sap management console

8/17/2019 SAP Management console

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SAP Management Console

The SAP Management Console (SAP MC) provides a common framework for centralized system

management. t allows yo! to monitor and perform "asic administration tasks on the SAP system

centrally# th!s simplifying system administration. $sing the SAP MC yo! can%

• Monitor and control (start# stop# or restart) the SAP system and its instances with a single tool

• &isplay SAP log and trace 'les# start pro'les# instance parameters# the system environment# SAP

environment# nternet Comm!nication Manager (CM) !e!e statistics# and so on

• &isplay and control ava processes

• &isplay the A*AP work process overview and control A*AP processes

• Monitor system alerts

• &isplay the c!rrent stat!s tree

• &isplay the list of all access points to an SAP system

• &isplay information a"o!t the AS ava threads# sessions# caches# aliases# +nterprise ava*eans

(+*) sessions# and remote o",ects

• &isplay ava -irt!al Machine gar"age collection and heap memory information for the application

server• Save the c!rrent console con'g!ration in a 'le to re!se it later or to forward it to other !sers

• Start thirdparty tools (s!ch as Telnet)# if availa"le# to manage an application server

Implementation Considerations

The SAP Management Console in the SAP /et0eaver Application Server is availa"le in three modes%

• SAP Management Console

The SAP MC is a ava applet that can "e r!n from any 0e" "rowser s!pporting ava. Th!s# yo! can

administer remote systems witho!t needing a local installation.• +clipse*ased SAP Management Console in the SAP /et0eaver &eveloper St!dio

The SAP MC perspective in the &eveloper St!dio ena"les application developers to administer and

monitor their local and remote systems from their development environment witho!t the need to !se

additional administration tools.

• Standalone SAP Microsoft Management Console

SAP has developed the SAP Systems Manager snapin which allows yo! to monitor# start or stop the

SAP system centrally from the SAP Microsoft Management Console (SAP MMC.) The SAP MMC is

availa"le for Microsoft 0indows only.

Microsoft Management Console (MMC) definitionThe Microsoft Management Console (MMC) is an application that provides a graphical-

user interface (GUI) and a programming framework in which consoles (collections of

administrative tools) can be created, saved, and opened. MMC was originally released as

part of theWindows 98 Resource Kit, and is included on all later versions. It uses a

Multiple Document Interface (MDI) in an environment similar to Microsoft's WindowsExplorer. MMC is considered to be acontainer for the actual operations, and is known as

a "tools host." It does not, itself, provide management, but rather a framework in which

management tools can operate.

http://searchwindevelopment.techtarget.com/definition/GUIhttp://searchenterprisedesktop.techtarget.com/definition/Windows-98http://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/Multiple-Document-Interface-MDIhttp://searchsqlserver.techtarget.com/definition/containerhttp://searchenterprisedesktop.techtarget.com/definition/Windows-98http://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/Multiple-Document-Interface-MDIhttp://searchsqlserver.techtarget.com/definition/containerhttp://searchwindevelopment.techtarget.com/definition/GUI


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Consoles are used to manage Windows-based hardware, software, and networking

components, and include items such as controls, wizards, tasks, documentation, and

snap-ins which may be from Microsoft or other software vendors, or user-defined. To

create a console, the administrator runs the MMC executable file to open an empty

console and chooses from among a list of all the tools installed on the system (such as,

for example,certificate server manager,device manager, andDNS manager). Because

consoles exist as files, an administrator can create them and then send them as e-mail

attachments to developers responsible for specific tasks.

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Service Control Manager

The service control manager (SCM) is started at system "oot. t is a remote proced!re

call (1PC) server# so that service con'g!ration and service control programs canmanip!late services on remote machines.

The service f!nctions provide an interface for the following tasks performed "y the SCM%

Maintaining the data"ase of installed services.

Maintaining stat!s information for r!nning services and driver services.

Transmitting control re!ests to r!nning services.

2ocking and !nlocking the service data"ase.

Starting services and driver services either !pon system start!p or !pon demand.

+n!merating installed services and driver services. The following sections

descri"e the SCM in more detail%

&ata"ase of nstalled Services

A!tomatically Starting Services

Starting Services on &emand

Service 1ecord 2ist

SCM 3andles

The Service Control Manager (SCM) maintains a data"ase of the installed services anddriver services that allow the operating system to start s!ccessf!lly# and provides a

http://searchwinit.techtarget.com/definition/snap-inhttps://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/ms682544(v=vs.85).aspxhttps://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/ms681957(v=vs.85).aspxhttps://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/ms686319(v=vs.85).aspxhttps://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/ms685972(v=vs.85).aspxhttps://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/ms685104(v=vs.85).aspxhttp://searchwinit.techtarget.com/definition/snap-inhttps://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/ms682544(v=vs.85).aspxhttps://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/ms681957(v=vs.85).aspxhttps://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/ms686319(v=vs.85).aspxhttps://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/ms685972(v=vs.85).aspxhttps://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/ms685104(v=vs.85).aspx


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!ni'ed and sec!re means of controlling them. The data"ase# which is stored in the0indows system registry# incl!des con'g!ration and sec!rity information a"o!t eachservice or driver service.

System administrators sho!ld !se the Services snapin or the sc.exe commandlinetool to !ery or con'g!re services. t is not recommended to directly alter or read theSCM data"ase present in the registry

Remote Procedure Calls (RPC)

This chapter provides an overview of Remote Procedure Calls (RPC) RPC.

What Is RPC

RPC is a powerful technique for constructing distributed, client-server based applications. t is based on

e!tending the notion of conventional, or local procedure calling, so that the called procedure need not e!ist in

the same address space as the calling procedure. The two processes ma" be on the same s"stem, or the" ma" beon different s"stems with a networ# connecting them. $" using RPC, programmers of distributed applications

avoid the details of the interface with the networ#. The transport independence of RPC isolates the application

from the ph"sical and logical elements of the data communications mechanism and allows the application to

use a variet" of transports.


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RPC ma#es the client%server model of computing more powerful and easier to program. &hen combined with

the 'C RPC* protocol compiler (Chapter ++) clients transparentl" ma#e remote calls through a local

procedure interface.

How RPC Works

n RPC is analogous to a function call. i#e a function call, when an RPC is made, the calling arguments are

passed to the remote procedure and the caller waits for a response to be returned from the remote procedure.

igure +/.0 shows the flow of activit" that ta#es place during an RPC call between two networ#ed s"stems.

The client ma#es a procedure call that sends a request to the server and waits. The thread is bloc#ed from

processing until either a repl" is received, or it times out. &hen the request arrives, the server calls a dispatch

routine that performs the requested service, and sends the repl" to the client. fter the RPC call is completed,

the client program continues. RPC specificall" supports networ# applications.

Fig. 32.1 Remote Procedure Calling echanism remote procedure is uniquel" identified b" the triple1

(program number, version number, procedure number) The program number identifies a group of related

remote procedures, each of which has a unique procedure number. program ma" consist of one or more

versions. *ach version consists of a collection of procedures which are available to be called remotel". 2ersion

numbers enable multiple versions of an RPC protocol to be available simultaneousl". *ach version contains a a

number of procedures that can be called remotel". *ach procedure has a procedure number.

RPC !""lication #e$elo"ment

Consider an e!ample1

client%server loo#up in a personal database on a remote machine. ssuming that we cannot access the

database from the local machine (via 3).

&e use 45 to run a remote shell and e!ecute the command this wa". There are some problems with this

method1

• the command ma" be slow to e!ecute.

• 6ou require an login account on the remote machine.

http://www.cs.cf.ac.uk/Dave/C/node34.html#ch:rpcgenhttp://www.cs.cf.ac.uk/Dave/C/node33.html#fig:rpchttp://www.cs.cf.ac.uk/Dave/C/node33.html#fig:rpchttp://www.cs.cf.ac.uk/Dave/C/node33.html#fig:rpchttp://www.cs.cf.ac.uk/Dave/C/node34.html#ch:rpcgenhttp://www.cs.cf.ac.uk/Dave/C/node33.html#fig:rpchttp://www.cs.cf.ac.uk/Dave/C/node33.html#fig:rpc


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The RPC alternative is to

• establish an server on the remote machine that can repond to queries.

