Field Report

Salt Range

Submitted to

Mr. Salman Khattak

Submitted By

Samiullah

Roll Number

5208

Semester

4th

Department

Geology

University Of Haripur

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Table of Contents

S.NO Topics Page No

1 Acknowledgement2 Abstract3 Introduction4 Day# 15 Stop Number 1) Pidh Choa saidan shah road6 Measuring Strike7 Measuring Dip8 Day# 29 Stop number 2) Katas Raj youth hostel10 Sakessor limestone11 Stop Number 2)Dandot road12 Baghanwala formation13 Tobra formation14 Dandot formation15 Warcha sandstone16 Stop# 3 Khewra George17 Salt range formation18 Khewra formation19 Khussak formation20 Jutana formation21 Pictures of Day# 222 Day# 323 Stop No 1) Pail Khushab Road24 Siwalik groups25 Stop No 2) Pail khushab road26 Hangu formation27 Lochart formation28 Patala formation29 Sakessor limestone30 Stop No 3) Pail Khushab road31 Sardai formation32 Stop No 4) Pail Khushab road33 Day# 434 Stop No 1) Nammal George

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35 Wargal limestone36 Chidru formation37 Mianwali formation38 Permo-Triassic boundry39 Tredian formation40 Kingriyali formation41 Data formation42 Samansuk formation43 Hangu formation44 Lochart formation45 Patala formation46 Nammal formation47 Sakessor formation48 Siwalik groups49 Kalabagh conglomerates50 Angular unconformity51 Stop No 2) Zaluch nala52 Tobra formation53 Sardai clays54 Amb formation55 Warcha formation56 Wargal limestone57 Kalbagh trustfault58 Day No 559 Stop No 1) Talakang-Fateh Jang road Dhok pathan formation

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AcknowledgementThanks to Allah Almighty who gave me strength to be a part of fieldtrip to salt range and gave me sense to understand the demonstration given by teachers at the field, that was organized by Department of Geology University of Haripur and. After that I would like to thanks to my instructors, Sir Salman Khattak, Sir Azeem Shah and Sir Toufeeq Ahmed, who were with us during our field and they helped me a lot during the field trip. I am very thankful to Sir Hammad (Pakistan museum of natural history) for sharing his knowledge about salt range.I Am very thankful to Ahsan Saeed(Seniour) for guidance.

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AbstractThe Salt Range contains the most important geologic and paleontological localities in Pakistan, and is one of the outstanding field areas in the entire world. Despite its easy accessibility, it has a wealth of geological and paleontological features. In fact, it represents an open book of geology where various richly fossiliferous stratified rocks are very well exposed due to lack of vegetation. These include the Permian carbonate succession with its outstanding brachiopod fauna, Lower Triassic ammonoid beds (the Mianwali Formation, formerly known as "Ceratite Beds"), and Lower Tertiary marine strata with age diagnostic foraminifera. These rocks also provide an excellent opportunity for appreciation of tectonics in the field. In addition to the easily available roadside geology, some prominent gorges provide fantastic locations to study the sedimentary succession. Older strata are exposed in the eastern Salt Range between the Khewra-Choa Saidan Shah, including the famous Khewra Gorge. In the west, beyond Kallar Kahar, are younger strata such as in the Nilawahan Gorge at Nurpur, the Nammal Gorge near Mianwali.

This succession has been rightly called a Field Museum of Geology and Paleontology and can be classified as one of the great paleontological areas of the world, fully worthy of conservation and protection efforts.

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IntroductionWe made a trip to Salt Range on 9 March after terminal exam of third semester, and we left university at about 8:30 Am. It was a 5 day field. We made a stay at Katas Raj youth Hostel and made observations in Khewra Gorge and Stratigraphy exposed along Dandot road. Also we learned how to determine strike and dip using Brunton Compass.

Then we started out journey to Mianwali, while travelling we made several stops along the road side to study the stratigraphy exposed. And in Mianwali, we made stay in a Restaurant. We had a stay of two days over here and here we observed stratigraphy and in few formations we observed palaeontology exposed in Nammal Gorge and Zaluch Nala.

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Day # 1

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Observations:

Stop Number 1: Pidh Choa Saidan Shah Road

Determination of Strike and Dip using Brinton compass:

At this stop we determined how to find strike and dip at the field.

Measuring Strike:

Strike:

Direction of the line of intersection between a tilted plane and a horizontal plane.

