Sustainability Principles and Practice, 2nd ed.

Annotated Bibliographyfor further reading

Contents

PART I – Context

1 What Is Sustainability? 22 A Brief History of Sustainability 103 The Biosphere 144 The Human Sphere 20

PART II – Issues and Solutions

5 Climate 326 Water 437 Ecosystems and Habitat 518 Pollution 599 Energy 6310 Green Buildings and Sites 7211 Livable Cities 7912 Food 8713 Products 9814 Waste and Recycling 106

PART III – Becoming an Agent for Change

15 Working in an Organization 11116 Education 12217 Working as Agents for Change 128

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1. What Is Sustainability?

Articles, Chapters, and Papers

Barnofsky, Anthony D., et al. “Approaching a State Shift in Earth’s Biosphere.” Nature (June 7, 2012): 52–58.A review of evidence that, as with individual ecosystems, the global ecosystem as a whole can shift abruptly and irreversibly into a new state once critical thresholds are crossed, and that it is approaching a critical threshold as a result of human influence, and that there is a need to improve the detection of early warning signs of state shift.

Boström, Magnus, ed. “Special Issue: A Missing Pillar? Challenges in Theorizing and Practicing Social Sustainability.” Sustainability: Science, Practice, & Policy, vol. 8 no. 12 (winter 2012).

Brown, J. and M. Purcell. “There’s Nothing Inherent about Scale: Political Ecology, the Local Trap, and the Politics of Development in the Brazilian Amazon.” Geoforum, vol. 36 (2005): 607–24.

Clark, William C. “Sustainability Science: A Room of Its Own.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol. 104 no. 6 (February 6, 2007): 1737–38.A report on the development of sustainability science as a maturing field with a core research agenda, methodologies, and universities teaching its methods and findings.

Costanza, Robert, et al. “The Value of the World’s Ecosystem Services and Natural Capital.” Nature, vol. 387 (1997): 253–60.Estimates the current economic value of 17 ecosystem services based on both published research and original calculations.

Ehrlich, Paul R., Peter M. Kareiva, and Gretchen C. Daily. “Securing Natural Capital and Expanding Equity to Rescale Civilization.” Nature, vol. 486 (June 2012): 68–73.A discussion of the possibilities of addressing the growing condition of global overshoot through reducing inequity, stabilizing population and securing natural capital, while also enhancing the social role of academia.

Folke, Carl, et al. “Resilience Thinking: Integrating Resilience, Adaptability and Transformability.” Ecology and Society, vol. 15 no. 4 (2010).The meaning of resilience in complex social-ecological systems and the importance of fostering resilience of smaller social-ecological systems that contribute to the resilience of the Earth System.

Heinberg, Richard. “What Is Sustainability?” In The Post Carbon Reader: Managing the 21st Century’s Sustainability Crises, ed. Richard Heinberg and Daniel Lerch, 13–20. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 2010.An overview of the history, definitions, and concepts of sustainability by a senior fellow at the Post Carbon Institute whose work focuses on the transition to a resilient, sustainable, post-carbon world beyond the end of economic growth.

Holdren, John P., Gretchen C. Daily, and Paul R. Ehrlich. 1995. “The Meaning of Sustainability: Biogeophysical Aspects.” In Defining and Measuring Sustainability: The Biogeophysical Foundations, ed. M. Munasinghe and W. Shearer, 3–17. Washington, DC: World Bank.

Holling, C. S. “Understanding the Complexity of Economic, Social and Ecological Systems.” Ecosystems, vol. 4 (August 2001): 390–405.

Jerneck, Anne, et al. “Structuring Sustainability Science.” Sustainability Science, vol. 6 no. 1 (January 2011): 69–82.

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Kates, R., et al. “Sustainability Science.” Science, vol. 292 (2001): 641–42.Kates, Robert W. “What Kind of a Science is Sustainability Science?” Proceedings of the

National Academy of Sciences, vol. 108 no. 49 (December 6, 2011): 19449–50.Keen, Mike F. and Krista Bailey. “The Natural Step for Colleges and Universities.”

Sustainability: The Journal of Record, vol. 5 no. 3 (June 2012): 147–51. DOI: 10.1089/sus.2012.9956.

Leach, Melissa, et al. “Transforming Innovation for Sustainability.” Ecology and Society, vol. 17 no. 2 (2012).Scholars from the Stockholm Resilience Centre, the Tellus Institute, and the STEPS Centre at the University of Sussex argue that, given what is now known about the dimensions of a “safe operating space” for humanity, ambitious sustainable development goals and major transformations in policy, technology, and modes of innovation are now required.

Lovejoy, Thomas. “State of the Living Planet.” Sustainability: The Journal of Record, vol. 6 no. 4 (August 2013): 183–85.A brief review of the current state of climate and biodiversity, with the assessment that humanity needs to move beyond a consumptive, destructive lifestyle, and that integrated planning and integrated management are needed.

McClure, Max. “Stanford Biologists Call for Humanity to ‘Scale Itself Back.’” Stanford Report, June 8, 2012. http://news.stanford.edu/news/2012/june/daily-ehrlich-sustainability-060812.htmlIn anticipation of the 2012 United Nations Rio+20 conference, preeminent biologists Paul Ehrlich and Gretchen Daily look at how far we as a species are from sustainability.

Meadows, Donella, Dennis Meadows, Jorgen Randers, and William W. Behrens, III. Limits to Growth: A Report for the Club of Rome’s Project on the Predicament of Mankind. New York: Universe Books, 1972. A PDF version of the book can be downloaded at http://www.donellameadows.org/wp-content/userfiles/Limits-to-Growth-digital-scan-version.pdf

Penfield, Paul, Jr. “What is a Discipline?” Cambridge, MA: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2002. http://www-mtl.mit.edu/~penfield/pubs/abet-02.html

Pulliam, H. R. and N. M. Haddad. “Human Population Growth and the Carrying Capacity Concept.” Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America, vol. 75 (1994): 141–57.

Rees, William E. “Thinking ‘Resilience.’” In The Post Carbon Reader: Managing the 21st Century’s Sustainability Crises, ed. Richard Heinberg and Daniel Lerch, 25–40. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 2010.Discussion of the concept of resilience by a fellow of the Post Carbon Institute who originated and developed the Ecological Footprint method (with his former student, Mathis Wackernagel).

Rockström, Johan, et al. “A Safe Operating Space for Humanity.” Nature, vol. 461 no. 7263 (2009): 472–75.

Rockström, Johan, et al. “Planetary Boundaries: Exploring the Safe Operating Space for Humanity,” Ecology and Society, vol. 14 no. 2 (2009).These two important articles report on research by an international team of 28 leading scientists to identify thresholds for nine Earth-system processes which have boundaries that mark the safe zone for the planet, the crossing of which could result in irreversible environmental changes.

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Stiglitz, Joseph, Amartya Sen, and Jean-Paul Fitoussi. “Report of the Commission on the Measurement of Economic Performance and Social Progress,” 2009. http://www.stiglitz-sen-fitoussi.fr/documents/rapport_anglais.pdf

TEEB. The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity: Mainstreaming the Economics of Nature: A Synthesis of the Approach, Conclusions and Recommendations of TEEB. Brussels: European Commission, 2010.A PDF version of the report can be downloaded at http://www.teebweb.org/our-publications/teeb-study-reports/synthesis-report/

Walker, Brian, et al. “Looming Global-Scale Failures and Missing Institutions.” Science, September 11, 2009: 1345–46.Serious, intertwined global challenges and crises are increasing beyond the ability of human institutions to deal with them. While nation-states can each elicit cooperation within their sovereign boundaries, motivation for cooperation between nations is undermined by national interest.

Warde, Paul. “The Invention of Sustainability.” Modern Intellectual History, vol. 8 (2011): 153–70.

Westley, Frances, et al. “Tipping Towards Sustainability: Emerging Pathways of Transformation.” Ambio, vol. 40 no. 7 (2011): 762–80.

An exploration of the links between institutions, social and technical innovations for navigating large-scale transformations toward global sustainability, and whether social and technical innovations can reverse the trajectory that is approaching critical planetary thresholds.

Wilson, Edward O. “Bottleneck.” Scientific American, February 2002: 84–91.A discussion of the convergence of climate change, population growth, and overconsumption, a global bottleneck that could drive half the current species to extinction by the end of the century.

Books

Birkeland, Janis. Design for Sustainability: A Sourcebook of Integrated Ecological Solutions. London: Earthscan Publications, 2000.

Brown, Lester R. Plan B 4.0: Mobilizing to Save Civilization. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, 2009.Written by the prolific and influential Lester Brown, founder and president of the Earth Policy Institute, founder and former president of the Worldwatch Institute, this is a comprehensive and thoroughly researched analysis of the environmental, social, and economic challenges facing the planet together with a plan for how to address them, which Brown tells us must be done “with wartime speed.”

Commoner, Barry. The Closing Circle: Nature, Man, and Technology. New York: Knopf, 1971.The book that is best known for Commoner’s four laws of ecology: Everything is connected to everything else; everything must go somewhere; nature knows best; and there is no such thing as a free lunch.

Corcoran, Peter Blaze, ed. The Earth Charter in Action: Toward a Sustainable World. Amsterdam: KIT Publishers, 2007. An expanded description of the Earth Charter, a declaration of shared ethical principles from a participatory civil process that grew out of the 1992 Rio de Janeiro Earth Summit.

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Cunningham, William P. and Mary Ann Cunningham. Environmental Science: A Global Concern, 11th ed. New York: McGraw Hill, 2010.A comprehensive and engaging survey of environmental science, with lots of color diagrams, graphs, and photographs.

Devall, Bill and George Sessions. Deep Ecology: Living as if Nature Mattered. Layton, UT: Gibbs Smith, 1985.

Edwards, Andrés R. The Sustainability Revolution: Portrait of a Paradigm Shift. Gabriola Island, BC: New Society Publishers, 2005.A survey of sustainability in the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries, with clear explanations for people new to the field and numerous exemplars from around the world, providing a glimpse of what is possible.

——. Thriving Beyond Sustainability: Pathways to a Resilient Society. Gabriola Island, BC: New Society Publishers, 2010.An optimistic collection of examples from around the world of how individuals, organizations, and communities are putting sustainability principles into practice.

Ehlers, Eckart and Thomas Karfft, eds. Earth System Science in the Anthropocene: Emerging Issues and Problems. New York: Springer, 2006.

Gunderson, L. H. and C. S. Holling, eds. Panarchy: Understanding Transformations in Human and Natural Systems. Washington, DC: Island Press, 2002.

Hawken, Paul. Ecology of Commerce: A Declaration of Sustainability, revised edition. New York: Harper Collins, 2010.Revised edition of the 1993 classic about how to bring capitalism and environmental concerns together under one framework.

Hawken, Paul, Amory B. Lovins, and L. Hunter Lovins. Natural Capitalism: Creating the Next Industrial Revolution. Boston, MA: Back Bay Books, 2008. A groundbreaking work aimed at economists, business leaders, and policymakers, as well as general readers, that promotes long-term over short-term thinking and systems thinking over siloes. It explores the meaning of natural capital, applies market principles to natural resources, and shows how successful businesses can be simultaneously profitable and environmentally responsible. First edition published in 1999, with a second edition in 2010.

Heinberg, Richard and Daniel Lerch, eds. The Post Carbon Reader: Managing the 21st Century’s Sustainability Crises. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 2010.This thoughtful collection of papers by recognized experts is one of the clearest and most comprehensive books on sustainability issues, potential solutions, and interconnectedness. Topics include sustainability concepts, climate, water, biodiversity, food, population, culture, energy, economics, cities, transportation, waste, health, education, and resilience.

Jenkins, Willis. Berkshire Encyclopedia of Sustainability, Volume 1: The Spirit of Sustainability. Great Barrington, MA: Berkshire Publishing Group, 2010.

Komiyama, Hiroshi, Kazuhiko Takeuchi, Hideaki Shiroyama, and Takashi Mino, eds. Sustainability Science: A Multidisciplinary Approach. Tokyo: United Nations University Press, 2011.

Kunstler, James. The Long Emergency: Surviving the Converging Catastrophes of the 21st Century. London: Atlantic Books, 2005.

McLennan, Jason F. The Philosophy of Sustainable Design. Bainbridge Island, WA: Ecotone Publishing Co., 2004.

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An outline of the ideas underlying green building design, from the architect who originated the rating system known as the Living Building Challenge.

Meadows, Donella. Thinking in Systems: A Primer. White River, VT: Chelsea Green, 2008. A concise primer on systems thinking by the lead author of the influential Limits to Growth. Published posthumously.

Meadows, Donella, Jorgen Randers, and Dennis Meadows. Limits to Growth: The 30-Year Update. White River Junction, VT: Chelsea Green, 2004.An updated version of the scientifically rigorous and influential 1972 study by a team of systems analysts, which concluded that if current trends continued, the planet would reach its limits to growth within 100 years. Nattrass, Brian and Mary Altomare. The Natural Step for Business: Wealth, Ecology and the Evolutionary Corporation. Gabriola Island, BC: New Society Publishers, 1999.

——. Dancing with the Tiger: Learning Sustainability Step by Natural Step. Gabriola Island, BC: New Society Publishers, 2002.

Nordhaus, Ted, Michael Shellenberger, and Linus Glomqvist. The Planetary Boundaries Hypothesis: A Review of the Evidence. Oakland, CA: Breakthrough, 2012.A report from environmental policy strategists who are critical of the planetary boundaries framework.

Orr, David W. Ecological Literacy: Education and the Transition to a Postmodern World. New York: State University of New York Press, 1992.David Orr is a significant figure in education for sustainability. A professor at Oberlin College, he is the founder and executive director of the visionary Oberlin Project, a prolific author, sought-after speaker, and winner of numerous honors. Dr. Orr is a tireless, passionate advocate for ecological literacy in education whose writing is articulate and literate.

Speth, James Gustave. The Bridge at the Edge of the World. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2008.A detailed inventory of the challenges facing the planet and the transitions we must make—the bridge to be crossed—by a leading environmental law expert who was the former administrator of the United Nations Development Programme, former dean of the Yale School of Forestry & Environmental Studies, founder of the World Resources Institute, and co-founder of the Natural Resources Defense Council.

Steffen, Alex, ed. World Changing: A User’s Guide for the 21st Century, revised ed. New York: Abrams, 2006.

——. World Changing: A User’s Guide for the 21st Century, revised ed. New York: Abrams, 2011.Guidance on ways to live more sustainably for individuals who want to make changes at a personal scale.

Stibbe, Arran, ed. The Handbook of Sustainability Literacy: Skills for a Changing World. Devon, UK: Green Books, 2009.A collection of essays by experts in sustainability and other fields exploring the skills that will be needed in order to survive and thrive through the challenges of the coming century. Covers a range of sustainability topics including systems thinking, ecological literacy, and transition skills.

Theis, Tom and Jonathan Tomkin, eds. Sustainability: A Comprehensive Foundation. Houston, TX: Connexions, Rice University, 2012. http://cnx.org/content/col11325/latest/

An introductory overview of a range of topics in the field, available for download.

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United Nations World Commission on Environment and Development (known as the Brundtland Commission). Our Common Future. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 1987. http://www.un-documents.net/wced-ocf.htm The report often referred to as “the Brundtland report,” source of the most frequently quoted definition of sustainable development: “development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.”

Vries, Bert J. M. de. Sustainability Science. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2013.

The authoritative textbook in the field of sustainability science.Walker, Brian and David Salt. Resilience Thinking: Sustaining Ecosystems and People in a

Changing World. Washington, DC: Island Press, 2006.Authoritative discussion of resilience and complexity, with primary authorship by an expert in the field.

Wijkman, Anders and Johan Rockström. Bankrupting Nature: Denying Our Planetary Boundaries. New York: Routledge, 2012.A straightforward discussion of humanity’s unsustainable trajectory at the limits of growth: the declining state of the global environment, the increasing depletion of resources, and the major political and economic implications. Describes how economic systems can be transformed and provides directions for policy. Like the 1972 Limits to Growth, this work is a report to the Club of Rome. Wijkman is a former member of the European Parliament and former policy director of the United Nations Development Programme. Rockström is the director of the Stockholm Resilience Centre and led the development of the Planetary Boundaries framework published in 2009.

Withgott, Jay and Scott Brennan. Essential Environment: The Science behind the Stories, 3rd ed. San Francisco, CA: Pearson Benjamin Cummings, 2009.A comprehensive and engaging overview of environmental science, illustrated by case studies.

Worldwatch Institute. State of the World 2013: Is Sustainability Still Possible? Washington, DC: Island Press, 2013.State of the World reports are edited collections published annually by the authoritative Worldwatch Institute. Each edition explores a different sustainability theme with essays by recognized experts in their respective fields.

Wright, Richard T. and Dorothy F. Boorse. Environmental Science: Toward a Sustainable Future, 11th ed. Boston, MA: Benjamin Cummings, 2011.

Websites

Austin Center for Design www.ac4d.com/home/philosophy/understanding-wicked-problems/Provides access to publications and other resources related to the concept of “wicked problems.”

Donella Meadows Institute. http://www.donellameadows.org/ Originally known as the Sustainability Institute. Founded by the late Donella Meadows to apply systems thinking and organizational learning to economic, environmental, and social challenges.

Earth Policy Institute. http://www.earth-policy.org/

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Nonprofit research organization led by Lester Brown, founder of the Worldwatch Institute. No longer active; the website’s data and research publications are maintained as a legacy website by Rutgers University, of which Brown is an alumnus.

Forum on Science and Innovation for Sustainable Development. http://sustainabilityscience.orgIntergovernmental Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES).

http://www.ipbes.net/about-ipbes.html An independent, intergovernmental scientific body for assessing the state of the planet’s biodiversity and ecosystem services with the goal of incorporating this understanding into the framework of the economy and strengthening the capacity to use science effectively in decision-making. Open to all member countries of the United Nations. Similar in structure and approach to the IPCC.

International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD). http://www.iisd.org/An international public policy research institute for sustainable development.

International Society for Sustainability Professionals (ISSP). http://sustainabilityprofessionals.org An organization of practitioners in sustainability planning.

Resilience, a program of the Post Carbon Institute. http://www.resilience.org/Resilience Alliance. http://www.resalliance.org/1.phpSolutions Journal. http://www.thesolutionsjournal.com/

A nonprofit peer-reviewed journal which provides a forum for developing and discussing creative approaches to creating a sustainable future. The editorial board consists of highly regarded figures from multiple disciplines. Available online and in print. Articles are available online without subscription.

Sustainability Science. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. http://sustainability.pnas.org/Complete collection of papers in sustainability science published in PNAS to date.

Sustainability: Science, Practice, & Policy. http://sspp.proquest.com/A peer-reviewed, open-access journal.

Sustainability: Science, Practice, & Policy: Researcher’s Toolkit. http://sspp.proquest.com/toolkit/home.htmlResearcher’s toolkit from this open-access online journal, including a database of academic programs, a network of sustainability scholars and experts, sustainability datasets from U.S. Government agencies, and a database of sustainability theses and dissertations.

The Economics of Ecosystems & Biodiversity (TEEB). http://www.teebweb.org/ A global initiative focused on “making nature’s values visible” to foster incorporation of the values of biodiversity and ecosystem services into decision-making. Hosted by UNEP, with multiple partners including UNEP, the European Commission, DEFRA, and IUCN, among many others.

The Natural Step. http://www.naturalstep.org/The Natural Step: Toolkits for Sustainability. http://www.naturalstep.org/en/toolkits-around-

worldHandbooks of best practices developed by the Natural Step for individuals, businesses, nonprofit organizations, municipalities, and planners.

World Resources Institute. http://wri.org/

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A large and robust research and policy organization. Collaborates via partnerships with governments, the private sector, and nonprofit organizations. Issues scholarly reports on a range of topics related to environmental, economic, and social sustainability.

World Resources Institute: Earth Trends online database. http://earthtrends.wri.org/Former source for environmental information. No longer maintained.

World Resources Institute: Maps & Data. http://www.wri.org/resourcesA database of maps, charts, data sets, infographics, and other visual resources based on World Resources Institute’s data and research.

Worldwatch Institute. http://www.worldwatch.org/A public policy research organization working to accelerate the transition to a sustainable world. Publishes World Watch magazine, the annual Vital Signs and State of the World reports, as well as reference guides, blogs, and reports on particular issues. Excellent source of detailed information about sustainability issues.

Worldwatch Institute: Vital Signs. http://vitalsigns.worldwatch.org/ Data and analysis of global trends in energy and transportation, environment and climate, food and agriculture, global economy and resources, and population and society.

Yale Environment 360. http://e360.yale.edu/ An online magazine from the Yale University School of Forestry and Environmental Studies offering opinion, analysis, reporting, and debate on global environmental issues. An email newsletter is available for weekly updates on the latest content.

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2. A Brief History of Sustainability

Articles, Chapters, and Papers

Bullard, Robert D. “Anatomy of Environmental Racism.” In Toxic Struggles: The Theory and Practice of Environmental Justice, ed. R. Hofrichter, 25–35. Gabriola Island, BC: New Society Publishers, 1993. A discussion of environmental racism and environmental justice by a prominent authority on the subject.

Folke, Carl. “Respecting Planetary Boundaries and Reconnecting to the Biosphere.” In State of the World 2013: Is Sustainability Still Possible?, Worldwatch Institute, 19–27. Washington, DC: Island Press, 2013.

Griggs, D. et al. “Sustainable Development Goals for People and Planet.” Nature, vol. 495 (2013): 305–07.

Griswold, Eliza. “How ‘Silent Spring’ Ignited the Environmental Movement.” New York Times, September 21, 2012.

International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme. “New Planetary Dashboard Shows ‘Great Acceleration’ in Human Activity Since 1950.” Science Daily. www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/01/150115142223.htm (accessed January 17, 2015).

McCormick, John. “The Origins of the World Conservation Strategy.” Environmental Review vol. 10, no. 3 (Autumn 1986): 177–87.A survey of the concepts of sustainable development. This journal is a publication of the Forest History Society and the American Society for Environmental History.

Mackenbach, Johan P. “René Dubos and Jared Diamond Dream of Dutch Polders.” European Journal of Public Health, vol. 16 no. 6 (2006): 575. doi: 10.1093/eurpub/ckl122

McShane, Katie. “Environmental Ethics: An Overview.” Philosophy Compass, vol. 4/3 (2009): 407–20.Download from the International Society for Environmental Ethics at https://iseethics.files.wordpress.com/2013/01/mcshane-katie-environmental-ethics-an-overview.pdfA concise overview of the history and basic concepts of the field of philosophy known as environmental ethics.

Sims, Mike. “Case Study: Silent Spring.” In Berkshire Encyclopedia of Sustainability: The Spirit of Sustainability, ed. Willis Jenkins, 452–55. Great Barrington, MA: Berkshire Publishing Group, 2010.

Steffen, Will, Johan Rockström, and Robert Costanza. “How Defining Planetary Boundaries Can Transform Our Approach to Growth.” Solutions Journal, vol. 2, no. 3 (May 2011). An accessible discussion of socioeconomic implications of the planetary boundaries framework, written by scholars who developed the original approach.

United Church of Christ Commission for Racial Justice. Toxic Wastes and Race in the United States. New York: United Church of Christ Commission for Racial Justice, 1987.The landmark report which raised public awareness of environmental racism and helped to spark a nationwide environmental justice movement in the U.S.

Warde, Paul. “The Invention of Sustainability.” Modern Intellectual History, vol. 8 (2011): 153–70.

White, Lynn. “The Historical Roots of Our Ecological Crisis.” This Sacred Earth: Religion, Nature, Environment, 2nd ed., ed. Roger S. Gottlieb, 173–81. New York: Routledge, 2003.

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A widely cited essay by medieval historian Lynn White in which he traces a connection between Judeo-Christian views of the human dominance over nature and modern environmental damage, while also noting that religious communities must be part of the solution.

Books

Bullard, Robert D. Dumping in Dixie: Race, Class and Environmental Quality. Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 2000.A discussion of the history of environmental racism in the U.S. by a leading scholar in the field.

Burke, Edmund, III and Kenneth Pomeranz, eds. The Environment and World History. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 2009.

Carson, Rachel. Silent Spring. New York: Houghton Mifflin, 1994.Reprint of the classic 1962 book which heralded the beginnings of the environmental movement.

Christian, David. Maps of Time: An Introduction to Big History, 2nd ed. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 2011.An overview of the field of Big History, an academic discipline which examines history over long time scales and through multiple disciplines, incorporating cosmology, geology, biology, and human history into a single narrative.

Commoner, Barry. The Closing Circle: Nature, Man, and Technology. New York: Random House, 1971.The book that is best known for Commoner’s four laws of ecology: Everything is connected to everything else; everything must go somewhere; nature knows best; and there is no such thing as a free lunch.

Edwards, Andres R. The Sustainability Revolution: Portrait of a Paradigm Shift. Gabriola Island, BC: New Society Publishers, 2005.A survey of sustainability in the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries, with clear explanations for people new to the field and numerous exemplars from around the world, providing a glimpse of what is possible.

Goldsmith, Edward. Blueprint for Survival. New York: Signet, 1974.The January 1972 issue of the journal The Ecologist, signed by 30 leading scientists in advance of the 1972 United Nations Conference on the Human Environment, in Stockholm, Sweden. Subsequently published as a book in 1974, it was widely read and one of the first to lay out technical details of environmental and social problems.

Gottlieb, Roger S., ed. This Sacred Earth: Religion, Nature, Environment, 2nd ed. New York: Routledge, 2003. A comprehensive overview of the relationship between religion and nature, with introductions to aspects of modern environmental ethics.

Grafton, R. Quentin, Libby Robin, and Robert J. Wasson, eds. Understanding the Environment: Bridging the Disciplinary Divides. Sydney: University of New South Wales Press, 2004.

Grim, John, and Mary Evelyn Tucker, eds. Ecology and Religion. Washington, DC: Island Press, 2014. A comprehensive introduction to the field of religious ecology: religion, ecology, ethics. Explores the relationships between humans and nature through Judeo-Christian, Confucian, Hindu, and indigenous worldviews.

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International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN). World Conservation Strategy: Living Resource Conservation for Sustainable Development. Gland: IUCN, UNEP, and WWF, 1980.Can be downloaded at https://portals.iucn.org/library/efiles/documents/WCS-004.pdf

Lazarus, Richard J. The Making of Environmental Law. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 2004.

McNeill, John R. and Alan Roe, eds. Environmental History: An Introductory Reader. New York: Routledge, 2013.

Magoc, Chris J. Environmental Issues in American History: A Reference Guide with Primary Documents. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 2006.

Merchant, Carolyn. American Environmental History: An Introduction. New York: Columbia University Press, 2007.

Miller, G. Tyler, Jr., and Scott E. Spoolman. Living in the Environment: Concepts, Connections, and Solutions, 16th ed. Belmont, CA: Brooks/Cole, 2009.

Nash, Roderick Frazier. The Rights of Nature: A History of Environmental Ethics. Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin Press, 1988.A scholarly work that traces the history, from ancient Rome and primarily in the U.S., of the concept that rights and moral value should be extended to the nonhuman world.

Poole, Robert. Earthrise: How Man First Saw the Earth. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2010.

Robertson, Thomas. The Malthusian Moment: Global Population Growth and the Birth of American Environmentalism. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 2012. A discussion of attitudes about population growth and their role in American environmentalism from World War I through the 1970s.

Rolston, Holmes. A New Environmental Ethics: The Next Millennium for Life on Earth. New York: Routledge, 2012.

Sitarz, Daniel. Agenda 21: The Earth Summit Strategy to Save Our Planet. New York: Nova, 1994.An abridged version of the action plan to promote sustainable development by addressing social, economic, and environmental impacts of human activity, adopted by delegates to the 1992 United Nations Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro.

United Nations. Earth Summit Agenda 21: The United Nations Programme of Action from Rio. New York: United Nations Department of Public Information, 1992.The action plan to promote sustainable development by addressing social, economic, and environmental impacts of human activity, adopted by delegates to the 1992 United Nations Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro.

United Nations. Report of the World Summit on Sustainable Development, Johannesburg, A/CONF.199/20. New York: United Nations, 2002.

Ward, Barbara and René Dubos. Only One Earth: The Care and Maintenance of a Small Planet. Toronto: Report on the Human Environment, 1972.Report commissioned by the United Nations to guide discussions at the 1972 United Nations Conference on the Human Environment, in Stockholm, Sweden, the first global environment summit.

World Commission on Environment and Development. Our Common Future. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1987.

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The report often referred to as “the Brundtland report,” source of the most frequently quoted definition of sustainable development: “development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.”

Websites

Earth Charter in Action. http://www.earthcharterinaction.orgThe official website of the Earth Charter, with detailed information about its history and the full text of the Earth Charter, available in 61 languages.

NASA: The Gateway to Astronaut Photography of Earth. http://eol.jsc.nasa.gov/The best and most complete online collection of astronaut photographs of the Earth.

The Future We Want. http://www.un.org/en/sustainablefuture/ Initiative launched by the United Nations in connection with the 2012 Conference on Sustainable Development (known as Rio+20). The outcome document adopted at Rio+20, The Future We Want, can be downloaded here.

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3. The Biosphere

Articles, Chapters, and Papers

Ackerman, Jennifer. “The Ultimate Social Network.” Scientific American, June 2012: 36–43.The complex ecosystem of the bacteria and other microorganisms in and on our bodies.

Angier, Natalie. “Listening to Bacteria.” Smithsonian, July/August 2010: 77–82.Barabási, Albert-László and Eric Bonabeau. “Scale-Free Networks.” Scientific American, May

2003: 50–59.An exploration of the science of scale-free networks, a recurring feature of complex systems throughout the biosphere and thus an important concept in systems thinking.

Casey, Constance. “The Zip-Code-Sized Fungus.” Landscape Architecture Magazine, December 2011: 28–30.

Casselman, Anne. “Strange but True: The Largest Organism on Earth is a Fungus.” Scientific American, October 2007.

Christian, David. “Big History for the Era of Climate Change.” Solutions, March 2012.Collins, Dwight E., Russell M. Genet, and David Christian. “Crafting a New Narrative to

Support Sustainability.” In State of the World 2013: Is Sustainability Still Possible? Worldwatch Institute, 218–24. Washington, DC: Island Press, 2013.Approaching education for sustainability through the perspective known as Big History.

Coniff, Richard. “Urban Nature: How to Foster Biodiversity in World’s Cities.” Yale Environment 360, January 6, 2014. http://e360.yale.edu/feature/urban_nature_how_to_foster_biodiversity_in_worlds_cities/2725/

Folke, Carl. “Respecting Planetary Boundaries and Reconnecting to the Biosphere.” In State of the World 2013: Is Sustainability Still Possible? Worldwatch Institute, 19–27. Washington, DC: Island Press, 2013.Discussion of planetary boundaries and the Earth system, from a highly regarded expert on resilience, ecosystems, and sustainability science.

Folke, Carl et al. “Reconnecting to the Biosphere.” Ambio, vol. 40 no. 7 (2011): 719–38.An examination of the challenges and opportunities of new modes of governance and collaboration with the biosphere in the face of planetary boundaries and tipping points.

Grant, M. and J. Mitton. “Case Study: The Glorious, Golden, and Gigantic Quaking Aspen.” Nature Education Knowledge, vol. 1 no. 8 (2010): 40.