• Retrieve information b" calling a quer" which will be quic#er than previous approach.

To develop an RPC application the following steps are needed1

• 3pecif" the protocol for client server communication

• 7evelop the client program

• 7evelop the server program

The programs will be compiled seperatel". The communication protocol is achieved b" generated stubs and

these stubs and rpc (and other libraries) will need to be lin#ed in.

#e%ining the Protocol

The easiest wa" to define and generate the protocol is to use a protocol complier such as rpcgen which we

discuss is Chapter ++.

or the protocol "ou must identif" the name of the service procedures, and data t"pes of parameters and return

arguments.

The protocol compiler reads a definitio and automaticall" generates client and server stubs.

rpcgen uses its own language (RPC language or RPC) which loo#s ver" similar to preprocessor directives.

rpcgen e!ists as a standalone e!ecutable compiler that reads special files denoted b" a .x prefi!.

3o to compile a RPC file "ou simpl" do

rpcgen rpcprog.x

This will generate possibl" four files1

• rpcprog_clnt.c -- the client stub

• rpcprog_svc.c -- the server stub

• rpcprog_xdr.c -- f necessar" 57R (e!ternal data representation) filters

• rpcprog.h -- the header file needed for an" 57R filters.

The e!ternal data representation (57R) is an data abstraction needed for machine independent communication.

The client and server need not be machines of the same t"pe.

#e%ining Client and &er$er !""lication Code

&e must now write the the client and application code. The" must communicate via procedures and data t"pes

specified in the Protocol.

The service side will have to register the procedures that ma" be called b" the client and receive and return an"

data required for processing.

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The client application call the remote procedure pass an" required data and will receive the retruned data.

There are several levels of application interfaces that ma" be used to develop RPC applications. &e will briefl"

disuss these below before e!apnading thhe most common of these in later chapters.

Com"liling and running the a""lication

et us consider the full compilation model required to run a RPC application. 8a#efiles are useful for easing

the burden of compiling RPC applications but it is necessar" to understand the complete model before one can

assemble a convenient ma#efile.

ssume the the client program is called rpcprog.c, the service program is rpcsvc.c and that the protocol

has been defined in rpcprog.x and that rpcgen has been used to produce the stub and filter

files1 rpcprog_clnt.c, rpcprog_svc.c, rpcprog_xdr.c, rpcprog.h.

The client and server program must include (#include "rpcprog.h"

6ou must then1

• compile the client code1

• cc -c rpcprog.c

• compile the client stub1

• cc -c rpcprog_clnt.c

• compile the 57R filter1

• cc -c rpcprog_xdr.c

• build the client e!ecutable1

• cc -o rpcprog rpcprog.o rpcprog_clnt.o rpcprog_xdr.c

• compile the service procedures1

• cc -c rpcsvc.c

• compile the server stub1

• cc -c rpcprog_svc.c

• build the server e!ecutable1

• cc -o rpcsvc rpcsvc.o rpcprog_svc.o rpcprog_xdr.c

ow simpl" run the programs rpcprog and rpcsvc on the client and server respectivel". The server

procedures must be registered before the client can call them.

'$er$iew o% Inter%ace Routines

RPC has multiple levels of application interface to its services. These levels provide different degrees of

control balanced with different amounts of interface code to implement. n order of increasing control and

comple!it". This section gives a summar" of the routines available at each level. 3implified nterface Routines

The simplified interfaces are used to ma#e remote procedure calls to routines on other machines, and specif"

onl" the t"pe of transport to use. The routines at this level are used for most applications. 7escriptions and

code samples can be found in the section, 3implified nterface 9 +-/.

&im"li%ied e$el Routine Function


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rpc_reg() -- Registers a procedure as an RPC program on all transports of the specified t"pe.

rpc_call() -- Remote calls the specified procedure on the specified remote host.

rpc_broadcast() -- $roadcasts a call message across all transports of the specified t"pe. 3tandard

nterface Routines The standard interfaces are divided into top level, intermediate level, e!pert level, and

bottom level. These interfaces give a developer much greater control over communication parameters such as

the transport being used, how long to wait beforeresponding to errors and retransmitting requests, and so on.

o" e$el Routines

t the top level, the interface is still simple, but the program has to create a client handle before ma#ing a call

or create a server handle before receiving calls. f "ou want the application to run on all transports, use this

interface. 4se of these routines and code samples can be found in Top evel nterface

clnt_create() -- eneric client creation. The program tells clnt_create() where the server is located

and the t"pe of transport to use.

clnt_create_timed() 3imilar to clnt_create() but lets the programmer specif" the ma!imum timeallowed for each t"pe of transport tried during the creation attempt.

svc_create() -- Creates server handles for all transports of the specified t"pe. The program

tells svc_create() which dispatch function to use.

clnt_call() -- Client calls a procedure to send a request to the server.

Intermediate e$el Routines

The intermediate level interface of RPC lets "ou control details. Programs written at these lower levels aremore complicated but run more efficientl". The intermediate level enables "ou to specif" the transport to use.

clnt_tp_create() -- Creates a client handle for the specified transport.

clnt_tp_create_timed() -- 3imilar to clnt_tp_create() but lets the programmer specif" the

ma!imum time allowed. svc_tp_create() Creates a server handle for the specified transport.


*+"ert e$el Routines

The e!pert level contains a larger set of routines with which to specif" transport-related parameters. 4se of

these routines

clnt_tli_create() -- Creates a client handle for the specified transport.

svc_tli_create() -- Creates a server handle for the specified transport.

rpcb_set() -- Calls rpcbind to set a map between an RPC service and a networ# address.

rpcb_unset() -- 7eletes a mapping set b" rpcb_set().

rpcb_getaddr() -- Calls rpcbind to get the transport addresses of specified RPC services.

svc_reg() -- ssociates the specified program and version number pair with the specified dispatch routine.


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svc_unreg() -- 7eletes an association set b" svc_reg().


,ottom e$el Routines

The bottom level contains routines used for full control of transport options.

clnt_dg_create() -- Creates an RPC client handle for the specified remote program, using a

connectionless transport.

svc_dg_create() -- Creates an RPC server handle, using a connectionless transport.

clnt_vc_create() -- Creates an RPC client handle for the specified remote program, using a connection-

oriented transport.

svc_vc_create() -- Creates an RPC server handle, using a connection-oriented transport.


Computing Center Management System

(CCMS)Purpose

4o! can !se the Comp!ting Center Management System (CCMS) to monitor# control# and con'g!re yo!rSAP System.

The CCMS tools s!pport !nattended system administration f!nctions aro!nd the clock within the SAP

System. 4o! can !se this tool to analyze and distri"!te the workload of clients and to display the reso!rce

!sage of system components.

Use

The control panel displays a list of the host systems and the instances in yo!r system. The list provides

information on%

• Application server name(s)• Application server service and stat!s

• The active operating mode

Procedure

To start the Control Panel# choose CCMS 5 Control6Monitoring 5 Control Panel# or call transaction 1789.

4o! can sort the information that is displayed "y server or stat!s "y choosing +dit 5 Sort 5 *y server

name or *y stat!s.

Chapter 1. irst steps

!elcome to "racle #M #irtual$ox%


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-irt!al*o: is a crossplatform virt!alization application. 0hat does that mean; on yo!r 2in!: server# r!n2in!: on yo!r 0indows PC# and so on# all alongside yo!r e:isting applications. 4o! caninstall and r!n as many virt!al machines as yo! like the only practical limits are diskspace and memory.

-irt!al*o: is deceptively simple yet also very powerf!l. t can r!n everywhere fromsmall em"edded systems or desktop class machines all the way !p to datacenterdeployments and even Clo!d environments.

The following screenshot shows yo! how -irt!al*o:# installed on a Mac comp!ter# isr!nning 0indows > in a virt!al machine window%

n this $ser Man!al# we?ll "egin simply with a !ick introd!ction to virt!alization andhow to get yo!r 'rst virt!al machine r!nning with the easyto!se -irt!al*o: graphical!ser interface. S!"se!ent chapters will go into m!ch more detail covering morepowerf!l tools and feat!res# "!t fort!nately# it is not necessary to read the entire $serMan!al "efore yo! can !se -irt!al*o:.