Compass must be horizontal (bull’s eye bubble centered), with compass edge flush to the tilted plane

And note the reading. S50E

Measuring Dip:

Dip:

Place compass on its side, perpendicular to strike.

Level the clinometers (center the bubble).

Read the dip.

10NW

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Day# 2

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Stop number 1) Katas Raj youth hostel:

Observations:

Here we observed Sakesar Limestone, which was highly fossiliferous.

Sakessor limestone

Type Locality

Name was given after peak Sakesar in the Central Salt Range.

Lithology:

As we observed on the field, mostly it was massive creamish to Grey Limestone.

Nodules are present in it.

We also seen chemical dissolution in its upper part.

Fossils:

The formation is rich in fossils, and it mostly contains Foraminifers. Also, it possesses several molluscs and echinoids fossils.

Age:

Early Eocene

Contact:

Lower contact is conformable with Nammal formation while its upper contact is conformable with Chorgalli formation.

Stop number 2) Dandot road

Observations:

Here we observed Baghanwala and Tobra Formation, Dandot and Warcha Sandstone.

Baghanwala Formation:

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Type Locality:

Baghanwala Village, Eastern Salt Range.

Lithology:

It is composed of clay stone, Mud stone, Siltstone and thin bedded flaggy sandstone. The flags are purple, grey or blue green. The part observed by us was reddish in appearance.

Fossils:

No fossil record

Age:

Middle Cambrian

Contacts:

The upper contact is unconformable with Tobra Formation while lower contact is conformable with Juttana Formation.

Environment of Deposition:

Lagoonal with Arid Climatic conditions.

Tobra Formation: Type Locality:

Tobra Eastern Salt Range, Jhelum district, Punjab Province.

Lithology:

Mostly it is composed of conglomerate, and is also called as Tobra Conglomerate.

Contacts:

The lower contact of the Tobra Formation is a widespread unconformity with Khewra Sandstone. The upper contact is (gradational) conformable with the Dandot Formation.

Age:

Early Permian

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Fossils:

The Formation contains rich fauna of brachiopods, bivalves, gastropods, pteropods, bryozoans and ostracodes, as well as spores).

Environment of Deposition:

Shallow Marine

Dandot Formation:

Type Locality:

Dandot Formation is formulized after the village Dandot in Eastern Salt Range, Jhelum district, Punjab Province.

Lithology:

The part observed by us was mostly vegetated, it consist of light-grey to olive green sandstone with occasional pebbly beds and subordinate shale.

Fossils:

We observed no fossil under the study area.

The Formation contains rich fauna of brachiopods, bivalves, gastropods, bryozoans and ostracodes, as well as spores.

Age :

Early Permian

Contacts:

The lower contact of Dandot Formation has a gradational contact with the underlying Tobra Formation. The upper contact is conformable with Warcha Sandstone.

Environment of Deposition:

Shallow Marine

Warcha Sandstone

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Type Locality:

The type section of Warcha Sandstone is Warcha Gorge (lat. 32°27’N; long. 71°58’E), in Central Salt Range, Punjab Province.

Lithology:

The part observed by us was massive sandstone, yellowish to purplish in colour. It was highly jointed. And was medium to coarse grained and is thick bedded.

Fossils:

No diagnostic fossils are known from this Formation.

Age:

,Early Permian age

Contacts:

The lower contact is conformable with Dandot Formation. The upper contact is transitional with the Sardhai Formation which is placed at the top of the highest massive sandstone.

Environment of Deposition

Non-Marine.

Stop Number 3) Khewra Gorge:

Khewra gorge is present in eastern salt range. And is located 1km away from Khewra Town and that is why it is named as Khewra gorge.

Observations:

Here we observed following formations:

1. Salt Range Formation

2. Khewra Formation

3. Khussak Formation

4. Juttana Formation

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We observed these formations, and various Geological Structures as we moved inside Khewra Gorge.

Salt Range Formation

Nomenclature and Type Locality:

The term “Salt Range Formation” has been introduced by Asrarullah (1962) after the Salt Range in the Punjab Province. Previously it was named as “Saline Series” by Wynne (1878) and “Punjab Saline Series” by Gee (1945).Khewra Gorge (lat. 32°40’N; long. 73°00’30” E) in the Eastern Salt Range, Jhelum district, Punjab Province, has been designated as the type section (Shah, 1977)

Lithology:

It has three members:

1) Sahiwal Marl Member:

It consist of Red Marl bed with salt seems, thick bedded gypsum is also found. Khewra trap is also present in some parts of this member.