Hazen, Robert M. “Evolution of Minerals.” Scientific American, March 2010: 58–65.Jabr, Ferris. “How Brainless Slime Molds Redefine Intelligence.” Scientific American,

November 2012.Introduction to these sophisticated and remarkable organisms who span the boundary between individual and community.

McLeish, Todd. “Deep Carbon Observatory Seeks to Discover Secrets of Carbon inside Earth.” University of Rhode Island Today, March 11, 2013. http://www.uri.edu/news/releases/?id=6568

Pimm, Stuart L. and Clinton Jenkins. “Sustaining the Variety of Life.” Scientific American, September 2005: 66–73.Description of the biodiversity hotspot approach to conservation.

Ricardo, Alonso and Jack W. Szostak. “Life on Earth.” Scientific American, September 2009: 54–61.

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Research on how the first living organisms arose from inanimate matter.Roberts, Phil. “The Anthropocene Could Raise Biological Diversity.” Nature, vol. 502 no. 7

(October 2013): 7. doi:10.1038/502007aAn essay on ways that non-native species, anthropogenic habitat changes, and hybridization can lead to increases in the numbers of species.

Roth, Charles E. “Education for Life in the Sky.” The Environmentalist, vol. 1 no. 4 (winter 1981): 293–97.An innovative approach to thinking about our place in the biosphere, this essay discusses humans as benthic organisms of the atmosphere, creatures of the bottom of the sky.

Stahler, Steven W. “The Inner Life of Star Clusters.” Scientific American, March 2013: 44–51.Zimmer, Carl. “Slime Molds: Ancient, Alien, and Sophisticated.” New York Times, October 4,

2011.

Books

Barlow, Connie. Green Space, Green Time: The Way of Science. New York: Copernicus, 1997.A discussion of human relationships to nature as a synthesis of science and religion.

Beattie, Andrew and Paul R. Ehrlich. Wild Solutions: How Biodiversity is Money in the Bank, 2nd ed. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2004.A discussion by two prominent ecologists of the instrumental value of preserving biodiversity, for lay readers.

Bonner, John Tyler. The Social Amoebae: The Biology of Cellular Slime Molds. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2008.A succinct and engaging overview of what is known about a remarkable group of organisms who function as both individuals and communities, with sophisticated divisions of labor.

Buchanan, Mark. Nexus: Small Worlds and the Groundbreaking Science of Networks. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, 2002.An accessible explanation of scale-free networks, a recurring feature of complex systems throughout the biosphere and thus an important concept in systems thinking.

Callicott, J. Baird. In Defense of the Land Ethic: Essays in Environmental Philosophy. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, 1989.

——. Thinking Like a Planet: The Land Ethic and the Earth Ethic. New York: Oxford University Press, 2014.An examination of environmental ethics by Aldo Leopold scholar J. Baird Callicott that extends the concept of the land ethic to a global scale, including climate change in its scope. The title is a reference to two of Leopold’s most well-known essays, “Thinking Like a Mountain” and “The Land Ethic.”

Capra, Fritjof. The Web of Life. New York: Anchor Books, 1996.——. The Hidden Connections: Integrating the Biological, Cognitive, and Social Dimensions of

Life into a Science of Sustainability. New York: Doubleday, 2002.Cleveland, C., ed. Encyclopedia of Earth. Washington, DC: Environmental Information

Coalition, National Council for Science and the Environment, 2007. http://www.eoearth.org/ An electronic reference about the planet’s natural environments and their interaction with human society, written collaboratively and peer reviewed by scholars and practitioners, and aimed at a broad audience: scholars, students, professionals, and the general public.

Crist, Eileen and H. Bruce Rinker, eds. Gaia in Turmoil. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2010.

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A range of chapters illustrating the interconnected systems of the biosphere. This collection approaches Earth system science, the biosphere, and the human sphere from a variety of perspectives including science, environmental ethics, and education, written by authorities in their respective fields.

Cunningham, William P. and Mary Ann Cunningham. Environmental Science: A Global Concern, 11th ed. New York: McGraw Hill, 2010.A comprehensive and engaging survey of environmental science, with lots of color diagrams, graphs, and photographs.

Davies, Paul and John Gribbin. The Matter Myth: Dramatic Discoveries that Challenge Our Understanding of Physical Reality. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2007.

Gribbin, John and Mary Gribbin. James Lovelock: In Search of Gaia. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2009.Provides not only a biography of James Lovelock, but also a clear understanding of the concepts of Earth system science, known as the Gaia Theory.

Harding, Stephan. Animate Earth: Science, Intuition and Gaia. White River Junction, VT: Chelsea Green Publishing, 2006.A portrait of the biosphere that provides a clear understanding of the connectedness of the Earth system and its components, while helping the reader to appreciate the system as a living entity. Harding has collaborated on Earth system science research with James Lovelock.

Harte, John. Consider a Spherical Cow: A Course in Environmental Problem Solving. Sausalito, CA: University Science Books, 1988.

——. Consider a Cylindrical Cow: More Adventures in Environmental Problem Solving. Sausalito, CA: University Science Books, 2001.An accessible approach to quantitative thinking about energy, water, food, pollution, climate, habitat, and population.

Hazen, Robert M. The Joy of Science. Chantilly, VA: Great Courses, 2001.——. The Story of Earth: The First 4.5 Billion Years, from Stardust to Living Planet. New York:

Viking, 2012.Clear description of the interconnected components of the biosphere and their development. Written for nonscientists, but full of detail.

Henson, Robert. The Rough Guide to Weather. New York: Penguin Putnam, 2002.Hölldobler, Bert and Edward O. Wilson. The Superorganism: The Beauty, Elegance, and

Strangeness of Insect Societies. New York: W.W. Norton, 2009.A detailed look at the life of the social insects including bees, ants, and termites that reveals how the separation between individual and community is more of a complex transition than it is a distinct dividing line. Wilson is considered the leading authority on social insects.

Keller, Edward A. and Daniel B. Botkin. Essential Environmental Science. New York: John Wiley, 2008.

Kump, Lee R., James F. Kasting, and Robert G. Crane. The Earth System, 3rd ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 2010.A rigorous science textbook that explores the details of Earth system science from an interdisciplinary, whole-systems perspective, written by acknowledged experts in the field.

Leopold, Aldo. A Sand County Almanac. New York: Ballantine Books, 1990.Collection of important essays by the twentieth-century ecologist and writer, influential in the field of environmental ethics. The essay “Thinking Like a Mountain” describes how his

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killing of a wolf changed his worldview. “The Land Ethic,” his best-known essay, explores the idea of ethics as a process of ecological evolution and extends the concept of the intrinsic rights of nature to the land itself.

Lovelock, James. Gaia: A New Look at Life on Earth. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 2000.

——. The Revenge of Gaia. New York: Basic Books, 2006.——. The Vanishing Face of Gaia: A Final Warning. New York: Basic Books, 2008.

The classic works on Gaia Theory, or Earth system science, by the atmospheric scientist whose research developed the theory.

Margulis, Lynn and Dorion Sagan. Microcosmos: Four Billion Years of Microbial Evolution. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1997.Description of microbial evolution by the microbiologist who first discovered that multicellular life was originally the result of symbiosis between separate organisms.

——. What is Life? Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 2000.Discussion of the origin of life and exploration of its structure by microbiologist Lynn Margulis, who also collaborated on the development of Gaia Theory with James Lovelock. Somewhat lyrical, and aimed at the general reader, yet provides solid scientific understanding.

Prigogine, Ilya and Isabelle Stengers. Order Out of Chaos. New York: Bantam, 1984.Classic work on chaos and complexity, written for scientists but still accessible. Prigogine won the Nobel Prize for his work in nonequilibrium thermodynamics.

Rolston, Holmes, III. Environmental Ethics: Duties to and Values in the Natural World. Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press, 1989.Essays by one of the leading figures in environmental ethics, including detailed philosophical analyses of distinctions or connections between individuals and communities.

Skinner, Brian J. and Barbara W. Murck. Blue Planet: An Introduction to Earth System Science, 3rd ed. New York: John Wiley, 2011.Earth system science textbook with a focus on the four spheres (lithosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere, biosphere), their interconnections, and the cycling of materials and energy.

Smil, Vaclav. The Earth’s Biosphere: Evolution, Dynamics, and Change. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2002.

Smolin, Lee. The Life of the Cosmos. New York: Oxford University Press, 1997.A cosmologist’s description of the birth, death, and rebirth of stars and galaxies that illustrates how broader principles such as the recycling of nutrients apply at even cosmic scales.

Trefil, James and Robert Hazen. The Sciences: An Integrated Approach, 6th ed. New York: John Wiley, 2010.Although intended as a high school textbook, this highly illustrated work is useful for providing context and solid understanding of scientific concepts, with a focus on interconnections and themes.

Vries, Bert J. M. de. Sustainability Science. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2013.

The authoritative textbook in the field of sustainability science.Walker, Brian and David Salt. Resilience Thinking: Sustaining Ecosystems and People in a

Changing World. Washington, DC: Island Press, 2006.

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Authoritative discussion of resilience and complexity, with primary authorship by an expert in the field.

Willers, William B., ed. Learning to Listen to the Land. Washington, DC: Island Press, 1991.An interdisciplinary collection of essays on biodiversity, overconsumption, population, bioregionalism, and ethics by E. O. Wilson, James Lovelock, Paul Ehrlich, Herman Daly, and other significant figures in sustainability that present the concept of Earth as a living entity.

Wilson, Edward O. The Future of Life. London: Abacus, 2002.——. The Diversity of Life. Boston, MA: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2010.

Discussions of biodiversity and extinction by the renowned entomologist known for his work to preserve biodiversity. Wilson is considered the leading authority on social insects, and also developed the Biophilia Hypothesis.

Withgott, Jay and Scott Brennan. Essential Environment: The Science behind the Stories, 3rd ed. San Francisco, CA: Pearson Benjamin Cummings, 2009.A comprehensive and engaging overview of environmental science, illustrated by case studies.

WWF, et al. Living Planet Report 2012. Gland: WWF, 2012.A science-based analysis of the health of the biosphere and the state of global biodiversity, published every two years by the World Wildlife Federation.

Websites

Deep Carbon Observatory. http://deepcarbon.net/ A grant-funded research institute investigating the nature and extent of the deep microbial biosphere.

Earth Exploration Toolbook. http://serc.carleton.edu/eet/index.htmlA peer-reviewed collection of online science Earth system science activities for teaching with data, including data sets, analysis tools, and case studies, written for high school and college educators.

Encyclopedia of Earth. http://www.eoearth.org/ An electronic reference, published by the National Council for Science and the Environment, about the planet’s natural environments and their interaction with human society, written collaboratively and peer reviewed by scholars and practitioners, and aimed at a broad audience: scholars, students, professionals, and the general public.

Future Earth. http://www.futureearth.org An international research platform and interdisciplinary hub which coordinates research on Earth systems, sustainable development, and transformations toward sustainability. Sponsored by UNEP, UNESCO, UN University, the World Meteorological Organization, and various other international research councils.

Global Environmental Governance Project. http://environmentalgovernance.org/.A joint initiative hosted by the College of William and Mary and the Yale Center for Environmental Law and Policy.

International Environmental Agreements website. http://iea.uoregon.edu/.Hosted by the University of Oregon. Provides a storehouse of information on environmental agreements.

National Council for Science and the Environment. http://ncseonline.org/

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A U.S. nonprofit organization dedicated to improving the scientific basis for environmental decision-making through advocacy, education, research and collaboration. Includes a network of affiliate organizations and institutions, and organizes conferences and publishes the open-source Encyclopedia of Earth.

State of the Ocean. “The Ocean and the Earth System.” http://www.stateoftheocean.org/flash/system.html Simple, nonquanitative animations which illustrate the carbon cycle, water cycle, thermohaline circulation or global conveyor belt, nutrient cycle, and the processes of phytosynthesis and oxygen production in the ocean, with concise descriptions.

University of Michigan Center for Sustainable Systems: Fact Sheet: Biodiversity, 2012. http://css.snre.umich.edu/factsOne of a series of two-page factsheets on a range of sustainability topics, produced and updated regularly by the University of Michigan.

USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service, National Biology handbook. http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/technical/biology.html

World Resources Institute: Maps & Data. http://www.wri.org/resourcesA database of maps, charts, data sets, infographics, and other visual resources based on the World Resources Institute’s data and research.

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4. The Human Sphere

Articles, Chapters, and Papers

Assadourian, Erik. “The Path to Degrowth in Overdeveloped Countries.” In State of the World 2012, Worldwatch Institute, 22–37. Washington, DC: Island Press, 2012.Approaches to solving the problem of economic growth, by a senior fellow of the Worldwatch Institute.

——. “Re-engineering Cultures to Create a Sustainable Civilization.” In State of the World 2013: Is Sustainability Still Possible? Worldwatch Institute, 113–25. Washington, DC: Island Press, 2013.An introduction to the complexities of human culture and the challenges of transforming modern culture to one that is compatible with a living planetary system.

Attaran, A. “An Immeasurable Crisis? A Criticism of the Millennium Development Goals and Why They Cannot Be Measured.” PLoS Medicine (2005). http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1201695/

Center for Sustainable Systems Factsheets. Social Development Indicators. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan, 2012. http://css.snre.umich.edu/facts/ . One of a series of two-page factsheets on a range of sustainability topics, produced and updated regularly by the University of Michigan.

Cobb, Clifford W. and John B. Cobb, Jr., eds. The Green National Product: A Proposed Index of Sustainable Economic Welfare. Lanham, MD: University Press of America, 1994.An early set of discussions on an alternative to the gross national product (GDP), the Index of Sustainable Economic Welfare (ISEW).

Cohen, David. “Earth’s Natural Wealth: An Audit.” New Scientist, vol. 2605 (May 23, 2007).Cohen, Joel E. “Human Population Grows Up.” Scientific American, September 2005: 48–55.——. “Human Population: The Next Half Century.” In State of the Planet 2006–2007, ed.

Donald Kennedy. Washington, DC: Island Press, 2006.——. “Data Points: The New Boomers.” Scientific American, July 2009: 28.

Articles about human population and demographics from a highly regarded authority on population.

Cook, Simon, Myles Fisher, Tassilo Tiemann, and Alain Vidal. “Water, Food and Poverty: Global- and Basin-scale Analysis.” Water International, vol. 36 no. 1 (2011): 1–16.

Costanza, Robert, et al. “Building a Sustainable and Desirable Economy-in-Society-in-Nature.” In State of the World 2013: Is Sustainability Still Possible? Worldwatch Institute, 126–42. Washington, DC: Island Press, 2013.Discussion of the implications of full-world, steady-state economics, from a leading ecological economist.

——. “Time to Leave GDP Behind.” Nature, vol. 505 (2014): 283–85.Crutzen, Paul J. “Geology of Mankind.” Nature, vol. 415 (January 2002): 23

The short article in which Nobel Laureate Paul Crutzen proposed the Anthropocene as a new geological epoch.

Crutzen, Paul J. and Steffen W. “How Long Have We Been in the Anthropocene Era?” Climate Change, vol. 61 no. 3 (2003): 251–57. Explanation of how human impact has led to a new geological epoch, the Anthropocene, by the two leading scholars on the subject.

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Daly, Herman E. “Economics in a Full World.” Scientific American, vol. 293 no. 3 (September 2005): 100–07.One of the clearest and most succinct explanations of the principles of ecological economics by the leading scholar in the field.

——. “A Steady-State Economy.” Sustainable Development Commission, UK. April 24, 2008. http://steadystaterevolution.org/files/pdf/Daly_UK_Paper.pdf

Daly, Lew. “Moving Beyond GDP.” In State of the World 2013: Is Sustainability Still Possible? Worldwatch Institute, 37. Washington, DC: Island Press, 2013.A brief overview of initiatives around the world to develop alternatives to GDP.

Dietz, Thomas, Elinor Ostrom, and Paul C. Stern. 2003. “The Struggle to Govern the Commons.” Science, vol. 302 no. 5652: 1907–12.An overview of principles, challenges, and strategies for governing common pool resources. Focuses on large-scale and transboundary commons. Frequently cited.

Douthwaite, Richard. “Money and Energy.” In The Post Carbon Reader: Managing the 21st Century’s Sustainability Crises, eds. Richard Heinberg and Daniel Lerch, 279–82. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 2010.

Easterlin, Richard. “Will Raising the Incomes of All Increase the Happiness of All?” Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, vol. 27 (1995): 35–47.Early research in the study of well-being and economics which suggested that growth does not always increase happiness; the correlation between income and happiness reaches a threshold of sufficiency and tends not to increase further.

Ehrlich, Paul R. and John P. Holdren. “Impact of Population Growth.” Science, vol. 171 (1971): 1212–17.The article in which Ehrlich and Holdren introduced their now-famous “IPAT” formula.

Ehrlich, Paul R., Peter M. Kareiva, and Gretchen C. Daily. “Securing Natural Capital and Expanding Equity to Rescale Civilization.” Nature, vol. 486 (June 2012): 68–73. doi:10.1038/nature11157A discussion of the possibilities of addressing the growing condition of global overshoot through reducing inequity, stabilizing population and securing natural capital, while also enhancing the social role of academia.

Engelman, Robert. “Nine Population Strategies to Stop Short of 9 Billion.” In State of the World 2012: Moving Toward Sustainable Prosperity, Worldwatch Institute, 121–28. Washington, DC: Island Press, 2012.

——. “Toward a Sustainable Number of Us.” In State of the World 2013: Is Sustainability Still Possible? Worldwatch Institute, 9. Washington, DC: Island Press, 2013.A brief overview of carrying capacity and calculations of potentially sustainable levels of greenhouse gas emissions and natural resource consumption.

Farley, Joshua. “Ecological Economics.” In The Post Carbon Reader: Managing the 21st Century’s Sustainability Crises, eds. Richard Heinberg and Daniel Lerch, 259–78. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 2010.Explanation of the concepts of ecological economics, by one of the leading scholars in the field.

Funke, Nikki, Karen Nortje, Kieran Findlater, Mike Burns, Anthony Turton, Alex Weaver, and Hanlie Hattingh. “Redressing Inequality: South Africa’s New Water Policy.” Environment: Science and Policy for Sustainable Development, vol. 49 no. 3 (April 2007): 10–23.

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Galvin, Mary. “Participating in Urban Myths about Women’s Rural Water Struggles.” Agenda: Empowering Women for Gender Equity, vol. 25 no. 2 (2011): 87–100.

Heinberg, Richard. “Beyond the Limits to Growth.” In The Post Carbon Reader: Managing the 21st Century’s Sustainability Crises, eds. Richard Heinberg and Daniel Lerch, 3–12. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 2010.An introductory framework for the transition to a post-carbon world, with examples including food, energy, local economy, reskilling, and preservation of local ecosystems; Heinberg is a senior fellow at the Post Carbon Institute whose work focuses on the transition to a resilient, sustainable, post-carbon world beyond the end of economic growth.

Jackson, Tim. Prosperity Without Growth? The Transition to a Sustainable Economy. UK Sustainable Development Commission, 2009. Analysis of the complex relationship between economic growth, environmental degradation, and social inequity. An expanded form was published as a book from Earthscan. The paper is available from the Sustainable Development Commission website at http://www.sd-commission.org.uk/publications.php?id=914

Jerneck, Anne, et al. “Structuring Sustainability Science.” Sustain Science, vol. 6 (2011): 69–82.Kallis, Giorgos. “In Defence of Degrowth.” Ecological Economics, vol. 70 (2011): 873–80.Kallis, Giorgos, Christian Kerschner, and Joan Martinez-Alier. “The Economics of Degrowth.”

Ecological Economics, vol. 84 (December 2012): 172–80.An examination of current research on economic degrowth and the conditions under which it could be socially sustainable.

Kennedy, Donald. “Life on a Human-Dominated Planet.” In State of the Planet 2006–2007, ed. Donald Kennedy. Washington, DC: Island Press, 2006.Analysis by a Stanford University biologist who became an administrator and political figure.

Klein, Naomi. “Capitalism vs. the Climate.” The Nation, November 21, 2011.Kubiszewski, Ida and Robert Costanza. “Ecosystem Services for Sustainable Prosperity.” In

State of the World 2012: Moving Toward Sustainable Prosperity, Worldwatch Institute, 177–82. Washington, DC: Island Press, 2012.Discussion of the importance of ecosystem services by two highly regarded ecological economists.

Lawn, Philip A. “A Theoretical Foundation to Support the Index of Sustainable Economic Welfare (ISEW), Genuine Progress Indicator (GPI), and Other Related Indexes.” Ecological Economics, vol. 44, no. 1 (February 2003): 105–18.

McKibben, Bill. “Breaking the Growth Habit.” Scientific American, April 2010: 63–65.Analysis of why the economic growth model is no longer viable, by one of the leading figures in the field of sustainability.

Mattar, Helio. “Public Policies on More-Sustainable Consumption.” In State of the World 2012: Moving Toward Sustainable Prosperity, Worldwatch Institute, 137–44. Washington, DC: Island Press, 2012.

Mazur, Laurie. “Empower Women, Build Resilience.” In State of the World 2013: Is Sustainability Still Possible? Worldwatch Institute, 356. Washington, DC: Island Press, 2013.A two-paragraph summary of research on the role of women in fostering resilience.

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Moore, Jennie and William E. Rees. “Getting to One-Planet Living.” In State of the World 2013: Is Sustainability Still Possible? Worldwatch Institute, 39–50. Washington, DC: Island Press, 2013.An examination of Ecological Footprint and what will be required in order to live within the planetary carrying capacity.

Musser, George. “The Climax of Humanity.” Scientific American, September 2005: 44–47.Ostrom, Elinor. 2008. The challenge of common-pool resources. Environment: Science and

Policy for Sustainable Development, vol. 50 no. 4: 8–21. An accessible introduction to common pool resources, their challenges, principles, and management.

Pulliam, H. R., and N. M. Haddad. “Human Population Growth and the Carrying Capacity Concept.” Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America, vol. 75 (1994): 141–57.

Raworth, Kate. “Defining a Safe and Just Space for Humanity.” In State of the World 2013: Is Sustainability Still Possible? Worldwatch Institute, 28–38. Washington, DC: Island Press, 2013.A perspective on sustainable development that examines the relationships between the research on planetary boundaries, the safe operating space for humanity, and a quantification of social boundaries.

Rees, William E. “The Human Nature of Unsustainability.” In The Post Carbon Reader: Managing the 21st Century’s Sustainability Crises, eds. Richard Heinberg and Daniel Lerch, 194–203. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 2010.Analysis by a fellow of the Post Carbon Institute who originated and developed the Ecological Footprint method (with his former student, Mathis Wackernagel).

Ryerson, William N. “Population: The Multiplier of Everything Else.” In The Post Carbon Reader: Managing the 21st Century’s Sustainability Crises, eds. Richard Heinberg and Daniel Lerch, 153–74. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 2010.Analysis by a fellow of the Post Carbon Institute, a population expert and president of the Population Institute.

Sachs, Wolfgang. “Development and Decline.” In State of the World 2013: Is Sustainability Still Possible? Worldwatch Institute, 125. Washington, DC: Island Press, 2013.Analysis by a lead author of the 2001 IPCC report, past president of Greenpeace Germany, and senior researcher at the Wuppertal Institute for Climate, Environment, and Energy.

Shuman, Michael H. “The Competitiveness of Local Living Economies.” In The Post Carbon Reader: Managing the 21st Century’s Sustainability Crises, eds. Richard Heinberg and Daniel Lerch, 283–91. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 2010.

Speth, James Gustave. “The Social Costs of the U.S. Banking System.” In State of the World 2013: Is Sustainability Still Possible? Worldwatch Institute, 136. Washington, DC: Island Press, 2013.Analysis by a leading environmental law expert and former administrator of the United Nations Development Programme, former dean of the Yale School of Forestry & Environmental Studies, founder of the World Resources Institute, and co-founder of the Natural Resources Defense Council.

Spratt, Stephen, Andrew Simms, Eva Neitzert, and Josh Ryan-Collins. “The Great Transition: A Tale of How it Turned Out Right.” London: New Economics Foundation, 2010.

Steffen, Will, Paul J. Crutzen, and John R. McNeill. “The Anthropocene: Are Humans Now Overwhelming the Great Forces of Nature?” Ambio, vol. 36 no. 8 (December 2007).

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Description of the details of the new geological epoch, the Anthropocene, by the recognized authorities on the subject.

Sutton, Mark A., et al., “Too Much of a Good Thing.” Nature, vol. 472: 159–61.ten Brink, P., L. Mazza, T. Badura, M. Kettunen, and S. Withana. Nature and its Role in the

Transition to a Green Economy. London: Institute for European Environmental Policy, 2012.Final report on the work of The Economics of Ecosystems & Biodiversity (TEEB), an initiative of UNEP.

Thrasher, Rachel Denae. “Free Trade.” In Berkshire Encyclopedia of Sustainability: The Spirit of Sustainability, ed. Willis Jenkins, 239–42. Great Barrington, MA: Berkshire Publishing Group, 2010.

UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs. “The Millennium Development Goals Report 2013.” New York: United Nations, 2013.An annual report on progress made in specific regions under eight development goals.

UN Environment Programme (UNEP). “Green Jobs: Towards Decent Work in a Sustainable, Low-Carbon World.” Nairobi: United Nations, 2008.A report on employment and potential job creation in several sectors, with recommendations for policymakers, business, and labor. Produced by the Worldwatch Institute in connection with the UN Green Jobs Initiative.

UN Population Division. “World Population Prospects: The 2010 Revision, Volume I: Comprehensive Tables.” New York: United Nations, 2011.Global demographic estimates and projections issued every two years by the UN Population Division.

Vidal, John. “How Food and Water Are Driving a 21st-Century African Landgrab.” Observer, March 7, 2010. http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2010/mar/07/food-water-africa-land-grab

Vital GEO Graphics. UNEP/GRID-Arendal, 2009.One of a useful series of electronic publications in the Vital Graphics series designed to communicate scientific findings in an accessible format. Communicates concepts clearly using both language and numerous high-quality graphics.

Weinthal, Erika, Jessica Troell, and Mikiyasu Nakayama. “Water and Post-Conflict Peacebuilding: Introduction.” Water International, vol. 36 no. 2 (2011): 143–53.

Whybrow, Peter C. “Dangerously Addictive: Why We are Biologically Ill-Suited to the Riches of Modern America.” In The Post Carbon Reader: Managing the 21st Century’s Sustainability Crises, eds. Richard Heinberg and Daniel Lerch, 177–83. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 2010.

Zalasiewicz, Jan, et al. “Are We Now Living in the Anthropocene?” Geological Society of America, vol. 18 no. 2 (February 2009): 4–8.A report on work by a team of British geologists who conduct ongoing research on the phenomenon of the Anthropocene epoch.

Books

Alperovitz, Gar. What Then Must We Do? White River Junction, VT: Chelsea Green, 2013.Assadourian, Erik. State of the World 2010: Transforming Cultures, from Consumerism to

Sustainability. Washington, DC: Island Press, 2010.——. State of the World 2012: Moving Toward Sustainable Prosperity. Washington, DC: Island

Press, 2012.

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State of the World reports are edited collections published annually by the authoritative Worldwatch Institute. Each edition explores a different sustainability theme with essays by recognized experts in their respective fields. The editor of these two volumes is a senior fellow of the Worldwatch Institute.

Bellwood, Peter. First Farmers: The Origins of Agricultural Societies. Oxford, UK: Blackwell, 2005.

Brown, Lester R. Plan B 4.0: Mobilizing to Save Civilization. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, 2009.Written by the prolific and influential Lester Brown, founder and president of the Earth Policy Institute, founder and former president of the Worldwatch Institute, this is a comprehensive and thoroughly researched analysis of the environmental, social, and economic challenges facing the planet together with a plan for how to address them, which Brown tells us must be done “with wartime speed.”

——. World on the Edge: How to Prevent Environmental and Economic Collapse. New York: W.W. Norton, 2011.An update of Brown’s Plan B 4.0, this is a comprehensive and thoroughly researched analysis of the environmental, social, and economic challenges facing the planet, with a focus on urgently needed solutions.

Chandy, L. and G. Gertz. Poverty in Numbers: The Changing State of Global Poverty from 2005 to 2015. Washington, DC: The Brookings Institution, 2011.

Costanza, Robert, John H. Cumberland, Herman Daly, Robert Goodland, and Richard B. Norgaard. An Introduction to Ecological Economics, 2nd ed. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 2014.A thorough introduction to the field by five of its leading scholars.

Czech, B. Shoveling Fuel for a Runaway Train: Errant Economists, Shameful Spenders, and a Plan to Stop Them All. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 2000.Calls for an end to the economic growth model. An early work by ecological economist Brian Czech, who went on to found the Center for the Advancement of the Steady State Economy (CASSE) in 2004.

Czech, B. Supply Shock: Economic Growth at the Crossroads and the Steady State Solution. Gabriola Island, BC: New Society Publishers, 2013.An analysis of the theories and models of the current economic system that is comprehensive but readable, with a proposed framework for a sustainable steady-state economy. The author is an ecological economist who founded the Center for the Advancement of the Steady State Economy (CASSE).

Daly, Herman E. and Joshua Farley. Ecological Economics: Principles and Applications. Washington, DC: Island Press, 2003.The definitive introductory textbook for ecological economics, by two of its leading scholars.

Daly, Lew and Stephen Posner. Beyond GDP: New Measures for a New Economy. New York: Demos, 2012.

Diamond, Jared. Collapse: How Societies Choose to Fail or Succeed. New York: Penguin, 2004.Although written for a lay audience and lacking detailed citations, this is a generally well researched description of the environmental impacts of population growth, political discord, and overconsumption, and the resulting effects on human cultures of the past. The author, a

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biogeographer, explores what these patterns imply about modern climate change, political unrest, and reaching the limits of Earth’s carrying capacity.

Dietz, Rob and Dan O’Neill. Enough is Enough: Building a Sustainable Economy in a World of Finite Resources. San Francisco, CA: Berrett-Koehler, 2013.A readable and lucid description of the problems with the economic growth model, with constructive strategies for building a sustainable economy, by the chief economist and former director of the Center for the Advancement of the Steady State Economy (CASSE). A portion of the royalties from the book go to support the work of CASSE.

Dillard, Jesse, Veronica Dujon, and Mary C. King, eds. Understanding the Social Dimension of Sustainability. London: Routledge, 2009.

Ehrlich, Paul R. and Anne H. Ehrlich. The Dominant Animal: Human Evolution and the Environment. Washington, DC: Island Press, 2009.An exploration of the environmental history of our species through the present day, with proposals for how to avoid ecological catastrophe.

Elkington, John. The Zeronauts: Breaking the Sustainability Barrier. New York: Routledge, 2012.A primer in net-zero concepts for business leaders, illustrated by parallels with the total quality management movement with which many business people will be familiar.

Gilding, Paul. The Great Disruption. New York: Bloomsbury Press, 2011.A detailed and informative look at why an impending global crisis is now unavoidable and at why a global transformation to a sustainable economy is plausible.

Goodstein, Eban S. Economics and the Environment. New York: John Wiley, 2010.Hawken, Paul. Ecology of Commerce: A Declaration of Sustainability, revised edition. New

York: Harper Collins, 2010.Revised edition of the 1993 classic about how to bring capitalism and environmental concerns together under one framework.