4o! can 'nd a s!mmary of -irt!al*o:?s capa"ilities in Section @.9#


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yo! can install an old operating system s!ch as &ES or ES6= even if yo!r realcomp!ter?s hardware is no longer s!pported "y that operating system.

• *asier so't+are installations. Software vendors can !se virt!al machines toship entire software con'g!rations.


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certain operating systems. So while yo!r favorite operating system may r!n as ag!est# we oLcially s!pport and optimize for a select few (which# however# incl!dethe most common ones).

See Section 9.@# S!pported g!est operating systemsB for details.

-irt!al machine (-M).

This is the special environment that -irt!al*o: creates for yo!r g!est operatingsystem while it is r!nning. n other words# yo! r!n yo!r g!est operating systemDinD a -M. /ormally# a -M will "e shown as a window on yo!r comp!ter?s desktop#"!t depending on which of the vario!s frontends of -irt!al*o: yo! !se# it can "edisplayed in f!ll screen mode or remotely on another comp!ter.

n a more a"stract way# internally# -irt!al*o: thinks of a -M as a set ofparameters that determine its "ehavior. They incl!de hardware settings (howm!ch memory the -M sho!ld have# what hard disks -irt!al*o: sho!ld virt!alizethro!gh which container 'les# what C&s are mo!nted etc.) as well as state

information (whether the -M is c!rrently r!nning# saved# its snapshots etc.). Thesesettings are mirrored in the -irt!al*o: Manager window as well asthe -*o:Manage command line programG see Chapter ># VBoxManage. n otherwords# a -M is also what yo! can see in its settings dialog.

J!est Additions.

This refers to special software packages which are shipped with -irt!al*o: "!tdesigned to "e installed inside a -M to improve performance of the g!est ES andto add e:tra feat!res. This is descri"ed in detail in Chapter H# Guest Additions.

1.. eatures overvie+

3ere?s a "rief o!tline of -irt!al*o:?s main feat!res%

• Porta/ility. -irt!al*o: r!ns on a large n!m"er of 9="it and KH"it host operatingsystems (again# see Section @.H# S!pported host operating systemsB for details).

-irt!al*o: is a socalled DhostedD hypervisor (sometimes referred to as a Dtype =Dhypervisor). 0hereas a D"aremetalD or Dtype @D hypervisor wo!ld r!n directly onthe hardware# -irt!al*o: re!ires an e:isting operating system to "e installed. tcan th!s r!n alongside e:isting applications on that host.

To a very large degree# -irt!al*o: is f!nctionally identical on all of the hostplatforms# and the same 'le and image formats are !sed. This allows yo! to r!nvirt!al machines created on one host on another host with a diIerent hostoperating systemG for e:ample# yo! can create a virt!al machine on 0indows andthen r!n it !nder 2in!:.

n addition# virt!al machines can easily "e imported and e:ported !sing the Epen-irt!alization


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-irt!al*o: even on older hardware where these feat!res are not present. Thetechnical details are e:plained inSection @8.9# 3ardware vs. softwarevirt!alizationB.

• 2uest Additions3 shared 'olders4 seamless +indo+s4 5virtuali&ation. The -irt!al*o: J!est Additions are software packages which can"e installed inside of s!pported g!est systems to improve their performance and

to provide additional integration and comm!nication with the host system. Afterinstalling the J!est Additions# a virt!al machine will s!pport a!tomatic ad,!stmentof video resol!tions# seamless windows# accelerated 9& graphics and more. TheJ!est Additions are descri"ed in detail in Chapter H# Guest Additions.

n partic!lar# J!est Additions provide for Dshared foldersD# which let yo! access'les from the host system from within a g!est machine. Shared folders aredescri"ed inSection H.9# Shared foldersB.

• 2reat hard+are support. Among others# -irt!al*o: s!pports%

o 2uest multiprocessing (SMP). -irt!al*o: can present !p to 9= virt!alCP$s to each virt!al machine# irrespective of how many CP$ cores arephysically present on yo!r host.

o US$ device support. -irt!al*o: implements a virt!al $S* controller andallows yo! to connect ar"itrary $S* devices to yo!r virt!al machineswitho!t having to install devicespeci'c drivers on the host. $S* s!pport isnot limited to certain device categories.


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o P8* 0et+or9 /oot. The integrated virt!al network cards of -irt!al*o: f!llys!pport remote "ooting via the Pre"oot +:ec!tion +nvironment (PF+).

• Multigeneration /ranched snapshots. -irt!al*o: can save ar"itrary snapshotsof the state of the virt!al machine. 4o! can go "ack in time and revert the virt!almachine to any s!ch snapshot and start an alternative -M con'g!ration fromthere# eIectively creating a whole snapshot tree.


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/ote that starting with -irt!al*o: =.@# 2in!: =.H"ased host operating systems areno longer s!pported.

• Solaris hosts (KH"it only) are s!pported with the restrictions listedin Chapter @H# Known limitations%

o Solaris @@

o Solaris @8 ($@8 and higher)

/ote that the a"ove list is informal. Eracle s!pport for c!stomers who have a s!pportcontract is limited to a s!"set of the listed host operating systems. Also# any feat!rewhich is marked as experimental is not s!pported. . Installing #irtual$ox and extension pac9s

-irt!al*o: comes in many diIerent packages# and installation depends on yo!r hostoperating system. f yo! have installed software "efore# installation sho!ld "estraightforward% on each host platform# -irt!al*o: !ses the installation method that ismost common and easy to !se. f yo! r!n into tro!"le or have special re!irements#please refer to Chapter =# Installation details for details a"o!t the vario!s installationmethods.

Starting with version H.8# -irt!al*o: is split into several components.

@. The "ase package consists of all openso!rce components and is licensed !nderthe J/$ Jeneral P!"lic 2icense -=.

=. Additional e:tension packs can "e downloaded which e:tend the f!nctionality ofthe -irt!al*o: "ase package. C!rrently# Eracle provides the one e:tension pack#which can "e fo!nd at http%66www.virt!al"o:.org and provides the following addedf!nctionality%

a. The virt!al $S* =.8 (+3C) deviceG see Section 9.@8.@# $S* settingsB.

". The virt!al $S* 9.8 (:3C) deviceG see Section 9.@8.@# $S* settingsB.

c. -irt!al*o: 1emote &esktop Protocol (-1&P) s!pportG see Section .@#1emote display (-1&P s!pport)B.

d. 3ost we"cam passthro!ghG see chapter Section Q..@# $sing a hostwe"cam in the g!estB.

e. ntel PF+ "oot 1EM.

f. +:perimental s!pport for PC passthro!gh on 2in!: hostsG see Section Q.K#PC passthro!ghB.

g. &isk image encryption with A+S algorithmG see Section [email protected]# 1&PencryptionB.