2) Bandar Kas Gypsum Member:

This member consist of massive gypsum with some salt seems; also we find some minor bed of clay and dolomite in this member.

3) Billianwala Member:

We observed it when we went under the Khewra Salt Mine; we observed salt crystals inside the mine.

Fossils:

It is devoid of fossils.

Age:

Precambrian

Contacts:

Base of the formation is not exposed anywhere including the study area. The upper contact is transitional with the Khewra Sandstone.

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Environment of Deposition:

Evaporitic

We also observe hoodules in salt range formation in which soft rocks was eroded.

Khewra Formation

Type Locality:

Khewra Gorge in the Eastern Salt Range, Jhelum district, Punjab Province.

Lithology:

Here the part of Khewra sandstone we studied appeared to be:

Fine Textured

Compact in form

Maroonish in colour

Gave a smooth touch

Fossils:

The Khewra Sandstone does not contain well-preserved fossils.

Age:

Lower Cambrian

Contacts:

It has its lower contact with Salt Range formation and upper with Khussak formation and both are conformable.

Environment of Deposition:

Deltaic of Fluvial

Sedimentary Structures Ball and pillows structure

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Cross bedding

Ball and Pillows

Ball-and-pillow structures are masses of clastic sediment that take the form of isolatedpillows or protruding ball structures. These soft-sediment deformations are usually found at the base of sandstone beds that are interbedded with mudstone. Cross beddinglayering within a stratum and at an angle to the main bedding plane.

Khussak Formation

Type Locality:

Khussak Fort, Eastern Salt Range, Punjab.

Lithology:

It consists of shale, sandstone and siltstone, and it appeared to be blackish in colour in area of observation.

Fossils:

Though we did not observe any fossils here, but the Formation is reported to be fossiliferous, especially in the upper part. Schindewolf, Seilacher (1955) and Pascoe reported following fossils.

Age :

Early Cambrian.

Contacts:

Lower contact is conformable with Khewra formation by means of micro conglomerates, while upper is conformable with Juttana formation.

Environment of Deposition:

Shallow Marine

Juttana Formation

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Type Locality:

Juttana Formation is formulized after Juttana Village in eastern Salt Range, Punjab.

Lithology:

It is mainly composed of dolomite, also possess shale and sandstone. It appeared to be whitish to creamish in colour.

Fossils:

The Formation contains tracks and burrows of Trilobites.

Age :

Early Cambrian or Early Middle Cambrian age.

Contacts:

Lower contact is conformable with Khussak formation and upper contact is conformable with Baghanwala formation.

Environment of Deposition:

Shallow Marine

Fig# 1: Showing contact between Warcha sandstone, Tobra conglomerates and Baghanwala formation.

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Fig# 2: (A) Showing Sakessor formation (B) showing nodular limestone(C) showing fossils in Sakessor formation.

Fig# 3) Showing contact between baghanwala formation and Tobra formation

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Fig# 4: Showing contact between Khewra formation and Salt range formation

Fig# 5: Showing ball and pillow structure ,, Khewra formation

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Fig# 6 (A) Showing glauconitic sandstone in Khussak formation. (B) Showing Bioturbation in khussak formation

Fig# 7: Showing Jutana formation boulders.

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Day# 3

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Stop Number 1) Pail khushab Road

Observations:

Here we observed Siwaliks (Chinji and Nagri), and as all the siwaliks are of same lithology and it’s difficult to analyse which formation of Siwalik it is.

Siwalik Group

Lithology:

The portion observed by us reddish in colour and was not well compacted in upper part as there was no pressure. It was sandstone friable sandstone. Clay was also present.

Fossils:

No fossils were observed. Though it is reported to be fossiliferous.

Age :

Early Pleistocene to Mid. Miocene

Contacts:

Upper contact is unconformable with Kalabagh Conglomerate, while lower is conformable with Kamlial.

Environment of Deposition:

All siwaliks have fluvial environment of deposition.

Members of Siwalik

The group has following members

1. Chinji

2. Nagri

3. Dhok Patan

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4. Soan

Stop Number 2): Pail Khushab Road Section

Observations:

Here we observed Hangu, Lokhart, Patala and Sakesar.

Hangu Formation

Type Locality:

The Hangu Shale and Hangu Sandstone of Davies (1930) from Kohat area have been formalized by the Stratigraphic Committee of Pakistan (1973) as Hangu Formation. Type section of the formation is Fort Lockhart in the Samana Range.

