Schools: The Rise, Decline, and Resurrection of American Education in Schools and Learning Centers Paul E. Peterson Henry Lee Shattuck Professor

Teaching P. E. Virtually

Wellville

Page 33: Saving Our Schools: The Rise, Decline, and Resurrection of American Education in Schools and Learning Centers Paul E. Peterson Henry Lee Shattuck Professor
Page 34: Saving Our Schools: The Rise, Decline, and Resurrection of American Education in Schools and Learning Centers Paul E. Peterson Henry Lee Shattuck Professor
Page 35: Saving Our Schools: The Rise, Decline, and Resurrection of American Education in Schools and Learning Centers Paul E. Peterson Henry Lee Shattuck Professor
Page 36: Saving Our Schools: The Rise, Decline, and Resurrection of American Education in Schools and Learning Centers Paul E. Peterson Henry Lee Shattuck Professor

Curriculum will be:

A. At the price-point (adaptive)B. Game based (partially)C. 3-dimensionalD. Open source

Page 37: Saving Our Schools: The Rise, Decline, and Resurrection of American Education in Schools and Learning Centers Paul E. Peterson Henry Lee Shattuck Professor

“Working on problems that are of the right level of difficulty is rewarding, but working on problems that are too easy or too difficult is unpleasant.” University of Virginia cognitive scientist

Page 38: Saving Our Schools: The Rise, Decline, and Resurrection of American Education in Schools and Learning Centers Paul E. Peterson Henry Lee Shattuck Professor
Page 39: Saving Our Schools: The Rise, Decline, and Resurrection of American Education in Schools and Learning Centers Paul E. Peterson Henry Lee Shattuck Professor
Page 40: Saving Our Schools: The Rise, Decline, and Resurrection of American Education in Schools and Learning Centers Paul E. Peterson Henry Lee Shattuck Professor

For Virtual Learning to Succeed, Four Basic

Rules:

1. Transparency2. Accountability3. Flexibility4. Competition

Page 41: Saving Our Schools: The Rise, Decline, and Resurrection of American Education in Schools and Learning Centers Paul E. Peterson Henry Lee Shattuck Professor
Page 42: Saving Our Schools: The Rise, Decline, and Resurrection of American Education in Schools and Learning Centers Paul E. Peterson Henry Lee Shattuck Professor
Page 43: Saving Our Schools: The Rise, Decline, and Resurrection of American Education in Schools and Learning Centers Paul E. Peterson Henry Lee Shattuck Professor

Curriculum of the Future

• At the Price Point• Game-based (partially• 3-dimensional• Interactive and adaptive• Open source

Page 44: Saving Our Schools: The Rise, Decline, and Resurrection of American Education in Schools and Learning Centers Paul E. Peterson Henry Lee Shattuck Professor

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