-irt!al*o: e:tension packages have a .v"o:e:tpack 'le name e:tension. To installan e:tension# simply do!"leclick on the package 'le and a /etwork EperationsManager window will appear# g!iding yo! thro!gh the re!ired steps.

https://www.virtualbox.org/manual/ch14.htmlhttps://www.virtualbox.org/manual/ch14.htmlhttps://www.virtualbox.org/manual/ch14.htmlhttps://www.virtualbox.org/manual/ch02.htmlhttps://www.virtualbox.org/manual/ch02.htmlhttps://www.virtualbox.org/manual/ch02.htmlhttp://www.virtualbox.org/https://www.virtualbox.org/manual/ch03.html#settings-usbhttps://www.virtualbox.org/manual/ch03.html#settings-usbhttps://www.virtualbox.org/manual/ch07.html#vrdehttps://www.virtualbox.org/manual/ch07.html#vrdehttps://www.virtualbox.org/manual/ch09.html#webcam-passthroughhttps://www.virtualbox.org/manual/ch09.html#webcam-passthroughhttps://www.virtualbox.org/manual/ch09.html#pcipassthroughhttps://www.virtualbox.org/manual/ch09.html#pcipassthroughhttps://www.virtualbox.org/manual/ch07.html#vrde-crypthttps://www.virtualbox.org/manual/ch07.html#vrde-crypthttps://www.virtualbox.org/manual/ch14.htmlhttps://www.virtualbox.org/manual/ch02.htmlhttp://www.virtualbox.org/https://www.virtualbox.org/manual/ch03.html#settings-usbhttps://www.virtualbox.org/manual/ch03.html#settings-usbhttps://www.virtualbox.org/manual/ch07.html#vrdehttps://www.virtualbox.org/manual/ch07.html#vrdehttps://www.virtualbox.org/manual/ch09.html#webcam-passthroughhttps://www.virtualbox.org/manual/ch09.html#webcam-passthroughhttps://www.virtualbox.org/manual/ch09.html#pcipassthroughhttps://www.virtualbox.org/manual/ch09.html#pcipassthroughhttps://www.virtualbox.org/manual/ch07.html#vrde-crypthttps://www.virtualbox.org/manual/ch07.html#vrde-crypt


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To view the e:tension packs that are c!rrently installed# please start the-irt!al*o: Manager (see the ne:t section).


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1.. Creating your Brst virtual machine

Click on the D/ewD "!tton at the top of the -irt!al*o: Manager window. A wizard willpop !p to g!ide yo! thro!gh setting !p a new virt!al machine (-M)%

En the following pages# the wizard will ask yo! for the "are minim!m of information thatis needed to create a -M# in partic!lar%

@. The #M name will later "e shown in the -M list of the -irt!al*o: Managerwindow# and it will "e !sed for the -M?s 'les on disk. +ven tho!gh any name co!ld"e !sed# keep in mind that once yo! have created a few -Ms# yo! will appreciate

if yo! have given yo!r -Ms rather informative namesG DMy -MD wo!ld th!s "e less!sef!l than D0indows FP SP= with EpenELceD.

=.


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0ote

Choose this setting caref!llyR The memory yo! give to the -M will not"e availa"le to yo!r host ES while the -M is r!nning# so do not specifymore than yo! can spare.


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The drop7do+n list presented in the window contains all disk images whichare c!rrently remem"ered "y -irt!al*o:# pro"a"ly "eca!se they arec!rrently attached to a virt!al machine (or have "een in the past).

Alternatively# yo! can click on the small 'older /utton ne:t to the dropdown list to "ring !p a standard 'le dialog# which allows yo! to pick any diskimage 'le on yo!r host disk.

Most pro"a"ly# if yo! are !sing -irt!al*o: for the 'rst time# yo! will want to createa new disk image. 3ence# press the D/ewD "!tton.

This "rings !p another window# the @Create 0e+ #irtual 5is9 !i&ard@4 whichhelps yo! create a new disk image 'le in the new virt!al machine?s folder.

-irt!al*o: s!pports two types of image 'les%

• A dynamically allocated Ble will only grow in size when the g!est act!allystores data on its virt!al hard disk. t will therefore initially "e small on the

host hard drive and only later grow to the size speci'ed as it is 'lled withdata.

• A Bxed7si&e Ble will immediately occ!py the 'le speci'ed# even if only afraction of the virt!al hard disk space is act!ally in !se. 0hile occ!pyingm!ch more space# a ':edsize 'le inc!rs less overhead and is thereforeslightly faster than a dynamically allocated 'le.

.=9# -*o:ManagemodifyhdB for details).

After having selected or created yo!r image 'le# again press @0ext@ to go to thene:t page.

. After clicking on @inish@# yo!r new virt!al machine will "e created. 4o! will thensee it in the list on the left side of the Manager window# with the name yo!entered initially.

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0ote

After "ecoming familiar with the !se of wizards# consider !sing the +:pertMode availa"le in some wizards. 0here availa"le# this is selecta"le !sing a"!tton# and speeds !p !ser processes !sing wizards.

1.. unning your virtual machine

To start a virt!al machine# yo! have several options%

• &o!"leclick on its entry in the list within the Manager window or

• select its entry in the list in the Manager window it and press the DStartD "!tton atthe top or

• for virt!al machines created with -irt!al*o: H.8 or later# navigate to theD-irt!al*o: -MsD folder in yo!r system !ser?s home directory# 'nd thes!"directory of the machine yo! want to start and do!"leclick on the machine

settings 'le (with a .v"o: 'le e:tension).

This opens !p a new window# and the virt!al machine which yo! selected will "oot !p.+verything which wo!ld normally "e seen on the virt!al system?s monitor is shown inthe window# as can "e seen with the image in Section @.=# Some terminologyB.

n general# yo! can !se the virt!al machine m!ch like yo! wo!ld !se a real comp!ter. There are co!ple of points worth mentioning however.

1..1. Starting a ne+ #M 'or the Brst time

0hen a -M gets started for the 'rst time# another wizard the @irst Start !i&ard@ will pop !p to help yo! select an installation medium. Since the -M is created empty#it wo!ld otherwise "ehave ,!st like a real comp!ter with no operating system installed%it will do nothing and display an error message that no "oota"le operating system wasfo!nd.


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f yo!r medi!m is not in the list (especially if yo! are !sing -irt!al*o: for the 'rsttime)# select the small folder icon ne:t to the dropdown list to "ring !p a standard'le dialog# with which yo! can pick the image 'le on yo!r host disks.

n "oth cases# after making the choices in the wizard# yo! will "e a"le to install yo!roperating system.

1..-. Capturing and releasing 9ey/oard and mouseAs of version 9.=# -irt!al*o: provides a virt!al $S* ta"let device to new virt!almachines thro!gh which mo!se events are comm!nicated to the g!est operatingsystem. As a res!lt# if yo! are r!nning a modern g!est operating system that can handles!ch devices# mo!se s!pport may work o!t of the "o: witho!t the mo!se "eingDcapt!redD as descri"ed "elowG seeSection 9.H.@# DMother"oardD ta"B for moreinformation.

Etherwise# if the virt!al machine only sees standard PS6= mo!se and key"oard devices#since the operating system in the virt!al machine does not DknowD that it is not r!nning

on a real comp!ter# it e:pects to have e:cl!sive control over yo!r key"oard and mo!se. This is# however# not the case since# !nless yo! are r!nning the -M in f!ll screen mode#yo!r -M needs to share key"oard and mo!se with other applications and possi"ly other-Ms on yo!r host.

As a res!lt# initially after installing a g!est operating system and "efore yo! install theJ!est Additions (we will e:plain this in a min!te)# only one of the two yo!r -M or therest of yo!r comp!ter can DownD the key"oard and the mo!se. 4o! will seea second mo!se pointer which will always "e con'ned to the limits of the -M window.*asically# yo! activate the -M "y clicking inside it.

To ret!rn ownership of key"oard and mo!se to yo!r host operating system# -irt!al*o:reserves a special key on yo!r key"oard for itself% the @host 9ey@. *y defa!lt# this isthe right Control key on yo!r key"oardG on a Mac host# the defa!lt host key is the leftCommand key. 4o! can change this defa!lt in the -irt!al*o: Jlo"al Settings#see Section @.@# Jlo"al SettingsB. n any case# the c!rrent setting for the host key isalways displayed at the bottom right of your VM window sho!ld yo! have forgottena"o!t it%

n detail# all this translates into the following%

• 4o!r 9ey/oard is owned "y the -M if the -M window on yo!r host desktop hasthe key"oard foc!s (and then# if yo! have many windows open in yo!r g!estoperating system as well# the window that has the foc!s in yo!r -M). This meansthat if yo! want to type within yo!r -M# click on the title "ar of yo!r -M window'rst.

To release key"oard ownership# press the 3ost key (as e:plained a"ove# typicallythe right Control key).

/ote that while the -M owns the key"oard# some key se!ences (like AltTa" fore:ample) will no longer "e seen "y the host# "!t will go to the g!est instead. Afteryo! press the host key to reena"le the host key"oard# all key presses will go

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thro!gh the host again# so that se!ences like AltTa" will no longer reach theg!est.