Lithology:

At that stop, there were two different beds of Hangu formation, one was bedded and other was not and was in form of a thick bed. Its colour appeared to be creamish to brownish, the lower part was also possessed a bit of ferruginous colour.

Fossils:

We did not studied any fossils in the field region. No fossils evidence was seen in the field survey. However, Davies (1937), Cox (1933) reported the mollusks and corals from the upper part of Hangu formation.

Age :

On the basis of the above fossil evidence, and stratigraphic position, Early Paleocene age is assigned to this formation.

Contacts:

Its lower contact is unconformable and was not exposed in area we observed, while upper contact is with Lokhart limestone, at the portion we observed.

Environment of Deposition:

Marine

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Lockhart Limestone

Nomenclature and Type Locality:

Davies (1930) introduced the term “Lockhart Limestone” for the Palaeocene Limestone in the Kohat area after Fort Kohat in Western Kohat. This name is extended by the Stratigraphic Committee of Pakistan for similar units in neighbouring areas.

Lithology:

Here it appeared to be massive creamish to yellowish limestone, with nodules that were not well developed.

Fossils:

It is highly fossiliferous, Lockartia, Assilina, Nummulites was reported in the formation.

Age :

On the basis of fossils, Paleocene age is assigned to it.

Contacts:

Its lower contact is conformable with Hangu formation and upper is conformable with Patala formation.

Environment of Deposition:

Marine

Patala Formation Type Locality:

Patala Nala in Western Salt Range, Mianwali district, Punjab Province has been designated as type section.

Lithology:

At the area of observation, it was vegetated, and thus it was not observed. This formation consists of shales which are dark greenish grey in colour. Coal seams of economic value are also present in this formation.

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Fossils:

Though we did not observed any fossils at observation area, but it is reported that formation is rich in fossils such as: foraminifera, molluscs, and ostracodes.

Age :

The age of the formation is Late Paleocene.

Contacts:

It has its lower contact with Lokhart limestone, and upper was unconformable with Sakessar on field area as we moved a bit forward by roadside, but it do lies conformably with Nammal formation at many places.

Environment of Deposition:

Shelfal (Marine)

Sakesar Limestone

Here Sakesar was forming massive peaks, and was limestone of whitish to greyish colour.

Formation was briefly explained before.

Stop Number 3) Pail Khushab Road

We made another stop at the same road and here we observed:

Observation:

Here Mesozoic unit was absent.

Here we observed Sardhai Formation.

Sardhai Formation

It is fourth member of Nilawahan Group.

Nomenclature and Type Locality:

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“Upper part of Warcha Group” by Noetling (1901) is named as “Lavender Clays” or “Sardhai Formation” by Gee and Pascoe in 1959. Sardhai gorge, eastern Salt Range, Punjab is its type locality.

Lithology:

It consist mostly of clays

Colour was purplish at the portion we observed.

Minor grey sandstone and gypsum is also found.

Fossils:

Though we did not found any fossils in area we observed, but brachiopods are reported in this formation.

Age :

Early Permian

Contacts:

Upper contact is conformable with Amb formation, and lower is conformable with Warcha sandstone.

Environment of Deposition:

Marine

Stop number 4) Pail Khushab Road:

Another Stop was made by us at Pail Khushab Road.

Observations:

Here we observed Warcha sandstone lying over Dandot. Both Warcha and Dandot were explained before. Dandot: Dandot was overlying Warcha and was thin bedded, and was brownish to reddish in

colour. Warcha:Warcha appeared to be thick bedded and reddish in colour

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Fig# 1: Showing contact between Chingi formation and Nagri formation

Fig# 2: Showing contact between Hangu formation, Lockhart formation, Patala formation and Sakessor formation.

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Day # 4)

Stop number 1) Nammal Gorge

Observations:

Here we observed:

1. Highly Fossileferous Wargal Limestone

2. Chidru Formation

3. Mianwali Formation

4. P-T boundary between Chidru-Mianwali

5. Thin Bed of Tredian

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6. Kingriyalli formation

7. Datta Formation

8. Sammana Suk Formation

9. Hangu

10. Lokhart

11. Patala Formation

12. Nammal Formation

13. Sakesar Formation

14. Siwalik Group

15. Alluvium Deposits

16. Angular Unconformity

Wargal Limestone

Nomenclature and Type Locality:

The “Wirgal Group” of Noetling (1901) is formalized as Wargal Formation after the village Wargal in the Central Salt Range, Punjab Province.

