safety, health and environment management assignment

8/17/2019 Safety, Health and Environment Management Assignment

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FACULTY OF SCIENCE &TECHNOLOGY

MAY SEMESTER 2014

EMSH 5103

SAFETY, HEALTH AND

ENVIRONMENTMANAGMENT

PREPARED BY : OSMAN BIN AHMADMATRICULATION NO: CGS0083421

IDENTIFICATION CARD NO: 5112!"12"5031TELEPHONE NO: 01#"8105#!#E"MAIL: $%'($)*+'-./$

LEARNING CENTRE : UALA LUMPUR

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mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]


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Contents Page

TASK I

1.1.0 Introduction 1

1.1.0 General 1

1.2.0 Problem Statement

2.1.0 Literature Revie

2.1.0 General

2.2.0 Term and !e"initions

2.#.0 !e"inition o" Training

2.$.0 %&at is 'S( Training)

2.*.0 +""ectiveness o" Sa"et, and (ealt& Training

#.0.0 'S( Training Contribution to t&e Reduction o" In-ur, and Illness

#.1.0 General

#.2.0 Training Contribution to t&e Reduction o" Accidents.

#.2.1 Sa"et, and (ealt& Knoledge (a/ard Aareness

#.2.2 !evelo a Positive (ealt& and Sa"et, Culture

#.2.# ind out &o to 3anage (ealt& and Sa"et, 4etter.

#.2.$ T&e 5sage o" Personal Protective +6uiment PP+

#.2.* +mergenc, Resonse

#.2.7 Periodic Sa"et, and (ealt& Training and !eveloment

$.0.0 Conclusion

Re"erence

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Contents Page

TASK II

1.0.0 4ac8ground

2.0.0 Problem Statement

#.0.0 Literature Revie

#.1.0 !omino T&eor,

#.2.0 (uman actor T&eor,

#.#.0 Accident9Incident T&eor,

#.$.0 +idemiological T&eor,

#.*.0 S,stem T&eor,

#.7.0 4e&aviour T&eor,

#.:.0 Combination T&eor,

$.0.0 Anal,sis o" Case !ata

$.1.0 T&e Cause o" Accident

$.2.0 T&e Ps,c&ological +""ect o" t&e Accident

$.#.0 T&e Corrective 3easures

$.#.1 +ngineering

$.#.2 +ducation training Program !eveloment

$.#.# +n"orcement

*.0.0 Conclusion

Re"erence

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Contents Page

TASK III

1.0.0 Introduction

1.1.0 General

1.2.0 Problem Statements

2.0.0 Identi"ication o" %or8 Area

#.0.0 (a/ard Identi"ication; Ris8 Assessment and Ris8 Control

(IRARC Stud,

$.0.0 T&e 'verall indings "rom (IRARC Stud,

*.0.0 T&e


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TASK I

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1.1.0 I


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Sa"et, '""icer means an individual who registered under provision of regulation !"#$%

Occupational safety & health regulations "#''($.

Site Sa"et, Suervisor is a site supervisor appointed under regulation )*% +uilding

operations and work of work of engineering construction "safety$ regulation #'!.

CPR or Cardioulmonar, Resuscitation means mouth-to-mouth respiration and

chest compression. /R can keep a person alive until more advanced procedures are

used.

PP+ or Personal Protective +6uiment means speciali0ed clothing or e1uipment

worn by workers for protection against health and safety ha0ards. 23ample safety

belts, gloves, helmets etc.

Sa"et, Culture means assembly of characteristic and attitudes of commitment to

safety at all levels of workers in the organi0ation.

(a/ard means any source of potential damage, harm or adverse health effects on

someone under certain conditions of work.

Ris8 in safety means chance or probability that a person will be harmed or e3perience

on adverse health effects if e3posed to a ha0ard.

2.#.0 !e"inition o" Training

Training means helping somebody to learn how to do something, telling somebody

what he or she should or should not do, or simply giving him or her information.

Training is not just about formal 4classroom5 courses but also on-job-training.

Today6s work environment re1uires people to be skilled in performing comple3 jobs

in an efficient, cost- effective and safe manner.

2.$.0 %&at is 'S( Training)

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OS training is training courses or educational program to help broaden worker and

employer knowledge on the recognition, avoidance and prevention of safety and

health ha0ards in their workplaces and how to properly use personal protective

e1uipment.

2.*.0 +""ectiveness o" Sa"et, and (ealt& Training

7n #'', the 8.S. 9ational 7nstitute for Occupational Safety and ealth "97OS$

published a literature review by ohen and olligan, which training was used as an

intervention to reduce the risk of work-related injury and disease. The review

concluded that the literature offering much direct and indirect evidence to show the

benefits of training in ensuring safe and healthy work conditions.