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o $se the items in the DMachineD men! of the virt!al machine window. Thereyo! will 'nd Dnsert CtrlAlt&eleteD and DCtrlAlt*ackspaceDG the latterwill only have an eIect with 2in!: or Solaris g!ests# however.

o Press special key com"inations with the 3ost key (normally the right Controlkey)# which -irt!al*o: will then translate for the virt!al machine%

6ost 9ey D 5el to send CtrlAlt&el (to re"oot the g!est)G

6ost 9ey D $ac9space to send CtrlAlt*ackspace (to restart thegraphical !ser interface of a 2in!: or Solaris g!est)G

6ost 9ey D 1 (or other f!nction keys) to sim!late CtrlAlt. esi&ing the machineEs +indo+

4o! can resize the virt!al machine?s window when it is r!nning. n that case# one ofthree things will happen%

@. f yo! have @scale mode@ ena"led# then the virt!al machine?s screen will "escaled to the size of the window. This can "e !sef!l if yo! have many machinesr!nning and want to have a look at one of them while it is r!nning in the"ackgro!nd. Alternatively# it might "e !sef!l to enlarge a window if the -M?so!tp!t screen is very small# for e:ample "eca!se yo! are r!nning an old operatingsystem in it.

To ena"le scale mode# press the host 9ey D C# or select DScale modeD from theDMachineD men! in the -M window. To leave scale mode# press the host key Cagain.

The aspect ratio of the g!est screen is preserved when resizing the window. Toignore the aspect ratio# press Shift d!ring the resize operation.

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Please see Chapter @H# Known limitations for additional remarks.

=. f yo! have the J!est Additions installed and they s!pport a!tomatic resi&ing#the J!est Additions will a!tomatically ad,!st the screen resol!tion of the g!estoperating system. pi:els and yo! then resize the -M window to make it @88pi:els wider# the J!est Additions will change the 0indows display resol!tion to@@=H:K>.

Please see Chapter H# Guest Additions for more information a"o!t the J!estAdditions.

9. Etherwise# if the window is "igger than the -M?s screen# the screen will "ecentered. f it is smaller# then scroll "ars will "e added to the machine window.

1..?. Saving the state o' the machine

0hen yo! click on the DCloseD "!tton of yo!r virt!al machine window (at the top right of

the window# ,!st like yo! wo!ld close any other window on yo!r system)# -irt!al*o: asksyo! whether yo! want to DsaveD or Dpower oID the -M. (As a shortc!t# yo! can alsopress the 3ost key together with DVD.)

The diIerence "etween these three options is cr!cial. They mean%

• Save the machine state3 0ith this option# -irt!al*o: DfreezesD the virt!almachine "y completely saving its state to yo!r local disk.

0hen yo! start the -M again later# yo! will 'nd that the -M contin!es e:actlywhere it was left oI. All yo!r programs will still "e open# and yo!r comp!terres!mes operation. Saving the state of a virt!al machine is th!s in some wayssimilar to s!spending a laptop comp!ter (e.g. "y closing its lid).

• Send the shutdo+n signal. This will send an ACP sh!tdown signal to the virt!almachine# which has the same eIect as if yo! had pressed the power "!tton on areal comp!ter. So long as the -M is r!nning a fairly modern operating system# thissho!ld trigger a proper sh!tdown mechanism from within the -M.

• Po+er oF the machine3 0ith this option# -irt!al*o: also stops r!nning thevirt!al machine# "!t without saving its state.

!arning

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This is e!ivalent to p!lling the power pl!g on a real comp!terwitho!t sh!tting it down properly. f yo! start the machine again afterpowering it oI# yo!r operating system will have to re"oot completelyand may "egin a lengthy check of its (virt!al) system disks. As ares!lt# this sho!ld not normally "e done# since it can potentially ca!sedata loss or an inconsistent state of the g!est system on disk.

As an e:ception# if yo!r virt!al machine has any snapshots (see the ne:t chapter)#yo! can !se this option to !ickly restore the current snapshot of the virt!almachine. n that case# powering oI the machine will not disr!pt its state# "!t anychanges made since that snapshot was taken will "e lost.

The @5iscard@ "!tton in the -irt!al*o: Manager window discards a virt!al machine?ssaved state. This has the same eIect as powering it oI# and the same warnings apply.

1.G. Using #M groups

-M gro!ps ena"le the !ser to create ad hoc gro!ps of -Ms# and to manage and performf!nctions on them collectively# as well as individ!ally. There are a n!m"er of feat!resrelating to gro!ps%

@. Create a gro!p !sing J$ option @) &rag one -M on top of another -M.

Create a gro!p !sing J$ option =) Select m!ltiple -Ms and select DJro!pD on theright click men!# as follows%

=. Command line option @) Create a gro!p and assign a -M%

-*o:Manage modifyvm D


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t creates the gro!ps DTestJro!pD and DTestJro!p=D (if they don?t e:ist yet) andattaches the -M D


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take another snapshot# yo! will see that they will "e displayed in se!ence# andeach s!"se!ent snapshot is derived from an earlier one%

-irt!al*o: imposes no limits on the n!m"er of snapshots yo! can take. The onlypractical limitation is disk space on yo!r host% each snapshot stores the state ofthe virt!al machine and th!s occ!pies some disk space. (See the ne:t section fordetails on what e:actly is stored in a snapshot.)

=. 4o! can restore a snapshot "y rightclicking on any snapshot yo! have taken inthe list of snapshots. *y restoring a snapshot# yo! go "ack (or forward) in time%the c!rrent state of the machine is lost# and the machine is restored to the e:act

state it was in when the snapshot was taken.OH

0ote

1estoring a snapshot will aIect the virt!al hard drives that areconnected to yo!r -M# as the entire state of the virt!al hard drive will"e reverted as well. This means also that all 'les that have "eencreated since the snapshot and all other 'le changes will be lost! norder to prevent s!ch data loss while still making !se of the snapshotfeat!re# it is possi"le to add a second hard drive in Dwritethro!ghDmode !sing the -*o:Manage interface and !se it to store yo!r data. Aswritethro!gh hard drives are not incl!ded in snapshots# they remain!naltered when a machine is reverted. See Section .H# Specialimage write modesB for details.

To avoid losing the c!rrent state when restoring a snapshot# yo! can create a newsnapshot "efore the restore.

*y restoring an earlier snapshot and taking more snapshots from there# it is evenpossi"le to create a kind of alternate reality and to switch "etween these diIerenthistories of the virt!al machine. This can res!lt in a whole tree of virt!al machinesnapshots# as shown in the screenshot a"ove.

9. 4o! can also delete a snapshot# which will not aIect the state of the virt!almachine# "!t only release the 'les on disk that -irt!al*o: !sed to store thesnapshot data# th!s freeing disk space. To delete a snapshot# rightclick on it inthe snapshots tree and select D&eleteD. As of -irt!al*o: 9.=# snapshots can "edeleted even while a machine is r!nning.

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0ote

0hereas taking and restoring snapshots are fairly !ick operations#deleting a snapshot can take a considera"le amo!nt of time sincelarge amo!nts of data may need to "e copied "etween several diskimage 'les. Temporary disk 'les may also need large amo!nts of diskspace while the operation is in progress.

There are some sit!ations which cannot "e handled while a -M is r!nning# andyo! will get an appropriate message that yo! need to perform this snapshotdeletion when the -M is sh!t down.

1.1H.-. Snapshot contents

Think of a snapshot as a point in time that yo! have preserved. More formally# asnapshot consists of three things%

• t contains a complete copy of the -M settings# incl!ding the hardwarecon'g!ration# so that when yo! restore a snapshot# the -M settings are restoredas well. (


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1.11. #irtual machine conBguration

0hen yo! select a virt!al machine from the list in the Manager window# yo! will see as!mmary of that machine?s settings on the right.

Clicking on the DSettingsD "!tton in the tool"ar at the top "rings !p a detailed windowwhere yo! can con'g!re many of the properties of the selected -M. *!t "e caref!l% even

tho!gh it is possi"le to change all -M settings after installing a g!est operating system#certain changes might prevent a g!est operating system from f!nctioning correctly ifdone after installation.