Hawken, Paul, Amory Lovins, and L. Hunter Lovins. Natural Capitalism: Creating the Next Industrial Revolution. New York: Little, Brown and Company, 1999.A groundbreaking work aimed at economists, business leaders, and policymakers, as well as general readers, that promotes long-term over short-term thinking and systems thinking over siloes. It explores the meaning of natural capital, applies market principles to natural resources, and shows how successful businesses can be simultaneously profitable and environmentally responsible. New editions published in 2008 and 2010.Heinberg, Richard. The End of Growth: Adapting to Our New Economic Reality. Gabriola Island, BC: New Society Publishers, 2011.A clear discussion of the physical limits of the economic growth model by a senior fellow at the Post Carbon Institute whose work focuses on the transition to a resilient, sustainable, post-carbon world beyond the end of economic growth.

Heinberg, Richard and Daniel Lerch, eds. The Post Carbon Reader: Managing the 21st Century’s Sustainability Crises. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 2010.This thoughtful collection of papers by recognized experts is one of the clearest and most comprehensive books on sustainability issues, potential solutions, and interconnectedness. Topics include sustainability concepts, climate, water, biodiversity, food, population, culture, energy, economics, cities, transportation, waste, health, education, and resilience.

IEA. Energy for All: Financing Access for the Poor. Paris: IEA, 2011.

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Jackson, Tim. Prosperity Without Growth: Economics for a Finite Planet. London: Earthscan, 2009.A vision for a sustainable approach to economics and human society on a planet with finite resources. Based on the author’s report to the UK government’s Sustainable Development Commission.

Kareiva, Peter, Heather Tallis, Taylor H. Ricketts, Gretchen C. Daily, and Stephen Polasky, eds. Natural Capital: Theory and Practice of Mapping Ecosystem Services. New York: Oxford University Press, 2011.Detailed technical analyses of the science of quantifying, modeling, and mapping ecosystem services at a variety of spatial scales, by recognized authorities in the field.

Kennedy, Donald, ed. Science Magazine’s State of the Planet 2006–2007. Washington, DC: Island Press, 2006.Evaluations of the current state of planetary issues in 2006, including water, energy, climate, biodiversity, population, food, and health, by leading experts in each of those fields.

Korten, David C. When Corporations Rule the World, 2nd ed. San Francisco, Ca: Berrett-Koehler, 2001.

McKibben, Bill. Deep Economy: The Wealth of Communities and the Durable Future. New York: Henry Holt and Company, 2007.An book on the failings of the growth economy and proposals for moving beyond growth.

Meadows, Donella, Jorgen Randers, and Dennis Meadows. Limits to Growth: The 30-Year Update. White River Junction, VT: Chelsea Green, 2004. An updated version of the scientifically rigorous and influential 1972 study by a team of systems analysts, which concluded that if current trends continued, the planet would reach its limits to growth within 100 years.

Pearce, David. Blueprint 3: Measuring Sustainable Development. London: Earthscan, 1993. Contains Pearce’s “sustainability spectrum,” illustrating weak and strong sustainability.

Pearce, Fred. The Land Grabbers: The New Fight Over Who Owns the Earth. Boston, MA: Beacon Press, 2013. A detailed overview of the phenomenon in which governments, corporations, and investors with power take land from people without power.

Ponting, Clive. A New Green History of the World: The Environment and the Collapse of Great Civilizations. New York: Penguin, 2007.A study of the interactions between human societies and their surroundings and the environmental transformations that resulted. Beginning with hunter-gatherer societies, moving through Sumerian, Egyptian, Mayan, and other settled societies including China and Europe, through the impacts of modern industrialized societies, this environmental history provides a broad but concise overview.

Princen, Thomas, Michael Maniates, and Ken Conca, eds. Confronting Consumption. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2002.

Randers, Jorgen. 2052: A Global Forecast for the Next Forty Years. White River Junction, VT: Chelsea Green, 2012.A rigorous and data-driven assessment from one of the three co-authors of the seminal 1972 study Limits to Growth. Forty years after the publication of Limits to Growth, the author reviews and synthesizes research data from over 30 experts in a range of specialties, from which he develops plausible scenarios for changes in population, consumption, social structure, food, energy, and climate for the next 40 years.

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Redman, Charles L. Human Impact on Ancient Environments. Tucson, AZ: University of Arizona Press, 2001.

Rubin, Jeff. Why Your World is about to Get a Whole Lot Smaller. Toronto, ON: Vintage Canada Editions, 2010.

Schumacher, E. F. Small is Beautiful: Economics as if People Mattered. New York: Harper & Row, 1973.The classic and influential work by British economist Ernest Schumacher that first introduced a general public to the idea that perpetual economic growth is not sustainable.

Speth, James Gustave. Red Sky at Morning. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2004.——. The Bridge at the Edge of the World. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2008.——. America the Possible: Manifesto for a New Economy. New Haven, CT: Yale University

Press, 2012.Three works in the American Crisis series by a leading environmental law expert, detailing the challenges facing the planet and the transitions we must make, including transformations of governance. Speth was the former administrator of the United Nations Development Programme, former dean of the Yale School of Forestry & Environmental Studies, founder of the World Resources Institute, and co-founder of the Natural Resources Defense Council.

Stern, Nicholas. The Economics of Climate Change: The Stern Review. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2006.An influential work by the former chief economist of the World Bank, sometimes referred to as “the Stern report.” Forecasts the economic and social impacts of climate change; analyzes the benefits of early action on climate mitigation and the considerable costs of not acting.

Theis, Tom and Jonathan Tomkin, eds. Sustainability: A Comprehensive Foundation. Houston, TX: Connexions, Rice University, 2012.

An introductory overview of a range of topics in the field, available for download. United Nations University, International Human Dimensions Programme, and UNEP. Inclusive

Wealth Report 2012: Measuring Progress toward Sustainability. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2012.

Vries, Bert J. M. de. Sustainability Science. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2013.

The authoritative textbook in the field of sustainability science.Wessels, Tom. The Myth of Progress: Toward a Sustainable Future. Burlington, VT: University

of Vermont Press, 2006.World Bank. Moving Beyond GDP. Washington, DC: WAVES Partnership, 2012.World Resources Institute (WRI) in collaboration with United Nations Development

Programme, United Nations Environment Programme, and World Bank. World Resources 2008: Roots of Resilience—Growing the Wealth of the Poor. Washington, DC: World Resources Institute, 2008.

Worldwatch Institute. State of the World 2010: Transforming Cultures From Consumerism to Sustainability. New York: W.W. Norton, 2010.

——. State of the World 2012: Moving Toward Sustainable Prosperity. Washington, DC: Island Press, 2012.State of the World reports are edited collections published annually by the authoritative Worldwatch Institute. Each edition explores a different sustainability theme with essays by recognized experts in their respective fields.

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Websites

Center for the Advancement of the Steady State Economy (CASSE). http://steadystate.org/ Organization dedicated to promoting a steady-state economy, with stabilized population and consumption, as an alternative to the economic growth model. Publishes the Steady Stater Newsletter and a blog, The Daly News.

Center for Environment and Population. http://www.cepnet.org/A nonprofit research, policy, and advocacy organization focused on population, reproductive health, empowerment of women, and sustainable development.

Center for Sustainable Economy. http://www.sustainable-economy.org/ Nonprofit organization for research, education, and advocacy related to ecological economics.

The Economics of Climate Change: The Stern Review. http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/+/http://www.hm-treasury.gov.uk/independent_reviews/stern_review_economics_climate_change/stern_review_report.cfmDownload the entire Stern Review here.

An influential work by the former chief economist of the World Bank, sometimes referred to as “the Stern report.” Forecasts the economic and social impacts of climate change; analyzes the benefits of early action on climate mitigation and the considerable costs of not acting.

Foreign Policy. Failed States Index. http://www.foreignpolicy.com/failedstates Fund for Peace. http://www.fundforpeace.org/ Fund for Peace: Failed States Index. http://ffp.statesindex.org/

The Failed States Index is published annually on the Fund for Peace website and in the July/August issue of Foreign Policy magazine. The searchable index can be accessed from either of these websites.

Genuine Progress Indicator. http://rprogress.org/sustainability_indicators/genuine_progress_indicator.htmAn alternative to GDP, created in 1995 by Redefining Progress. Measures economic and social well-being.

Gund Institute for Ecological Economics. http://www.uvm.edu/giee/Research institute at the University of Vermont. Fellows, current and past scholars include prominent names in the field of ecological economics.

Happy Planet Index. www.happyplanetindex.org/ An alternative to GDP, created in 2006 by the New Economics Foundation, which measures quality of life rather than wealth or economic activity.

International Food Policy Research Institute. http://www.ifpri.org/Nonprofit organization: conducts research on food, poverty, land grabs, trade, and other issues; publishes reports; provides advocacy.

International Society for Ecological Economics (ISEE). http://www.ecologicaleconomics.orgThe professional organization for ecological economics. Publishes a research journal, books, and reports, develops educational materials, and holds scientific meetings and conferences.

Maryland’s Genuine Progress Indicator. http://www.green.maryland.gov/mdgpiA viable example of a Genuine Progress Indicator being used by a state government.

New Economics Foundation. http://www.neweconomics.org/ UK-based organization that works to understand challenges and promote alternative to the economic growth model.

Oakland Institute. http://www.oaklandinstitute.org/

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Research and advocacy related to land grabs, poverty, climate change, and international aid.Population Action International (PAI). http://www.populationaction.orgPopulation Council. http://www.popcouncil.org/

International nongovernmental organization that conducts research and advocacy programs in reproductive health, empowerment of women, and sustainable development.

Population Reference Bureau. http://www.prb.org/International nonprofit organization that conducts research and advocacy in population and reproductive health. Website includes interactive graphics and a world population clock.

Redefining Progress. http://rprogress.org/index.htmWebsite for the Genuine Progress Indicator.

Rio+20 United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development. “Green Economy.” http://www.uncsd2012.org/greeneconomy.html

Sustainable Scale Project: Carrying Capacity. http://www.sustainablescale.org/ConceptualFramework/UnderstandingScale/MeasuringScale/CarryingCapacity.aspx

Sustainable Scale Project: Limits to Growth. http://www.sustainablescale.org/ConceptualFramework/UnderstandingScale/MeasuringScale/LimitstoGrowth.aspxThe Sustainable Scale Project was a nongovernmental organization providing educational resources, originally launched by ecological economists Brian Czech, Herman Daly, Joshua Farley, and David Batker. Useful information is still available on the website, but the site is not updated.United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. http://www.un.org/esa/population/unpop.htmLocation of the United Nations Population Division listed above.

United Nations Development Programme Millennium Development Goals. http://www.undp.org/mdg/basics.shtml An agreement signed by the member nations in 2000 to cut all forms of extreme poverty by half within 15 years, using a set of eight goals.

United Nations Development Programme Resource Efficiency. http://www.unep.org/resourceefficiency/Works to promote resource efficiency, sustainable consumption and production in developed and developing countries. Formerly known as the Sustainable Consumption Programme.

United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). http://www.unep.org/UNEP describes itself as “the voice for the environment.” Its many programs include environmental assessment, education, and advocacy.

United Nations Millennium Development Goals. http://www.un.org/millenniumgoalsA project of the United Nations Development Programme. An agreement signed by the member nations in 2000 to cut all forms of extreme poverty by half within 15 years, using a set of 8 goals.

United Nations Population Division Home Page. http://www.un.org/esa/population/unpop.htmThe international organization which monitors and evaluates population trends. Publishes population projections every two years in the World Population Prospects, with low, medium, and high population projection scenarios.

United Nations Population Fund. http://www.unfpa.org/public/United Nations agency to promote reproductive health and empowerment of women.

U.S. Census Bureau. http://www.census.gov/popest/estimates.html

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The population research division of the U.S. Department of Commerce, with databases and interactive graphics on a range of population and demographic subjects.

U.S. Society for Ecological Economics. http://www.ussee.orgThe U.S. division of the International Society for Ecological Economics (ISEE).

World Population Clock. http://www.census.gov/main/www/popclock.htmlOfficial population clock from the U.S. Census Bureau. Continuously updated counters show U.S. and world populations.

World Resources Institute: Finance. http://www.wri.org/our-work/topics/finance Facts, data, and other information about global research on shifting investment toward sustainable development.

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5. Climate

Articles, Chapters, and Papers

Anderson, K., A. Bows, S. Mander, S. Shackley, P. Agnolucci, and P. Ekins. “Decarbonising Modern Societies: Integrated Scenarios Process and Workshops.” Technical Report 48, Tyndall Centre, 2006. http://www.tyndall.ac.uk/research/theme2/final_reports/t3_24.pdf

Arndt, D. S., M. O. Baringer, and M. R. Johnson, eds. “State of the Climate in 2009.” Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, vol. 91 (2010): S1–S224. http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/bams-state-of-the-climate/2009.php

Arrhenius, Svante. “On the Influence of Carbonic Acid in the Air upon the Temperature of the Ground.” The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science, April 1896.The first known warning about climate change, from Swedish chemist Svante Arrhenius who argued that emissions from burning fossil fuels was making the planet warmer and would lead to global climate change.

Bauman, Yoram and Shi-Ling Hsu. “The Most Sensible Tax of All.” New York Times, July 5, 2012: A19.

Benson, M. “Regional Initiatives: Scaling the Climate Response and Responding to Conceptions of Scale.” Annals of the Association of American Geographers, vol. 100 (2010): 1025–35.

“The Biological Effects of Ocean Acidification,” Princeton University. http://www.princeton.edu/grandchallenges/energy/research-highlights/ocean-acidification/

Blok, Kornelis, Niklas Höhne, Kees van der Leun, and Nicholas Harrison. “Bridging the Greenhouse-Gas Emissions Gap.” Nature Climate Change, vol. 2 (July 2012).

Bulkeley, H. and S. Moser. “Responding to Climate Change: Governance and Social Action beyond Kyoto.” Global Environmental Politics, vol. 7 (2007): 1–10.

Burr, Barry B. “Ceres: SEC Needs to Better Enforce Climate Change Disclosure Requirements.” Pensions & Investments, February 7, 2014. http://www.pionline.com/article/20140207/ONLINE/140209893/ceres-sec-needs-to-better-enforce-climate-change-disclosure-requirements Summarizes a report by sustainable business advocacy group Ceres.

Coulter, Liese, Josep G. Canadell, and Shobhakar Dhakal, eds. “Carbon Reductions and Offsets.” Earth System Science Partnership Report No. 5, Global Carbon Project Report No. 6. Canberra: Global Carbon Project, 2008.

Crutzen, Paul. “Albedo Enhancement by Stratospheric Sulfur Injections: A Contribution to Resolve a Policy Dilemma?” Climatic Change, August 2006: 212, 217.Analysis of a potential geoengineering strategy by Nobel Laureate Paul Crutzen, who stresses that there are many uncertainties and that geoengineering should be considered only a last resort, used in the likely event that emissions are not reduced enough.

Davidson, E. A. and I. A. Janssens. “Temperature Sensitivity of Soil Carbon Decomposition and Feedbacks to Climate Change.” Nature, vol. 440 (2006):165–73.

DOE/Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. “Even Soil Feels the Heat: Soils Release More Carbon Dioxide as Globe Warms.” ScienceDaily, March 25, 2010.

Douthwaite, Richard. “The International Response to Climate Change.” In The Post Carbon Reader: Managing the 21st Century’s Sustainability Crises, eds. Richard Heinberg and Daniel Lerch, 53–62. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 2010.

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Fleming, J. “The Climate Engineers: Playing God to Save the Planet.” Wilson Quarterly, Spring 2007: 46.

German Advisory Council on Global Change (WBGU). “Solving the Climate Dilemma: The Budget Approach.” Berlin: German Advisory Council on Global Change, 2009.Special report prepared in advance of the 2009 UN Climate Change Conference in Copenhagen. A budget approach to preventing global warming from exceeding the 2C guard rail thought to be necessary if dangerous climate change is to be avoided, proposing adoption of a binding upper limit on CO2 emissions.

Hansen, James E. “Climate Change is Here—and Worse than We Thought.” Washington Post, August 3, 2012.An opinion piece by leading climate scientist James Hansen, then head of the NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies, who says that his earlier projections about the impacts of climate change had been too optimistic.

Hansen, James, et al. “Target Atmospheric CO2: Where Should Humanity Aim?” 2008. http://arxiv.org/abs/0804.1126 and http://arxiv.org/abs/0804.1135Paper that establishes 350 ppm as the safe limit for atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration.

Harvey, Fiona. “Black is the New Green.” Financial Times, March 3, 2009.Article discussing the carbon sequestration potential of biochar.

Heller, Nicole E. and Erika S. Zavaleta. “Biodiversity Management in the Face of Climate Change: A Review of 22 Years of Recommendations.” Biological Conservation, vol. 142 (2009): 14–32.

Hönisch, Bärbel, et al., “The Geological Record of Ocean Acidification.” Science, March 2, 2012: 1058–63.

IPCC. Climate Change 2014: Synthesis Report. Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. [Core Writing Team, R. K. Pachauri and L. A. Meyer, eds.]. Geneva, Switzerland: IPCC, 2014.

Jones, Christopher M. and Daniel M. Kammen. “Quantifying Carbon Footprint Reduction Opportunities for U.S. Households and Communities.” Environmental Science & Technology, vol. 45 no. 9 (March 30, 2011): 4088–95.An analysis of embodied carbon emissions in transportation, energy, water, waste, food, goods, and services, used to quantify carbon footprints of typical U.S. households of various sizes and income levels in multiple locations.

Kunreuther, Howard, Geoffrey Heal, Myles Allen, Ottmar Edenhofer, Christopher Field, and Gary Yohe. “Risk Management and Climate Change.” University of Southern California, National Center for Risk and Economic Analysis of Terrorism Events (CREATE). Published Articles & Papers, paper 172 (March 24, 2013). http://research.create.usc.edu/published_papers/172Examines why assessment of risk and uncertainty should be part of the writing and selection of climate policies.

Kump, Lee R. “The Last Great Global Warming.” Scientific American, July 2011: 56–61.Describes Earth’s most abrupt global warming event that occurred 56 million years ago as a result of greenhouse gases, and describes how its warming rate pales in comparison with the rate of today’s global temperature rise.

Lackner, Klaus S. “Washing Carbon Out of the Air.” Scientific American, June 2010: 66–71.A discussion of some geoengineering options.

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Lehmann, Johannes. “A Handful of Carbon.” Nature, vol. 447 (May 10, 2007): 143–44.A Cornell University soil scientist discusses the advantages of using biochar in soil to sequester carbon.

Lehmann, J., J. Gaunt, and M. Rondon. “Bio-char Sequestration in Terrestrial Ecosystems: A Review.” Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, vol. 11 (2006): 403–27. A detailed examination of the science of using biochar in soil to sequester carbon.

Lenton, Timothy M., et al. “Tipping Elements in the Earth’s Climate System.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol. 105 (2008): 1786–93.An examination of large-scale components of the Earth system that may pass a tipping point, or critical threshold.

Levermann, Anders. “Climate Economics: Make Supply Chains Climate Smart,” Nature, vol. 506 no. 7486 (February 6, 2014): 27–29. http://www.nature.com/news/climate-economics-make-supply-chains-climate-smart-1.14636 Discussion of ways to adapt networks of trade, transport, and production in response to expected impacts of increasingly extreme weather.

McKibben, Bill. “A New World.” In The Post Carbon Reader: Managing the 21st Century’s Sustainability Crises, eds. Richard Heinberg and Daniel Lerch, 43–52. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 2010.Reprint of a narrative chapter from McKibben’s 2010 book Eaarth: Making a Life on a Tough New Planet.

——. “Global Warming’s Terrifying New Math.” Rolling Stone, August 2, 2012.A presentation of the realities of climate change for a popular audience, using the device of three numbers “that add up to global catastrophe”: the guard rail of 2C, the budget limit of 565 gigatons of carbon dioxide, and the amount of carbon already contained in known fossil fuel reserves, 2795 gigatons.

Meinshausen, M., et al. “Greenhouse-Gas Emission Targets for Limiting Global Warming to 2 Degrees C.” Nature, vol. 458 (April 2009): 1158–62.Analyzes probabilities of particular emissions levels and proposes adopting a cumulative budget for carbon emissions.

Mora, Camilo, et al. “The Projected Timing of Climate Departure from Recent Variability.” Nature, vol. 502 no. 7470 (October 10, 2013): 183–87. doi:10.1038/nature12540A global analysis that projects the years in which the climate of each region will permanently shift to a new climate state beyond historical limits. Under a scenario in which greenhouse gas emissions are stabilized, the mean global tipping point will occur around 2069; under a business-as-usual scenario, it will occur around 2047.

Nicholson, Simon. “The Promises and Perils of Geoengineering.” In State of the World 2013: Is Sustainability Still Possible? Worldwatch Institute, 317–31. Washington, DC: Island Press, 2013.

Olajire, A. “CO2 Capture and Separation Technologies for End-of-Pipe Applications: A Review.” Energy, vol. 35 (2010): 2610–28. doi:10.1016/j.energy.2010.02.030

Orr, David. “The Ecological Deficit: Creating a New Political Framework.” In The Post Carbon Reader: Managing the 21st Century’s Sustainability Crises, eds. Richard Heinberg and Daniel Lerch, 63–73. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 2010.The role of governance and political systems in addressing climate change. Reprint of a chapter from Orr’s 2009 book Down to the Wire: Confronting Climate Collapse.

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Pacala, S. and R. Socolow. “Stabilization Wedges: Solving the Climate Problem for the Next 50 Years with Current Technologies.” Science, vol. 305 no. 5686 (August 13, 2004): 968–72. A conceptual framework for understanding cuts in carbon emissions needed and strategies for doing so. The concept of wedges has become familiar and has since been applied in other disciplines.

Pielke, R., T. Wigley, and C. Green. “Dangerous Assumptions.” Nature, vol. 452 (April 3, 2008). A discussion of IPCC projections.

Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research and Climate Analytics. “Turn Down the Heat: Why a 4°C Warmer World Must Be Avoided.” Washington, DC: World Bank, 2012.

Reed, Christina. “Hot Trails.” Scientific American, vol. 295 (September 2006): 28.Differences in the climate impacts of daytime versus nighttime airplane flights.

Renner, Michael. “Climate Change and Displacements.” In State of the World 2013: Is Sustainability Still Possible? Worldwatch Institute, 343–52. Washington, DC: Island Press, 2013.An examination of how changing climate is likely to result in increasing numbers of displaced populations in various regions of the world.

Rice, J. “Climate, Carbon and Territory: Greenhouse Gas Mitigation in Seattle, Washington.” Annals of the Association of American Geographers, vol. 100 no. 4 (2010): 929–37.

Risky Business Project. Risky Business: The Economic Risks of Climate Change in the United States. June 2014. http://riskybusiness.org/ A report on economic modeling and risk assessment commissioned by a coalition of senior political and economic figures in the U.S., funded primarily by three wealthy financiers. Members of both the committee and the funders span the political spectrum from left to right. Economically significant risks forecasted include damage to property and infrastructure (from rising sea levels and storm surges), agriculture, energy, labor, and health.

Robbins, Jim. “The Rapid and Startling Decline of World’s Vast Boreal Forests.” Yale Environment 360, October 12, 2015.

http://e360.yale.edu/feature/the_rapid_and_startling_decline_of_worlds_vast_boreal_forests/2919/

Roberts, K., et al. “Life Cycle Assessment of Biochar Systems: Estimating the Energetic, Economic, and Climate Change Potential.” Environmental Science & Technology, vol. 44 no. 2 (2010): 827–33.

Rosenthal, Elisabeth. “Paying More for Flights Eases Guilt, Not Emissions.” New York Times, November 17, 2009: A1. Questions about the perceived benefits of carbon offsets for travelers.

Rosenzweig, C., et al. “Attributing Physical and Biological Impacts to Anthropogenic Climate Change.” Nature, vol. 453 (May 15, 2008): 353–57.

Rydin, Y. “Indicators as a Governmentality Technology? The Lessons of Community-Based Sustainability Indicator Projects.” Environment and Planning D, vol. 25 no. 4 (2007): 610–24.

Schellnhuber, J. H., W. Cramer, N. Nakicenovic, T. Wigley, and G. Yohe. “Avoiding Dangerous Climate Change.” Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006. www.defra.gov.uk/environment/climatechange/internet/pdf/avoid-dangercc.pdf

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Schmidt, H., et al., “Solar Irradiance Reduction to Counteract Radiative Forcing from a Quadrupling of CO2: Climate Responses Simulated by Four Earth System Models.” Earth System Dynamics, vol. 3 (2012): 63–78.

Shakhova, N., I. Semiletov, A. Salyuk, V. Yusupov, D. Kosmach, and O. Gustafsson. “Extensive Methane Venting to the Atmosphere from Sediments of the East Siberian Arctic.” Science, vol. 327 no. 5970 (March 5, 2010): 1246–50.

Sherbinin, Alex de, Koko Warner, and Charles Ehrhart. “Casualties of Climate Change.” Scientific American, January 2011: 64–71.Discussion of mass migrations that will result from sea level rise, weather extremes, and drought, with three examples of displacements already occurring in Mozambique, Vietnam, and Central America.

Socolow, Robert H. and Stephen W. Pacala. “A Plan to Keep Carbon in Check.” Scientific American, September 2006: 50–57.A conceptual framework for understanding cuts in carbon emissions needed and strategies for doing so, originally presented in the journal Science. The concept of wedges has become familiar and has since been applied in other disciplines.

Stephens, J. C. and D. W. Keith. “Assessing Geochemical Carbon Management.” Climatic Change, vol. 90 (2008): 217–42. doi: 10.1007/s10584-008-9440-y

Turner, Will R., Michael Oppenheimer, and David S. Wilcove. “A Force to Fight Global Warming.” Nature, vol. 462 no. 19 (November 2009): 278–79.

UN Environment Programme (UNEP). “The Emissions Gap Report 2012.” Nairobi: UNEP, 2012.Annual report on the gap between agreements in international climate accords and scientific reality.

U.S. Geological Survey. “Sea Level Rise.” 2013. http://cegis.usgs.gov/sea_level_rise.html.Animations which simulate inundation at various degrees of sea level rise by illustrating areas of low elevation in a blue color.

U.S. Global Change Research Program (USGCRP). Third National Climate Assessment. 2014. http://globalchange.gov/ Comprehensive peer-reviewed interagency report on climate change and its impacts in the U.S., required every four years by U.S. law.

Wang, T. and J. Watson. “Who Owns China’s Carbon Emissions?” Tyndall Briefing Note no. 23. http://tyndall.webapp1.uea.ac.uk/publications/briefing_notes/bn23.pdf

Weber, C. L. and H. S. Matthews. “Embodied Environmental Emissions in US International Trade, 1997–2004.” Environmental Science & Technology, vol. 41 no. 14 (2007): 4875–81.

Books

Barnosky, Anthony. Heatstroke: Nature in an Age of Global Warming. Washington, DC: Island Press, 2009.

Biermann, F., P. Pattberg, and F. Zelli. Global Climate Governance Beyond 2012. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010.

Blockstein, David E. and Leo Wiegman. The Climate Solutions Consensus: What We Know and What To Do About It. Washington, DC: Island Press, 2010.Consensus statement issued by leading U.S. scientists following a conference of the National Council for Science and the Environment. Provides a clear description of the science of climate change and approaches for mitigation.

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Boswell, Michael R., Adrienne I. Greve, and Tammy L. Seale. Local Climate Action Planning. Washington, DC: Island Press, 2012.A detailed guide to the steps involved in developing climate action plans.

Braasch, Gary. Earth under Fire: How Global Warming is Changing the World. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 2009.A description of the impacts of climate change, documented by high-quality photographs from around the world.

Bruges, James. The Biochar Debate: Charcoal’s Potential to Reverse Climate Change and Build Soil Fertility. White River Junction, VT: Chelsea Green, 2010.An overview of the use of biochar, charcoal made by pyrolysis, for soil fertility and carbon sequestration, including historical background, issues, and benefits.

Bulkeley, H. and P. Newell. Governing Climate Change. London: Routledge, 2010.An introduction to governance and climate change.

DARA International, Climate Vulnerability Monitor: A Guide to the Cold Calculus of a Hot Planet, 2nd ed. Washington, DC: DARA International, 2012. Estimates of human and economic impacts of climate change prepared by DARA, an international nonprofit organization focused on humanitarian aid for vulnerable populations of the world affected by conflict and environmental impacts.

Dessler, A. E. and E. A. Parson. The Science and Politics of Global Climate Change: A Guide to the Debate. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006.

Flannery, Tim. Now or Never: Why We Must Act Now to End Climate Change and Create a Sustainable Future. New York: Atlantic Monthly Press, 2009.A clear discussion of the imminent threat of climate change, with detailed strategies for mitigation.

——. The Weather Makers: How Man is Changing the Climate and What It Means for Life on Earth. New York: Grove Press, 2001.A comprehensive and accessible explanation of climate change by a highly regarded paleontologist and climate scientist.

Goodall, Chris. How to Live a Low-Carbon Life: The Individual’s Guide to Tackling Climate Change, 2nd ed. London: Routledge, 2010.A detailed and quantitative handbook for understanding carbon impacts of choices in heating, energy use, travel, and food. Useful for individuals and for sustainability practitioners.

GRID-Arendal. Kick the Habit: A UN Guide to Climate Neutrality. Nairobi: United Nations Environment Programme, 2008.One of a useful series of electronic publications in the Vital Graphics series designed to communicate scientific findings in an accessible format. Communicates concepts clearly using both language and numerous high-quality graphics.

Hambrey, Michael and Jürg Alean. Glaciers, 2nd ed. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2004.

Hansen, James. Storms of My Grandchildren: The Truth About the Coming Climate Catastrophe and Our Last Chance to Save Humanity. New York: Bloomsbury, 2010.Details about the worsening state of global climate, a call to arms by leading climate scientist James Hansen, former head of the NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies.

Heinberg, Richard and Daniel Lerch, eds. The Post Carbon Reader: Managing the 21st Century’s Sustainability Crises. Healdsburg, CA: Watershed Media, 2010.

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This thoughtful collection of papers by recognized experts is one of the clearest and most comprehensive books on sustainability issues, potential solutions, and interconnectedness. Topics include sustainability concepts, climate, water, biodiversity, food, population, culture, energy, economics, cities, transportation, waste, health, education, and resilience.

Henson, Robert. The Rough Guide to Climate Change, 3rd ed. New York: Rough Guides, 2011.A clearly organized and accessible guide to the science of climate change by a meteorologist at the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR).

Houghton, John. Global Warming: The Complete Briefing, 4th ed. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2009.A thorough and comprehensive textbook on the science of climate change, presented by an atmospheric physicist who was the lead editor of the first three IPCC reports and the co-chair of the scientific assessment working group for the fourth IPCC report.

IPCC. Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, eds. S. Solomon, D. Qin, M. Manning, Z. Chen, M. Marquis, K. B. Averyt, M. Tignor, and H. L. Miller. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2007.

——. Climate Change 2007: Synthesis Report. Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, eds. Core Writing Team, R. K. Pachauri, and A. Reisinger. Geneva: IPCC, 2007.