Lithology:

Massive Grey Dolomitic Limestone

Highly fractured

Rough Touch

Highly compact and hard

Fossils:

Highly rich in fossils, mostly brachiopods and bivalves and Gastropods were observed by us during the field.

Age :

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Late Permian

Contacts:

The lower contact of Wargal Limestone with the underlying Amb Formation is conformable and is not well defined. The upper contact is transitional with Chidru Formation

Environment of Deposition:

Shallow Marine

Chidru Formation

It is third member of Zaluch Group.

Type Locality:

It was called as Chidru Beds by Waagen (1891), Chidru Group by Dunbar (1932), and is presently called as Chidru formation by stratigraphic committee of Pakistan.

Lithology:

On the field the portion of Chidru formation we observed was whitish in colour and was sandstone.

Fossils:

We did not observe any fossils in this during our field, but Brachiopods and ammonites are reported from Chidru formation.

Age :

On the basis of fossils found, Late Permian age is assigned to it.

Contacts:

Lower contact is conformable with Wargal limestone, while upper was unconformable with Mianwali at the area under study.

Environment of Deposition:

Shallow Marine

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Mianwali Formation

It is first member of Musakhail group.

Type Locality:

Type locality of the formation is Nammal Gorge Western Salt Range.

Lithology:

We observed green colour shale, sandstone

Fossils:

No fossils were observed by us on the field in this formation. Though its reported to have bivalves, brachiopods, ammonoids, nautiloids, echinoid spines and crinoidal remains. (Kummel and Teichert, 1970)

Age :

Early Triassic age is assigned to it on basis of its fossils.

Contacts:

The lower contact with Chhidru Formation is marked by a Paraconformity; upper contact is conformable with Tredian Formation.

Environment of Deposition:

Marine (Open Deltaic)

Permo-Triassic Boundary

It is marked by contact between Chidru and Mianwali. And it is a major unconformity. It is a Paraconformity.

The Permian–Triassic (P–Tr) extinction event, colloquially known as the Great Dying, occurred about 252 Ma (million years) ago, forming the boundary between the Permian and Triassic geologic periods, as well as the Palaeozoic and Mesozoic eras. It is the Earth's most severe known extinction event, with up to 96% of all marine species and 70% of terrestrial vertebrate species becoming extinct. It is the only known mass

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extinction of insects. Some 57% of all families and 83% of all genera became extinct. Because so much biodiversity was lost, the recovery of life on Earth took significantly longer than after any other extinction event,] possibly up to 10 million years.

Tredian Formation

Type Locality:

Not designated, Ref sections are: Zaluch Nala western Salt Range & Tappan Wahan, Khisor Range.

Lithology:

On our field we observed purplish sandstone, it was not well exposed under our region of study, and there was a thick band, though we found a boulder of it that was purplish, is soft when touched.

Fossils:

No fossils were observed by us here.

Age :

Middle Triassic

Contacts:

Upper contact is conformable with Kingriali formation and lower is conformable with Mianwali formation.

Environment of Deposition:

Fluvial (Non Marine)

Kingriali Formation Type Locality:

After Kingriali peak in Khisor Range.

Lithology:

Anwar et al 1992, divided the formation into two members

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1. Doya Member2. Vanjari Member

Dolomite and dolomitic sandstone

Age:Late Triassic

Contact:

Lower is conformable with Tredian Formation and upper is Disconformable with Datta Formation.

Fossil:

We did observe here any fossils but it is reported that gastropods, bivalves, Crinoids, and many benthic organisms

Environment of Deposition:

Tidal Flats

Datta Formation Type Locality:

Datta Nala, Surghar Range is designated as its type locality.

Lithology:

Variegated Sandstone, limestone and shale, and also it were giving nodules like structures formed due to chemical dissolution.

Fossils:

No fossils were observed by us here.

Age :

Jurassic.

Contacts:

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Lower contact is unconformable with Tredian formation, while upper is conformable with Shinowri formation.

Environment of Deposition:

Deltaic

Sammana Suk Formation

Type Locality:

NE of Shinawari (Samana Range, NWFP) is designated as it type locality.

Lithology:

Purplish sandstone with shale.

Fossils:

No fossils were observed by us here.

Age :

Jurassic.

Contacts:

Lower contact is conformable with Shinowri formation, while upper contact is unconformable with Hangu formation.

Environment of Deposition:

Marine

Hangu Formation

Hangu formation is briefly explained before. It appeared to have blackish shale and ferruginous sandstone.