0ote

The DSettingsD "!tton is disa"led while a -M is either in the Dr!nningD orDsavedD state. This is simply "eca!se the settings dialog allows yo! tochange f!ndamental characteristics of the virt!al comp!ter that is createdfor yo!r g!est operating system# and this operating system may not take itwell when# for e:ample# half of its memory is taken away from !nder its

feet. As a res!lt# if the DSettingsD "!tton is disa"led# sh!t down the c!rrent-M 'rst.

-irt!al*o: provides a plethora of parameters that can "e changed for a virt!al machine. The vario!s settings that can "e changed in the DSettingsD window are descri"ed indetail inChapter 9# Con"guring #irtual machines. +ven more parameters are availa"lewith the -irt!al*o: command line interfaceG see Chapter ># VBoxManage.

1.1-. emoving virtual machines

To remove a virt!al machine which yo! no longer need# rightclick on it in the Manager?s-M list select D1emoveD from the conte:t men! that comes !p.

A con'rmation window will come !p that allows yo! to select whether the machinesho!ld only "e removed from the list of machines or whether the 'les associated with itsho!ld also "e deleted.

The D1emoveD men! item is disa"led while a machine is r!nning.

1.1. Cloning virtual machines

To e:periment with a -M con'g!ration# test diIerent g!est ES levels or to simply"ack!p a -M# -irt!al*o: can create a f!ll or a linked copy of an e:isting -M.O

A wizard will g!ide yo! thro!gh the clone process%

https://www.virtualbox.org/manual/ch03.htmlhttps://www.virtualbox.org/manual/ch03.htmlhttps://www.virtualbox.org/manual/ch03.htmlhttps://www.virtualbox.org/manual/ch08.htmlhttps://www.virtualbox.org/manual/ch08.htmlhttps://www.virtualbox.org/manual/ch08.htmlhttps://www.virtualbox.org/manual/ch01.html#ftn.idp46785383608160https://www.virtualbox.org/manual/ch03.htmlhttps://www.virtualbox.org/manual/ch08.htmlhttps://www.virtualbox.org/manual/ch01.html#ftn.idp46785383608160


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This wizard can "e invoked from the conte:t men! of the Manager?s -M list (selectDCloneD) or the DSnapshotsD view of the selected -M.


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@. They can come in several 'les# as one or several disk images# typically in thewidely!sed -M&N format (see Section .=# &isk image 'les (-&# -M&N# -33&&)B) and a te:t!al description 'le in an FM2 dialect with an .ovf e:tension.

These 'les m!st then reside in the same directory for -irt!al*o: to "e a"le toimport them.

=. Alternatively# the a"ove 'les can "e packed together into a single archive 'le#typically with an .ova e:tension. (S!ch archive 'les !se a variant of the TA1archive format and can therefore "e !npacked o!tside of -irt!al*o: with any!tility that can !npack standard TA1 'les.)

To import an appliance in one of the a"ove formats# simply do!"leclick on the E-


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0ote

E-< cannot descri"e snapshots that were taken for a virt!al machine. As ares!lt# when yo! e:port a virt!al machine that has snapshots# only thec!rrent state of the machine will "e e:ported# and the disk images in thee:port will have a DUattenedD state identical to the c!rrent state of thevirt!al machine.

1.1>. 2lo/al Settings The glo"al settings dialog can "e reached thro!gh the ile men!# selectingthe Pre'erences... item. t oIers a selection of settings which apply to all virt!almachines of the c!rrent !ser or in the case of *xtensions to the entire system%

@. 2eneral +na"les the !ser to specify the defa!lt folder6directory for -M 'les# andthe -1&P A!thentication 2i"rary.

=. Input +na"les the !ser to specify the 3ost Ney. t identi'es the key that toggleswhether the c!rsor is in the foc!s of the -M or the 3ost operating system windows

(seeSection @.>.=# Capt!ring and releasing key"oard and mo!seB) and which isalso !sed to trigger certain -M actions (see Section @.>.9# Typing specialcharactersB)

9. Update +na"les the !ser to specify vario!s settings for A!tomatic $pdates.

H. =anguage +na"les the !ser to specify the J$ lang!age.

. 5isplay +na"les the !ser to specify the screen resol!tion# and its width andheight.

K. 0et+or9 +na"les the !ser to con'g!re the details of 3ost Enly /etworks.

. *xtensions +na"les the !ser to list and manage the installed e:tensionpackages.

>. Proxy +na"les the !ser to con'g!re a 3TTP Pro:y Server.

1.1?. Alternative 'ront7ends

As "rieUy mentioned in Section @.9#


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9. -*o:S&2 is an alternative# simple graphical frontend with an intentionally limitedfeat!re set# designed to only display virt!al machines that are controlled in detailwith -*o:Manage. This is interesting for "!siness environments where displaying allthe "ells and whistles of the f!ll J$ is not feasi"le. -*o:S&2 is descri"edin Section Q.@# -*o:S&2# the simpli'ed -M displayerB.

H.


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n addition# 0indows nstaller @.@ or higher m!st "e present on yo!r system. This sho!ld

"e the case if yo! have all recent 0indows !pdates installed.

-.1.-. Per'orming the installation

The -irt!al*o: installation can "e started

• either "y do!"leclicking on its e:ec!ta"le 'le (contains "oth 9= and KH"it

architect!res)

• or "y entering

-irt!al*o:.e:e e:tract

on the command line. This will e:tract "oth installers into a temporary directory in

which yo!?ll then 'nd the !s!al .MS 'les. Then yo! can do a

msie:ec 6i -irt!al*o:WversionM!ltiArchXW:>KYamdKH.msi

to perform the installation.

n either case# this will display the installation welcome dialog and allow yo! to choose

where to install -irt!al*o: to and which components to install. n addition to the

-irt!al*o: application# the following components are availa"le%

$S* s!pport

This package contains special drivers for yo!r 0indows host that -irt!al*o:

re!ires to f!lly s!pport $S* devices inside yo!r virt!al machines.

/etworking

This package contains e:tra networking drivers for yo!r 0indows host that

-irt!al*o: needs to s!pport *ridged /etworking (to make yo!r -M?s virt!al

network cards accessi"le from other machines on yo!r physical network).

Python S!pport

This package contains Python scripting s!pport for the -irt!al*o: AP

(see Chapter @@# VirtualBox programming interfaces).

&epending on yo!r 0indows con'g!ration# yo! may see warnings a"o!t D!nsigned

driversD or similar. Please select DContin!eD on these warnings as otherwise -irt!al*o:

might not f!nction correctly after installation.

The installer will create a D-irt!al*o:D gro!p in the 0indows DStartD men! which allows

yo! to la!nch the application and access its doc!mentation.

0ith standard settings# -irt!al*o: will "e installed for all !sers on the local system. n

case this is not wanted# yo! have to invoke the installer "y 'rst e:tracting it "y !sing

-irt!al*o:.e:e e:tract

and then do as follows%

-irt!al*o:.e:e msiparams A22$S+1SZ=

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or

msie:ec 6i -irt!al*o:WversionM!ltiArchXW:>KYamdKH.msi A22$S+1SZ=

on the e:tracted .MS 'les. This will install -irt!al*o: only for the c!rrent !ser.

f yo! do not want to install all feat!res of -irt!al*o:# yo! can set the

optional A&&2ECA2 parameter to e:plicitly name the feat!res to "e installed. The

following feat!res are availa"le%

-*o:Application

Main "inaries of -irt!al*o:.

0ote

This feat!re m!st not "e a"sent since it contains the minim!m set of 'les to have

working -irt!al*o: installation.

-*o:$S*

$S* s!pport.

-*o:/etwork

All networking s!pportG incl!des the -*o:/etworkKYamdKH.msi A&&2ECA2Z-*o:Application#-*o:$S*

The !ser is a"le to choose "etween /&S and /&SK host network 'lters drivers d!ring

the installation. This is realized via a command line parameter /+T0E1NT4P+. The /&SK

driver is defa!lt for 0indows -ista and later.


