ESRI Conference

SAR Imagery Analysis for Defence and Security

Daniel CarrascoRosana RomeroAinhoa MendizábalESRI Conference- Madrid / 27 october 2011

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CONTENTS

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00 About Indra

01 Introduction

02 Imagery Exploitation Approach for Defence & Security

03 GMOSAIC project

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Company highlightsAbout Indra

The premier IT company in Spain and a leading IT multinational in Europe and Latam

37,000 professionals 110 countries

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Own solutions and technology

Differential business model based on Innovation

Among the 3 largest European IT services companies by market cap

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Company activitiesAbout Indra

10%

Tele

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� Command Control & Comms.� Aerial Defence� Electronic Warfare� Simulation� Homeland Security� (…)� Space

51%International

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Remote Sensing SystemsAbout Indra

18 years experience in satellite ground

High level data processing and

Remote Sensing applications and

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satellite ground segment

� Helios I & II� Pleiades� SMOS� Ingenio & Paz� METOP� Etc.

processing and dissemination systems

� Civilian and Defence systems� Spatial Data Infrastructures� MoD exploitation systems� SAR data processing� Urban geoinformation management

applications and services

� GMES� R&D� Training� High volume cartographic production� Imagery supply� Advanced geoinformation� Certified developer for ERDAS, ESRI, Intergraph� Consultancy and market studies

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01 INTRODUCTION

Why SAR for imagery analysis?

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Barcelona as seen from Tibidabo in a foggy day

Barcelona at night

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All weather capacity

Google EarthTSX- SL

01 INTRODUCTION

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77© Infoterra (2010)

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SAR IMAGES: AVDVANTAGES AND DRAWBACKS01 INTRODUCTION

� Advantages: you program, you get it!� All Weather + Day and Night

� Drawbacks: it is hard to use! (radically distinct from optical)

� Need of specialised training� Specialised SW� SAR Images present distinct spectral and radiometric characteristics from optical

data, so a different analysis is required. We see different things!

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data, so a different analysis is required. We see different things!

Cannot replace optical imagery photointerpretation performance, but it can be the only choice!Caveat: Wrong expectations, prejudices and lack of training or processing infrastructure can make optical analysts reluctant to use SAR imagery and yield project failure. A new mindset is needed

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WHERE?

In areas where optical data fails to deliver, permanent cloud cover areas or during the night .

HOW?

A complement to optical imagery.

Best performance when the area is

01 INTRODUCTION

SAR IMAGES: METHODOLOGY

PRODUCTS

One image is used for target detection, recognition, and identification.

Pair of images is

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during the night .Crisis situations, where more frequent acquisitions are needed.

when the area is previously known and we focus on changes.

Only in exceptional cases, when optical data is not available, the analysis of an area can be based only on SAR images.

Pair of images is used for change detection. Can use radar phase!

Set of images are used for temporal analysis of changes.

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01 INTRODUCTION

Processing at Ground Segment or at customer’s

Ground Segment High level exploitation system

SLC/detected ortho

changes

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ortho

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imint

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01 INTRODUCTION

SAR IMAGES: HIGH LEVEL PRODUCTS

� Amplitude basic products�Detected products (standard image)�Ortho product:

� with own DEM� at our facilities

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� Change detection basic products�Automatic processing

� Time series for continuous surveillance

� Combined Amplitude/Phase advanced products� Additional information without counterpart in optical imagery

Objectives detection and recognition – Airport area02 Methodology for Defence & Security Applications

�TSX HS Image (<1 m): Madrid Barajas airport – Airplanes on platform

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12Product processed by Indra; Original TerraSAR-X Product - © DLR (2010)

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Objectives detection and recognition – Port Area

�TSX HS Image (<1 m)

02 Methodology for Defence & Security Applications

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Floating dock

Dry dock

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Objectives detection and recognition – Port AreaGoogle Earth

02 Methodology for Defence & Security Applications

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Floating dock

Dry dock

Google Earth

�TSX SL Image (>1 m)

Objectives detection and recognition Floating top tanks02 Methodology for Defence & Security Applications

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© Imagen original Infoterra (2010). Procesada por Indra

Photointerpretation challenge: which tanks are empty/full?

