sanigard-7500

The Cause of Bad Smell ⇒⇒⇒⇒ Bacteria

2

Process of Unpleasent Body Smell Generation

Human

body • Sweating

• Fat secretion

Bacterial

Contamination Foul smell

Contaminat

ion

3

SWEAT AND SMELL

1. Sweating a) Spiritual sweating/strain Sensory excitation b) Thermal sweating/Exercise Thermal excitation

2. Smell of sweat a) Sweat under the arm Initially No Smell

After six hours Foul Smell

b) Storage the sweat under sterile condition After two weeks No Smell

4

Relationship Between Fiber and Microorganism

� Dyeing Factory After dye treatment (while keeping) Coloring, discoloration, deterioration in physical properties

� Clothing Wearing Bad odor Keeping Growth of mildew

5

Bacteria Number on Human Skin

Parts of body Bacteria number (colony forming unit/cm2) Head 1,500,000 Armpit 2,400,000 Forearm 450 Back 310 Forehead 200,000

Total surface area of skin for an adult Approx. 1.6m2

6

Bacteria Number on Worn Socks

Subject Left Foot/Right Foot

Bacterial Number (C.F.U./cm2) Toe Heel Instep

A Left 4.7x105 3.4x105 8.9x102

Right 5.4x105 1.7x105 4.6x102

B Left 5.8x106 3.9x106 3.0x103

Right 1.7x106 4.3x106 2.4x103

C Left 5.3x106 2.1x106 4.3x103

Right 5.2x106 9.4x106 4.8x103

D Left 9.2x106 4.7x106 3.0x103

Right 8.1x106 4.2x106 1.3x104

E Left 3.9x106 1.6x106 9.8x102

Right 5.1x106 2.3x106 2.1x103

F Left 4.3x105 2.7x105 6.6x103

Right 3.0x106 1.7x106 6.3x103

G Left 9.7x105 4.3x105 4.2x104

Right 2.6x106 3.7x106 2.1x104

----

χ

3.7x106 2.2x106 7.9x103

Used socks Cotton 100% Wearing Time 9:00 ~ 17:30 Specimen Size 3cm x 3cm (Cut after wearing)

7

Applications of Antimicrobial Finish

Classification Application

Textiles Socks, underwear, dress-shirt, working uniform, formal dress Bedding & Night clothes (filling of a quilt, quilt cover, sheet, pajamas, blanket) Gloves, hat, handkerchief.

Household goods Kitchen goods (towel, dish cloth, chopping board, water purifier, sponge) Bath room & toilet goods (bathtub, washbowl, bath mat, toothbrush, toilet fixtures, toilet seat cover)

Footwear Shoes, Slippers, shoe insole.

Interior goods Carpet, curtain, upholstery.

Home electric appliances Vacuum cleaner, air cleaner, washing machine, telephone, air conditioner, headphones, floppy disk.

Others Stationary (Ball-point pen, file-cover, folder). Cards (telephone card, cash card). Watch-strap, belt.

8

Methods to Remove Unpleasant Body Smells

� Remove bodily secretions by washing Bathing

� Prevent the growth of bacteria Antimicrobial Agents

� Reduce sweating Antiperspirant

� Deodorize by chemical reaction Deodorant

� Mask with perfume Aromatics/perfume, etc.

� Adsorb with active carbon Active carbon

9

Which Goods Do You Want to be Treated By Antimicrobial Agents ?

The survey was conducted on 1,600 men and women from 20 to 59 year-old. Socks 28.0% Underwear 13.3% Underpants 6.0% Handkerchiefs 5.6% Towels 5.3% Shoes 4.9% Hand straps of train 4.2%

Slippers 3.4% Telephone 2.5% Pantyhose 2.3% Others Toilet seat Chopping Board Wallet Hand towels at coffee shop Remote unit

10

Antimicrobial Finish Socks In Japan

Classification Production Number Antimicrobial finish number

Man’s Socks 400 million/pair 200 million/pair (50%)

Lady’s Socks 300 million 10 million (3%)

Child’s Socks 200 million 20 million (10%)

Stocking 1,300 million 100 million (8%)

Others 100 million 10 million (10%)

Total 2.3 billion/year 340 million/year (15%)

11

Feature of Antimicrobial Agents for Textile

Classification

Treatment Method

Durability Safety (LD50) Leach/Non-leach

Saniguard 7500 Dilute with water Excellent 12,270mg/kg Non-leach

Quaternary Ammonium Compounds

Mix with reactive resin for fiber

Fair 300`400 mg/kg Leach

Biguanide Mix with reactive resin for fiber

Chitin, Chitosan Mix with reactive resin for fiber

Fair >5,000mg/kg Leach

Inorganic Silver Mix with raw materials of synthetic fiber

Excellent >2,000mg/kg Slow-release

Natural extract Microcapsule Good >2,000mg/kg Slow-release

12

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10NUMBER OF WASHES

PE

RC

EN

T R

ET

EN

TIO

N O

F14C

-

SA

NIG

AR

D-7

500

cellulose

acetatecotton

polyester

Effect of repeated washings upon the surface retention of 14C-labeled 3-(trimethoxysilyl)

propyldimethyloctadecyl ammonium chloride on secondary cellulose acetate (A), cotton (B), and

polyester (C).