#.0.0 'S( TRAI


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addressed by conducting better training at the workplace. Training and education for

all level of workers are necessary to understand the ha0ard associated with their jobs

or processes, the prevention and control and the medical conse1uences.

Through proper training, we can categori0e the benefits gain by the workers to protect

them against the potential ha0ard as follows;

• Safety and health knowledge "ha0ard awareness$

• henever a new person is hired or whenever an employee is given a new job

assignment, normally the safety officer or supervisor will provide safety orientation or

specific task training to emphasi0e safety and health. The workers need to understand

that they are not e3pected to start working until they have been properly trained. The

workers will get valuable knowledge and well-trained to perform their jobs safely.

They will be able to identify ha0ard, and to perform the prevention and control

measures.

=or e3ample, when a worker is entering a confined space such as manhole, tank etc.

The well-trained worker "has learned about safe entry procedure$ will be able to use

specific tool to enter the dangerous confined space.

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#.2.2 !evelo a Positive (ealt& and Sa"et, Culture

/roper training will develop appositive health and safety culture among the workers.

+ad behaviour or irresponsible worker is generally a sign of lack of training or

e3perience.


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#.2.* +mergenc, Resonse

>hen an emergency occurs, the actions taken in the initial minutes of the emergency

are critical and can save lives. : worker trained to administer first aid or perform /R

can be lifesaving.

>ell-trained worker will appropriately response to any emergency to minimi0e

damages. =or e3ample, use of fire e3tinguisher by trained worker can e3tinguish a

small fire.

#.2.7 Periodic Sa"et, and (ealt& Training and !eveloment

ontinual periodic safety and health training helps us understand that accident

prevention must be a priority. >ithout periodic training, the work becomes routine,

alertness level dull, and a rela3ed attitude replaces the caution. >hat is critical is the

need for a regular effort toward improving safety knowledge through continual

periodic safety knowledge through continual periodic safety training.

=or e3ample, when an employer introduces new technology in construction process,

the employees need to learn the safety procedure to perform the process.

$.0.0 C'


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Safety training contributes toward making us competent in safety and health and

reminds us that danger always e3ists at workplace. Therefore, the occupational safety

and health training contributes to the reduction of injury and illness at the workplace.

R++R+


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TASK II

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1.1.0 4ACKGR'5

The case study described an emergency services and health care worker how he was

involved in an accident. The illness has caused him to suffer psychologically and he

has to bear long-lasting pain even though he had consulted doctor and physiotherapist

for treatment. The doctor and physiotherapist were not sure when he would fully

recover. e did reali0e that the importance of good manual handling techni1ues.

2.0.0 PR'4L+3 STAT+3+


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#.1.0 !omino T&eor,

. einrich. e used a row of five stood

up dominoes as a model. Once, he tipped the first one over, each successive domino

topples the one ne3t to it. The first three dominoes were mistakes of people, the forth

domino was accident and the last was injury or the outcome of the accident.

The five factors from the model can be summari0ed as follows;

• The first domino% :ncestry and social environment, 7nherited or ac1uired

behaviour such as alcoholism and environment where a person was raised and

educated.

• The second domino% =ault of a person, inherited or ac1uired such as bad

temper and carelessness. :s a result of social environment or ancestry.

• The third domino% unsafe act or condition, for e3ample performing a job

without appropriate //2, poorly designed on improperly maintained

e1uipment, :s a result of fault of person.

• The =orth domino% :ccident occurs as a result of a personal or mechanical

ha0ard.

• The fifth domino% : person injury occurs as a result of an accident.

#.2.0 (uman actors T&eor,

This theory is about human errors cause accidents. The human errors can be

categori0ed as follows;

• Overload. The job is beyond the capacity of an individual, includes physical

and psychological factors and influences by environmental, internal and

situational factors.

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• 7nappropriate response.


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and health care worker. 7n fact that worker was a well-trained and e3perienced in

manual handling such as lifting, pushing pulling and moving heavy items.

7n the case study, the worker performed two lifts. The first lifting, he was assisted by

two of his colleagues to lift the weight. 7n this case, three of them shared the weight.

owever, in the second lifting, he lifted and turned the weight himself. That moment

he felt a sharp pain in his neck.

7f we refer to the domino theory, we categori0e the mistake as fault of person. 7f we

review the domino theory, the model was a row of five stood up dominoes. >hen one

fallen, the rest of the dominoes would fall. Same thing happen to this case study, he

was a well-trained worker, and he knew that from first lifting, he did not have

capability to lift the weight himself. owever, due to his fault, he lifted the weight

himself. The domino theory mentions that the mistake or fault of person will cause

accident and subse1uently can cause injury.