——. Special Report on Emissions Scenarios (SRES): Summary for Policymakers. A Special Report of Working Group III of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, eds. Nebojša Nakićenović, et al. Geneva: IPCC, 2007.

——. Climate Change 2007: Mitigation. Contribution of Working Group III to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, eds. B. Metz, O. R. Davidson, P. R. Bosch, R. Dave, and L. A. Meyer. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2007.

——. Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Working Group I Contribution to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, eds. Thomas F. Stocker, et al. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2013. 

——. Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, eds. V. R. Barros, et al. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2013. 

——. Climate Change 2014: Mitigation of Climate Change. Contribution of Working Group III to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, eds. O. Edenhofer, et al. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2014. The definitive peer-reviewed reports on the current state of climate change science. Summaries and highly detailed reports are available for download from the IPCC website.

Kintisch, E. Hack the Planet. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley, 2010.Kolbert, Elizabeth. Field Notes from a Catastrophe: Man, Nature, and Climate Change. New

York: Bloomsbury, 2006.A description of climate change by a staff writer at The New Yorker with clear and accessible explanations for a popular lay audience.

Kump, Lee R., James F. Kasting, and Robert G. Crane. The Earth System, 3rd ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 2010.A rigorous science textbook that explores the details of Earth system science from an interdisciplinary, whole-systems perspective, written by acknowledged experts in the field.

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Lehmann, Johannes and Stephen Joseph, eds. Biochar Environmental Management: Science and Technology. London: Routledge, 2009.A comprehensive survey of current research, with technical details about the science and economics of biochar.

Lingl, Paul, Deborah Carlson, and the David Suzuki Foundation. Doing Business in a New Climate: A Guide to Measuring, Reducing and Offsetting Greenhouse Gas Emissions. London: Earthscan, 2010.A detailed and practical guide on how to do climate action planning in a business or other organization.

Mann, Michael E. and Lee R. Kump. Dire Predictions: Understanding Global Warming—The Illustrated Guide to the Findings of the IPCC. New York: DK Publishing, 2008.A colorful and user-friendly guide to climate change for lay readers written by well-known Earth system scientists and amply illustrated with high-quality photographs, maps, and diagrams. Although a modestly sized paperback, the quality of information makes it a good candidate for visible displays or coffee tables.

Newman, Peter, Timothy Beatley, and Heather Boyer. Resilient Cities: Responding to Peak Oil and Climate Change. Washington, DC: Island Press, 2009.Clear and detailed discussion of the role of cities in reducing dependence on fossil fuels, with strategies for urban structure, sustainable transportation systems, and livable cities.

Orr, David W. Down to the Wire: Confronting Climate Collapse. New York: Oxford University Press, 2009. A lucid and unblinking assessment of the realities of the climate destabilization to which we are already committed, by a leading environmental thinker. Lays out what will be needed in terms of governance and cultural transformation. While presenting a sobering articulation of the unavoidable challenges that await humanity in the decades and centuries ahead, yet also argues for the necessity not for optimism but authentic hope, and examines what that means.

Royal Society. Geoengineering the Climate: Science, Governance and Uncertainty. London: Royal Society, 2009.

Stanley, Steven M. Earth System History, 2nd ed. New York: W.H. Freeman, 2004.Stern, Nicholas. The Economics of Climate Change: The Stern Review. Cambridge, UK:

Cambridge University Press, 2007.An influential work by the former chief economist of the World Bank, sometimes referred to as “the Stern report.” Forecasts the economic and social impacts of climate change; analyzes the benefits of early action on climate mitigation and the considerable costs of not acting.

——. The Global Deal: Climate Change and the Creation of a New Era of Progress and Prosperity. New York: PublicAffairs, 2009.

Vogt, K. A., et al., eds. Forests and Society: Sustainability and Life Cycles of Forests in Human Landscapes. Wallingford: CAB International, 2007.

Volk, Tyler. CO2 Rising: The World’s Greatest Environmental Challenge. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2010.

Ward, Peter. Under a Green Sky: Global Warming, the Mass Extinctions of the Past, and What They Can Tell Us about Our Future. New York: Smithsonian Books/Collins, 2007.

Wolfson, Richard. Earth’s Changing Climate. Chantilly, VA: The Teaching Company, 2007.——. Energy, Environment, and Climate. New York: W.W. Norton, 2008.

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A textbook for non-science majors that is both rigorous and clear. The author, a physicist whose research includes astrophysics and climate change, is skilled at making the scientific details of energy and climate change comprehensible.

Worldwatch Institute. State of the World 2009: Into a Warming World. New York: W.W. Norton, 2009.State of the World reports are edited collections published annually by the authoritative Worldwatch Institute. Each edition explores a different sustainability theme with essays by recognized experts in their respective fields.

Websites

350.org. http://www.350.org/Founded by Bill McKibben and dedicated to stabilizing atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations at 350 ppm.

American Association for the Advancement of Science. “What We Know.” http://whatweknow.aaas.org/get-the-facts/An initiative of the nonprofit organization of scientists with the goal of communicating the realities, risks, and response to the climate challenge through outreach to scientists, economists, community leaders, policymakers, and the public. Carbon Trust. http://www.carbontrust.co.uk/A company based in the UK that offers consulting and voluntary carbon footprint verification.

CDP. https://www.cdproject.net/Formerly known as the Carbon Disclosure Project. A nonprofit organization based in the UK which shares self-reported greenhouse-gas emissions data for major corporations.

City of Chicago Climate Action Plan. http://www.chicagoclimateaction.org/City of Seattle Climate Action Plan. http://www.seattle.gov/environment/climate_plan.htmClimateCHECK. http://climate-check.com/

A greenhouse gas management services provider. Main author of the ISO 14064 International Standard.

The Climate Registry. http:// theclimateregistry.org Sets standards and establishes protocols for calculating and reporting greenhouse gas emissions in North America.

Climate Trust. http://www.climatetrust.org/Carbon offset broker. Assesses, coordinates, and facilitates offset projects and programs. Provides education, consulting, and advocacy.

ClimatePrediction.net. http://www.climateprediction.net/A cooperative citizen science project led by a team at Oxford University and joined by universities from around the world. Computer models help identify what is likely to happen as the Earth warms. Running climate models requires massive computing power, and signing up allows your computer to run a climate model in background mode at times when it is turned on but not being used at full capacity. You can watch the weather patterns on your model’s version of the world evolve.

Earth Exploration Toolbook. http://serc.carleton.edu/eet/index.htmlA peer-reviewed collection of online science Earth system science activities for teaching with data, including data sets, analysis tools, and case studies, written for high school and college educators.

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European Union Emissions Trading Scheme. http://ec.europa.eu/clima/policies/ets/index_en.htmThe system for trading greenhouse gas emission allowances in the 28 countries of the European Union plus the three EEA-EFTA states of Iceland, Liechtenstein, and Norway.

Global Carbon Project. http://www.globalcarbonproject.org/Research, reports, and advocacy to support the international scientific community through a partnership known as the Earth Systems Science Partnership. Global Carbon Project provides links to current Internet resources relating to climate change at http://www.globalcarbonproject.org/products/internetResources.htm

Global Reporting Initiative. http://www.globalreporting.org/ Detailed sustainability reporting framework, the international standard for sustainability reporting.

Gold Standard for carbon offsets. http://www.cdmgoldstandard.org/An international certification scheme to ensure that carbon offset projects meet certain quality standards.

Greenhouse Gas Protocol for reporting GHG emissions. http://www.ghgprotocol.org/The internationally recognized, standardized method for reporting and verifying greenhouse gas inventory data, reporting, and monitoring greenhouse gas emission reductions, and validating and verifying inventory and reduction data. Provides calculation tools and reporting protocols.

Hadley Centre for Climate Change. http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/Climate science research center, a division of the British Meteorological Office.

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). http://www.ipcc.ch/Intergovernmental body under the auspices of the United Nations consisting of hundreds of scientists who work as peer reviewers of existing climate research from thousands of other scientists. The Panel issues very detailed assessment reports approximately every six years.

National Climatic Data Center. http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/oa/ncdc.htmlLarge archive of climate data from the U.S. National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service (NESDIS) from NOAA.

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). State of the Climate.http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/sotc/Monthly summaries of climate-related occurrences, analyses, and data placed into historical perspective, from NOAA’s National Climate Data Center.

Pew Center on Global Climate Change. http://www.pewclimate.org/Skeptical Science. http://www.skepticalscience.com/

Information resource that examines the arguments of climate skepticism, analyzes common skeptical arguments and misinformation, and explains what peer-reviewed scientific research says about climate change. An illustrated paper, “The Scientific Guide to Global Warming Skepticism,” can be downloaded at http://www.skepticalscience.com/docs/Guide_to_Skepticism.pdf.

United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). Kick the Habit: A UN Guide to Climate Neutrality. 2008. http://www.unep.org/publications/ebooks/kick-the-habit/Pdfs.aspxOne of a useful series of electronic publications in the Vital Graphics series produced by the UN’s GRID/Arendal center and designed to communicate scientific findings in an accessible format. Communicates concepts clearly using both language and numerous high-quality graphics.

United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. http://unfccc.int/2860.php

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Includes the Kyoto Protocol.University of Michigan Center for Sustainable Systems: Fact Sheet: Carbon Footprints, 2012.

http://css.snre.umich.edu/factsOne of a series of two-page factsheets on a range of sustainability topics, produced and updated regularly by the University of Michigan.

University of Michigan Center for Sustainable Systems: Fact Sheet: Greenhouse Gases, 2012. http://css.snre.umich.edu/factsOne of a series of two-page factsheets on a range of sustainability topics, produced and updated regularly by the University of Michigan.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA): Green Purchasing Guides. http://www.epa.gov/epp/pubs/greenguides.htmLinks to green purchasing guides through the EPA’s Environmentally Preferable Purchasing program.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA): Greenhouse Gas Emissions. http://www.epa.gov/climatechange/emissions/index.html

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA): Greenhouse Gas Equivalencies Calculator. http://www.epa.gov/cleanenergy/energy-resources/calculator.htmlCalculator that converts miles traveled or electricity consumed into greenhouse gas emissions and into familiar units: driving a particular number of cars, using a particular amount of gasoline or barrels of oil, using a particular number of tanker trucks’ worth of gasoline, providing energy to a particular number of homes, and growing trees across a particular number of acres for a year. Also converts various greenhouse gases to CO2e equivalencies.

U.S. Global Change Research Program (USGCRP). National Climate Assessment.http://globalchange.gov/ Conducts research and disseminates information on interacting global processes. The National Climate Assessment is a comprehensive report of peer-reviewed science on climate change and its impacts in the U.S.

World Glacier Monitoring Service. http://www.geo.unizh.ch/wgms/World Resources Institute. CAIT 2.0. http://cait2.wri.org/wri

Climate Analysis Indicators Tool. Greenhouse gas emissions data sets and other indicators related to climate, searchable by country.

World Resources Institute: Climate. http://www.wri.org/our-work/topics/climate Climate facts, data, and information about global research. Includes a link to CAIT 2.0, WRI’s climate data explorer.

World Resources Institute: “Working 9 to 5 on Climate Change: An Office Guide.” 2002. http://www.wri.org/publication/working-9-5-climate-change-office-guide

World Wildlife Fund Climate Savers. http://www.worldwildlife.org/climate/climatesavers2.htmlPartnering with corporations to cut greenhouse gas emissions.

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6. Water

Articles, Chapters, and Papers

Barnett, Cynthia. “Wet Dreams: A New Water Ethic is Not Only Essential—It’s Possible.” Utne Reader, March/April 2012: 50–57.

Bourne, Joel K. “California’s Pipe Dream.” National Geographic, vol. 217 no. 4 (April 2010): 132–53.

Campbell, Robert Wellman, ed. 2001. “Aral Sea, Central Asia: 1964, 1973, 1987, 1999.” Earthshots: Satellite Images of Environmental Change. U.S. Geological Survey, February 14, 1997, revised August 14, 2000 and August 14, 2001. http://earthshots.usgs.gov

“Constructed Wetlands for Wastewater.” Environmental Building News. BackPage Primer, August 1, 2009.

DePalma, Anthony. “City’s Catskill Water Gets 10-Year Approval.” New York Times, April 13, 2007.

Echavarria, Marta. “Protecting Watersheds to Build Urban Resilience.” In State of the World 2009: Into a Warming World, Worldwatch Institute, 162. New York: W.W. Norton, 2009.

Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). “Coping with Water Scarcity: An Action Framework for Agriculture and Food Security.” Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2013.

Grossman, David. “Breaking the Bottled Water Habit.” USA Today, September 22, 2008.Hardin, Garrett. “The Tragedy of the Commons.” Science, vol. 162 no. 3859 (December 13,

1968): 1243–48. doi: 10.1126/science.162.3859.1243The influential article that described how the accumulated result of decisions by multiple self-interested individuals to maximize their own personal interests leads to the degradation of a public resource.

Heintz, Jim. “Aral Sea Almost Dried Up: UN Chief Calls It ‘Shocking Disaster.’” Huffington Post, June 4, 2010.

Hoekstra, Arjen Y. and Mesfin M. Mekonnen. “The Water Footprint of Humanity.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol. 109 no. 9 (February 2012): 3232–37.Report on a study from the University of Twente, the Netherlands, that maps and quantifies humanity’s water footprint at a high spatial resolution, with discussion of consumption by sector and geographic location.

Lyons, Cara, Robert Traver, and Bridget Wadzuk. “Applying Stormwater Control Measures in Series: The Villanova University Treatment Train.” Stormwater, November/December 2012.

An article about the Villanova Urban Stormwater Partnership, part of the College of Engineering at Villanova University in Pennsylvania.

Palaniappan, M. and P. H. Gleick. “Peak Water.” In The World’s Water: The Biennial Report on Freshwater Resources: 2008–2009, eds. P. Gleick, H. Cooley, M. J. Cohen, M. Morikawa, J. Morrison, and M. Palaniappan. Washington, DC: Island Press, 2009.Part of an authoritative and detailed analysis of significant trends and data on water resources, published every two years.

Postel, Sandra. “Water: Adapting to a New Normal.” In The Post Carbon Reader: Managing the 21st Century’s Sustainability Crises, eds. Richard Heinberg and Daniel Lerch, 77–94. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 2010.A survey of modern water scarcity issues by a leading expert on international water issues.

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——. “Sustaining Freshwater and Its Dependents.” In State of the World 2013: Is Sustainability Still Possible? Worldwatch Institute, 51–62. Washington, DC: Island Press, 2013.An examination of the possibilities and strategies for achieving a sustainable balance with freshwater in diverse regions of the world.

Postel, Sandra, Todd Reeve, and Christian McGuigan. “Change the Course: A New Model of Freshwater Conservation and Restoration.” Solutions, vol. 5 no. 4 (July/August 2014): 28–34.Description of the Change the Course initiative to restore the Colorado River using a combination of education, storytelling, water restoration tools, and public engagement. Partners are National Geographic, Bonneville Environmental Foundation, and Participant Media.

Rafter, Dan. “Less Energy, More Conservation: Realizing the Many Benefits of CHP for Water and Wastewater Utilities.” Water Efficiency, January/February 2013, 38–43.

Spromberg, Julann, et al. “Coho Salmon Spawner Mortality in Western U.S. Urban Watersheds: Bioinfiltration Prevents Lethal Stormwater Impacts.” Journal of Applied Ecology, vol. 52 no. 5 (October 2015). doi: 10.1111/1365-2664.12534Report of a study showing that stormwater runoff from urban roadways is highly toxic to coho salmon, killing all adults within a day, while no fish exposed to filtered stormwater were affected.

UNICEF and World Health Organization. “Progress on Drinking Water and Sanitation: 2012 Update.” New York: United Nations, 2012.

White, I. and J. Howe. “Planning and the European Union Water Framework Directive.” Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, vol. 46 (2003): 62–131.

Books

Balmori, Diana and Benoit, Gaboury. Land and Natural Development (LAND) Code: Guidelines for Sustainable Land Development. New York: John Wiley, 2007.A method for sustainable site development by a landscape architect and an environmental engineer. The book suggests a system of points similar to LEED and the Sustainable Sites Initiative; readers can choose to study the content without using the point system.

Banks, Suzy and Heinichen, Richard. Rainwater Collection for the Mechanically Challenged. Dripping Springs, TX: Tank Town Publishing, 2004.A handbook that explains all of the technical details of designing and installing a rainwater harvesting system for people with little or no technical background.

Bay Area Stormwater Management Agencies Association (BASMAA). Start at the Source: Design Guidance Manual for Stormwater Quality Protection. New York: Forbes, 1999.A thorough guide to best management practices for stormwater infiltration and treatment, with clear explanatory illustrations. The entire manual can be downloaded.

Black, Maggie and Jannet King. The Atlas of Water: Mapping the World’s Most Critical Resource, 2nd ed. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 2009.A succinct overview of the world’s freshwater sources, issues, and management strategies, with color diagrams, maps, and data tables that clarify the concepts.

Briscoe, John and R. P. S. Malik. India’s Water Economy: Bracing for a Turbulent Future. New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2006.

Brown, Lester R. Plan B 4.0: Mobilizing to Save Civilization. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, 2009.

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Written by the prolific and influential Lester Brown, founder and president of the Earth Policy Institute, founder and former president of the Worldwatch Institute, this is a comprehensive and thoroughly researched analysis of the environmental, social, and economic challenges facing the planet together with a plan for how to address them, which Brown tells us must be done “with wartime speed.”

Cahill, Thomas H. Low Impact Development and Sustainable Stormwater Management. New York: John Wiley, 2012.

Campbell, Craig S. and Michael Ogden. Constructed Wetlands in the Sustainable Landscape. New York: John Wiley, 1999.A handbook for designers and planners, with explanations of wetland processes, types of wetland systems, technical details for planning and designing, and aesthetic considerations.

Comprehensive Assessment of Water Management in Agriculture (CA). Water for Food, Water for Life: A Comprehensive Assessment of Water Management in Agriculture. London: Earthscan and Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute, 2007.

Cunningham, William P. and Mary Ann Cunningham. Environmental Science: A Global Concern, 11th ed. New York: McGraw Hill, 2010.A comprehensive and engaging survey of environmental science, with lots of color diagrams, graphs, and photographs.

Dunnett, Nigel and Andy Clayden. Rain Gardens: Managing Water Sustainably in the Garden and Designed Landscape. London: Timber Press, 2007.Explanation of the concept of rain gardens and their benefits, with detailed examples of a range of types, for designers, planners, and interested nonprofessionals.

Ferguson, Bruce K. Introduction to Stormwater: Concept, Purpose, Design. New York: John Wiley, 1998.Technical yet at times lyrical handbook for designers; still the standard manual on stormwater principles and design.

Fishman, Charles. The Big Thirst: The Secret Life and Turbulent Future of Water. New York: Free Press, 2012.An illustration of how a narrative approach can bring a subject to life for nonspecialists.

France, Robert L. Wetland Design: Principles and Practices for Landscape Architects and Land-Use Planners. New York: W.W. Norton, 2002.A small technical manual on wetlands and watershed planning for designers, planners, and ecologists.

Gleick, Peter. The World’s Water: The Biennial Report on Freshwater Resources: 2004–2005. Washington, DC: Island Press, 2004.An authoritative and detailed analysis of significant trends and data on water resources, published every two years.

——. Bottled and Sold: The Story Behind Our Obsession with Bottled Water. Washington, DC: Island Press, 2011.

——. The World’s Water 2011–2012: The Biennial Report on Freshwater Resources. Washington, DC: Island Press, 2012. An authoritative and detailed analysis of significant trends and data on water resources, published every two years.

Green, Deborah. Water Conservation for Small- and Medium-Sized Utilities. Denver, CO: American Water Works Association, 2010.A technical manual for engineers and water conservation technicians.

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Heinberg, Richard and Daniel Lerch, eds. The Post Carbon Reader: Managing the 21st Century’s Sustainability Crises. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 2010.This thoughtful collection of papers by recognized experts is one of the clearest and most comprehensive books on sustainability issues, potential solutions, and interconnectedness. Topics include sustainability concepts, climate, water, biodiversity, food, population, culture, energy, economics, cities, transportation, waste, health, education, and resilience.

Hoekstra, Arjen Y. The Water Footprint of Modern Consumer Society. London: Routledge, 2013.Authoritative and thorough discussion of water consumption issues, by the creator of the water footprint concept.

Hoekstra, Arjen Y. and Ashok K. Chapagain. Globalization of Water: Sharing the Planet’s Freshwater Resources. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing, 2008.

Hoekstra, Arjen Y., Ashok K. Chapagain, Maite M. Aldaya, and Mesfin M. Mekonnen. The Water Footprint Assessment Manual: Setting the Global Standard. London: Earthscan, 2011. Authoritative and comprehensive overview of the concept of virtual water and how water footprints are calculated at an individual, organizational, and national scale, with strategies for reducing water footprint.

Kats, Greg. Greening Our Built World: Costs, Benefits, and Strategies. Washington, DC: Island Press, 2010.Report on the economic benefits of green buildings, based on a large-scale study of financial analyses, with quantitative answers to the question, “Are green buildings more expensive than conventional?” Written by the chair of the LEED advisory group on Energy and Atmosphere, a former finance director for the U.S. Department of Energy.

Kinkade-Levario, Heather. Forgotten Rain: Rediscovering Rainwater Harvesting. Phoenix, AZ: Granite Canyon, 2004.Concepts and technical details for designing and installing rainwater harvesting systems.

——. Design for Water. Gabriola Island, BC: New Society Publishers, 2007. Concepts and technical details for designing and installing rainwater harvesting systems, with numerous case studies.

Kostigen, Thomas M. The Green Blue Book. New York: Rodale Press, 2010.Kwok, Alison G. and Walter T. Grondzik. The Green Studio Handbook: Environmental

Strategies for Schematic Design. Oxford, UK: Architectural Press, 2007.A user-friendly and methodical handbook that introduces the concepts of green building design, with diagrams and some technical details, for design students and architects.

Lohan, Tara, ed. Water Consciousness. San Francisco, CA: AlterNet Books, 2008.Mendler, Sandra, William Odell, and Mary Ann Lazarus. The HOK Guidebook to Sustainable

Design, 2nd ed. New York: John Wiley, 2006.Handbook on integrated design of green buildings for architects, with checklists and case studies.

Miller, G. Tyler, Jr., and Scott E. Spoolman. Living in the Environment: Concepts, Connections, and Solutions, 16th ed. Belmont, CA: Brooks/Cole, 2009.

Molden, David, ed. Water for Food, Water for Life: A Comprehensive Assessment of Water Management in Agriculture. London: Earthscan, 2007.

Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRDC). Stream Corridor Restoration: Principles, Processes, and Practices. Washington, DC: Natural Resources Conservation Service, 1998.

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A thorough handbook for using ecological processes to restore self-sustaining streams, for ecologists and planners. Thorough explanations of concepts, restoration techniques, working with groups, choosing alternatives, monitoring and adaptive management, clearly illustrated by color diagrams and photographs. Updated in 2010. Available for download.

Pearce, Fred. When the Rivers Run Dry. Boston, MA: Beacon Press, 2006.A survey of the state of water resources in 30 countries.

Postel, Sandra and Brian Richter. Rivers for Life: Managing Water for People and Nature. Washington, DC: Island Press, 2003.A somewhat technical guide to using natural flow patterns and the normal variability of streams to promote healthy, self-sustaining rivers. Includes information about policy and governance.

Sandford, Robert William. Restoring the Flow: Confronting the World’s Water Woes. Surrey, BC: Rocky Mountain Books, 2009.

Theis, Tom and Jonathan Tomkin, eds. Sustainability: A Comprehensive Foundation. Houston, TX: Connexions, Rice University, 2012.

An introductory overview of a range of topics in the field, available for download. Thompson, J. William and Kim Sorvig. Sustainable Landscape Construction, 2nd ed.

Washington, DC: Island Press, 2008.A guide to landscape design, installation, and maintenance based on principles of sustainable sites, written by landscape architects.

Todd, Nancy Jack and John Todd. From Eco-Cities to Living Machines: Principles of Ecological Design. Berkeley, CA: North Atlantic Books, 1994.An introduction to the concepts and processes of Living Machines, a system of wastewater treatment developed by the authors.

United Nations. Water in a Changing World: United Nations World Water Development Report. 3rd ed. Paris: UNESCO, 2009.

University of Arkansas Community Design Center. Low Impact Development: A Design Manual for Urban Areas. Fayetteville, AR: University of Arkansas Press, 2011.A small and useful book, full of color diagrams that clearly explain the principles of stormwater management and low impact development.

Venhaus, Heather. Designing the Sustainable Site. New York: John Wiley, 2012.Principles of ecology and sustainable site design applied to the small and residential scale, where much of the green fabric of urban areas occurs, by a leader of the Sustainable Sites Initiative.

Vickers, Amy. Handbook of Water Use and Conservation. Amherst, MA: WaterPlow Press, 2001.A detailed handbook for water conservation technicians.

Wilson, Edward O. The Future of Life. London: Abacus, 2002.An eloquent assessment of the decline of biodiversity as the ongoing mass extinction progresses, with principles and a plan for saving the diversity that is left, by a renowned biologist.

Withgott, Jay and Scott Brennan. Essential Environment: The Science behind the Stories, 3rd ed. San Francisco, CA: Pearson Benjamin Cummings, 2009.A comprehensive and engaging overview of environmental science, illustrated by case studies.

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Websites

Alliance for Water Efficiency. http://www.allianceforwaterefficiency.org/A grant-funded consortium of agencies and organizations that advocates for water conservation strategies and water-efficient products.

American Waterworks Association. http://www.awwa.org/The organization for water conservation professionals.

Aral Sea Foundation. http://www.aralsea.org/Bay Area Stormwater Management Agencies Association. Start at the Source: Design Guidance

Manual for Stormwater Quality Protection. 1999. http://www.sanjoseca.gov/planning/stormwater/startatsource.pdf A thorough guide to best management practices for stormwater infiltration and treatment, with clear explanatory illustrations.

Center for Watershed Protection. http://www.cwp.orgA nonprofit organization that provides research; training; direct assistance to state and local governments, watershed organizations, and environmental consultants; and an online library of assessment tools, reports, stormwater manuals and other resources related to watershed protection.

City of Portland: 2014 Stormwater Management Manual. http://www.portlandoregon.gov/bes/64040

Downloadable manual and extensive appendices dealing with basic principles, policy, design, operations and maintenance, and pollution source controls. Useful reference manual from a city known for its expertise in stormwater management practices.

City of Portland: Sustainable Stormwater. http://www.portlandonline.com/sustainablestormwater Georgia Stormwater Management Manual. http://www.georgiastormwater.com/

A three-volume set of manuals. Can be downloaded, or purchased in hardbound format. Volume 1 deals with basic principles and policy, volume 2 with site design, and volume 3 with pollution prevention.

Harvest H2O. http://www.harvesth2o.com/Resources dealing with rainwater harvesting.

International Water Management Institute. http://www.iwmi.cgiar.org/A consortium of governments, private foundations, international organizations, and researchers.

Low Impact Development Center. www.lowimpactdevelopment.org Nonprofit organization. Offers training, consulting, and publications including fact sheets, manuals, and rain garden design templates. Somewhat inactive in recent years.

NASA Earth Observatory: World of Change: The Shrinking Aral Sea. http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Features/WorldOfChange/aral_sea.php.

National Geographic. Water Footprint Calculator.http://environment.nationalgeographic.com/environment/freshwater/change-the-course/water-footprint-calculator/Informational website includes information about how to calculate a water footprint, tips for saving water, stories, infographics, and a water calculator. Part of the Change the Course initiative to restore the Colorado River. Partners are National Geographic, Bonneville Environmental Foundation, and Participant Media.

North American Drought Monitor (NADM). NOAA/National Weather Service. Climate Prediction Center. http://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/Drought/

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Pacific Institute: The World’s Water. http://www.worldwater.org/Online access to selected chapters of The World’s Water, an authoritative and detailed analysis of significant trends and data on water resources, published every two years.

Texas Water Development Board. Texas Manual on Rainwater Harvesting, 3rd ed. http://www.twdb.state.tx.us/publications/brochures/conservation/doc/RainwaterHarvestingManual_3rdedition.pdfA useful primer on the details of rainwater harvesting at the residential and small commercial scale. Includes description of components, calculations for sizing, installation, and cost.

UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO): Aquastat Database. http://www.fao.org/NR/WATER/AQUASTAT/main/index.stm Comprehensive, current information about water resources, water uses, dams, and agricultural water management. Includes maps, tables, spatial data, fact sheets, and other data, searchable by country.

United Nations Environment Programme/GRID-Arendal: Vital Climate Change Graphics Update. http://www.grida.no/publications/vg/climate2One of a useful series of electronic publications in the Vital Graphics series designed to communicate scientific findings in an accessible format. Communicates concepts clearly using both language and numerous high-quality graphics.

United Nations Millennium Development Goals. http://www.un.org/millenniumgoals A project of the United Nations Development Programme. An agreement signed by the member nations in 2000 to cut all forms of extreme poverty by half within 15 years, using a set of eight goals.

U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Efficiency, and Renewable Energy: Federal Energy Management Program, Water Efficiency. http://energy.gov/eere/femp/water-efficiencyProvides information about water efficiency and conservation, laws, analysis, best management practices, case studies, and links to other resources.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA): WaterSense. http://www.epa.gov/watersense/Good source of water efficiency information for residential consumers.

U.S. Geological Survey: USGS Water Science School. http://water.usgs.gov/edu/Provides a broad range of information, maps, diagrams, data, and photographs about water, the water cycle, surface and groundwater, water quality, and water use. Some material aimed at K–12 students, but a rich resource for adults as well.

U.S. Geological Survey: Water Resources of the United States. http://water.usgs.gov/ Detailed and comprehensive data, maps, and reports on water resources, groundwater, floods, droughts, streamflow, and water quality for the U.S.

Water Education Foundation. http://www.watereducation.org/Nonprofit organization offering information and educational programs, with a focus on California and the U.S. Southwest.

Water Footprint Network. http://www.waterfootprint.org/Online community dedicated to research, education, and training about water issues, headquartered in the Netherlands and co-founded by Arjen Hoekstra, creator of the water footprint concept. The website includes water footprint statistics for individual crops and products and water footprint calculators, both quick and in-depth versions, for individuals, corporations, nations, and the world.

Water Wiser Water Efficiency Clearinghouse. http://www.waterwiser.org/

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Comprehensive information on water conservation, efficiency, and demand management for consumers, utilities, and conservation professionals. Maintained by the American Water Works Association (AWWA).

World Bank. Kazakhstan: First Phase of the Syr Darya Control and Northern Aral Sea Project. Washington, DC: World Bank, 2011. http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2011/06/15404043/kazakhstan-first-phase-syr-darya-control-northern-aral-sea-project

World Resources Institute: Maps & Data. http://www.wri.org/resourcesA database of maps, charts, data sets, infographics, and other visual resources based on World Resources Institute’s data and research.

World Resources Institute: Water. http://www.wri.org/our-work/topics/waterWater facts, maps, data, and information about global research.