13

Microoganisms susceptible to Saniguard-7500 Antimicrobial Agent

Bacteria (gram positive) � Streptococcus aureus � Streptococcus faecalis � Bacillus subtilis

Algae � Cyanophyta (blue-green)oscillatoria � Cyanophyta (blue-green) anabaena � Chrysophyta (brown) � Chlorophyta (green) Selenastrum gracile � Chlorophyta (green)Protococcus

Bacteria (gram negative) � Samonella typhosa � Samonella chloeraesius � Escherichia coli � Mycobacterium tuberculosis � Pseudomonas aeruginosa � Aerobacter aerogenes

Fungi � Aspergillus niger � Aspergillus terreus � Chaetonium globosum � Aspergillus flarres � Aspergillus verrucaria � Pencillum funiculosm � Pullularia pullulans � Cephaldascus fragans � Trichoderm sp. Madison P-42 � Trichophyton interdigital

Yeast

� Saccharomyces cerevisiae � Candida albicans

14

Treatment Method of SANIGUARD – 7500

Dilute with water

Treatment concentration : Depend on materials, treatment method, usage, etc.

Treatment Machine

� Yarn

� Obermaier package dyeing machine

� Hank dyeing machine

� Cheese dyeing machine

� Textile fabric

� Wince dyeing machine

� Pad-roll dyeing machine

� Finished Goods

� Drum dyeing machine

15

MINIMUM INHIBITORY

CONCENTRATION (MIC)

16

Antimicrobial Activity Evaluation Methods of SANIGUARD – 7500

1. MIC

2. AATCC Test Method 30

3. AATCC Test Method 90 (Halo Test)

4. AATCC Test Method 100

5. AATCC Test Method 100, Modified

6. Shake Flask Test Method

17

American Association of Textile Chemists

and Colorists Test Method 30

(AATCC Test Method 30)

18

RESULTS

Minimum Inhibitory Concentration Test SANIGUARD 7500 Antimicrobial Agent

Test Organism MIC(mg/ml.)

Streptococcus faecalis Gram(+) Bacteria 10

Escherichia coli Gram(-)Bacteria 100

Pseudomonas aeruginosa Gram(-) Bacteria 100

Aspergillus niger Fungus 1000

19




20

Halo Test (Bactericidal Test)

1. Inoculum is mixed with nutrient agar media

2. Pour into sterilized petri dish and make agar plates

3. Put specimen on the center of the plates

4. Incubate at 37ºC

21

LEACHING CONCENTRATION OF TREATED AGENT

Leaching concentration

Limit point of bactericidal concentration Live bacteria

Dead bacteria Near Distance from the sample Far

Hig

h co

nce

ntr

atio

n

Lo

w c

on

cen

trat

ion

22

AGAR PLATE MIXED INOCULUM

Treated sample

Antimicrobial agent treated sample is spread into Agar plate (leaching)

Halo Test

23




24

RESULTS American Association of Textile Chemists And Colorists Method 100, Antimicrobials on Fabrics1

SANIGUARD 7500 Antimicrobial Agent Treated Non-wovens

Sample Microorganism Percent Reduction

Control Staphylococcus aureus 16

Treated Gram(+) Bacteria 100

Control Escherichia coli 0

Treated Gram(-) Bacteria 99.6

Control Klebsiella pneumoniae 0

Treated Gram(-) Bacteria 100

Control Saccharomyces cerevisiae 0

Treated Yeast 99.9

1. Octyl phenol 10 moles surfactant used.

25

AATCC Test Method 100, Modified

26

AATCC Test Method 100-1981, Modified

11. Notes and References

11.10 The dilution of the test organism may be prepared in 0.85% saline solution if a

steady- state culture is desired is desired during the contact period with a fabric.

11.11 A surfactant may be added to the dilution medium to cause a reduction in bacterial

numbers, by prior testing at the intended use concentration.

27

SHAKE FLASK TEST METHOD

Method # 1 1 ml 1 ml 10 ml 5 ml

B.H.I. Agar

Streak Culture (24 h at 37ºC)

Method #2

Stock Culture Nutrient Broth Nutrient Broth PO4 Buffer PO4 Buffer PO4 Buffer PO4 Buffer Shake culture (52% T/475 nm) 9 ml 9 ml 90 ml 70 ml

[S. Aureus 4-10 h at 37ºC] [K. pneumoniae 16-20 h at 37ºC]

Nutrient Broth Shake culture (18 h at 37ºC)

1 ml 1 ml 1 ml T.G.E. Agar 0 time

PO4 Buffer Incubate for 18-24 h at 37ºC 9 ml 9 ml 1 ml 1 ml 1 ml Sample 1 ml PO4 Buffer 9 ml T.G.E. Agar Time Shake 1 ml 1 ml