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msie:ec 6i -irt!al*o:WversionM!ltiArchXW:>KYamdKH.msi /+T0E1NT4P+Z/&S

-.1.. Uninstallation

As -irt!al*o: !ses the standard Microsoft 0indows installer# -irt!al*o: can "e safely

!ninstalled at any time "y choosing the program entry in the DAdd61emove ProgramsD

applet in the 0indows Control Panel.

-.1..8 or higherG

https://www.virtualbox.org/manual/ch01.html#hostossupporthttps://www.virtualbox.org/manual/ch01.html#hostossupport


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• S&2 @.=. or higher (this graphics li"rary is typically called li"sdl or similar).

0ote

To "e precise# these packages are only re!ired if yo! want to r!n the -irt!al*o:

graphical !ser interfaces. n partic!lar# -irt!al*o:# the graphical -irt!al*o: manager#

re!ires "oth Vt and S&2G -*o:S&2# o!r simpli'ed J$# re!ires only S&2. *y contrast# if

yo! only want to r!n -*o:3eadless# neither Vt nor S&2 are re!ired.

-..-. ,he #irtual$ox 9ernel module

-irt!al*o: !ses a special kernel mod!le called v"o:drv to perform physical memory

allocation and to gain control of the processor for g!est system e:ec!tion. 0itho!t this

kernel mod!le# yo! can still !se the -irt!al*o: manager to con'g!re virt!al machines#

"!t they will not start. n addition# there are the network kernel

mod!les v"o:netUt and v"o:netadp which are re!ired for the more advanced networking

feat!res of -irt!al*o:.

The -irt!al*o: kernel mod!le is a!tomatically installed on yo!r system when yo! install

-irt!al*o:. To maintain it with f!t!re kernel !pdates# for those 2in!: distri"!tions which

provide it most c!rrent ones we recommend installing &ynamic Nernel Mod!le

S!pport (&NMS)OQ. This framework helps with "!ilding and !pgrading kernel mod!les.

f &NMS is not already installed# e:ec!te one of the following%

• En an $"!nt! system%

s!do aptget install dkms• En a


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• 0ith &e"ian and $"!nt! releases# yo! m!st install the right version of

the lin!:headers and if it e:ists the lin!:k"!ild package. C!rrent $"!nt!

releases sho!ld have the right packages installed "y defa!lt.

• n even older &e"ian and $"!nt! releases# yo! m!st install the right version

of the kernelheaders package.

• En


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f a s!ita"le kernel mod!le was fo!nd in the package or the mod!le was s!ccessf!lly

"!ilt# the installation script will attempt to load that mod!le. f this fails# please

see Section @=.>.@# 2in!: kernel mod!le ref!ses to loadB for f!rther information.

Ence -irt!al*o: has "een s!ccessf!lly installed and con'g!red# yo! can start it "y

selecting D-irt!al*o:D in yo!r start men! or from the command line (see Section =.9.#

Starting -irt!al*o: on 2in!:B).

2.3.3.2. Using the alternative installer VirtualBox.run!

The alternative installer performs the following steps%

• t !npacks the application 'les to the target directory#

6opt6-irt!al*o:6

which cannot "e changed.

• t "!ilds the -irt!al*o: kernel mod!les (v"o:drv# v"o:netUt and v"o:netadp) and

installs them.

• t creates 6etc6init.d6v"o:drv# an init script to start the -irt!al*o: kernel mod!le.

• t creates a new system gro!p called v"o:!sers.

• t creates sym"olic links in 6!sr6"in to the a shell script (6opt6-irt!al*o:6-*o:) which

does some sanity checks and dispatches to the act!al

e:ec!ta"les# -irt!al*o:# -*o:S&2# -*o:-1&P#-*o:3eadless and -*o:Manage

• t creates 6etc6!dev6r!les.d6K8v"o:drv.r!les# a description 'le for !dev# if that is

present# which makes the $S* devices accessi"le to all !sers in

the v"o:!sers gro!p.

• t writes the installation directory to 6etc6v"o:6v"o:.cfg.

The installer m!st "e e:ec!ted as root with either install or !ninstall as the 'rst parameter.

s!do .6-irt!al*o:.r!n install

Er if yo! do not have the Ds!doD command availa"le# r!n the following as root instead%

.6-irt!al*o:.r!n install

After that yo! need to p!t every !ser which sho!ld "e a"le to access $S* devices from

-irt!al*o: g!ests in the gro!p v"o:!sers# either thro!gh the J$ !ser management tools

or "y r!nning the following command as root%

s!do !sermod a J v"o:!sers !sername

0ote

The !sermod command of some older 2in!: distri"!tions does not s!pport the a option

(which adds the !ser to the given gro!p witho!t aIecting mem"ership of other gro!ps).

n this case# 'nd o!t the c!rrent gro!p mem"erships with the gro!ps command and add

all these gro!ps in a commaseparated list to the command line after the J option# e.g.

like this% !sermod J gro!p@#gro!p=#v"o:!sers !sername.

https://www.virtualbox.org/manual/ch12.html#ts_linux-kernelmodule-fails-to-loadhttps://www.virtualbox.org/manual/ch02.html#startingvboxonlinuxhttps://www.virtualbox.org/manual/ch02.html#startingvboxonlinuxhttps://www.virtualbox.org/manual/ch12.html#ts_linux-kernelmodule-fails-to-loadhttps://www.virtualbox.org/manual/ch02.html#startingvboxonlinuxhttps://www.virtualbox.org/manual/ch02.html#startingvboxonlinux


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2.3.3.3. "erforming a manual installation

f# for any reason# yo! cannot !se the shell script installer descri"ed previo!sly# yo! can

also perform a man!al installation. nvoke the installer like this%

.6-irt!al*o:.r!n keep noe:ec

This will !npack all the 'les needed for installation in the directory install !nder the

c!rrent directory. The -irt!al*o: application 'les are contained in -irt!al*o:.tar."z= which

yo! can !npack to any directory on yo!r system.


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2.3.3.#. Up$ating an$ uninstalling VirtualBox

*efore !pdating or !ninstalling -irt!al*o:# yo! m!st terminate any virt!al machines

which are c!rrently r!nning and e:it the -irt!al*o: or -*o:S-C applications. To !pdate

-irt!al*o:# simply r!n the installer of the !pdated version. To !ninstall -irt!al*o:#

invoke the installer like this%

s!do .6-irt!al*o:.r!n !ninstall

or as root

.6-irt!al*o:.r!n !ninstall

. Starting with version =.=.=# yo! can !ninstall the .r!n package "y invoking

6opt6-irt!al*o:6!ninstall.sh

To man!ally !ninstall -irt!al*o:# simply !ndo the steps in the man!al installation in

reverse order.

2.3.3.%. &utomatic installation of Debian packages

The &e"ian packages will re!est some !ser feed"ack when installed for the 'rst time. The de"conf system is !sed to perform this task. To prevent any !ser interaction d!ring

installation# defa!lt val!es can "e de'ned. A 'le v"o:conf can contain the following

de"conf settings%

virt!al"o: virt!al"o:6mod!lecompilationallowed "oolean tr!evirt!al"o: virt!al"o:6deleteoldmod!les "oolean tr!e

The 'rst line allows compilation of the v"o:drv kernel mod!le if no mod!le was fo!nd

for the c!rrent kernel. The second line allows the package to delete any old v"o:drv

kernel mod!les compiled "y previo!s installations.

These defa!lt settings can "e applied with

de"confsetselections v"o:conf

prior to the installation of the -irt!al*o: &e"ian package.

n addition there are some common con'g!ration options that can "e set prior to the

installation# descri"ed in Section =.9.9.# A!tomatic installation optionsB.

2.3.3.'. &utomatic installation of .rpm packages

The .rpm format does not provide a con'g!ration system compara"le to the de"confsystem. See Section =.9.9.# A!tomatic installation optionsB for how to set some

common installation options provided "y -irt!al*o:.