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7. Ecosystems and Habitat

Articles, Chapters, and Papers

Assadourian, Erik. “Environmental Impact of Pets.” In State of the World 2012: Moving Toward Sustainable Prosperity, Worldwatch Institute, 124. Washington, DC: Island Press, 2012.Evaluation of a significant source of environmental impact from humans: their pets; by a senior fellow of the Worldwatch Institute.

Barnofsky, Anthony D., et al. “Approaching a State Shift in Earth’s Biosphere,” Nature, June 7, 2012, 52–58.

Berkes, F. “Rethinking Community Based Conservation.” Conservation Biology, vol. 18 (2004): 621–30.

Chapin, F. S., III, et al. “Building Resilience and Adaptation to Manage Arctic Change.” Ambio, vol. 35 no. 4 (June 2006): 198–202.

Chapin, F. S., III, et al. “Ecosystem Stewardship: Sustainability Strategies for a Rapidly Changing Planet.” Trends in Ecology and Evolution, November 24, 2009: 241–49.Recognizes social-ecological interdependencies of human activities and ecosystem services. Advocates a shift from resource management aimed at maximum or optimum sustainable yield to ecosystem stewardship, whose goal is the capacity to sustain ecosystem services by reducing vulnerability, fostering resilience, and transformation of trajectories. The authors are leading scholars in the field of ecological resilience.

Costanza, Robert, et al. “The Value of the World’s Ecosystem Services and Natural Capital.” Nature, vol. 387 (1997): 253–60.Estimates the current economic value of 17 ecosystem services based on both published research and original calculations.

Costanza, Robert, et al. “Principles for Sustainable Governance of the Oceans.” Science, July 10, 1998: 198–99.Proposes core principles based on adaptive management to guide governance and use of marine and other resources in the face of overfishing, pollution, and climate change.

Council on Environmental Quality. “Interim Framework for Effective Coastal and Marine Spatial Planning.” Washington, DC: White House, 2009.

Crutzen, Paul J. “Geology of Mankind.” Nature, vol. 415 (January 2002): 23. The short article in which Nobel Laureate Paul Crutzen proposed the Anthropocene as a new geological epoch.

Crutzen, Paul J. and W. Steffen. “How Long Have We Been in the Anthropocene Era?” Climate Change, vol. 61 no. 3 (2003): 251–57. Explanation of how human impact has led to a new geological epoch, the Anthropocene, by the two leading scholars on the subject.

Daily, Gretchen, et al. “Ecosystem Services: Benefits Supplied to Human Societies by Natural Ecosystems.” Issues in Ecology, vol. 2 (Spring 1997): 1–18.

Daniel, Terry C., et al. “Contributions of Cultural Services to the Ecosystem Services Agenda.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol. 109 no. 23 (June 5, 2012): 8812–19.

Deneven, W. “The Pristine Myth: The Landscape of the Americas in 1492.” Annals of the Association of American Geographers, vol. 82 (1992): 369–85.

Donlan, C. Josh. “Restoring America’s Big, Wild Animals.” Scientific American, June 2007: 70–77.

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Dornelas, Maria, et al. “Assemblage Time Series Reveal Biodiversity Change but Not Systematic Loss.” Science, vol. 344 no. 6181 (April 18, 2014): 296–99.Research which shows numbers of species in many regions remaining stable yet species composition changing drastically, with novel assemblages of biological communities taking hold rapidly around the globe.

Flora, Gloria. “Remapping Relationships: Humans in Nature.” In The Post Carbon Reader: Managing the 21st Century’s Sustainability Crises, eds. Richard Heinberg and Daniel Lerch, 184–93. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 2010.Repairing the modern disconnect between humans and their environments and rethinking human relationships with landscapes.

Galaz, Victor, et al. “Institutional and Political Leadership Dimensions of Cascading Ecological Crises.” Public Administration, June 2011: 360–80.

Gaskill, Melissa. “Rise in Roadkill Requires New Solutions.” Scientific American, May 16, 2013.Wildlife crossings and other strategies to reduce the danger roads pose to wildlife.

Gill, Jacquelyn L., John W. Williams, Stephen T. Jackson, Katherine B. Lininger, and Guy S. Robinson. “Pleistocene Megafaunal Collapse, Novel Plant Communities, and Enhanced Fire Regimes in North America.” Science, vol. 326 no. 5956 (November 20, 2009): 1100–03.

Hey, Donald L. and Nancy S. Philippi. “Flood Reduction through Wetland Restoration: The Upper Mississippi River Basin as a Case History.” Restoration Ecology, March 1995: 4–17.Proposes restoration of wetlands to store flood waters, reversing the massive draining of wetlands and building of flood-control levees that exacerbated damage from floods.

Hobbs, Richard, Eric Higgs, and James Harris. “Novel Ecosystems: Implications for Conservation and Restoration.” Trends in Ecology and Evolution, vol. 24 no. 11 (November 2009): 599–605.

Holling, C. S. “Understanding the Complexity of Economic, Social and Ecological Systems.” Ecosystems, vol. 4 (August 2001): 390–405.

——. “From Complex Regions to Complex Worlds.” Ecology and Society, vol. 9 (2004): 11.Articles about resilience theory, from one of its leading scholars.

International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). “Species Extinction: The Facts.” Gland: IUCN, 2007.Fact sheet about the process of extinction, the factors, the species which are most at risk, and strategies for stopping extinction, with information about the Red List and the IUCN. http://cmsdata.iucn.org/downloads/species_extinction_05_2007.pdf.

Jackson, Stephen T. “Vegetation, Environment, and Time: The Origination and Termination of Ecosystems.” Journal of Vegetation Science 17 (2006): 549–57. A discussion of how ecosystems change constantly over time. Relates to the idea that there is no single correct climax community for an ecosystem, and no single correct historical baseline to which an ecosystem should be restored.

Jenkins, Matt. “The Coral Nursery.” Nature Conservancy, Autumn 2010: 31–41.Report on efforts to revive dying coral reefs by transplanting corals cultivated in underwater nurseries.

McPhee, John. “Atchafalaya.” In The Control of Nature. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1989.Classic essay on the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers’ failed attempt to control the Mississippi River through mechanical means. Reprinted from a 1987 issue of The New Yorker.

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Mazur, Laurie. “Resilience Lost: The Coastal Mangroves of Vietnam.” In State of the World 2013: Is Sustainability Still Possible? Worldwatch Institute, 357. Washington, DC: Island Press, 2013.

Mills, Stephanie. “Peak Nature?” In The Post Carbon Reader: Managing the 21st Century’s Sustainability Crises, eds. Richard Heinberg and Daniel Lerch, 97–115. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 2010.A rich examination of biodiversity, extinction, interconnectedness, the Earth system, and the rights of nature.

Myers, Norman, Russell A. Mittermeier, Cristina G. Mittermeier, Gustavo A. B. da Fonseca, and Jennifer Kent. “Biodiversity Hotspots for Conservation Priorities.” Nature, vol. 403, (February 2000): 853–58.Seminal article on the biodiversity hotspot approach to prioritizing how to spend scarce conservation resources.

Nassauer, Joan I. “Messy Ecosystems, Orderly Frames.” Landscape Journal, vol. 14 (1995): 161–70.Environmental perception research which seemed to demonstrate that humans view nature through a cultural lens which makes them likely to value places with signs of human care and to ignore or modify places without such signs.

Normader, Bo. “Biodiversity: Combating the Sixth Mass Extinction.” In State of the World 2012: Moving Toward Sustainable Prosperity, Worldwatch Institute, 169–76. Washington, DC: Island Press, 2012.

Orr, David W. “Walking North on a Southbound Train.” Conservation Biology, vol. 17 (2003): 348–51. doi: 10.1046/j.1523-1739.2003.01722.xDiscussion of how social, political, and economic conditions keep us moving in the wrong direction; our efforts to make changes are too small and too disconnected, while the issues we face are systemic and must be solved at a systems scale.

Pauly, Daniel. “Major Trends in Small-Scale Marine Fisheries, with Emphasis on Developing Countries, and Some Implications for the Social Sciences.” Maritime Studies, vol. 4 no. 2 (2006): 7–22.

Pimm, S. L. and C. Jenkins. “Sustaining the Variety of Life.” Scientific American, vol. 293 no. 3 (September 2005): 66–73. Using the concept of biodiversity hotspots to prioritize efforts.

Sohns, Antonia and Larry Crowder. “Sustainable Fisheries and Seas: Preventing Ecological Collapse.” In State of the World 2013: Is Sustainability Still Possible? Worldwatch Institute, 63–72. Washington, DC: Island Press, 2013.An examination of the crises of acidification, ocean warming, loss of sea ice, changing marine ecology, depleted fisheries, and pollution in the world’s oceans, with policy proposals for mitigating these challenges.

Steffen, Will, P. J. Crutzen, and J. R. McNeill. “The Anthropocene: Are Humans Now Overwhelming the Great Forces of Nature?” Ambio, vol. 36 no. 8 (2007): 614–21.Description of the details of the new geological epoch, the Anthropocene, by the recognized authorities on the subject.

Steffen, Will, et al. “The Anthropocene: From Global Change to Planetary Stewardship.” Ambio, vol. 40 (2011): 739–61.Discussion of the advent of the Anthropocene epoch and the need to fundamentally alter humanity’s relationship with the biosphere.

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Turner, Monica. “Disturbance and Landscape Dynamics in a Changing World.” Ecology, vol. 91 no. 10 (2010): 2833–49. A discussion of how disturbance regimes are changing rapidly, and with them the patterns of ecosystems. These novel trajectories of change are predicted to result in novel ecosystem communities. Examples include ecosystems of Yellowstone National Park.

Zalasiewicz, Jan, Mark Williams, Will Steffen, and Paul Crutzen. “The New World of the Anthropocene.” Environmental Science & Technology, vol. 44 no. 7 (2010): 2228–31.Discussion of the scale of human modification of the Earth system, comparison of the Anthropocene and earlier geological epochs, and the implications of formally adopting the Anthropocene as a geological epoch.

Zimmer, Carl. “Ecosystems on the Brink.” Scientific American, October 2012: 60–65.Discussion of how a complex system such as a food web can irretrievably flip to a different state, and how models may predict an approaching state change, allowing ecologists to alter the system before it flips and pull it back from the brink.

Zimov, Sergei. “Pleistocene Park: Return of the Mammoth’s Ecosystem.” Science, vol. 308 (May 6, 2005): 796–98.

Zimov, Sergei. “Mammoth Steppes and Future Climate.” Science in Russia, 2007 (n.d.), 105–12.Examination of the research, ecology, and climate science which underlie Pleistocene Park in Siberia.

Books

Andel, Jelte van and James Aronson, eds. Restoration Ecology: The New Frontier, 2nd ed. Chichester, UK: Wiley-Blackwell, 2012. A discussion of research being done to promote greater understanding of novel ecosystems and the dynamic nature of ecosystems, which are all the more dynamic in an era of changing climate.

Apfelbaum, Steven I. and Alan W. Haney. Restoring Ecological Health to Your Land. Washington, DC: Island Press, 2010.A practical ecological restoration handbook for nonscientists.

Beatley, Timothy. Biophilic Cities: Integrating Nature into Urban Planning and Design. Washington, DC: Island Press, 2010.A guide to integrating living systems into the fabric of a city, addressing the innate human need for connection to the natural world. Offers theory together with practical design and planning tools.

Berkes, F., J. Colding, and C. Folke, eds. Navigating Social-Ecological Systems. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003.

Brown, Lester R. Plan B 3.0: Mobilizing to Save Civilization. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, 2008.

——. Plan B 4.0: Mobilizing to Save Civilization. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, 2009. Written by the prolific and influential Lester Brown, founder and president of the Earth Policy Institute and Worldwatch Institute, this is a comprehensive and thoroughly researched analysis of the environmental, social, and economic challenges facing the planet together with a plan for how to address them, which Brown tells us must be done “with wartime speed.” An updated edition of Brown’s earlier Plan B 3.0.

Cole, David N. and L. Yung, eds. Beyond Naturalness: Rethinking Park and Wilderness Stewardship in an Era of Rapid Change. Washington, DC: Island Press, 2010.

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Discussion of the emerging approach to ecosystem science. Traditional conservation, which depended upon actively resisting change, is being replaced by an understanding of the dynamic nature of ecosystems which inevitably change, particularly when faced with changing climate.

Cronon, William, ed. Uncommon Ground: Rethinking the Human Place in Nature. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, 1996.A collection of essays by historians and ecologists that examine the concepts of wilderness, environmentalism, and the human place in nature, growing out of an interdisciplinary 1994 seminar, “Reinventing Nature.”

Cunningham, William P. and Mary Ann Cunningham. Environmental Science: A Global Concern, 11th ed. New York: McGraw Hill, 2010.A comprehensive and engaging survey of environmental science, with lots of color diagrams, graphs, and photographs.

Daily, Gretchen, ed. Nature’s Services: Societal Dependence on Natural Ecosystems. Washington, DC: Island Press, 1997.Analysis of the social and economic values of ecosystem services, by leading sustainability scholars.

Dramstad, Wenech E., James D. Olson, and Richard T. T. Forman. Landscape Ecology Principles in Landscape Architecture and Land-Use Planning. Washington, DC: Island Press, 1996.A concise handbook that explains the principles of landscape ecology, based on patches and corridors, with each principle clearly illustrated by a diagram.

Fearn, Eva, ed. State of the Wild 2010–2011: A Global Portrait. Washington, DC: Island Press, 2010.

Flannery, Tim. The Eternal Frontier: An Ecological History of North America and Its Peoples. New York: Grove Press, 2001.A detailed but highly readable history of the North American continent, full of surprising insights, by a highly regarded paleontologist and climate scientist.

Foreman, Dave. Rewilding North America: A Vision for Conservation in the 21st Century. Washington, DC: Island Press, 2004.A proposal for continental-scale conservation using wildlands networks and corridors.

Fraser, Caroline. Rewilding the World: Dispatches from the Conservation Revolution. New York: Metropolitan Books, 2009.A survey of the concepts and projects for large-scale migration corridors in the Americas, Africa, and Australia.

Gunderson, Lance H., Craig R. Allen, and C. S. Holling, eds. Foundations of Ecological Resilience. Washington, DC: Island Press, 2010.

Helvarg, David. Blue Frontier: Dispatches from America’s Ocean Wilderness. Sierra Club Books, 2006.

Hobbs, Richard J., Eric S. Higgs, and Carol Hall, eds. Novel Ecosystems: Intervening in the New Ecological World Order. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell, 2013.A rigorous and comprehensive discussion of novel ecosystems, self-organizing and self-sustaining systems of species and their interactions with no historical precedents. Brings together research from multiple disciplines and examines management frameworks and approaches to ecosystem stewardship in a changing world.

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Johnson, Bart R. and Kristina Hill, eds. Ecology and Design: Frameworks for Learning. Washington, DC: Island Press, 2002.

Kolbert, Elizabeth. The Sixth Extinction: An Unnatural History. New York: Henry Holt, 2014.High-quality science reporting by a staff writer at The New Yorker, with ample detail and a clear picture of the magnitude of the ecological change now underway. Although written by a nonscientist for the popular press, the reporting is accurate and the solid bibliography provides sources for further reading.

Leopold, Luna B. A View of the River. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2006.A thorough and fascinating discussion of the behavior of rivers, appropriate for both scientists and nonscientists, from a leading authority in river morphology.

Marris, Emma. Rambunctious Garden: Saving Nature in a Post-Wild World. New York: Bloomsbury, 2011.Clearly and enthusiastically presents the concept of novel ecosystems for lay readers.

Millennium Ecosystem Assessment. Ecosystems and Human Well-being: Synthesis. Washington, DC: Island Press, 2005.A report initiated by the United Nations in 2001, synthesizing the work of scientists from around the world into a series of indicators of the health of Earth’s ecosystems.

Mitsch, William J. and James G. Gosselink. Wetlands, 4th ed. New York: John Wiley, 2007.The standard reference on the subject of wetlands.

Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRDC). Stream Corridor Restoration: Principles, Processes, and Practices. Washington, DC: Natural Resources Conservation Service, 1998. A thorough handbook for using ecological processes to restore self-sustaining streams, for ecologists and planners. Thorough explanations of concepts, restoration techniques, working with groups, choosing alternatives, monitoring and adaptive management, clearly illustrated by color diagrams and photographs. Updated in 2010. Available for download.

Pearce, Fred. The New Wild: Why Invasive Species Will Be Nature’s Salvation. Boston, MA: Beacon Press, 2015.A clear discussion of the dynamic nature of novel ecosystems in an era of changing conditions, with engaging case studies.

Perlman, Dan L. and Jeffrey C. Milder. Practical Ecology for Planners, Developers, and Citizens. Washington, DC: Island Press, 2004.

Primack, Richard B. A Primer of Conservation Biology, 4th ed. Sunderland, MA: Sinauer Associates, 2008.A thorough overview of habitat loss, conservation, and restoration by a recognized authority.

Riley, Ann L. Restoring Streams in Cities. Washington, DC: Island Press, 1998.Although now several years old, this remains the most useful book on stream restoration in urban areas.

Rosenzweig, Michael L. Win–Win Ecology. New York: Oxford University Press, 2003.An encouraging discussion of ecological restoration, with a focus on accepting the human place in the biosphere, by the author who originated the term “reconciliation ecology.”

Schaffer, Valentin, Hillary Rudd, and Jamie Vala. Urban Biodiversity: Exploring Natural Habitat and Its Value in Cities. Concord: Captus Press, 2004.

Stone, Christopher. Should Trees Have Standing? Law, Morality, and the Environment, 3rd ed. New York: Oxford University Press, 2010.

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An influential paper first published in 1972 in the Southern California Law Review, advancing a legal argument that natural objects should have legal rights. Based on an amicus brief in a lawsuit that reached the U.S. Supreme Court, Sierra Club v. Morton.

Tallamy, Douglas W. Bringing Nature Home: How You Can Sustain Wildlife with Native Plants. Portland, OR: Timber Press, 2009.A book about applications of reconciliation ecology for lay readers by an ecologist, including concepts of native and nonnative species and fundamentals of habitat in residential yards.

Vale, Thomas, ed. Fire, Native Peoples, and the Natural Landscape. Washington, DC: Island Press, 2002.

Vries, Bert J. M. de. Sustainability Science. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2013.

The authoritative textbook in the field of sustainability science.Walker, Brian and David Salt. Resilience Practice: Building Capacity to Absorb Disturbance

and Maintain Function. Washington, DC: Island Press, 2012.A detailed handbook building on the ideas in Resilience Thinking, in which the authors show how resilience concepts can be applied to systems at a range of scales.

Wapner, Paul. Living through the End of Nature: The Future of American Environmentalism. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2013.An examination of the meaning of nature and wilderness and a discussion of the way forward for environmentalism in an age when no place remains on the planet that has not been touched by humans.

Wilcove, David S. No Way Home: The Decline of the World’s Great Animal Migrations. Washington, DC: Island Press, 2010.

Willers, Bill. Learning to Listen to the Land. Washington, DC: Island Press, 1991.Wilson, Edward O. The Future of Life. London: Abacus, 2002.

An eloquent assessment of the decline of biodiversity as the ongoing mass extinction progresses, with principles and a plan for saving the diversity that is left, by a renowned biologist.

Websites“Anthropocene” Working Group of the International Commission on Stratigraphy.

http://quaternary.stratigraphy.org/workinggroups/anthropocene/A subgroup of the official body which formally establishes the geological time scale, established to investigate whether a new epoch should be officially designated and, if so, what physical evidence should be used as its marker.

Audubon Society. http://www.audubon.org/Also known by its full name, the National Audubon Society. U.S. nonprofit organization with a mission to conserve and restore natural ecosystems, with a focus on birds and their habitats.

Conservation International: Biodiversity Hotspots. http://www.conservation.org/How/Pages/Hotspots.aspx General informational webpage, with a link to CEPF, the Critical Ecosystem Partnership Fund.

Critical Ecosystem Partnership Fund (CEPF). http://www.cepf.net/resources/hotspots/Pages/default.aspx

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Database of the world’s 35 biodiversity hotspots maintained by CEPF, an alliance of nongovernmental and private sector organizations.

International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). http://www.iucn.org/ Global organization focused on conserving biodiversity. Maintains a comprehensive global inventory of the status of species; current data on conservation status and risk of extinction is maintained in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.

The Nature Conservancy. http://www.nature.org/An international nonprofit organization that works to conserve habitats through land purchases and by partnering with communities and groups.

Rewilding Institute. http://rewilding.org/rewildit/Nonprofit organization focused on continental-scale conservation. Programs include carnivore protection and MegaLinkages, a proposed system of four continental wildlife movement corridors.

Society for Conservation Biology. http://www.conbio.org/The international organization for conservation professionals and researchers.

Society for Ecological Restoration. http://www.ser.org/The international organization for restoration professionals and researchers.

Stockholm Resilience Centre. http://www.stockholmresilience.org/Research and resources on the governance of social-ecological systems with a special emphasis on resilience.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA): Surf Your Watershed. http://www.epa.gov/surf/Find environmental information on any watershed in the U.S.

USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service: National Biology Handbook. http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/technical/biology.htmlA large handbook with information on fish and wildlife habitats for farmers and planners. The section “Conservation Corridor Planning at the Landscape Level” has details about principles of landscape ecology, based on patches and corridors, each illustrated with clear color diagrams.

USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service: Stream Corridor Restoration Handbook. http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detailfull/national/technical/references/?cid=stelprdb1043244 A thorough handbook for using ecological processes to restore self-sustaining streams, for ecologists and planners. Thorough explanations of concepts, restoration techniques, working with groups, choosing alternatives, monitoring and adaptive management, clearly illustrated by color diagrams and photographs. First published in 1998, updated in 2010. Available for download.

World Resources Institute: Forests. http://www.wri.org/our-work/topics/forests Maps, data, and information about global forest health and restoration research.

World Resources Institute: Maps & Data. http://www.wri.org/resourcesA database of maps, charts, data sets, infographics, and other visual resources based on the World Resources Institute’s data and research.World Wildlife Fund: Living Planet Report. http://wwf.panda.org/about_our_earth/all_publications/living_planet_report/A report on the state of global biodiversity and pressure from human consumption, published every two years by the World Wildlife Fund in partnership with the Global Footprint Network, Zoological Society of London, and the European Space Agency.

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8. Pollution

Articles, Chapters, and Papers

Cooperative Extension, Washington State University. “Hybrid Poplars in the Pacific Northwest.” Symposium Proceedings. Pullman, WA: Washington State University, 1999.

Guillette, Elizabeth A., et al. “An Anthropological Approach to the Evaluation of Preschool Children Exposed to Pesticides in Mexico.” Environmental Health Perspectives, vol. 106 no. 6 (June 1998): 347–53.A study which compared two similar groups of children, one group exposed to pesticides and the other not exposed. In addition to striking differences in memory and behavior between the two groups, drawings by children who were exposed to pesticides showed a startling inability to draw stick figures.

Raver, Anne. “The Dead Zone Starts (Or Stops) Here.” Landscape Architecture Magazine, November 2012: 88–103.An analysis of nitrogen fertilizer’s impact on life in the Gulf of Mexico and a detailed proposal to reduce nitrate runoff through restored wetlands.

Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants. “Global Status of DDT and Its Alternatives for Use in Vector Control to Prevent Disease.” Geneva: UNEP Stockholm Convention, 2008.

Books

Alexander, Martin. Biodegradation and Bioremediation, 2nd ed. San Diego, CA: Academic Press, 1999.Technical handbook, for scientists and engineers.

Colborn, Theo, Dianne Dumanoski, and John Peter Meyers. Our Stolen Future: Are We Threatening Our Fertility, Intelligence and Survival? A Scientific Detective Story. New York: Dutton, 1996.The influential book that alerted the world to the threat of endocrine disruptors.

Cunningham, William P. and Mary Ann Cunningham. Environmental Science: A Global Concern, 11th ed. New York: McGraw Hill, 2010.A comprehensive and engaging survey of environmental science, with lots of color diagrams, graphs, and photographs.

Davis, Mackenzie L. and David A. Cornwell. Introduction to Environmental Engineering, 5th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2012.Textbook with thorough coverage of the science fundamentals of environmental engineering.

Dyer, Betsy Dexter. A Field Guide to Bacteria. Ithaca, NY: Comstock, 2003. An accessible, user-friendly guide to recognizing the diverse bacteria around us while learning about how they live, by an authority in microbiology. Helps the reader get to know these remarkable beings beyond abstract pictures in a textbook, getting to know them as living creatures who are part of our local worlds.

Frumkin, Howard. Environmental Health: From Global to Local, 2nd ed. New York: Jossey-Bass, 2010.Comprehensive introductory textbook for the field of environmental health.

Hill, Marquita K. Understanding Environmental Pollution, 3rd ed. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2010.

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An introduction to concepts of toxicity and pollution. Organization and quality of citations are uneven.

Hollander, Justin B., Niall G. Kirkwood, and Julia L. Gold. Principles of Brownfield Regeneration: Cleanup, Design, and Reuse of Derelict Land. Washington, DC: Island Press, 2010.

Lasat, Mitch M. The Use of Plants for the Removal of Toxic Metals from Contaminated Soil. Washington, DC: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2000.

McCutcheon, Steven C. and Jerald L. Schnoor, eds. Phytoremediation: Transformation and Control of Contaminants. New York: Wiley Interscience, 2003.Technical handbook, for scientists and engineers.

Mackova, Martina, David N. Dowling, and Tomas Macek, eds. Phytoremediation and Rhizoremediation: Theoretical Background. Dordrecht: Springer, 2006.Technical handbook, for scientists and engineers.

Myers, Nancy J. and Carolyn Raffensperger, eds. Precautionary Tools for Reshaping Environmental Policy. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2006.

Pepper, Ian L., Charles P. Gerba, and Mark L. Brusseau, eds. Environmental and Pollution Science, 2nd ed. Boston, MA: Academic Press, 2006.Detailed and comprehensive textbook on pollution science with ample diagrams, graphs, and data, useful for students of environmental science and environmental engineering.

Stamets, Paul. Mycelium Running: How Mushrooms Can Save the World. Berkeley, CA: Ten Speed Press, 2005.A practical handbook from a mycologist on the use of fungi in pollution remediation, filtration of runoff, and as an alternative to pesticides.

Steingraber, Sandra. Living Downstream, 2nd ed. Philadelphia: Da Capo, 2010.The influential book that linked high rates of cancer to high concentrations of toxins in the environment, introducing the public to the concept of cancer clusters.

Theis, Tom and Jonathan Tomkin, eds. Sustainability: A Comprehensive Foundation. Houston, TX: Connexions, Rice University, 2012.

An introductory overview of a range of topics in the field, available for download. Vesilind, P. Aarne, Susan M. Morgan, and Lauren G. Heine. Introduction to Environmental

Engineering. Stamford, CT: Cengage Learning, 2004.Wargo, John. Green Intelligence: Creating Environments that Protect Human Health. Yale

University Press, 2010.An accessible examination of chemical hazards from pesticides, fossil fuel emissions, and plastics and the systemic lack of reliable knowledge about these substances, with proposals for moving toward a healthy human environment.

Withgott, Jay and Scott Brennan. Essential Environment: The Science behind the Stories, 3rd ed. San Francisco, CA: Pearson Benjamin Cummings, 2009.A comprehensive and engaging overview of environmental science, illustrated by case studies.

Websites

Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR). http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/The U.S. federal agency that assesses hazardous substances in National Priority List or Superfund sites and hazardous waste storage sites. Conducts research and maintains a database of information about toxic substances.

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American Planning Association: Creating Community-Based Brownfield Redevelopment Strategies. http://www.planning.org/research/brownfields/index.htm

Atlas of United States Cancer Mortality. http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/products/other/atlas/atlas.htmCenters for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC): Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease

Registry (ATSDR). http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov See Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR).

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC): Air Pollution and Respiratory Health. http://www.cdc.gov/nceh/airpollutionConducts research and maintains a database of information about environmental-related respiratory illnesses.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC): Interactive Cancer Atlas. http://www.cdc.gov/features/canceratlas/See Interactive Cancer Atlas.

European Commission Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control (IPPC) Directive. http://ec.europa.eu/environment/air/pollutants/stationary/ippc/index.htm Legislation of the European Parliament which regulates industrial emissions.

European Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control Bureau (IPPCB). http://eippcb.jrc.es/Organization established by the Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control (IPPC) Directive. Produces Best Available Techniques (BAT) documents required as part of the IPPC.

Interactive Cancer Atlas. http://www.cdc.gov/features/canceratlas/A searchable spatial database that allows users to sort by location, demographics, and type of cancer.

Pollution Prevention Resource Exchange (P2Rx™). http://www.p2rx.org/A consortium of regional pollution prevention information centers in the U.S., funded in part through grants from the EPA. Centers provide pollution prevention information, networking opportunities, and technical assistance.

Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs). http://chm.pops.int/Convention/tabid/54/language/en-US/Default.aspx#convtextThe 2001 international treaty that outlaws or restricts persistent organic pollutants such as DDT.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA): Learn the Issues: Pesticides, Chemicals, and Toxics. http://www.epa.gov/gateway/learn/pestchemtox.html

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA): Nitrogen Dioxide: Health. http://www.epa.gov/oaqps001/nitrogenoxides/health.html

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA): Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics (OPPT). http://www.epa.gov/oppt/

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA): Pollution Prevention (P2). http://www.epa.gov/p2/

U.S. Geological Survey (USGS): Toxic Substances Hydrology Program. http://toxics.usgs.gov/index.htmlInformation on chemical contamination of ecosystems.

World Health Organization (WHO) Cancer Mortality Database. http://www-dep.iarc.fr/WHOdb/WHOdb.htmA database of selected statistics that allows users to sort by location, demographics, and type of cancer.

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9. Energy

Articles, Chapters, and Papers

Alcott, Blake. “Jevons’ Paradox.” Ecological Economics, vol. 54 (2005): 9–21. doi:10.1016/j.ecolecon.2005.03.020A discussion of the rebound effect proposed by Jevons in 1865, whether efficiency policies are counterproductive, and whether efficiency gains must be balanced with physical caps.

Attari, Shahzeen Z., Michael L. DeKay, Cliff I. Davidson, and Wändi Bruine de Bruin. “Public Perceptions of Energy Consumption and Savings.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol. 107 no. 37 (2010): 16054–59. doi:10.1073/pnas.1001509107. http://www.pnas.org/content/107/37/16054.abstract

Barabási, Albert-László and Eric Bonabeau. “Scale-Free Networks.” Scientific American, May 2003: 50–59.An exploration of the science of scale-free networks, a recurring feature of complex systems throughout the biosphere and thus an important concept in systems thinking.

Biello, David. “The False Promise of Biofuels.” Scientific American, August 2011: 59–65.Examines problems and challenges of corn ethanol, the use of cellulose in cornstalks, grasses, and trees, and the extraction of oil from algae.

Broad, William. “Tracing Oil Reserves to Their Tiny Origins.” New York Times, August 2, 2010.Clear description of the origins of fossil fuels, with an explanatory color illustration.

Campbell, Colin and Jean Laherrère. “The End of Cheap Oil.” Scientific American, vol. 278 no. 3 (March 1998): 78–83.Examination of the phenomenon of peak oil.

Cleveland, Cutler J. “Net Energy from Extraction of Oil and Gas in the United States.” Energy, April 2005.