28

Incubate for 18-24 h at 37ºC

29

Calculation of Shake Flask Test Method

Reduction rate (%) = (Test bacteria number before shaking) – (Test bacteria number before shaking) x 100 (%)

(Test bacteria number before shaking)

30

RESULTS Clinical Isolate Control2

Saniguard 7500 Antimicrobial Agent Treated Nonwovens

Sample Microorganism Percent Reduction

Untreated1 Citrobacter diversus 14.3 Treated Wound Isolate 93.6 Inoculum 0 Untreated Pseudomonus aeruginosa 28.3 Treated Urine Isolate 99.9 Inoculum 0 Untreated Staphylococcus aureus 0 Treated Wound Isolate 99.7 Inoculum 0 Untreated Escherichia coli 11.6 Treated Urin Isolate 98.6 Inoculum 0 Untreated Proteus mirabilis 0 Treated Wound Isolate 99.5 Inoculum 0

1. Sontara Fabric 2. Shake Flask Test,

31

Features of Shake Flask Test Method

1. Can reduce personal error.

2. Can observe a change on standing using the same specimen,

3. Can evaluate even hydrophobic fiber.

4. No effect of neutralizer.

5. Can evaluate powder, plastic, etc.

32

MODEL OF BACTERICIDAL ACTION

Fiber Inoculum Fiber Sanigard-7500 treatment Inocumum

Solved agent Survived bacteria

Death bacteria Death bacteria

(a) Water soluble type (b) Water non-soluble type [Sanigard-7500]

33

SAFETY OF SANIGUARD - 7500

Acute Oral Toxicity/LD50

� One of the most typical toxicity evaluation tests in case of ingestion.

� Test method/Using albino rats belong to mouse and feeding with test samples. The number of

fifty percent death was calculated from the dead rat number statistically

34

SAFETY TEST

� Acute Oral Toxicity---------------------------------------------- Albino Rats

� Acute Dermal Toxicity-------------------------------------------- Albino Rat

� Eye Irritation--------------------------------------------------- Albino Rabbits

� Primary Skin Irritation------------------------------------- Albino Rabbits

� Four-Day static Fish Toxicity Studies----------------- Rainbow Trout and Bluegills

� Human Repeated Insult patch Test

� 28-Day subacute Dermal Toxicity study--------------------- Albino Rabbits

� Acute vapor Inhalation Toxicity study--------------------- Albino Rats

� Host mediated assay for detection of mutations induced

� Three week vaginal irritation study Beagle dogs

� 32-day human wear test for socks

� Three month human wear test for athletic socks

� Teratogenic study Albino Rats

� Mutagenicity evaluation

� In vitro mammalian cell transformation assay in the absence of exogenous metabolic activation

� Acute toxicity Daphnia magna

� Percutaneous absorption Rabbits

� Eight day dietary Mallard duck

� Acute oral toxicity Mallard duck

35

Acute Oral Toxicity/ LD50

� Saniguard 7500 12.27 g/kg

� Salt 3.0 g/kg

� Sorbic acid (food additive agent, disinfectant) 10.5 g/kg

� Caffeine (coffee, tea) 0.19 g/kg

� Sodium nitrife (a color former, disinfectant) 0.085 g/kg

� Ethylacohol (wine, whisky) 14 g/kg

36

(2) Sock wear test/3 month human wear test

� Test method:

o Socks made of wool, cotton, nylon, acrylic were treated with Saniguard-7500 and worn by 44 young

men, American football player, for 3-month continuously

� Test result:

o No observation of skin irritation or skin sensitization

(3) Percutaneous absorption test

� Test method:

o Backs of rabbit wear clipped free, aqueous solution containing 14C-labeled Saniguard 7500 was

applied. The Rabbits were kept for ten days. 14C contents in urine and feces were analyzed everyday.

After ten- test-day, whole liver, kidneys, lung, spleen, brain and gonads were removed and 14C content

were analyzed.

� Test result:

o No observation of 14C in urine, faces and all organs. It proved that Saniguard 7500 was not absorbed

from the skin of rabbits.

37

Application of SANIGUARD 7500

� Sock (men’s casual, pantyhose, sport, tights)

� Underwear (undershirt, underpants, short)

� Fillings of bed quilt (polyester, wool, down)

� Bedding & night clothes (pajamas, sheet, quilt cover, pillow case, blanket)

� Carpet (hospital, School)

� Curtain (hospital)

� Towel (face, hand, bath, sport)

� Dish cloth, table towel

� Oshibori (steamed towel)

� Outer wear (formal suit, casual suit)

� Handkerchief

� Sport bag

� Filter (vacuum cleaner, air cleaner)

� Mask

� Glove (Kitchen, garden, agriculture & fishing, industry, skiing, golf)

� Shoe insole

� Shoes, sandals, slippers

� Sponge (kitchen, bathroom)

� Mat (Kitchen, bathroom)

� Toilet seat cover & mat

� Shoe keeper

� Uniform (working, hospital)

sanigard-7500

Documents