sales forecast assets required to support sales required assets -existing assets = required...
TRANSCRIPT
Sales forecast Assets required to support sales Required assets
-Existing assets= Required investment
Investment Module
Total assets >Total liabilities
and equity?
Total assets >Total liabilities
and equity?
Total assets – Total liabilities & equity
=Required financing
Generate pro formas with new investment and financing
Generate pro formas with new investment and financing No
Yes
New financing composition
New financing composition
Financing Module
Modeling Sales Forecasts
• Simple Method: Assume average or different growth rate for each period
• Develop detail forecast by product, business unit, customer or geographic market and aggregate forecasts
• Forecast the unit price and volume
• Forecast size of market and estimate market share
• Forecast costs and apply a margin assumption to derive sales
Financial Planning Model Assumptions
• Items that are functional relationships of sales– Percent of sales
• Operating expenses• Working capital and fixed assets
• Items that are functional relationships of other financial statement items– Interest, depreciation, dividends, marketable
securities, cashflows• Items that involve policy decisions (e.g. long-term
debt, equity, capital expenditures)
The “Plug”
• The balance-sheet item which will “close” or balance the balance sheet model so that Total Assets will always equal Total Liabilities & Equity
• Models the assumption of how the firm finances itself
• Examples are cash & marketable securities, debt, debt & equity
Circular References
• Created when Additions to Retained Earnings is added into the balance sheet, resulting in modified values for the plug which then impact the income statement
• Iterative process is required to produce a consistent and correct final set of financial statements
• To solve, use Tool Options Calculation Iteration (2003) or MS Office Button>Excel Options> Formulas> Iteration (2007)
• Not all circularities are convergent. Make sure to verify accuracy!