>e also can use inappropriate activities in human factors theory. The worker was an

instructor in manual handling. e must be familiar with lifting techni1ues and he

should have performed or followed the manual handling procedure, however, he was

still caught in an accident. 7n this case study, the manual handling techni1ue or

procedure practiced by the organi0ation was not good enough to use. This cause the

worker misjudges the degree of risk involved of risk involved in his lifting.

$.2.0 T&e Ps,c&ological +""ect o" t&e Accident

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The worker in this case study has suffered pain and psychological effect on his health.

=rom the case study, we can clearly identify the emotional or psychological issues

cause by the accident. The psychological effects that the worker bears are as follows;

• ould not turn his head to the right

• is sleep was disturbing and difficult to get into a comfortable position.

• Resting on the job.

• Aied flat out on the ground to get relief from the pain.

• Aack of mobility% difficult to get up off the ground.

• +oredom

• =eeling of low self-worth% the employer did not give consideration or

sympathy for e3tra sick leave.

• 9o assurance he would fully recover from the illness.

• ould not perform heavy carrying and limited sport activities.

The pain and emotional or psychological impact were the injuries caused by the

accident. The pain might be more damaging than the psychological issues. owever,

this is no always the case, the psychology reports provide evidence that mental well-

being is a crucial part of maintaining a balance and healthy life and the problems can

just crippling, if not more so, than any other physical ailment.

$.#.0 T&e Corrective 3easures.

To establish corrective action for this case study, we can categori0e the corrective

action into three B26 factors.

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$.#.1 +ngineering

The engineering of corrective action is to control ha0ards through product design or

process change. 7n this case study, the employer shall update the training subjects and

materials and to develop effective rules and procedures or guidelines for safe work

practices for the workers to learn and practice at workplace. The procedures shall also

include the necessary employee accident reporting re1uirement, accident investigation

by senior personnel, report assessment and safety and health audits.

$.#.2 +ducation Training Program !eveloment

The education is to train workers regarding all facets of safety. 7n this case study, all

the workers need to attend regular training, as we know that the accident involved a

well-trained worker, which means the workers need to update their knowledge to

avoid similar accident from occurring 7n the future. 7n engineering corrective action,

the training subjects and materials were developed relating to identified ha0ards,

accident and incident data.

:ll managers and supervisors are also re1uired to participate in the ongoing safety

training programs. That processes are necessary because the senior employees should

aware and capable to make safety and health report assessments and audits.

$.#.# +n"orcement

The ne3t corrective action is to make sure that the rules, regulations, and standard

operating procedures are follows by worker as well as management. =rom the case

study, the worker still saw poor manual handling techni1ues at workplace after the

accident. :s an instructor, he should enforce the rules on all the workers and punished

the workers who were violating the rules.

*.0.0 C'


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7n conclusion, the management and employees must improve the safety and health

system in the organi0ation. The improvement of engineering, education and

enforcement are necessary to avoid the accident from occurring in the future.

R++R+


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TASK III

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1.1.0 I


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2.0.0 I!+The form in appendi3 c of guidelines for 7R:R published by


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the e3cavation using plunks, and?or to support the side of the e3cavation and?or to use

e3cavator machinery for this work.

:mong the ha0ards found in the study, the employees must take immediate action to

control the ha0ards of high risk level. The person-in-charge will make the inspection

and recoding for the action taken to control the risks. 7n this study, there are two types

of ha0ards with high risk level% they are cave-ins during e3cavation and object fall

during steel rebar reinforcement.

=or ha0ards with medium level of risks% the employees must control the risks by

implementing the control measures recommended in the register. The person-in-

charge is responsible to control the risks at workplace.

=or low level risks% the person-in-charge will monitor the situation at workplace, he

may re1uire the workers to follow the recommended control measures.

The person-in-charge and the risk register or 7R:R form are important in

controlling the safety risks because the low level risk can become high level risk if

there is no appropriate action taken to control the risk.

*.0.0 T(+


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Those ha0ards can be classified into two types. ave-ins, land slide, uneven floor,

sharp object and object fall ha0ards are included in work environment. eavy load is

included in manual handling.

7.0.0 C'ork

:pproved +y;

"9ame, designation$

j. Rosli +in Masaliku

"Site Manager$


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9 e""ect Control i" an,

# 23cavation ave-ins +ury ? fatal 23cavation of trenches and open

e3cavation procedure

G * )D "igh$

Aand Slide =all of person ?fatal >arning signs H G #)" Medium$

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1. (a/ard Identi"ication 2. Ris8 Anal,sis


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R++R+

safety, health and environment management assignment

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