Crabtree, G. and J. Misewich. “Integrating Renewable Electricity on the Grid.” Washington, DC: American Physical Society, 2010. http://www.aps.org/policy/reports/popa-reports/upload/integratingelec.pdf

Danish Energy Agency. “Energy Statistics 2009.” http://www.ens.dk/en-US/Info/FactsAndFigures/Energy_statistics_and_indicators?Annual%20Statistics/Documents/Tables2009.xls

——. “Danish Energy Policy 1970–2010: Vision: 100% Independence of Fossil Fuels.” 2010. http://www.ens.dk/en-US/Info/news/Factsheet/Documents/DKEpol.pdf%20engelsk%20til%20web.pdf

Empire State Building, “Sustainability and Energy Efficiency.” June 24, 2013. http://www.esbnyc.com/sustainability_energy_efficiency.aspAn energy-efficiency retrofit project in New York City’s most iconic building that saved its owners millions of dollars in energy costs, increased its real estate value, and enhanced the quality of life for building users.

Epstein, P. R., J. J. Buonocare, K. Eckerle, M. Hendryx, B. M. Stout III, R. Heinberg, et al. “Full Cost Accounting for the Life Cycle of Coal.” Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, vol. 1219 (2011): 73–98. Study conducted by the director of the Harvard Medical School Center for Health and the Global Environment and 11 co-authors that evaluates financial costs of externalities, health and environmental hazards at each stage in the life cycle of coal that are external to the coal industry.

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Erickson, W. P., G. Johnson, D. Strickland, and D. Young. “Avian Collisions with Wind Turbines: A Summary of Existing Studies and Comparisons to Other Sources of Avian Collision Mortality in the United States.” Portland: American Wind Energy Association Conference, 2002.

European Commission. “Roadmap to a Resource Efficient Europe.” Brussels: European Commission, 2011. A plan to decouple economic growth from resource use and its environmental impact, with policy implications.

European Union. “Directive 2010/31/EU of the European Parliament and the Council of 19 May 2010 on the Energy Performance of Buildings.” Official Journal of the European Union, vol. 53, 2010. http://eur-lex.europa.eu/JOHtml.do?uri=OJ:L:2010:153:SOM:EN:HTML

Fridley, David. “Nine Challenges of Alternative Energy.” In The Post Carbon Reader: Managing the 21st Century’s Sustainability Crises, eds. Richard Heinberg and Daniel Lerch, 229–46. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 2010.Technical discussion of challenges and tradeoffs in the transition to alternative energy, by a scientist at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory with expertise in the energy sector in China.

GE Global Research. “How Loud is a Wind Turbine?” GE Reports, November 18, 2010. http://www.gereports.com/how-loud-is-a-wind-turbine/.

Harti, Jeffrey. “Electric Vehicles and Renewable Energy Potential.” In State of the World 2009: Into a Warming World, Worldwatch Institute, 111–14. New York: W.W. Norton, 2009.

Hirsch, R. L., R. Bezdek, and R. Wendling. “Peaking of World Oil Production: Impacts, Mitigation and Risk Management.” National Energy Technology Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy, 2005.

Hughes, J. David. “Hydrocarbons in North America.” In The Post Carbon Reader: Managing the 21st Century’s Sustainability Crises, eds. Richard Heinberg and Daniel Lerch, 211–28. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 2010.Analysis of the state of fossil fuel reserves in the U.S. and Canada.

IEA. “Key World Energy Statistics 2013.” Paris, France: International Energy Agency, 2013. A user-friendly collection of data on energy supply, transformation, and consumption, summarized in tables and graphs, from the International Energy Agency and published annually. http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/KeyWorld2013.pdf

Jacobson, Mark Z. and Mark A. Delucchi. “A Plan for a Sustainable Future.” Scientific American, vol. 301 (2009): 58–65.An analysis of how to satisfy global energy demand by 2030 with a mix of wind, solar, geothermal, and tidal power generation sources, with a discussion of costs and problems posed by material shortages.

Kinter-Meyer, Michael, Kevin Schneider, and Robert Pratt. “Impacts Assessment of Plug-In Hybrid Vehicles on Electric Utilities and Regional U.S. Power Grids, Part 1: Technical Analysis.” Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, U.S. DOE, DE-AC05-76RL01830.

Lang, Kerryn. “The First Year of the G-20 Commitment on Fossil-Fuel Subsidies: A Commentary on Lessons Learned and the Path Forward” Geneva: Global Studies Initiative, International Institute for Sustainable Development, 2011.

Lerch, Daniel. “Making Sense of Peak Oil and Energy Uncertainty.” In The Post Carbon Reader: Managing the 21st Century’s Sustainability Crises, eds. Richard Heinberg and Daniel Lerch, 207–10. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 2010.

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A brief introduction to the phenomenon of peak oil.Levitan, Dave. “Why Wave Power Has Lagged Far Behind as Energy Source.” Yale

Environment 360, April 28, 2014. Analysis of the challenges that have slowed efforts to generate electricity from the oceans, including design complexities and the cost of installation in hostile environments.

Lidula, N. S. A. and A. D. Rajapakse. “Microgrids Research: A Review of Experimental Microgrids and Test Systems.” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 15 no. 1 (2011): 186–202. doi:10.1016/j.rser.2010.09.041.

Lovins, Amory B. “Farewell to Fossil Fuels: Answering the Energy Challenge.” Foreign Affairs, vol. 91 no. 2 (2012): 134–46. http://www.rmi.org/Knowledge-Center/Library/2012-01_FarewellToFossilFuels

Lovins, Amory B., E. K. Datta, J. Swisher, A. Lehmann, T. Feiler, K. R. Rábago, and K. Wicker. “Small is Profitable: The Hidden Economic Benefits of Making Electrical Resources the Right Size.” Snowmass, CO: Rocky Mountain Institute, 2002. http://www.smallisprofitable.org/

Makhijani, Shakuntala and Alexander Ochs. “Renewable Energy’s Natural Resource Impacts.” In State of the World 2013: Is Sustainability Still Possible? Worldwatch Institute, 84–98. Washington, DC: Island Press, 2013.An examination of the economic and environmental tradeoffs in a range of renewable energy sources, and a discussion of existing solutions to these challenges.

Mooney, Chris. “The Truth about Fracking.” Scientific American, November 2011, 80–85.Murphy, T. W., Jr. “Beyond Fossil Fuels: Assessing Energy Alternatives.” In State of the World

2013: Is Sustainability Still Possible? Worldwatch Institute, 172–83. Washington, DC: Island Press, 2013.Discussion of the need for a transition to alternative energy, with a comparison of the alternatives.

Network for New Energy Choices. “Freeing the Grid: Best Practices in State Net Metering Policies and Interconnection Procedures.” Network for New Energy Choices, 2010. http://www.newenergychoices.org/index.php?page=publications&sd=no

North American Electric Reliability Corporation. “2013 Long-Term Reliability Assessment.” North American Electric Reliability Corporation, December 2013. http://www.nerc.com/pa/RAPA/ra/Reliability%20Assessments%20DL/2013_LTRA_FINAL.pdfAn annual assessment of reliability, capacity, and security of the power generation and distribution system in the U.S., required by law.

——. “System Disturbance Reports.” North American Electric Reliability Corporation, 2011. http://www.nerc.com/page.php?cid=5|66.

Ogden, Joan. “High Hopes for Hydrogen.” Scientific American, September 2006: 94–101.Owen, Nick A., Oliver R. Inderwildi, and David A. King. “The Status of Conventional World

Oil Reserves: Hype or Cause for Concern?” Energy Policy, vol. 38 no. 8 (2010): 4743–49. doi:16/j.enpol.2010.02.026.A technical review of the issue of peak oil which concludes that the quantity of fossil fuel which can be extracted economically and profitably is limited and will soon decline.

Perlack, Robert, Lynn Wright, and Anthony Turhollow. “Biomass as Feedstock for a Bioenergy and Bioproducts Industry: Technical Feasibility of a Billion-Ton Annual Supply.” U.S.

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Department of Agriculture, 2005. http://www.scag.ca.gov/rcp/pdf/summit/billion_ton_vision.pdf

Princen, Thomas, Jack P. Manno, and Pamela Martin. “Keep Them in the Ground: Ending the Fossil Fuel Era.” In State of the World 2013: Is Sustainability Still Possible? Worldwatch Institute, 161–71. Washington, DC: Island Press, 2013.A discussion of why limiting emissions is not enough; the extraction of fossil fuels must stop in order to prevent disastrous environmental impacts.

Putman, Andrea and Michael Philips. “The Business Case for Renewable Energy: A Guide for Colleges and Universities.” National Association of College and University Business Officers (NACUBO), 2006. A step-by-step guide to developing an alternative energy plan on higher education campuses. Available for purchase at http://www.nacubo.org/Products/Publications/Sustainability/The_Business_Case_for_Renewable_Energy_A_Guide_for_Colleges_and_Universities.html.

Renewable Energy Policy Network for the 21st Century (REN21). “Renewables 2014 Global Status Report.” REN21, June 2014. http://www.ren21.net/REN21Activities/GlobalStatusReport.aspx A status report issued annually by REN21, a global network of governments, businesses, organizations, and academia focused on a global transition to renewable energy through policy development. REN21 grew out of the 2005 International Conference for Renewable Energies.

Renewables International. “Cost of Turnkey PV in Germany Drops.” Renewables International: The Magazine, January 14, 2011. http://www.renewablesinternational.net/cost-of-turnkey-pv-in-germany-drops/150/452/29911/

Rudolf, John Collins. “News Corp. is Carbon-Neutral, Murdoch Declares.” New York Times, March 4, 2011. http://green-blogs.nytimes.com/2011/03/04/news-corp-is-carbon-neutral-murdoch-declares/?hpw

Saieg, Phillip. “Energy Efficiency in the Built Environment.” In State of the World 2013: Is Sustainability Still Possible? Worldwatch Institute, 184–89. Washington, DC: Island Press, 2013.A discussion of energy efficiency as a financial opportunity for commercial building owners and investors.

Sawin, Janet L. and William R. Moomaw. “An Enduring Energy Future.” In State of the World 2009: Into a Warming World, Worldwatch Institute, 130–50. New York: W.W. Norton, 2009.

Sorrell, S. “Jevons’ Paradox Revisited: The Evidence for Backfire from Improved Energy Efficiency.” Energy Policy, vol. 37 no. 4 (2009): 1456–69.A summary of the evidence in support of Jevon’s Paradox, a discussion of some weaknesses in the arguments, and parallels between these arguments and those used in some areas of discussion in economics.

U.S. Department of Energy and EPA. “Combined Heat and Power: A Clean Energy Solution.” Washington, DC, August 2012.

U.S. Government Accounting Office. “Wind Power Impacts on Wildlife and Government Responsibilities for Regulating Development and Protecting Wildlife.” GAO-050906, September 2005.

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van der Vleuten, E. and R. Raven. “Lock-in and Change: Distributed Generation in Denmark in a Long-Term Perspective.” Energy Policy, vol. 34 no. 18 (2006): 3739–48. A case study of distributed power generation in Denmark, which has led the way globally in distributed power.

Weber, C. L. “An Examination of Energy Intensity and Energy Efficiency.” Pittsburgh, PA: Carnegie Mellon University, 2008.A technical paper on the relationships between energy efficiency, energy use, and economic factors.

Whipple, Tom. “Peak Oil and the Great Recession.” In The Post Carbon Reader: Managing the 21st Century’s Sustainability Crises, eds. Richard Heinberg and Daniel Lerch, 247–58. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 2010.An exploration of the relationship between the peaking of oil production beginning around 2005 and the global recession which began around 2007.

Zencey, Eric. “Energy as Master Resource.” In State of the World 2013: Is Sustainability Still Possible? Worldwatch Institute, 73–83. Washington, DC: Island Press, 2013.An examination of ecological economics through the lens of renewable energy issues, arguing that energy should be considered the foundation and most significant driver of the economy.

Books

American Geological Institute (AGI). Environmental Science: Understanding Our Changing Earth. Clifton Park, NY: Delmar, 2011.

Ayres, Robert U. and Edward H. Ayres. Crossing the Energy Divide. Philadelphia, PA: Wharton School Publishing, 2010.

Buchanan, Mark. Nexus: Small Worlds and the Groundbreaking Science of Networks. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, 2002.An accessible explanation of scale-free networks, a recurring feature of complex systems throughout the biosphere and thus an important concept in systems thinking.

Cunningham, William P. and Mary Ann Cunningham. Environmental Science: A Global Concern, 11th ed. New York: McGraw Hill, 2010.A comprehensive and engaging survey of environmental science, with lots of color diagrams, graphs, and photographs.

Few, Steven. Information Dashboard Design. Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly Media, 2006.Goldstein, D. B. Invisible Energy: Strategies to Rescue the Economy and Save the Planet. Pt.

Richmond, CA: Bay Tree Publishing, 2010.Heinberg, Richard and David Fridley. Our Renewable Future: Laying the Path for One Hundred

Percent Clean Energy. Washington, DC: Island Press, 2016.A clear overview and guide to the transformations required to a create a renewable energy society, by Post Carbon Institute fellow Richard Heinberg and David Fridley, staff scientist of the energy analysis program at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. 

Heinberg, Richard and Daniel Lerch, eds. The Post Carbon Reader: Managing the 21st Century’s Sustainability Crises. Healdsburg, CA: Watershed Media, 2010.This thoughtful collection of papers by recognized experts is one of the clearest and most comprehensive books on sustainability issues, potential solutions, and interconnectedness. Topics include sustainability concepts, climate, water, biodiversity, food, population, culture, energy, economics, cities, transportation, waste, health, education, and resilience.

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Hopkins, Rob. The Transition Handbook: From Oil Dependency to Local Resilience. White River, VT: Chelsea Green, 2008.

Jevons, W. S. The Coal Question: An Inquiry Concerning the Progress of the Nation, and the Probable Exhaustion of Our Coal-Mines, 2nd ed. London: Macmillan and Co., 1866.

Kwok, Alison G. and Walter T. Grondzik. The Green Studio Handbook: Environmental Strategies for Schematic Design. Oxford, UK: Architectural Press, 2007.A user-friendly and methodical handbook that introduces the concepts of green building design, with diagrams and some technical details, for design students and architects.

Landsberg, Dennis R. and Mychele R. Lord. Energy Efficiency Guide for Existing Commercial Buildings: The Business Case for Building Owners and Managers. Atlanta: ASHRAE, 2009.

Lovins, Amory B. Reinventing Fire. White River Junction, VT: Chelsea Green Publishing, 2011.Strategies for reducing energy consumption, replacing fossil fuels, cutting greenhouse gas emissions, and reducing natural resource consumption, from the multiple perspectives of business, technology, and policy.

MacKay, David J. C. Sustainable Energy: Without the Hot Air. Cambridge, UK: UIT Cambridge Ltd., 2009.A book that makes the technical details of energy understandable and shows readers how to use energy data to draw their own conclusions. Written by a British authority on sustainable energy and climate change. http://www.withouthotair.com/

McKibben, Bill. Deep Economy: The Wealth of Communities and the Durable Future. New York: Henry Holt and Company, 2007.An essay on the failings of the growth economy and proposals for moving beyond growth.

McKinsey & Company. Unlocking Energy Efficiency in the US Economy. McKinsey & Company, 2009.

Metz, B., O. Davidson, H. de Coninck, M. Loos, and L. Meyer, eds. Special Report on Carbon Dioxide Capture and Storage. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2005.

Muller, Richard A. Physics and Technology for Future Presidents. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2010.Essential concepts of physics and quantitative thinking made accessible for nonscientists, illustrated with examples from everyday life. Based on a popular course at the University of California, Berkeley.

Pahl, Greg. Power from the People: How to Organize, Finance, and Launch Local Energy Projects. White River Junction, VT: Chelsea Green Publishing, 2012.

Randolph, John and Gilbert M. Masters. Energy for Sustainability: Technology, Planning, Policy. Washington, DC: Island Press, 2008.A large and detailed textbook for students of renewable energy.

Renne, John L. and Billy Fields, eds. Transport Beyond Oil: Policy Choices for a Multimodal Future. Washington, DC: Island Press, 2013.Strategies for reducing dependence on fossil fuels through land use decisions, transit-oriented development, public transit, walkable and bikeable streets, high-speed rail, and optimized freight transport, with policy measures.

Slavin, Matthew I., ed. Sustainability in America’s Cities: Creating the Green Metropolis. Washington, DC: Island Press, 2011.A collection of case studies of cities which are integrating green infrastructure into the human world.

Smil, Vaclav. Energy at the Crossroads. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2003.

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——. Energy: A Beginner’s Guide. Oxford, UK: Oneworld, 2006.——. Crossing the Energy Divide. Philadelphia, PA: Wharton School Publishing, 2009.——. Energy Myths and Realities: Bringing Science to the Energy Policy Debate. Washington,

DC: AEI Press, 2010.A selection of works that examine various aspects of energy, from one of the field’s respected and prolific scholars.

——. Energy Transitions: Global and National Perspectives, 2nd ed. Santa Barbara, CA: Praeger, 2017. Detailed analysis of energy transitions, including historical background, current developments, and economic factors; advantages and limitations of renewable energy conversions.

Theis, Tom and Jonathan Tomkin, eds. Sustainability: A Comprehensive Foundation. Houston, TX: Connexions, Rice University, 2012.

An introductory overview of a range of topics in the field, available for download. Vries, Bert J. M. de. Sustainability Science. New York: Cambridge University

Press, 2013.The authoritative textbook in the field of sustainability science.

Wengenmayr, Roland and Thomas Buhrke, eds. Renewable Energy: Sustainable Energy Concepts for the Future. Weinheim: Wiley VCH, 2008.

Wolfson, Richard. Energy, Environment, and Climate. New York: W.W. Norton, 2008.——. Energy, Environment, and Climate, 2nd ed. New York: W.W. Norton, 2011.

A textbook for non-science majors that is both rigorous and clear. The author, a physicist whose research includes astrophysics and climate change, is skilled at making the scientific details of energy and climate change comprehensible.

Websites

American Wind Energy Association. http://www.awea.org/U.S. trade association for the wind energy industry and the standards-making organization for turbine hardware recognized by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI).

ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2013. Energy Standard for Buildings Except Low-Rise Residential Buildings. https://www.ashrae.org/resources--publications/bookstore/standard-90-1 Energy standard, from the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, that sets energy efficiency requirements for commercial buildings. Updated every three years.

Building Commissioning Association. http://www.bcxa.org/Organization for commissioning professionals.

California Commissioning Collaborative. http://www.cacx.org/Resources and information about building commissioning.

Database on State Incentives for Renewables and Efficiency, DSIRE. http://www.dsireusa.org/A comprehensive list of local, state, federal, and utility incentives which promote renewable energy and energy efficiency in the U.S.

Energy in Brief. U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA). http://www.eia.gov/energy_in_brief/Explains energy topics succinctly, in non-technical language.

Energy Information Administration, EIA. http://www.eia.doe.gov/

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Agency within the U.S. Department of Energy charged by Congress with providing energy data, analysis, and projections.

Energy Performance Contracting Model. http://www.boma.org/sustainability/info-resources/Pages/boma-energy.aspxA simplified contracting model to guide building owners and energy managers implementing efficiency measures in collaboration with ESCOs. A joint project of the Building Owners and Managers Association International (BOMA) and the Clinton Climate Initiative (CCI).

European Commission: Energy Strategy for Europe. http://ec.europa.eu/energy/index_en.htmEuropean Commission: Smart Grids.

http://ec.europa.eu/energy/gas_electricity/smartgrids/smartgrids_en.htmGasland. http://www.gaslandthemovie.com/whats-fracking

Documentary for popular audiences highlighting the risks of fracking.Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers: IEEE Draft Guide for Design, Operation, and

Integration of Distributed Resource Island Systems with Electric Power Systems, April 2011. http://grouper.ieee.org/groups/scc21/1547.4/1547.4_index.htmlThe U.S. standard for interconnection of distributed generation. The introduction of this standard allows islanding, a prerequisite to implementing smart grids.

International Energy Agency (IEA). http://www.iea.org/An intergovernmental organization of representatives from 28 countries of the OECD. Acts as a policy advisor to the member OECD countries and publishes data, projections, and analysis in an annual document titled World Energy Outlook.

National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL). Renewable energy research facility for the U.S. Department of Energy. Conducts research and provides data, including wind resource maps and solar resource maps.

National Solar Radiation Data Base. http://rredc.nrel.gov/solar/old_data/nsrdb/Solar radiation and meteorological data through 2010 for the U.S. from the Renewable Resource Data Center of the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL).

REN21: About REN21. http://www.ren21.net/ren21/default.asp A global network of governments, businesses, organizations, and academia focused on a global transition to renewable energy through policy development. REN21 grew out of the 2005 International Conference for Renewable Energies.

Renewable Resource Data Center. http://www.nrel.gov/rredc/Data, maps, and tools for solar, wind, biomass, and geothermal energy in U.S. locations from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL).

RenewableUK. http://www.renewableuk.com/ Trade and professional nonprofit organization in the UK for wind, wave, and tidal power. Formerly known as the British Wind Energy Association (BWEA).

Rocky Mountain Institute. Reinventing Fire: Bold Business Solutions for the New Energy Era. http://www.rmi.org/Knowledge-Center/ReinventingFire A research-based initiative of the Rocky Mountain Institute which performs in-house analysis and modeling and proposes large-scale solutions to government leaders, businesses, the military, and others. Categories include Electricity, Transportation, Buildings, and Industry.

Total Energy. U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA). http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/. Links to the Annual Energy Outlook, Annual Energy Review, FAQs, and energy graphs.

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University of Michigan Center for Sustainable Systems: Fact Sheet: U.S. Renewable Energy, 2010. http://css.snre.umich.edu/factsOne of a series of two-page factsheets on a range of sustainability topics, produced and updated regularly by the University of Michigan.

U.S. Department of Energy: Smart Grid Project Information. http://www.smartgrid.gov/smartgrid_projects?order=field_total_value_value&sort=asc&category=1

U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy. http://www.eere.energy.gov/

U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy: Energy Calculators and Software. http://www1.eere.energy.gov/calculators/

U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy: Energy Savers. http://www.energysavers.gov/Information on how to conduct an energy assessment and ways to reduce energy consumption at home, while driving, and at work.

U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy: Federal Energy Management Program. http://www1.eere.energy.gov/femp/index.html

U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy: Wind and Water Program. http://www.windpoweringamerica.gov/

U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Information Administration (EIA). http://www.eia.doe.gov/U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Information Administration (EIA): International Energy

Outlook. http://www.eia.doe.gov/oiaf/ieo Comprehensive annual report that gives data on energy consumption by country, by fuel type, and by sector and that projects the outlook for energy markets 30 years into the future.

U.S. Department of Energy, National Renewable Energy Laboratory. http://www.nrel.gov/U.S. Environmental Protection Agency: ENERGY STAR. http://www.energystar.gov/ U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). WindFarm. http://eerscmap.usgs.gov/windfarm/

Interactive map and database showing the location, make, model, height, area of turbine blades, and capacity of wind turbines in the U.S. The USGS will use this data set to study the impact of wind energy on wildlife.

World Resources Institute: Energy. http://www.wri.org/our-work/topics/energy Energy facts, data, and information about global research.

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10. Green Buildings and Sites

Articles, Chapters, and Papers

Akbari, Hashem and A. Rosenfeld. “White Roofs Cool the World, Directly Offset CO2 and Delay Global Warming.” Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Heat Island Group, 2008. http://coolcolors.lbl.gov/assets/docs/fact-sheets/Global-cooling-2pp.pdf

Biello, David. “Green Buildings May Be Cheapest Way to Slow Global Warming.” Scientific American, March 2008.

Biomimicry Institute. “Ventilated Nests Remove Heat and Gas: Mound-Building Termites.” http://www.asknature.org/strategy/8a16bdffd27387cd2a3a995525ea08b3.

Brown, Hillary. “Toward Zero-Carbon Buildings.” In The Post Carbon Reader: Managing the 21st Century’s Sustainability Crises, eds. Richard Heinberg and Daniel Lerch, 322–34. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 2010.

City of Toronto. Bird Friendly Development Guidelines. Toronto, ON: City of Toronto Green Development Standard, 2007. http://www1.toronto.ca/city_of_toronto/city_planning/zoning__environment/files/pdf/development_guidelines.pdf

Erickson, W. P., G. Johnson, D. Strickland, and D. Young. “Avian Collisions with Wind Turbines: A Summary of Existing Studies and Comparisons to Other Sources of Avian Collision Mortality in the United States.” Portland: American Wind Energy Association Conference, 2002.

European Union. “Directive 2010/31/EU of the European Parliament and the Council of 19 May 2010 on the Energy Performance of Buildings.” Official Journal of the European Union, vol. 53, 2010. http://eur-lex.europa.eu/JOHtml.do?uri=OJ:L:2010:153:SOM:EN:HTML

Mozingo, L. A. “The Aesthetics of Ecological Design: Seeing Science As Culture.” Landscape Journal, vol. 16 no. 1 (1997).An essay in landscape theory which argues that ecological landscape design must be high-quality art as well, with some principles for design of such spaces.

Rosenwald, Michael. “Green Cement.” Smithsonian, December 2011: 53–56.Sheppard, Christine. Bird-Friendly Building Design. The Plains, VA: American Bird

Conservancy, 2011. http://www.abcbirds.org/newsandreports/special_reports/Bird-friendly Building Guide_WEB.pdf

Sustainable Sites Initiative. “SITES v2 Rating System and Reference Guide.” http://www.sustainablesites.org/rating-system A rating system for sites, parts of which have been incorporated into LEED.

Taipale, Karrin. “From Light Green to Sustainable Buildings.” In State of the World 2012: Moving Toward Sustainable Prosperity, Worldwatch Institute, 129–36. Washington, DC: Island Press, 2012.

Tennesen, Michael. “Bioacoustics: Calls of the Wild.” Scientific American, October 2008: 24.Ulrich, Roger. “View through a Window May Influence Recovery from Surgery.” Science, New

Series, vol. 224 no. 4647 (April 27, 1984): 420–21.The groundbreaking study, often referenced in biophilic design literature, which concluded that patients with views of nature recovered faster than those without, leading to the fields of evidence-based healthcare design and therapeutic garden design.

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Walker, Andy. “Solar Water Heating.” In Whole Building Design Guide. Washington, DC: National Institute of Building Sciences, 2010. http://www.wbdg.org/resources/swheating.php

Wendt, Allyson. “The Living Building Challenge: Can It Really Change the World?” Environmental Building News, June 1, 2009.

Worall, Mark. “Homeostasis in Nature: Nest Building Termites and Intelligent Buildings.” Intelligent Buildings International, vol. 3 no. 2 (July 2011): 87–95.

Books

Alexander, Christopher. The Nature of Order: An Essay on the Art of Building and the Nature of the Universe, Book 1 – The Phenomenon of Life. New York: Routledge, 2004.A philosophical approach to architecture and design that integrates living process and structures with the design of spaces. One of three in a series of books about architecture: Book 1, The Phenomenon of Life; Book 2, The Process of Creating Life; and Book 3, A Vision of a Living World.

Balmori, Diana and Benoit, Gaboury. Land and Natural Development (LAND) Code: Guidelines for Sustainable Land Development. New York: John Wiley, 2007.A method for sustainable site development by a landscape architect and an environmental engineer. The book suggests a system of points similar to LEED and the Sustainable Sites Initiative; readers can choose to study the content without using the point system.

Barnett, Dianna Lopez and William D. Browning. A Primer on Sustainable Building, revised ed. Snowmass, CO: Rocky Mountain Institute, 2007.

Beatley, Timothy. Biophilic Cities: Integrating Nature into Urban Design and Planning. Washington, DC: Island Press, 2010. A guide to integrating living systems into the fabric of a city, addressing the innate human need for connection to the natural world. Offers theory together with practical design and planning tools.

Beck, Travis. Principles of Ecological Landscape Design. Washington, DC: Island Press, 2013.A guide to planning, design, and restoration of sites with clear explanations of ecological concepts and design principles.

Bradshaw, Vaughn. The Building Environment: Active and Passive Control Systems, 3rd ed. New York: John Wiley, 2006.

Brown, G. Z. and Mark DeKay. Sun, Wind & Light, 3rd ed. New York: John Wiley, 2014.A classic handbook on passive heating, passive cooling, and daylighting using the design of the buildings themselves.

Brown, Robert D. Design with Microclimate: The Secret to Comfortable Outdoor Space. Washington, DC: Island Press, 2010.A primer on climate, microclimate, and thermal comfort for design. Communicates principles in clear, accessible language with useful explanatory diagrams.

Butti, Ken and John Perlin. A Golden Thread: 2,500 Years of Solar Architecture and Technology. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1980.

Calkins, Meg. Materials for Sustainable Sites: A Complete Guide to the Evaluation, Selection, and Use of Sustainable Construction Materials. New York: John Wiley, 2009.A comprehensive guide to the selection of materials in the landscape.

——. The Sustainable Sites Handbook: A Complete Guide to the Principles, Strategies, and Best Practices for Sustainable Landscapes. New York: John Wiley, 2012.

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A comprehensive guide to the design and development of sustainable sites, with contributions by some of the experts who also developed the SITES Rating System and Reference Guide.

Carroon, Jean. Sustainable Preservation: Greening Existing Buildings. New York: John Wiley, 2010. A guide to the technical details of adaptive reuse of existing buildings based on green building principles with numerous case studies, including but not limited to historic preservation.

Hamilton, D. Kirk and David H. Watkins. Evidence-Based Design for Multiple Building Types. New York: John Wiley, 2009.A detailed overview of the field of evidence-based design, in which decisions are made based on the best available research evidence.

Hosey, Lance. The Shape of Green: Aesthetics, Ecology, and Design. Washington, DC: Island Press, 2012.An innovative, research-based work that brings together aesthetics and ecological design, demonstrating that aesthetics is not superficial but essential to sustainable design.

Johnson, Bart R. and Kristina Hill, eds. Ecology and Design: Frameworks for Learning. Washington, DC: Island Press, 2002.

Johnston, David and Scott Gibson. Green from the Ground Up: A Builder’s Guide. Newtown, CT: Taunton Press, 2008.An explanation of principles of green building for homeowners and builders.

Kats, Greg. Greening Our Built World: Costs, Benefits, and Strategies. Washington, DC: Island Press, 2010.Report on the economic benefits of green buildings, based on a large-scale study of financial analyses, with quantitative answers to the question, “Are green buildings more expensive than conventional?” Written by the chair of the LEED advisory group on Energy and Atmosphere, a former finance director for the U.S. Department of Energy.

Keeler, Marian and Bill Burke. Fundamentals of Integrated Design for Sustainable Building. New York: John Wiley, 2009.

Kellert, Stephen R., Judith H. Heerwagen, and Martin L. Mador, eds. Biophilic Design: The Theory, Science, and Practice of Bringing Buildings to Life. New York: John Wiley, 2008.A groundbreaking guide to the field of biophilic design, with essays by leading scholars of sustainability and design. Thoroughly covers the theory and science of biophilia and the practice of biophilic design .

Kibert, Charles J. Sustainable Construction: Green Building Design and Delivery, 3rd ed. New York: John Wiley, 2012.A thorough and detailed coverage of the aspects of sustainable design and construction for commercial and institutional buildings, with broad coverage of context, concepts, and practice.