Lokhart Formation

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It was not well exposed there, it appeared to be whitish to greyish limestone. Explained it briefly before.

Patala Formation

It appeared to be blackish in colour and it was shale with fissility. It is briefly explained before.

Nammal Formation

Type Locality:

Nammal Gorge Salt Range, Punjab

Lithology:

It was massive light coloured limestone, with shale at base.

Fossils:

No fossils were observed by us here.

Age :

Early Eocene.

Contacts:

Upper contact is conformable with Sakesar formation, while lower is conformable with Patala formation.

Environment of Deposition

Shallow Marine.

Sakesar Formation

It was massive nodular limestone, light yellowish in colour. And other stratigraphic terms for it were explained briefly before.

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Siwalik Group

Siwalik are difficult to differentiate as a formation. Here they appeared to be massive greyish to yellowish sandstone, and were thick bedded. Explained briefly before.

Kalabagh Conglomerate

Lithology:

Brown and clay conglomerate with sandstone and clay interbeds.

Age:

Pleistocene and Late Pliocene

Fossils:

No fossils were observed by us under study area as we took a faraway view; also not so much research has yet been done on it.

Contact:

Lower contact is unconformable with Siwalik Group, while upper was not exposed in the study region.

Angular Unconformity

We also observed an angular unconformity and that was contact of Siwaliks with overlying Kalabagh conglomerate, Siwaliks were tilted, while Kalabagh is horizontally deposited over them.

Stop number 2 ) Zaluch Nala

Zaluch Nala is located in western salt range.

Observations:

Here we observed older units than Wargal are exposed and we also observed Kalabagh Thrust Fault. Here we observed repetition and emition of strata, and that is a sign of faulting.

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Here we observed:

1. Tobra Formation

2. Sardhai Clays

3. Amb Formation

4. Warcha formation

5. Wargal Limestone

Here we get various time repetition and emition of strata and that was sign of faulting, the fault is called as Kalabagh Thrust Fault.

Tobra Formation

Its conglomeratic, and contain different types of rocks. Other terms for it were explained before.

Sardhai Clays

Here it appeared to be greenish, bluish and reddish in colour and displayed a great variety. Other terms for it were explained before.

Amb Formation

Type Locality:

Amb village, central Salt Range, Punjab

Lithology:

Light coloured Massive sandstone, and impure limestone. It gave a soft touch.

Fossils:

Fussinilids

Age:

Lower Permian

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Contacts:

Its upper contact is conformable with Wargal limestone, and lower contact is conformable with Sardhai formation.

Environment of Deposition:

Shelfal (Marine)

Warcha Formation

Here it appeared to be light coloured sandstone and was not well cemented, and was a bit soft, also contained shale bands. Other terms for Warcha are explained before.

Wargal Formation

Here it appeared to me massive grey limestone.

Other terms were explained before.

KalaBagh Thrust Fault

In Zaluch Nala we observed repetition and emition of strata, and it is evidence of thrust faulting,

and this fault is called as Kalabagh Thrust Fault. It is a Regional fault.

Pictures of Day# 4

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Fig# 1: Showing Wargle limestone

Fig# 3: Showing Chidru formation Mianwali formation and P-T boundry Between Mainwali and Chidru formation.

Fig# 4: Showing contacts of Siwaliks and Lei conglomerate and Angular unconformity.

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Fig# 5: Showing Siwaliks exposed In front of Nammal Dam

Fig#6: Showing Warcha Sandstone exposed in Zaluch Nala.

Fig#7: Showing Sardhai Clay exposed in Zaluch Nala

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Fig#8: Showing Wargal limestone exposed in Zaluch Nala.

Fig#9: Showing Amb Formation exposed in Zaluch Nala.

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Day # 5

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Stop# 1) Talakang road - Fateh Jang road

Observations:

We observed here Dhok pathan formation.

Stop number 1) Dhok Pathan Formation

Type Locality/Section:

Village Dhokh Pattan Cambellpur basin of Upper Indus basin.

Lithology

Sandstone which was loosed and greenish in colour.

Fossils

We observed here no fossils but it is reported that Abundant vertebrate fauna is in upper Indus basin less fossilierous in lower Indus basin.

Age

Middle Pliocene.

Contact

Lower contact is conformable with Nagri Formation and Upper contact is conformable wih Soan Formation.

Environment of Deposition

Fluvial.

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Some Memories In Salt Range

With Respected Teachers And Classfellows

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