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CHANGE DETECTION02 Methodology for Defence & Security Applications

2003-04 2005

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CHANGE DETECTION

Vessel is removed inDate3

Date2 Date3

02 Methodology for Defence & Security Applications

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Multitemporal image obtained with CSK_HSR: Image of Date2G y B: Image of Date3

Vessel appears in Date3

Mobile pontoon is movedbetween Date2 and Date3 andthe crane is removed in Date3

Vessel is removed inDate3

Product processed by Indra; Original COSMO-SkyMed Product - ©ASI -Agenzia Spaziale Italiana - (2010)

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Change detectionPRECURSOR PROJECTS

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Change detectionPRECURSOR PROJECTS

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Change detectionPRECURSOR PROJECTS

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Change detectionPRECURSOR PROJECTS

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Change detectionPRECURSOR PROJECTS

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Change detectionPRECURSOR PROJECTS

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Change detectionPRECURSOR PROJECTS

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Change detectionPRECURSOR PROJECTS

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Change detectionPRECURSOR PROJECTS

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Change detectionPRECURSOR PROJECTS

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Change detectionPRECURSOR PROJECTS

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SUPERRESOLUTION IMAGES – time series02 Methodology for Defence & Security Applications

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ADVANTAGES OF USING SUPERRESOLUTION IMAGES – time series

02 Methodology for Defence & Security Applications

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�CSK SL Image (<1 m)�May 2009

�SSI CSK SL Image (<1 m)�Summer 2009 (5 images)

Product processed by Indra; Original COSMO-SkyMed Product - ©ASI -Agenzia Spaziale Italiana - (2010)

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01 INTRODUCTION

SAR IMAGES: PRODUCTS – Amplitude

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�SSI CSK HS Image (<1 m) (5 images)

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SUPER RESOLUTION IMAGES ADVANTAGES

� Advantages : Superresolution images ease and improve theimagery analysis wrt� Speckle reduction without spatial resolution loss.� Better border definition.� Volumetric features and textures: forest, trees,...� Small features.

02 Methodology for Defence & Security Applications

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� Drawbacks :�Higher cost: at least 3-4 images are needed to obtain an

acceptable SSI image.�Choice of the dates is very important for a proper interpretation

of the changes.

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01 INTRODUCTION

SAR IMAGES: PRODUCTS Amplitude + phase

Red: Removed features

Green : New features

Yellow : Features arepresent in both images but

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Blue : Non changedfeatures with lowbackscattering

White : Non changedfeatures with highbackscattering

�MTC product obtained from CSK HS Images (<1 m)

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CHANGE DETECTION WITH INSAR02 Methodology for Defence & Security Applications

Imagen Multitemporal con coherencia obtenida con TS X_SL

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TSX_SL_20090813

Rojo : elementos que desaparecenVerde: elementos que aparecenAmarillo : elementos que han cambiado entre las dos fechasAzul : elementos que no cambian con reflectividad bajaBlanco: elementos que no cambian con reflectividad alta

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INDRA SAR EXPLOITATION ENVIRONMENT FOR DEFENCE & SECURITY

02 Methodology for Defence & Security Applications

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38Indra SAR tool for the exploitation of SAR products & Imagery Analysis. Plug-in for standard COTS for Image Processing

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03 GMOSAIC PROJECT

is a GMES Security Pilot Project under the FP7 Programme with the objective of identifying and developing products, methodologies and pilot services for the provision of geo-spatial information in support of EU external actions for security related activities.

G-MOSAIC has developed services for security applications to support

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applications to support intelligence and early warning and Crisis Management Operations.

In most of GMOSAIC services, SAR images are used to obtain the final products. SAR imagery is a means to an end!

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Daniel CarrascoRosana Romero

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Rosana RomeroAinhoa Mendizabal

Remote Sensing SystemsIndra Espacio

Mar Egeo, 4. Polígono Industrial nº 1 28830 San Fernando de Henares Madrid EspañaT +34 91 626 90 00F +34 91 626 88 90www.indra.es