Kwok, Alison G. and Walter T. Grondzik. The Green Studio Handbook: Environmental Strategies for Schematic Design, 2nd ed. Oxford, UK: Architectural Press, 2011.A user-friendly and methodical handbook that introduces the concepts of green building design, with diagrams and some technical details, for design students and architects.

Lechner, Norbert. Heating, Cooling, Lighting: Sustainable Design Methods for Architects, 3rd ed. New York: John Wiley, 2008.

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A thorough guide to environmental controls in buildings, with coverage of how to design for passive and active heating, passive cooling, daylighting and to optimize the form and orientation of the building itself.

LEED Visual GA, V3. The Modulus, 2009.A concise, simplified study guide for the LEED Green Associate exam, with concepts illustrated by symbolic diagrams.

Lennertz, Bill and Aarin Lutzenhiser. The Charrette Handbook: The Essential Guide for Accelerated, Collaborative Community Planning, 2nd ed. Chicago, IL: American Planning Association, 2014.A step-by-step guide for designers and planners, based on a training program from the National Charrette Institute.

Lyle, John Tillman. Design for Human Ecosystems: Landscape, Land Use, and Natural Resources. New York: John Wiley, 1985.An introduction to the concepts and methods of ecological design, in which landscapes are designed to function using the natural processes of ecosystems.

——. Regenerative Design for Sustainable Development. New York: John Wiley, 1994.An early and well-known guide to principles of ecological design in social, physical, and political contexts for designers and planners.

Macaulay, David R. and Jason F. McLennan. The Ecological Engineer. Volume One: KEEN Engineering. Kansas City, MO: Ecotone, 2006.Part of a series on innovative engineering firms, this first volume surveys the work of one U.S. firm. Design concepts for sustainable heating, cooling, and daylighting are illustrated by clear color diagrams.

McDonough, William and Michael Braungart. Cradle to Cradle. New York: North Point Press, 2002.A classic in the fields of sustainable building and manufacturing, the book explains “why being ‘less bad’ is no good” and proposes two closed-loop metabolisms, a biological nutrient cycle and a technical nutrient cycle.

McLennan, Jason F. The Philosophy of Sustainable Design. Bainbridge Island, WA: Ecotone Publishing Co., 2004.An outline of the ideas underlying green building design, from the architect who originated the rating system known as the Living Building Challenge.

Meisel, Ari. LEED Materials: A Resource Guide to Green Building. New York: Princeton Architectural Press, 2010.

Mendler, Sandra, William Odell, and Mary Ann Lazarus. The HOK Guidebook to Sustainable Design, 2nd ed. New York: John Wiley, 2006.Handbook on integrated design of green buildings for architects, with checklists and case studies.

Mumovic, Dejan and Mat Santamouris, eds. A Handbook of Sustainable Building Design and Engineering. London: Earthscan, 2009.

Information about energy and mechanical systems for buildings in urban environments.Nicol, Fergus, Michael Humphreys, and Susan Roaf. Adaptive Thermal Comfort: Principles and

Practice. New York: Routledge, 2012.Theory and practice of designing and operating low-carbon, low-energy buildings for thermal comfort.

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Roaf, Sue, David Crichton, and Fergus Nicol. Adapting Buildings and Cities for Climate Change, 2nd ed. Oxford, UK: Architectural Press, 2009.Describes the role of buildings in environmental and climate change; provides theory and detailed guidelines for designing and operating buildings and cities in a changing climate.

Smith, Gregory A. and Dilafruz R. Williams, eds. Ecological Education in Action: On Weaving Education, Culture, and the Environment. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, 1999.

Smith, Peter F. Architecture in a Climate of Change, 2nd ed. Oxford, UK: Architectural Press, 2005.

——. Building for a Changing Climate: The Challenge for Construction, Planning and Energy. London: Earthscan, 2009.A discussion of the approaching risks of climate change and how buildings and cities might adapt.

Sullivan, Chip. Garden and Climate. New York: McGraw Hill, 2002.A guide to microclimate and thermal comfort for design, illustrated by numerous historical examples.

Thompson, J. William and Kim Sorvig. Sustainable Landscape Construction, 2nd ed. Washington, DC: Island Press, 2008.A guide to landscape design, installation, and maintenance based on principles of sustainable sites, written by landscape architects.

University of Arkansas Community Design Center. Low Impact Development: A Design Manual for Urban Areas. University of Arkansas Press, 2011.A small and useful book, full of color diagrams that clearly explain the principles of stormwater management and low impact development.

Venhaus, Heather. Designing the Sustainable Site. New York: John Wiley, 2012.Principles of ecology and sustainable site design applied to the small and residential scale, where much of the green fabric of urban areas occurs, by a leader of the Sustainable Sites Initiative.

Wells, Malcolm. Recovering America: A More Gentle Way to Build. Malcolm Wells, 1999.Aerial photographs of modern building practices, contrasted with photographs and watercolors illustrating green, regenerative alternatives. Text is handwritten.

Whitson, Alan and Jerry Yudelson. 365 Important Questions to Ask about Green Buildings. Portland, OR: Corporate Realty, Design & Management Institute, Inc., 2003.

Williams, Daniel E. Sustainable Design: Ecology, Architecture, and Planning. New York: John Wiley, 2007.A holistic guide to sustainable buildings and cities for designers and planners that begins with a thorough overview of the principles of sustainability and green building design. Includes case studies.

Yudelson, Jerry. Green Building A to Z: Understanding the Language of Green Building. Gabriola Island, BC: New Society Publishers, 2007.Green building concepts and terms, primarily arranged alphabetically as in an encyclopedia.

WebsitesAmerican Society of Heating, Refrigeration, and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE). http://www.ashrae.org

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Professional organization of architects, engineers, and technicians with a focus on building systems, energy efficiency, indoor air quality, and refrigeration. Publishes standards and guidelines; conducts research and offers training.

Architecture 2030. http://architecture2030.org Nonprofit organization with the goal of dramatic reduction in greenhouse gas emissions in the building sector by establishing targets for new construction and renovation. The organization’s 2030 Challenge has been adopted by numerous U.S. cities, states, and universities and the federal government.

ASHRAE: High Performing Buildings magazine. http://www.hpbmagazine.org/BREEAM. http://www.breeam.org/ BuildingGreen. http://www2.buildinggreen.com/

An organization for building industry professionals. Membership includes a subscription to Environmental Building news; a library of online courses, articles, reports, and webcasts which qualify for continuing education credits; a database of high-performance building case studies; GreenSpec, a product database; and LEEDUser, including checklists, examples, and detailed explanations for all versions of LEED. BuildingGreen Blogs and weekly newsletter are available free of charge.

Empire State Building renovation. http://www.esbnyc.com/sustainability_energy_efficiency.aspAn energy-efficiency retrofit project in New York City’s most iconic building that saved its owners millions of dollars in energy costs, increased its real estate value, and enhanced the quality of life for building users.

Environmental Building News. http://www.buildinggreen.com A monthly newsletter for building industry professionals with authoritative information on environmentally responsible design and construction. A publication of BuildingGreen.com and available to members in electronic form. Weekly email newsletter is free of charge.

Fatal Light Awareness Program. http://www.flap.org/An organization in Canada working to safeguard migratory birds. Provides education and research about bird-safe design, and rescue and rehabilitation for injured birds.

GreenBookLive. http://www.greenbooklive.com/Life-cycle assessment of building materials in the UK. Includes information about ISO 14001 and BREEAM certification.

Green Roofs for Healthy Cities. http://www.greenroofs.org/ A nonprofit industry organization for green roofs and walls. Provides training courses, separate course manuals, certification, conferences, technical papers, and a quarterly journal.

International Dark Sky Association. http://www.darksky.org/ Nonprofit organization that works to preserve dark night skies to protect wildlife and prevent light pollution. Provides advocacy and education.

Living Building Challenge. http://living-future.org/lbc A rating system with the goal of moving beyond LEED Platinum toward buildings and sites which are regenerative and sustainable.

New York City: Sustainable Urban Site Design Manual. http://www.nyc.gov/html/ddc/html/design/sustainable_home.shtmlA manual for designers, developers, and builders. Categorizes site challenges and provides design strategies in a methodical approach.

Noise Pollution Clearinghouse. http://www.nonoise.org/

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Nonprofit organization to foster awareness of noise-related issues. Provides advocacy campaigns, education, and links to related resources.

Rocky Mountain Institute: Reinventing Fire: Buildings. http://www.rmi.org/buildingsA category within the research-based initiative of the Rocky Mountain Institute, Reinventing Fire, which performs in-house analysis and modeling and proposes large-scale solutions to government leaders, businesses, the military, and others. Other categories include Electricity, Transportation, and Industry.

Sustainable Sites Initiative. http://www.sustainablesites.org/A program that offers evidence-based guidelines and performance benchmarks for designers and planners. Developers of the SITES v2 Rating System and Reference Guide, a rating system for sites, parts of which have been incorporated into LEED.

University of Michigan Center for Sustainable Systems: Fact Sheet: Commercial Buildings, 2012. http://css.snre.umich.edu/factsOne of a series of two-page factsheets on a range of sustainability topics, produced and updated regularly by the University of Michigan.

U.S. Department of Energy Buildings Energy Data Book. http://buildingsdatabook.eren.doe.gov/ChapterIntro6.aspx Statistics on residential and commercial energy consumption in building construction and operation, available online or in downloadable spreadsheets.

U.S. EPA: Green Building. http://www.epa.gov/greenbuilding/pubs/about.htm U.S. Green Building Council. http://www.usgbc.org/

Nonprofit organization focused on sustainable building design and construction. Developers of the LEED building rating system.

U.S. Green Building Council: LEED. http://www.usgbc.org/leedWebsite that explains what LEED is, including descriptions of the rating systems and each rating system’s categories. Rating systems can be downloaded here. Whole Building Design Guide. http://www.wbdg.org/ A program of the National Institute of Building Sciences, with funding from several U.S. government agencies. Provides a portal to a range of building-related information and offers online continuing education courses for designers.

Whole Building Design Guide: Solar Water Heating. http://www.wbdg.org/resources/swheating.php

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11. Livable Cities

Articles, Chapters, and Papers

Ash, Caroline, Barbara R. Jasny, Leslie Roberts, Richard Stone, and Andrew M. Sudden. “Reimagining Cities.” Science, vol. 319 no. 5864 (February 8, 2008): 739.The introduction to a special issue of the journal Science, focused on cities and urbanization.

Atelier Dreiseitl. “Bishan Park and Kallang River.” Atelier Dreiseitl, March 16, 2012, 1–9.A report on the transformation of a reach of the Kallang River in Singapore from a concrete drainage channel into a dynamic natural stream system with a people-friendly park.

Belsky, Eric S. “Planning for Inclusive and Sustainable Urban Development.” In State of the World 2012: Moving Toward Sustainable Prosperity, Worldwatch Institute, 38–52. Washington, DC: Island Press, 2012.Incorporating social equity into urban planning.

Gilbert, Richard and Anthony Perl. “Transportation in the Post-Carbon World.” In The Post Carbon Reader: Managing the 21st Century’s Sustainability Crises, eds. Richard Heinberg and Daniel Lerch, 347–60. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 2010.A look at potential transportation alternatives, including some new uses of technology.

Grdadolnik, Helena. “Garden City.” Canadian Architect, November 11, 2005. http://www.canadianarchitect.com/news/garden-city/1000199577/The story of the regeneration of the Mole Hill neighborhood in Vancouver, BC.

Hartman, M., M. B. Knell, and J. W. Witherspoon. Masdar City’s Integrated Approach to Sustainability, 104–17. Cambridge, MA: Proceedings, Cities of the Future 2010 conference, March 7–10, 2010.

International Council for Local Environmental Initiatives (ICLEI). “Case Study 77: Curitiba: Orienting Urban Planning to Sustainability.” Toronto, ON: ICLEI, 2002. http://www.iclei.org.br/polics/CD/P2_4_Estudos de Caso/1_Planejamento Urbano/PDF106_EC77_Curitiba_ing.PDFA study of why Curitiba was successful, from ICLEI—Local Governments for Sustainability.

Karlenzig, Warren. “The Death of Sprawl: Designing Urban Resilience for the Twenty-First-Century Resource and Climate Crises.” In The Post Carbon Reader: Managing the 21st Century’s Sustainability Crises, eds. Richard Heinberg and Daniel Lerch, 295–313. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 2010.A survey of the history of urban and exurban sprawl and subsequent trend toward livable, resilient cities.

Kaufmann, John. “Local Government in a Time of Peak Oil and Climate Change.” In The Post Carbon Reader: Managing the 21st Century’s Sustainability Crises, eds. Richard Heinberg and Daniel Lerch, 335–44. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 2010.The role and suggested approaches of government in planning for a post-carbon future.

Kennedy, Christopher, John Cuddihy, and Joshua Engel-Yan. “The Changing Metabolism of Cities.” Journal of Industrial Ecology, vol. 11 no. 2 (April 2007): 43–59. doi: 10.1162/jie.2007.1107An analysis of data from various urban areas, which views water, energy, materials, and nutrient flows as metabolism, and finds per capita metabolism increasing.

Levin, Kelly. “Developed Nations Must Cut Emissions in Half by 2020, Says New Study.” WRI Insights, World Resources Institute, March 6, 2013.

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http://insights.wri.org/news/2013/03/developed-nations-must-reduce-emissions-half-2020-says-new-study

Lind, Diana. “Information and Communications Technologies Creating Livable, Equitable, Sustainable Cities.” In State of the World 2012: Moving Toward Sustainable Prosperity, Worldwatch Institute, 66–76. Washington, DC: Island Press, 2012.

Melia, Steve. “On the Road to Sustainability: Transport and Carfree Living in Freiburg.” Bristol: UWE Faculty of the Built Environment, 2006.

Newman, Peter. “Building the Cities of the Future.” In State of the World 2010: Transforming Cultures From Consumerism to Sustainability, Worldwatch Institute, 133–37. New York: W.W. Norton, 2010.Policy approaches for more livable cities.

Nobis, C. “The Impact of Car-free Housing Districts on Mobility Behaviour: Case Study.” In, International Conference on Sustainable Planning and Development, eds. E. Beriatos, C. A. Brebbia, H. Coccossis and A. Kungolos, 701–20. WIT, 2003.

Norman, Jonathan, Heather L. McLean, and Christopher A. Kennedy. “Comparing High and Low Residential Density: Life-cycle Analysis of Energy Use and Greenhouse Gas Emissions.” Journal of Urban Planning and Development, March 2006, 10–21.

Orr, David. “Resilience, Security, and Education.” Plenary presentation, annual conference of Association for the Advancement of Sustainability in Higher Education, October 10, 2011.

Partridge, Margaret. “Case Study: Environmental Planning of Dockside Green, Victoria, BC.” First Carbon Solutions, February 12, 2013. http://info.firstcarbonsolutions.com/blog/bid/263793/Case-Study-Environmental-Planning-of-Dockside-Green-Victoria-BCA study of an industrial brownfield which was redeveloped into a LEED-ND Platinum neighborhood.

Pickett, S. T. A., M. L. Cadenassso, and J. M. Grove. “Resilient Cities: Meaning, Models, and Metaphor for Integrating the Ecological, Socio-Economic, and Planning Realms.” Landscape and Urban Planning, vol. 69 no. 4 (2004): 369–84.A theoretical examination of ways to link ecology and planning disciplines using “cities of resilience” as a metaphor.

Popper, Deborah E. and Frank J. Popper. “Smart Decline in Post-Carbon Cities: The Buffalo Commons Meets Buffalo, New York.” In The Post Carbon Reader: Managing the 21st Century’s Sustainability Crises, eds. Richard Heinberg and Daniel Lerch, 314–21. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 2010.The role of new ways of thinking in addressing urban changes in areas such as the U.S. Midwest, with the Buffalo Commons program as a constructive example.

Replogle, Michael and Colin Hughes. “Moving Toward Sustainable Transport.” In State of the World 2012: Moving Toward Sustainable Prosperity, Worldwatch Institute, 53–65. Washington, DC: Island Press, 2012.

Sustainable Development Solutions Network. “The Urban Opportunity: Enabling Transformative and Sustainable Development,” 2013. http://unsdsn.org/resources/publications/the-urban-opportunity-enabling-transformative-and-sustainable-development/ A background paper prepared by the Thematic Group on Sustainable Cities within the Sustainable Development Solutions Network, an initiative of the United Nations.

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Books

Agyeman, J. Sustainable Communities and the Challenge of Environmental Justice. New York: New York University Press, 2005.An examination of the differences between groups working toward sustainable communities and those working for environmental justice, and the ways they can work together.

Barlett, Peggy F., ed. Urban Place: Reconnecting with the Natural World. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2005.A collection of case studies and research on dimensions integrating the natural world into urban settings and establishing connections between humans and nature, illustrated by successful case studies.

Beatley, Timothy. Biophilic Cities: Integrating Nature into Urban Design and Planning. Washington, DC: Island Press, 2010.A guide to integrating living systems into the fabric of a city, addressing the innate human need for connection to the natural world. Offers theory together with practical design and planning tools.

Benedict, Mark A. and Edward T. McMahon. Green Infrastructure: Linking Landscapes and Communities. Washington, DC: Island Press, 2006.

Benton-Short, Lisa and John Rennie Short. Cities and Nature, 2nd ed. London: Routledge, 2013.Historical survey of relationship between cities and nature, with examinations of modern efforts toward more sustainable cities.

Boswell, Michael R., Adrienne I. Greve, and Tammy L. Seale. Local Climate Action Planning. Washington, DC: Island Press, 2012.A detailed guide to the steps involved in developing climate action plans.

Bulkeley, H., V. Castán Broto, M. Hodson, and S. Marvin, eds. Cities and Low Carbon Transitions. London: Routledge, 2010.Analysis of the role of cities in energy transitions, including aspects of technology and social equity.

Cambridge Systematics, Inc. Moving Cooler: An Analysis of Transportation Strategies for Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions. Washington, DC: Urban Land Institute, 2009.Detailed analyses of a range of transportation policy scenarios, with costs, climate impacts, and other data.

Condon, Patrick M. Design Charrettes for Sustainable Communities. Washington, DC: Island Press, 2007.A step-by-step guide for collaborative community process and participation using charrettes.

——. Seven Rules for Sustainable Communities: Design Strategies for the Post-Carbon World. Washington, DC: Island Press, 2010.Principles for smart growth and walkable cities with an emphasis on transportation, particularly streetcars and interconnected road systems.

Design Centre for Sustainability. Greater Vancouver Green Guide: Seeding Sustainability. Vancouver: Design Centre for Sustainability, University of British Columbia, 2006.A still-useful travel guide to sustainability examples in the city of Vancouver.

Ewing, Reid and Keith Bartholomew. Pedestrian- and Transit-Oriented Design. Washington, DC: Urban Land Institute and American Planning Association, 2013. Design principles and details to create walkable, transit-oriented development for designers, with color illustrations, local code examples, and case studies. Presented in hierarchical order for essential, highly desirable, and worthwhile features.

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Ewing, Reid, et al. Growing Cooler: The Evidence on Urban Development and Climate Change. Washington, DC: Urban Land Institute, 2008.Research on the role of transportation and urban development in climate change and climate mitigation with technical details about transportation planning, clearly illustrated by color photographs, graphs, and diagrams.

Faga, Barbara. Designing Public Consensus: The Civic Theater of Community Participation for Architects, Landscape Architects, Planners, and Urban Designers. New York: John Wiley, 2006.Clear explanations of collaborative community participation processes, with case studies.

Farr, Douglas. Sustainable Urbanism: Urban Design with Nature. New York: John Wiley, 2008.Comprehensive overview of the principles of smart growth and sustainable urbanism, by the chair of the LEED for Neighborhood Development (LEED-ND) initiative.

Girardet, Herbert. Cities People Planet: Urban Development and Climate Change, 2nd ed. New York: John Wiley, 2008.International case studies on urbanization.

Hart, Maureen. Guide to Sustainable Community Indicators, 2nd ed. West Hartford, CT: Sustainable Measures, 2006.A highly useful, nuts-and-bolts guide to setting up and measuring indicators at the community scale, with examples. Can be ordered from Sustainable Measures; typically not available in bookstores.

Heinberg, Richard and Daniel Lerch, eds. The Post Carbon Reader: Managing the 21st Century’s Sustainability Crises. Healdsburg, CA: Watershed Media, 2010.This thoughtful collection of papers by recognized experts is one of the clearest and most comprehensive books on sustainability issues, potential solutions, and interconnectedness. Topics include sustainability concepts, climate, water, biodiversity, food, population, culture, energy, economics, cities, transportation, waste, health, education, and resilience.

Hester, Randolph T. Design for Ecological Democracy. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2010.Describes how to combine ecology, planning, design, policy, and participatory democracy to create cities that are socially just, healthy, and pleasant for everyone.

Hough, Michael. Cities and Natural Process. London: Routledge, 1994.Jacobs, Jane. The Death and Life of Great American Cities. New York: Random House, 1961.

The classic and influential work on urban planning, which introduced the ideas of mixed use, walkable streets, and what the author called “eyes on the street.”

——. The Economy of Cities. New York: Random House, 1969.James, Sarah and Torbjorn Lahti. The Natural Step for Communities: How Cities and Towns Can

Change to Sustainable Practices. Gabriola Island, BC: New Society Publishers, 2004.A handbook for applying the principles of The Natural Step framework to communities.

Lerch, Daniel. Post Carbon Cities: Planning for Energy and Climate Uncertainty. Sebastopol, CA: Post Carbon Press, 2008.A succinct manual for planners and political leaders with an efficient, user-friendly layout. Provides an accessible and comprehensive overview of the implications of climate change and peak oil, and guidelines for preparing communities to thrive in a post-carbon future.

Mees, Paul. Transport for Suburbia: Beyond the Automobile Age. London: Earthscan, 2010.Practical details for implementing sustainable transportation systems and writing public policy, with good coverage of historical precedents.

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Newman, Peter, Timothy Beatley, and Heather Boyer. Resilient Cities: Responding to Peak Oil and Climate Change. Washington, DC: Island Press, 2009.Clear and detailed discussion of the role of cities in reducing dependence on fossil fuels, with strategies for urban structure, sustainable transportation systems, and livable cities.

Novotny, Vladimir and Paul Brown, eds. Cities of the Future. London: IWA Publishing, 2007.Novotny, Vladimir, Jack Ahern, and Paul Brown. Water Centric Sustainable Communities:

Planning, Retrofitting and Building the Next Urban Environment. New York: John Wiley, 2010.A handbook for planning and transforming cities through the framework of integrated water systems, with strategies including wastewater, stormwater, green roofs, permeable paving, stream restoration, transportation, and social equity, illustrated by case studies.

Palazzo, Danilo and Frederick R. Steiner. Urban Ecological Design: A Process for Regenerative Places. Washington, DC: Island Press, 2012. Describes steps in the urban design process, with a focus on sustainability, for designers and planners.

Perlman, Dan L. and Jeffrey C. Milder. Practical Ecology for Planners, Developers, and Citizens. Washington, DC: Island Press, 2004.

Randolph, John. Environmental Land Use Planning and Management, 2nd ed. Washington, DC: Island Press, 2011.A comprehensive textbook for environmental and watershed planning.

Register, Richard. EcoCities: Rebuilding Cities in Balance with Nature. Gabriola Island, BC: New Society Publishers, 2006.

Renne, John L. and Billy Fields, eds. Transport Beyond Oil: Policy Choices for a Multimodal Future. Washington, DC: Island Press, 2013.Strategies for reducing dependence on fossil fuels through land use decisions, transit-oriented development, public transit, walkable and bikeable streets, high-speed rail, and optimized freight transport, with policy measures.

Sarte, S. Bry. Sustainable Infrastructure: The Guide to Green Engineering and Design. New York: John Wiley, 2010.An overview of the planning and design processes for water management, and low-impact design, renewable energy power supplies, green streets, and transportation planning, with information about master planning and design guidelines. Illustrated by diagrams and photographs of projects from the author’s design firm.

Slavin, Matthew I., ed. Sustainability in America’s Cities: Creating the Green Metropolis. Washington, DC: Island Press, 2011.A collection of case studies of cities which are integrating green infrastructure into the human world.

Stoyke, Godo. The Carbon Charter: Blueprint for a Carbon-Free Future. Gabriola Island, BC: New Society Publishers, 2009.

Theis, Tom and Jonathan Tomkin, eds. Sustainability: A Comprehensive Foundation. Houston, TX: Connexions, Rice University, 2012.

An introductory overview of a range of topics in the field, available for download. Toor, Will and Spenser W. Havlick. Transportation and Sustainable Campus Communities.

Washington, DC: Island Press, 2004.A comprehensive review of the concepts and methods of transportation demand management.

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UN Habitat. State of the World’s Cities 2012/2013. London: Earthscan, 2006.Watson, Donald and Michele Adams. Design for Flooding: Architecture, Landscape, and Urban

Design for Resilience to Climate Change. New York: John Wiley, 2011.A technical guide to climate change adaptation for designers and planners.

Wells, Malcolm. Infra Structures. Brewster, MA: Malcolm Wells, 1994.A beautiful, small book with photographs of steel and concrete infrastructure contrasted with watercolors illustrating regenerative visions of the same places embedded in living plants.

Wheeler, Stephen M. Planning for Sustainability: Creating Livable, Equitable and Ecological Communities, 2nd ed. New York: Routledge, 2013.An introduction to urban planning theory for livable cities.

Williams, Daniel E. Sustainable Design: Ecology, Architecture, and Planning. New York: John Wiley, 2007.A holistic guide to sustainable buildings and cities for designers and planners that begins with a thorough overview of the principles of sustainability and green building design. Includes case studies.

Websites

America 2050. http://www.america2050.org/ A nonprofit planning and policy program for infrastructure.

American Planning Association. http://www.planning.org/ The professional organization for U.S. urban and regional planners. Publishes books on planning, conducts research, and provides certification, education, and other resources.

American Planning Association: Creating Community-Based Brownfield Redevelopment Strategies. http://www.planning.org/research/brownfields/index.htm

Building Resilient Regions. http://brr.berkeley.edu/Assessing and cultivating social resilience. Part of the Institute of Governmental Studies at the University of California, Berkeley.

Bureau of Transportation Statistics, U.S. Department of Transportation. http://www.rita.dot.gov/bts/

C40 Cities: Clinton Climate Leadership Group. http://www.c40cities.org/Global network of megacities working toward climate mitigation.

Center for Transit-Oriented Development. http://www.reconnectingamerica.org/public/todCongress for the New Urbanism. http://www.cnu.org/

An organization of architects and planners organized around the principles of New Urbanism, documented in their publication Charter of the New Urbanism.

Dockside Green. www.docksidegreen.com An industrial brownfield in Victoria, British Columbia which was redeveloped into a LEED-ND Platinum neighborhood.

Ewing, Reid and Keith Bartholomew. Pedestrian- and Transit-Oriented Design. Washington, DC: Urban Land Institute and American Planning Association, 2013. Appendices with research data on travel literature, visual preference surveys, pricing, traffic safety, and transit-oriented development literature, plus an extensive bibliography can be downloaded at http://www.lib.utah.edu/pedtransit

ICLEI. Local Governments for Sustainability. http://www.iclei.org/ A consortium of worldwide cities, towns, and urban regions. Tools and resources for community resilience and climate action planning.

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Masdar City: Masdar City Website. http://www.masdarcity.ae National Complete Streets Coalition. http://www.completestreets.org/ LEED for Neighborhood Development (LEED-ND). http://www.usgbc.org/leed/ndLincoln Institute of Land Policy. http://www.lincolninst.edu/

Nonprofit organization focused on land use, regulation, and taxation. Provides research, policy evaluations, publications, training, conferences, and support for demonstration projects.

National Charrette Institute. http://www.charretteinstitute.orgNew York City Street Design Manual.

http://www.nyc.gov/html/dot/html/about/streetdesignmanual.shtmlA comprehensive resource for design standards, guidelines, and policies for the City of New York.

Oberlin Project. http://www.oberlinproject.org/ A partnership among the City of Oberlin, the utility, Oberlin College, and local businesses with the goal of transitioning to a resilient, self-sustaining community based on a green arts district, renewable energy sources, a greenbelt of productive farmland and sustainable forestry, and an educational consortium.

Oregon Encyclopedia: “Land Use Planning.” Portland State University. http://oregonencyclopedia.org/articles/land_use_planning/

Article describing the history of Oregon Senate Bill 100, a 1973 land use law designed to preserve agricultural and forest land through urban growth boundaries.

Rails-to-Trails Conservancy. http://www.railstotrails.org/ A U.S. non-profit organization that works to transform former rail lines and connecting corridors into a nationwide network of trails.

Smart Communities Network, National Center for Appropriate Technology. http://www.smartcommunities.ncat.org/ A website that is no longer maintained but that has been kept active, with links to various resources.

Smart Growth Network. http://www.smartgrowth.org/ A coalition of nonprofit and governmental organizations that serves as a forum for collaboration.

Sustainable South Bronx. http://www.ssbx.org/An environmental justice organization that works to address economic and environmental issues through a combination of green job training, community greening programs, and social enterprise.

Transportation Demand Management, Victoria Transport Policy Institute. http://www.vtpi.org/tdm A detailed and comprehensive resource for efficient transportation planning using transportation demand management, known as the Online TDM Encyclopedia.

UN-Habitat. http://unhabitat.org/ The United Nations program that deals with urban challenges and solutions.

University of Michigan Center for Sustainable Systems: Fact Sheet: Personal Transportation, 2012. http://css.snre.umich.edu/facts

University of Michigan Center for Sustainable Systems: Fact Sheet: U.S. Cities, 2012. http://css.snre.umich.edu/facts

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From a series of two-page factsheets on a range of sustainability topics, produced and updated regularly by the University of Michigan.

Vauban District, Freiburg, Germany. http://www.vauban.de/ Victoria Transport Policy Institute: Online TDM Encyclopedia. http://www.vtpi.org/tdm/

See “Transportation Demand Management.”World Resources Institute: Cities & Transport. http://www.wri.org/our-work/topics/cities-

transport Reports, data, and other information about global research on smart urban growth.

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12. Food

Articles, Chapters, and Papers

Aiken, William. “Ethical Issues in Agriculture.” In Earthbound: Introductory Essays in Environmental Ethics, ed. Tom Regan, 247–88. Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press, 1984.An early essay about the environmental impacts of a meat diet.

Allen, Erika. “Growing Community Food Systems.” In The Post Carbon Reader: Managing the 21st Century’s Sustainability Crises, eds. Richard Heinberg and Daniel Lerch, 140–50. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 2010.Providing access to healthy food in every community, including disadvantaged neighborhoods, with successful examples from Chicago.

Altieri, Miguel A. and Fernando R. Funes-Monzote. “The Paradox of Cuban Agriculture.” Monthly Review, January 2012.

Ballantyne, Coco. “Not All Sugars are Created Equal.” Health & Medicine, ScientificAmerican.com, April 20, 2009.

Belson, Ken. “The Rooftop Garden Climbs Down a Wall.” New York Times, November 19, 2009.

Biello, David. “Biofuels are Bad for Feeding People and Combating Climate Change.” Scientific American, February 2008.Discusses problems associated with corn ethanol as a fuel.

