san joaquin valley air district's 2004 air quality ... 6 - patrick.pdf · us rank by county...

Valley Air Solutions

San Joaquin Valley Air District's San Joaquin Valley Air District's 2004 Air Quality Symposium,2004 Air Quality Symposium,

Unique Valley, Unique SolutionsUnique Valley, Unique Solutions30 September 200430 September 2004

Robert PatrickValley Air Solutions LLC

Dairy Power Production & Dairy Power Production & Methane Emission ReductionsMethane Emission Reductions


2003 Milk Production County Ranking California Dept. of Food & Agriculture


Tulare CountyMerced CountyStanislaus CountyKings CountySan Joaquin CountyKern CountyFresno CountyMadera County

Source: Federal Market Administrator 4/2004

Number of Dairies32331631315515141

10956

US Rank by County1st

2nd

3rd

5th

8th

9th

10th

19th

Dairy Demographics

1464


2500 Cow Dairy in San Joaquin Valley“Just expanded to 5000 Cows”

2500 Cows3 Treatment Lagoons

1 Holding Pond~770 Acres

Annual Utilities~$155,000 Electricity~$30,000 Propane


7000 Cow Dairy in San Joaquin Valley“Planning to Expand”

7100 Cows3 Separators

2 Holding Ponds


Accepted Dairy Emissions

Odors Carbon Dioxide (CO2)

Dust Ammonia (NH3)

Methane (CH4) Hydrogen Sulphide (H2S)

PM-10 (Particulate Matter)

Others – Research @ CSU Fresno & UC Davis

Note: Methane much more potent Green House Gas (GHG) as Carbon Dioxide (CO2). Approximately 20 times greater.

Note: “Ammonia is of concern because it combines with nitrogen or sulphur oxides to create irritating, fine dust particles that pose health risks.” - Dr. Frank Mitloehner, UC Davis Press Release 2004

Source: UCCE Dairy Management SeriesDairying and Air Emissions, Tom Shultz and Carol Collar


Potential Importance of AFO Emissions

Source: National Research CouncilAir Emissions for Animal Feeding Operations – 2003


San Joaquin Valley Dairies Northern & Central Dairy Clusters


San Joaquin Valley Dairies Southern Dairy Cluster


ElectricityElectricity

Digester Bacteria

BiogasBiogas

Solids Separation Natural Gas Engineor Micro-Turbinewith Generator

Biogas Treatment

DigestionDigestionManureManureFeedFeed

Digester & Generation Plant Process Flow“Going Beyond State & Federal Requirements”

Example - 2500 Milking Cow Dairy (Approximates)

Biogas production 100 SCFM – 60% up to 80% MethaneElectrical Output 250 – 300 kilowatts (KW)

Annual Value $111,000 to $223,000 (@85%, before O&M)

Bonus PotentialOne-time Self-Gen Rebate up to $450,000 (PG&E & SCE)

Example - 2500 Milking Cow Dairy (Approximates)

Biogas production 100 SCFM – 60% up to 80% MethaneElectrical Output 250 – 300 kilowatts (KW)

Annual Value $111,000 to $223,000 (@85%, before O&M)

Bonus PotentialOne-time Self-Gen Rebate up to $450,000 (PG&E & SCE)


Environmental Benefits of a Covered Lagoon Anaerobic Digester

Odor control. The effluent odor from anaerobic digesters is significantly less than odors from conventional manure management systems.

Greenhouse gas reduction. Biogas recovery systems capture and combust methane, thus reducing greenhouse gas emissions. In addition, by off-setting energy that would otherwise be derived from fossil fuels, biogas recovery and use can help reduce overall quantities of carbon dioxide, another GHG.

Ammonia control. Ammonia emissions from livestock manures—especially emissions from anaerobic lagoons used in the treatment and storage of these manures—are a growing environmental concern.

Water quality protection. Anaerobic digestion provides several water quality benefits. When an anaerobic digester system, especially a covered lagoon, is properly managed, phosphorous and metals, such as copper and zinc, will settle out, thus reducing phosphorous and metals loadings to surface waters when manure is land-applied.

Source: Managing Manure with Biogas Recovery, US EPA


Typical Happy Cow

1. Manure is Flushed and Collected from Feeding Alleys

ManureManureFeedFeed


Covered Lagoon Style Anaerobic Digester

1. Large Solids are Separated & Removed2. Manure Waste Water (<5% Solids) Enters Digester(above)3. Waste Water Digested by Bacteria4. Digestion Process Produces Biogas (~60% up to 80% Methane)5. 40 - 60 Days Later Waste Water Exits – As Fertilizer

BiogasBiogasDigestionDigestion


Biogas Converted Engine & Generator

1. Biogas Treated to Remove Hydrogen Sulphide (H2S)2. Biogas Fuels a Converted Natural Gas Engine3. Engine Turns the Generator to Make Electricity4. Electricity Meter Runs “Backwards” for Credit5. Heat Exchanger Makes Hot Water or Steam

ElectricityElectricityBiogasBiogas


Beyond Current Air Regulationsof Manure Waste and Lagoons

No Controls

Anaerobic Treatment

Lagoon

Anaerobic Digester & Biogas Recovery

Covered Anaerobic Lagoon & Flare

Anaerobic Digester & Biogas Recovery

Covered Anaerobic Lagoon & Flare

Current Dairies &

Small Dairies

New / Expanding

Large Dairies

Current Air Requirements

BeyondAir Requirements

1464

??


Proposed New Dairies in Kern County“Kern County Web Site & Planning Department”

214,160

23 Dairy Animal Facilities


Conclusions

1464 Dairies in San Joaquin Valley

More Dairies Likely to Relocate into the Valley

Dairy Emissions have Global, Regional & Local Potential Impacts

Updated Dairy Emission Research Expected in 1st Half 2005

Emission Reduction & Control Technology Exists

Manure Digesters Produce Renewable Energy & Control Methane

Significant Public Subsidies Exist for Self Generated Electricity

Unique Valley – YES!

Unique Solutions – ABSOLUTELY!


Some conclusions so far….Valley Air Solutions LLC

www.valleyairsolutions.com

Robert Patrick

[email protected]

direct: (209) 430-7600

toll free: (877) 430-7600

Contact Information


Digestion Explained

Source: Methane Recovery from Animal Manures The Current Opportunities Casebook

san joaquin valley air district's 2004 air quality ... 6 - patrick.pdf · us rank by county...

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