2.3.3.(. &utomatic installation options

To con'g!re the installation process of o!r .de" and .rpm packages# yo! can create a

response 'le named 6etc6defa!lt6virt!al"o:. The a!tomatic generation of the !dev r!le can

"e prevented "y the following setting%

/STA22X/EX$&+-Z@

The creation of the gro!p v"o:!sers can "e prevented "y

/STA22X/EXJ1E$PZ@

f the line

/STA22X/EX-*EF&1-Z@

https://www.virtualbox.org/manual/ch02.html#linux_install_optshttps://www.virtualbox.org/manual/ch02.html#linux_install_optshttps://www.virtualbox.org/manual/ch02.html#linux_install_optshttps://www.virtualbox.org/manual/ch02.html#linux_install_opts


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is speci'ed# the package installer will not try to "!ild the v"o:drv kernel mod!le if no

mod!le 'tting the c!rrent kernel was fo!nd.

-..


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pkgadd d -irt!al*o:.8.=S!nES.pkg

0ote

f yo! are !sing Solaris 7ones# to install -irt!al*o: only into the c!rrent zone and not

into any other zone# !se pkgadd J.


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-.. Unattended installation

To perform a noninteractive installation of -irt!al*o: we have provided a response 'le

named a!toresponse that the installer will !se for responses to inp!ts rather than ask

them from yo!.

+:tract the tar.gz package as descri"ed in the normal installation. Then open a root

terminal session and e:ec!te%

pkgadd d -irt!al*o:.8.=S!nES:>K n a a!toresponse S$/0v"o:

To perform a noninteractive !ninstallation# open a root terminal session and e:ec!te%

pkgrm n a 6opt6-irt!al*o:6a!toresponse S$/0v"o:

-.


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SAP 3A/A is an inmemory comp!ting platform that has completely transformed the

relational data"ase ind!stry. t com"ines data"ase# application processing# and

integration services on a single platform. The same architect!re also provides li"raries

for predictive# planning# te:t processing# spatial# and "!siness analytics.

$uild /usiness value on the SAP 6A0A plat'orm

Sol!tions powered "y the SAP 3A/A platform s!pport realtime operations# smarterdecision making# and "etter "!siness res!lts. 2earn more a"o!t the "ene'ts of SAP3A/A "elow.

SAP 3A/A is the engine on which completely new applications can "e "ased# a"le tocr!nch the growing masses of data that companies and instit!tions need to o"tain real

time insight into their operations and stakeholders. n the "ook# $he In&Memory 'e#olution coa!thored "y 3asso Plattner and *ernd 2e!kert# yo! will read e:amples on

"oth the "!siness "ene'ts and the technology of SAP 3A/A# addressing readers from

"oth "!siness and technological "ackgro!nds.

SAP 6A0A is an inmemory# col!mnoriented# relational data"ase management

system developed and marketed "ySAP S+. SAP 3A/A was previo!sly called SAP 3igh

Performance Analytic Appliance.

6istory

SAP 6A0A developed or ac!ired technologies# incl!ding T1+F search engine (inmemory col!mnoriented search engine)# P\TM+ (inmemory E2TP data"ase ac!ired

"y SAP in =88)# and Ma:&* with its inmemory liveCache engine. n =88># teams

from SAP S+# working with 3asso Plattner nstit!te and Stanford $niversity#

demonstrated an application architect!re for realtime analytics and aggregation#

mentioned as D3Asso?s /ew Architect!reD in SAP e:ec!tive -ishal Sikka?s "log. *efore

the name D3A/AD sta"ilised# people referred to this prod!ct as D/ew &ata"aseD.

The prod!ct provides *!siness ntelligence allowing realtime response.O> The 'rst

prod!ct shipped in late /ovem"er =8@8. *y mid=8@@# the technology had attractedinterest "!t the conservative "!siness c!stomers still considered it Din early

daysD. 3A/A s!pport for SAP /et0eaver *!siness 0areho!se was anno!nced in

Septem"er =8@@ for availa"ility "y /ovem"er.

n =8@=# SAP promoted aspects of clo!d comp!ting. n Ecto"er =8@=# SAP anno!nced a

variant called 3A/A Ene that !sed a smaller amo!nt of memory onAmazon 0e"

Services for an ho!rly fee.

n an!ary =8@9# SAP enterprise reso!rce planning software from its *!siness S!ite wasanno!nced for 3A/A# and "ecame availa"le "y May. n May =8@9# asoftware as a

service oIering called the 3A/A +nterprise Clo!d service was anno!nced.

1ather than versioning# the software !tilizes service packs.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/In_memory_databasehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Column-oriented_DBMShttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relational_database_management_systemhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relational_database_management_systemhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SAP_SEhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TREX_search_enginehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/In-memory_databasehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/In-memory_databasehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Column-oriented_DBMShttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OLTPhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MaxDBhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SAP_SEhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hasso_Plattner_Institutehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanford_Universityhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vishal_Sikkahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Business_Intelligencehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SAP_HANA#cite_note-set-8https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SAP_NetWeaver_Business_Warehousehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloud_computinghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazon_Web_Serviceshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazon_Web_Serviceshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SAP_ERPhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SAP_Business_Suitehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_as_a_servicehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_as_a_servicehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_versioninghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Service_packhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/In_memory_databasehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Column-oriented_DBMShttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relational_database_management_systemhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relational_database_management_systemhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SAP_SEhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TREX_search_enginehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/In-memory_databasehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/In-memory_databasehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Column-oriented_DBMShttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OLTPhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MaxDBhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SAP_SEhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hasso_Plattner_Institutehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanford_Universityhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vishal_Sikkahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Business_Intelligencehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SAP_HANA#cite_note-set-8https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SAP_NetWeaver_Business_Warehousehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloud_computinghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazon_Web_Serviceshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazon_Web_Serviceshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SAP_ERPhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SAP_Business_Suitehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_as_a_servicehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_as_a_servicehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_versioninghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Service_pack


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SAP 3A/A converges data"ase and application platform capa"ilities inmemory totransform transactions# analytics# te:t analysis# predictive and spatial processing so

"!sinesses can operate in realtime.

1eporting ] Analytics 3arness realtime inmemory analytics and reporting that providethe indepth information yo! needG at the speed yo! need it.

*ig &ata Access and process peta"ytes of str!ct!red# te:t# and spatial data from storess!ch as +&0 and 3adoop ^ and forecast new opport!nities.

&ata Management Capt!re# integrate# and deliver complete and acc!rate information toany application or !ser in real time ^ with SAP &ata Management.

&ata 0areho!sing Streamline data wareho!sing so !sers can pinpoint the rightinformation at the right time# accelerate analyses# and !ncover trends.

Cloud deployments

PlatformasaService (Paas)

E!r inmemory PaaS oIers comprehensive services and capa"ilities to help "!siness

!sers and developers "!ild "etter applications in less time. There are two PaaS options%

the SAP 3A/A Clo!d Platform for enterprises# and SAP 3A/A Ene ^ which is ideal for

departmentscale pro,ects# system integrators# independent software vendors# and

innovative start!ps.

Managed Private Clo!d

E!r managed private clo!d hosting service# SAP 3A/A +nterprise Clo!d# oIers

s!"scription"ased pricing ^ making it easily accessi"le to companies. t_s ideal for

missioncritical applications s!ch as SAP *!siness S!ite# SAP *!siness 0areho!se# and

c!stom SAP 3A/A applications.

Critical Technology &riving *!siness

*y eliminating the divide "etween transactions and analytics# SAP 3A/A allows yo! to

answer any "!siness !estion anywhere in real time.

0hen yo! place predictive analytics# spatial processing and data virt!alization on the

same architect!re# innovating with yo!r "ig data is simpli'ed and accelerated.

SAP 3A/A drives performance# e:pedites processes and tr!ly revol!tionizes "!siness.

http://hana.sap.com/applications/reports-dashboards-analytics.htmlhttp://go.sap.com/solution/big-data.htmlhttp://go.sap.com/solution/platform-technology/data-management.htmlhttp://go.sap.com/solution/platform-technology/data-warehousing.htmlhttp://hana.sap.com/applications/reports-dashboards-analytics.htmlhttp://go.sap.com/solution/big-data.htmlhttp://go.sap.com/solution/platform-technology/data-management.htmlhttp://go.sap.com/solution/platform-technology/data-warehousing.html


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sap management console

Documents