Bomford, Michael. “Getting Fossil Fuels Off the Plate.” In The Post Carbon Reader: Managing the 21st Century’s Sustainability Crises, eds. Richard Heinberg and Daniel Lerch, 119–27. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 2010.Strategies for low-carbon food, including using organic farming in place of nitrogen fertilizer, using low-energy greenhouses, and growing food close to where it is eaten.

Carter, Anna Marie. “Seeds of Justice, Seeds of Hope.” YES! Magazine, March 31, 2003. ——. “Seeds of Justice, Seeds of Hope.” In Chicken Soup for the Soul: Stories for a Better

World, Jack Canfield et al., Deerfield Beach, FL: Health Communications, 2005. The inspiring story of the founder of the Watts Garden Club, known as “The Seed Lady.”

CERT (Corporation for Educational Radio and Television). “Food From the ‘Hood.” http://www.certnyc.org/ffth.html. The story of Food from the ‘Hood, a nonprofit organization of high school students in South Central Los Angeles who produce organic food products, learn business skills, and earn college scholarships.

ChangeLab Solutions. “Seeding the City: Land Use Policies to Promote Urban Agriculture.” http://changelabsolutions.org A nonprofit organization of lawyers, planners, and other professionals which researches and drafts model laws and policies.

Cimitile, Matthew. “Corn Ethanol Will Not Cut Greenhouse Gas Emissions.” Scientific American, April 2009.

Claessens, Marilyn. “An Ecological Neighborhood.” The Berkeley Daily Planet, June 17, 2000.De Schutter, Olivier. “The Transformative Potential of the Right to Food.” Final report to the

United Nations General Assembly Human Rights Council. January 24, 2014.

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A report by the Special Rapporteur on the right to food, noting that the existing food system needs urgent reform and promoting agroecology as a sustainable alternative to the existing framework.

Ehrenberg, Rachel. “It’s the Meat, Not the Miles.” Science News, vol. 173 no. 17 (May 24, 2008).Report on a study which shows that transport is a small percentage of greenhouse gas emissions relative to emissions resulting from the production of meat.

FamilyFarmed. “Building Successful Food Hubs: A Business Planning Guide for Aggregation and Processing Local Foods in Illinois.” FamilyFarmed.org, 2012. http://www.familyfarmed.org/

Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations. “Food Security Indicators.” http://www.fao.org/economic/ess/ess-fs/fs-data/en/ A database of statistics on availability, access, utilization, and stability of food across regions and over time.

——. “Livestock Impacts on the Environment.” Spotlight, November 2006. http://www.fao.org/ag/magazine/0612sp1.htm

——. “Livestock’s Long Shadow: Environmental Issues and Options.” Rome: FAO, 2006.http://www.fao.org/docrep/010/a0701e/a0701e00.HTM A United Nations report on the serious environmental impacts of livestock, with recommendations for policy strategies to address mitigation.

——. “An Introduction to the Basic Concepts of Food Security.” EC-FAO Food Security Programme, 2008. http://www.foodsec.org/docs/concepts_guide.pdf.

——. Global Food Losses and Food Waste: Extent, Causes and Prevention. Rome: FAO, 2011.Goodland, Robert and Jeff Anhang. “Livestock Emissions: Still Grossly Underestimated?”

World Watch Magazine, vol. 23 no. 4 (July/August 2010).Green Roofs for Healthy Cities, Agriculture Issue. Living Architecture Monitor. Special issue,

Fall 2010.http://www.nxtbook.com/dawson/greenroofs/lam_2010fall/ Special issue focused on urban agriculture, from the journal of the nonprofit industry organization for green roofs and walls.

“Hope Takes Root.” Garden Ideas & Outdoor Living Magazine, Fall 2004. The story of the Watts Garden Club and an interview with its founder, Anna Marie Carter.

Jackson, Wes. “Tackling the Oldest Environmental Problem: Agriculture and Its Impact on Soil.” In The Post Carbon Reader: Managing the 21st Century’s Sustainability Crises, eds. Richard Heinberg and Daniel Lerch, 128–39. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 2010.An accessible narrative of the 10,000-year history of agriculture, its modern impacts on the planet, and a proposal for sustainable agriculture.

Khatchadourian, Raffi. “The Taste Makers: The Secret World of the Flavor Factory.” New Yorker, November 23, 2009: 85–99.

Knoblauch, Jessica A. and Environmental Health News. “Some Food Additives Mimic Human Hormones.” Health & Medicine, ScientificAmerican.com, March 27, 2009.

Kresge, Lisa. “California Water Stewards: Innovative On-farm Water Management Practices.” Davis, CA: California Institute for Rural Studies, 2009.

Laurie Guevara-Stone. “La Revolucion Energetica: Cuba’s Energy Revolution.” Renewable Energy World Magazine, April 2009: 2.

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MacDonald, Mia. “Food Security and Equity in a Climate-Constrained World.” In State of the World 2012: Moving Toward Sustainable Prosperity, Worldwatch Institute, 161–68. Washington, DC: Island Press, 2012.

MacFarquhar, Neil. “Experts Worry about Feeding the World as Its Population Grows.” New York Times, October 22, 2009.

McKibben, Bill. “The Cuba Diet: What Will You Be Eating When the Revolution Comes?” Harper’s Magazine, April 2005. An engaging narrative about Cuba’s carbon-neutral food system.

McWilliams, James. “Meat Makes the Planet Thirsty.” New York Times, March 7, 2014, A19.An opinion column about the water footprint of livestock.

Mikhail, Monique. “Growing a Sustainable Future.” In State of the World 2012: Moving Toward Sustainable Prosperity, Worldwatch Institute, 153–60. Washington, DC: Island Press, 2012.

Murphy, Pat and Faith Morgan. “Cuba: Lessons from a Forced Decline.” In State of the World 2013: Is Sustainability Still Possible? Worldwatch Institute, 332–42. Washington, DC: Island Press, 2013.An examination of Cuba’s transition to an essentially carbon-neutral economic and social system.

Nelson, Melissa K. “Protecting the Sanctity of Native Foods.” In State of the World 2013: Is Sustainability Still Possible? Worldwatch Institute, 201–09. Washington, DC: Island Press, 2013.The role of native foods in preserving biological and cultural diversity in North and Central America.

Nierenberg, Danielle. Happier Meals: Rethinking the Global Meat Industry. Worldwatch Paper 121. Worldwatch Institute, 2005.A report on the multiple environmental impacts of factory farming, with proposals for alternatives.

——. “Agriculture: Growing Food—and Solutions.” In State of the World 2013: Is Sustainability Still Possible? Worldwatch Institute, 190–200. Washington, DC: Island Press, 2013.A discussion of the challenges in global food and agricultural systems and the potentials for reform through strategies including agroecology and promoting social equity.

Normander, Bo. “Urban Farmers Can Reduce Biodiversity Loss.” In State of the World 2012: Moving Toward Sustainable Prosperity, Worldwatch Institute, 173. Washington, DC: Island Press, 2012.

Pérez, Louis A., Jr. “Cuba’s Special Period.” Cuba: Between Reform & Revolution. http://HistoryofCuba.com

Perkins, Sid. “A Thirst for Meat: Changes in Diet, Rising Population May Strain China’s Water Supply.” Science News, vol 173 no. 3 (January 19, 2008): 36.

Pirog, Rich and Andrew Benjamin. “Checking the Food Odometer: Comparing Food Miles for Local Versus Conventional Produce Sales to Iowa Institutions,” Leopold Center for Sustainable Agriculture. Ames: Iowa State University, July 2003.

The influential research from Iowa State University from which the term “food miles” originated.

Raloff, Janet. “The Costs of Meat and Fish.” Science News. March 13, 2008. http://www.sciencenews.org/view/generic/id/31349/description/The_Costs_of_Meat_and_Fish

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——. “AAAS: Carbon-Friendly Dining … Meats: The Carbon Footprints of Raising Livestock for Food.” Science News, February 15, 2009. http://www.sciencenews.org/view/generic/id/40934/description/AAAS_Climate-friendly_dining__meats

Raver, Anne. “The Dead Zone Starts (Or Stops) Here.” Landscape Architecture Magazine, November 2012: 89–103.An analysis of nitrogen fertilizer’s impact on life in the Gulf of Mexico and a detailed proposal to reduce nitrate runoff through restored wetlands.

Rosner, Hillary. “Return of the Natives.” Scientific American, September 2013: 70–75.A report on research suggesting that restoring wild habitat near farms could revive native bee species, of which there are thousands, mitigating U.S. reliance on the domesticated European honeybee and saving the agricultural system from collapse.

Sachs, Jeffrey. “Transgressing Planetary Boundaries.” Scientific American, vol. 301 (December 2009): 36.Discussion of the triple threats of population growth, food scarcity, and the environmental consequences of food production, and the public policy changes needed to address these challenges, by a leading economist and sustainable development expert.

Scarborough, Peter, et al. “Dietary Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Meat-Eaters, Fish-Eaters, Vegetarians and Vegans in the UK.” Climatic Change, June 11, 2014. doi: 10.1007/s10584-014-1169-1. http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs10584-014-1169-1A study of daily diets in the UK which quantifies the carbon emissions of individual foods and of typical daily diets.

Scherr, Sara J. and Sajal Sthapit. “Farming and Land Use to Cool the Planet.” In State of the World 2009: Into a Warming World, Worldwatch Institute, 30–50. New York: W.W. Norton, 2009.

Steinfeld, Henning, Pierre Gerber, Tom Wassenaar, Vincent Castel, Maricio Rosales, and Cees de Haan. “Livestock’s Long Shadow: Environmental Issues and Options.” Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2006. http://www.fao.org/docrep/010/a0701e/a0701e00.HTMA United Nations report on the serious environmental impacts of livestock, with recommendations for policy strategies to address mitigation.

Stuart, Susan M. “Lifting Spirits: Creating Gardens in California Domestic Violence Shelters.” In Urban Place: Reconnecting with the Natural World, ed. Peggy F. Barlett, chapter 3. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2005.

Thompson, William. “Lots in Common.” Landscape Architecture Magazine, August 2000: 52–59. The story of the Peralta and Northside Community Gardens in Berkeley, California.

Townsend, Alan R. and Robert W. Howarth. “Fixing the Global Nitrogen Problem.” Scientific American, vol. 302 (February 2010): 64–71.Research on the growing impacts of nitrogen pollution from industrial smokestacks, vehicle exhaust, and synthetic fertilizer, with a discussion of mitigation strategies.

USDA Economic Research Service (ERS). “Definitions of Food Security.” 2012. http://www.ers.usda.gov/topics/food-nutrition-assistance/food-security-in-the-us/definitions-of-food-security.aspx

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Wooten, Heather and Amy Ackerman. “Seeding the City: Land Use Policies to Promote Urban Agriculture.” Public Health Law & Policy, October 2011. http://www.phlpnet.org/childhood-obesity/products/urgan-ag-toolkit

Books

Abi-Nader, Jeanette, David Buckley, Kendall Dunnigan, and Kristen Markley. Growing Communities: How to Build Community Through Community Gardening. Columbus, OH: ACGA, n.d.

The Growing Communities Curriculum from the American Community Gardening Association (ACGA). This detailed manual for community organizers describes strategies for building community, workshop facilitation, creating a community garden organization, and fundraising, with workshop curricula and handouts. Available from the ACGA.

Ackerman-Leist, Philip. Rebuilding the Foodshed: How to Create Local, Sustainable, and Secure Food Systems. White River Junction, VT: Chelsea Green, 2013.A thorough discussion of how we provision ourselves, including technical details about social, environmental, and economic food issues together with a range of local solutions from a scholar in the field of sustainable agriculture.

Agyeman, Julian and Alison Hope Alkon, eds. Cultivating Food Justice: Race, Class, and Sustainability. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2011.An examination of environmental justice, food security, and sustainable agriculture.

Allen, Will, Diana Balmori, and Fritz Haeg. Edible Estates: Attack on the Front Lawn, 2nd ed. New York: Metropolis Books, 2010.A collection of examples and personal stories, with essays by authorities on the subject of edible landscapes.

Barilla Center for Food & Nutrition and the Worldwatch Institute. Eating Planet 2012: Nutrition Today, a Challenge for Mankind and for the Planet. Parma: Barilla Center for Food & Nutrition, 2012.An analysis of the cultural value of food, production and consumption, the effects of food production on human health, the effects of food production on the environment, and potential solutions to these issues. Contributors include leading scholars, activists, and political leaders.

Brown, Lester R. Plan B 4.0: Mobilizing to Save Civilization. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, 2009.Written by the prolific and influential Lester Brown, founder and president of the Earth Policy Institute, founder and former president of the Worldwatch Institute, this is a comprehensive and thoroughly researched analysis of the environmental, social, and economic challenges facing the planet together with a plan for how to address them, which Brown tells us must be done “with wartime speed.”

——. World on the Edge: How to Prevent Environmental and Economic Collapse. New York: W.W. Norton, 2011.An update of Brown’s Plan B 4.0, this is a comprehensive and thoroughly researched analysis of the environmental, social, and economic challenges facing the planet, with a focus on urgently needed solutions.

Bruges, James. The Biochar Debate: Charcoal’s Potential to Reverse Climate Change and Build Soil Fertility. White River Junction, VT: Chelsea Green, 2010.

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An overview of the use of biochar, charcoal made by pyrolysis, for soil fertility and carbon sequestration, including historical background, issues, and benefits.

Cockrall-King, Jennifer. Food and the City: Urban Agriculture and the New Food Revolution. Amherst, NY: Prometheus Books, 2012.A survey of successful local food systems in cities around the world.

Conway, Gordon. One Billion Hungry: Can We Feed the World? Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2012.An examination of the environmental, economic, social, and political issues of global hunger, with a discussion of the roles of science, planning, and policy in finding evidence-based solutions.

Creasy, Rosalind. The Complete Book of Edible Landscaping, 2nd ed. San Francisco, CA: Sierra Club Books, 2010.Details about how to design and implement edible landscapes from an experienced and well-known designer of such spaces.

Falk, Ben. The Resilient Farm and Homestead. White River Junction, VT: Chelsea Green, 2013.A manual of permaculture principles and methods, illustrated by diagrams and color photographs.

FAO. The State Of the World’s Land and Water Resources for Food and Agriculture: Managing Systems at Risk. London: FAO and Earthscan, 2011.Thorough and clearly written analysis of trends, challenges, and solutions related to land and water resources for food production, with case studies from around the world. Includes land and water, socio-economic systems, technical options, and governance, with tables and maps that summarize findings.

Fukuoka, Masanobu. The One-Straw Revolution. New York: Rodale, 1978.The influential book about the innovative system of no-till farming, an agroecology approach which produced high yields without pesticides, fertilizers, or tilling.

Funes, Fernando, et al. Sustainable Agriculture and Resistance: Transforming Food Production in Cuba. Oakland, CA: Food First Books, 2002. Detailed accounts of the transformation of Cuban agriculture, written by Cuban researchers who have been participants in this work.

Haeg, Fritz, Will Allen, and Diana Balmori. Edible Estates: Attack on the Front Lawn, 2nd ed. New York: Metropolis Books, 2010.A collection of examples and personal stories, with essays by authorities on the subject of edible landscapes.

Heinberg, Richard and Daniel Lerch, eds. The Post Carbon Reader: Managing the 21st Century’s Sustainability Crises. Healdsburg, CA: Watershed Media, 2010.This thoughtful collection of papers by recognized experts is one of the clearest and most comprehensive books on sustainability issues, potential solutions, and interconnectedness. Topics include sustainability concepts, climate, water, biodiversity, food, population, culture, energy, economics, cities, transportation, waste, health, education, and resilience.

Hillel, Daniel. Out of the Earth: Civilization and the Life of the Soil. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1992.A history of humankind’s relationships with soil and a lyrical description of the processes and ecology of soil.

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Hodgson, Kimberly, Marcia Caton Campbell, and Martin Bailkey. Urban Agriculture: Growing Healthy, Sustainable Places. Washington, DC: American Planning Association Planning Advisory Service, 2011.A report on the varieties of urban agriculture in the U.S., with case studies and detailed guidance for planners.

Jackson, Wes. New Roots for Agriculture. Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press, 1980.A discussion of industrial agriculture and a proposal for growing food by working with natural systems in polycultural crops, without tilling, pesticides, or nitrogen fertilizer.

Johnson, Lorraine. City Farmer: Adventures in Urban Food Growing. Vancouver, BC: Greystone, 2010.A conversational book for the lay audience with examples of foraging, community gardens, and growing food in unused urban spaces.

Kimbrell, Andrew, ed. The Fatal Harvest Reader: The Tragedy of Industrial Agriculture. Washington, DC: Island Press, 2002.A look at the problems of industrial agriculture, with an unambiguous point of view.

Lyson, Thomas A., G. W. Stevenson, and Rick Welsh, eds. Food and the Mid-Level Farm. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2008.A technical examination of a scale of farm often overlooked, neither small nor industrial in scale, often referred to as the family farm.

Meadows, Donella, Jorgen Randers, and Dennis Meadows. Limits to Growth: The 30-Year Update. White River Junction, VT: Chelsea Green, 2004.An updated version of the scientifically rigorous and influential 1972 study by a team of systems analysts, which concluded that if current trends continued, the planet would reach its limits to growth within 100 years.

Millstone, Erik and Tim Lang. The Atlas of Food: Who Eats What, Where, and Why, updated edition. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 2013.An overview of environmental and social issues of global food and agriculture, with color diagrams, maps, and data tables that clarify the concepts.

Montgomery, David. Dirt: The Erosion of Civilizations. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 2007.An accessible and thorough history of the relationship between soil health and human civilizations.

Mougeot, Luc J. A. Growing Better Cities: Urban Agriculture for Sustainable Development. Ottawa, ON: International Development Research Centre, 2006.A review of the research conducted by the International Development Research Centre (IDRC) on urban agriculture in Africa and Latin America, with a focus on policy. Full text is available for download from IDRC at http://www.idrc.ca/EN/Resources/Publications/Pages/IDRCBookDetails.aspx?PublicationID=327.

Nestle, Marion. Food Politics: How the Food Industry Influences Nutrition and Health, 10th ed. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 2013.An examination of how the food industry influences U.S. policy, law, and governmental programs. The author is a public health and nutrition scholar and former nutrition policy advisor to the Department of Health and Human Services.

Nordahl, Darrin. Public Produce: The New Urban Agriculture. Washington, DC: Island Press, 2009.

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A discussion of opportunities for growing food on public land, including parks, rights of way, parking strips, and land around municipal facilities, with examples from around the U.S. Discusses a range of benefits and explores issues of maintenance and aesthetics.

Pollan, Michael. The Omnivore's Dilemma: A Natural History of Four Meals. New York: Penguin, 2007.An accessible journalistic investigation of the origins of the food on our plates, an exploration of the food industry, and proposals for alternatives.

Randers, Jorgen. 2052: A Global Forecast for the Next Forty Years. White River Junction, VT: Chelsea Green, 2012.A rigorous and data-driven assessment from one of the three co-authors of the seminal 1972 study Limits to Growth. Forty years after the publication of Limits to Growth, the author reviews and synthesizes research data from over 30 experts in a range of specialties, from which he develops plausible scenarios for changes in population, consumption, social structure, food, energy, and climate for the next 40 years.

Rich, Sarah C. Urban Farms. New York: Abrams, 2012.Photographic survey of urban agriculture from 16 sites across the U.S., with commentary.

Ruppental, R. J. Fresh Food from Small Spaces: The Square-Inch Gardener’s Guide to Year-Round Growing, Fermenting, and Sprouting. White River Junction, VT: Chelsea Green, 2008.A how-to book for gardeners.

Sinclair, Minor and Martha Thompson. Cuba: Going Against the Grain—Agricultural Crisis and Transformation. Boston, MA: Oxfam America, 2001.A report on the transformation of Cuban agriculture, written in its first decade. Available for download at http://dev.oxfamamerica.org/publications/cuba-going-against-the-grain.

Stibbe, Arran, ed. The Handbook of Sustainability Literacy: Skills for a Changing World. Devon, UK: Green Books, 2009.A collection of essays by experts in sustainability and other fields exploring the skills that will be needed in order to survive and thrive through the challenges of the coming century. Covers a range of sustainability topics including systems thinking, ecological literacy, and transition skills.

Viljoen, André, ed. CPULs: Continuous Productive Urban Landscapes. Oxford, UK: Architectural Press, 2005.A collection of studies on urban design which incorporates food production.

Wolfe, David W. Tales from the Underground: A Natural History of Subterranean Life. New York: Basic Books, 2001.A detailed and eye-opening look at the ecology of soil.

Worldwatch Institute. State of the World 2011: Innovations that Nourish the Planet. Washington, DC: Worldwatch Institute, 2011.State of the World reports are edited collections published annually by the authoritative Worldwatch Institute. Each edition explores a different sustainability theme with essays by recognized experts in their respective fields.

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Websites

American Community Gardening Association. http://www.communitygarden.org/Nonprofit organization of American and Canadian professionals and volunteers who work with community gardens. Provides advocacy, a conference, manuals, reports, model contracts, model land use agreements, and other online resources.

AmpleHarvest.org http://www.ampleharvest.org/A national database in the U.S. connecting gardeners and nearby food pantries.

City Farmer News. http://www.cityfarmer.info/. Nonprofit organization with resources for urban agriculture, featuring news and examples from around the world.

Community Food Security Coalition (CFSC). http://www.foodsecurity.org/Community Wealth: Local Food Systems. http://community-wealth.org/strategies/panel/urban-

ag/index.html Extensive collection of resources related to food hubs and local food systems, urban agriculture, and CSAs. Part of Community Wealth, a project of the Democracy Collaborative.

EcoSchool Design. http://www.ecoschools.com/ Links to resources for ecological schoolyards.

Edible Schoolyard. http://www.edibleschoolyard.org/An initiative for involving students in growing, preparing, and eating food. Offers advocacy, curricula, and other resources.

FAO: “FAOSTAT Statistical Database.” http://faostat.fao.org/Searchable database of statistics related to food and hunger, from the United Nations.

FAO: “An Introduction to the Basic Concepts of Food Security.” 2008. www.foodsec.org/docs/concepts_guide.pdf

Farm to School Network. http://www.farmtoschool.org/An initiative which works to connect schools with local farms; produce from farms provides local food and educational activities. Offers advocacy and searchable library of case studies and reports.

Food First Information and Action Network. http://www.foodfirst.orgNonprofit organization, also known as the Institute for Food and Development Policy, which provides advocacy, education, research, policy briefs, and other resources related to global food justice and food sovereignty.

FoodForward. http://foodforward.org/about/Grassroots organization in southern California that finds and distributes excess produce to people in need.

FoodHub. http://www.food-hub.org/Online clearinghouse from Ecotrust connecting farmers, ranchers, fishers, wholesale food buyers, food processors, and distributors in the Pacific Northwest of the U.S.

Incredible Edible Todmorden. http://www.incredible-edible-todmorden.co.uk/A group promoting access to local food in a variety of ways, including community gardens, school gardens, land share, food grown on public land, and food grown in unexpected places.

Institute for Agriculture and Trade Policy. http://www.iatp.org/Nonprofit U.S. research and advocacy organization that provides support for sustainable agriculture and trade systems through policy and practice.

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International Food Policy Research Institute. http://www.ifpri.org/Nonprofit organization conducts research on food, poverty, land grabs, trade, and other issues; publishes reports; provides advocacy.

Landshare. http://www.landshare.org/ A well-known garden-sharing program headquartered in the UK. In addition to a large registry of landowners and growers, the Land Partnerships program provides information, including the downloadable Land Partnerships Handbook, to help landowners and new farm entrepreneurs work together to create land-based businesses.

Leopold Center for Sustainable Agriculture. http://www.leopold.iastate.edu/Research and education center at Iowa State University.

Monterey Fish Market: “Sustainable Fisheries Guide.” http://www.montereyfish.com/media/pdfs/mfm_sustainblguide2011.pdf Illustrated overview of different fishing methods and their impacts.

National Family Farm Coalition. www.nffc.netAn advocacy group representing family farm and rural organizations in the U.S. Their work includes projects and policies to defend food sovereignty.

Not Far from the Tree. http://www.notfarfromthetree.org/aboutNonprofit organization in Toronto, Ontario that connects tree owners with excess fruit to volunteers who harvest. Food is divided among the tree owner, the volunteers, and community food banks.

Nourishing the Planet. http://blogs.worldwatch.org/nourishingtheplanet/A project of the Worldwatch Institute to assess the state of agricultural innovations worldwide, with a focus on sustainability, diversity, and ecosystem health.

People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA). http://www.peta.org/ International nonprofit organization dedicated to advocating for the rights of animals.

People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA): “Vegetarian Starter Kit.” http://www.peta.org/living/vegetarian-living/free-vegetarian-starter-kit.aspx Sample meal plans, menus, recipes, and advice about topics including holidays, restaurant dining, and health.

Polyface Farms. http://www.polyfacefarms.com/The farm featured in the book Omnivore’s Dilemma and the documentary film Food, Inc. Offers tours, education, speakers, and advocacy for sustainable farming.

Portland Fruit Tree Project. http://portlandfruit.org/ Nonprofit organization in Portland, Oregon that connects tree owners with excess fruit to volunteers who harvest. Food is shared with volunteers and local food banks. Activities include a Tree Registry, public orchards, and workshops in tree care and food preservation.

Rodale Institute. “The Farming Systems Trial: Celebrating 30 Years.” Kutztown, PA: Rodale Institute, 2011. http://www.rodaleinstitute.org/files/FSTbookletFINAL.pdfA demonstration project comparing organic soil and conventional soil.

Sharing Backyards. http://www.sharingbackyards.com/A nonprofit garden-sharing organization with programs across Canada for connecting people who want to garden with people who have unused yard space.

SPIN. http://www.spinfarming.com/Small-plot intensive method of urban gardening website in Saskatoon, Canada.

United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). http://www.fao.org/

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The agency of the United Nations focused on global hunger.United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO): “Organic Agriculture.”

http://www.fao.org/organicagProgram of the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization focused on enhancing food security, social equity, economic opportunity, and a healthy environment through organic agriculture.

United Nations Millennium Development Goals. http://www.un.org/millenniumgoalsA project of the United Nations Development Programme. An agreement signed by the member nations in 2000 to cut all forms of extreme poverty by half within 15 years, using a set of eight goals.

University of Michigan Center for Sustainable Systems: Fact Sheet: U.S. Food System, 2012. http://css.snre.umich.edu/factsOne of a series of two-page factsheets on a range of sustainability topics, produced and updated regularly by the University of Michigan.

Urban Agriculture Network. http://www.cityfarmer.org/A collection of resources for urban agriculture in Vancouver, BC including organic gardening classes, composting guides, and articles. A legacy website now superseded by “City Farmer News” at http://www.cityfarmer.info/.

UrbanAgLaw. http://www.urbanaglaw.org/Resources related to legal issues surrounding urban agriculture initiatives.

Urban Farming. http://www.urbanfarming.org/A program that works for food security by promoting the planting of food gardens on unused land in food deserts. A charity adopted by Atlantic Records, with additional support from other corporations and celebrities.

USDA Economic Research Service Food Environment Atlas. http://www.ers.usda.gov/data-products/food-environment-atlas.aspxProvides spatial data on food environment indicators including proximity to grocery stores, food prices, food security, obesity rates, demographics, income and poverty, and proximity to recreation. Provides data by county; a related Food Access Research Atlas provides similar data for census tracts.

USDA National Organic Program. http://www.ams.usda.gov/nopThe program that provides third-party organic certification under the “USDA Organic” label. Issues regulations; offers guidance for producers and information for consumers.

USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service “Soil Biology Primer.” http://soils.usda.gov/sqi/concepts/soil_biology/biology.htmlAn introduction to soil ecosystems and their role in soil health. Printed copies can be purchased at http://www.swcs.org/

U.S. Food Sovereignty Alliance. http://usfoodsovereigntyalliance.org/ An organization working toward the right of people, including farmers, fishers, indigenous peoples, and landless workers, to determine their own food and agriculture policies.

World Resources Institute: Maps & Data. http://www.wri.org/resourcesA database of maps, charts, data sets, infographics, and other visual resources based on the World Resources Institute’s data and research.

World Resources Institute: Food. http://www.wri.org/our-work/topics/food Facts, data, and information about global food and agriculture research.

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13. Products

Articles, Chapters, and Papers

Alonso, Elisa, et al. “Evaluating Rare Earth Element Availability: A Case with Revolutionary Demand from Clean Technologies,” Environmental Science and Technology, vol. 46, no. 6 (2012), 406–14.A look at issues connected with consumption of rare earth elements used in devices including wind turbines and batteries for hybrid and electric cars, including the fact that these nonrenewable resources are mined almost exclusively in one country, China.

Anastas, P. T. and J. B. Zimmerman. “The Twelve Principles of Green Engineering as a Foundation for Sustainability.” In Sustainability Science and Engineering: Defining Principles, ed. Martin A. Abraham, 11–32. London: Elsevier, 2006.An approach to engineering solutions for sustainability with principles applied at the chemical, product, process, and system scales. Authored by a leading scholar in green chemistry and engineering and developer of the well-known 12 Principles of Green Chemistry.

Arndt, Michael. “Caterpillar Remanufacturing.” Bloomberg Businessweek, December 5, 2005. Atlee, Jennifer and Tristan Roberts, “Cradle to Cradle Certification: A Peek Inside MBDC’s

Black Box.” Environmental Building News, February 1, 2007.A thorough review of what is included in the Cradle to Cradle certification program, including both positive outcomes and limitations and concerns.

Benyus, Janine M. “Biomimicry Discussion Guide.” Bioneers, 2004.Cattano, C., T. Nikou, and L. Klotz. “Teaching Systems Thinking and Biomimicry to Civil

Engineering Students.” Journal of Professional Issues in Engineering Education & Practice, vol. 137 no. 4 (2011): 176–82. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)EI.1943-5541.0000061

Chertow, M. “The IPAT Equation and Its Variants: Changing Views of Technology and Environmental Impacts.” Journal of Industrial Ecology, vol. 4 (2001): 13–29.

Ehrenfeld, J. R. “Can Industrial Ecology Be the ‘Science of Sustainability’?” Journal of Industrial Ecology, vol. 8 no. 102 (2004): 1–3.Written by the executive director of the International Society for Industrial Ecology, a highly regarded research scholar in sustainability and industrial ecology.

Ehrenfeld, J. R. and N. Gertler. “Industrial Ecology in Practice: The Evolution of Interdependence at Kalundborg.” Journal of Industrial Ecology, vol. 1 no. 1 (1997): 67–79.

Erard, Michael. “Call of the Truck Stop: Gentlemen, Stop Your Engines.” New York Times, March 7, 2007.A story about the Truck Stop Electrification Project in South Bronx.

Frosch, Robert A. “Industrial Ecology: A Philosophical Introduction.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA, vol. 89 no. 3, February 1992: 800–03.

Frosch, Robert A. and Nicholas E. Gallopoulos. “Strategies for Manufacturing.” Scientific American, vol. 261 no. 3 (1989): 144–55.

Gardner, Gary. “Conserving Nonrenewable Resources.” In State of the World 2013: Is Sustainability Still Possible?, Worldwatch Institute, 99–110. Washington, DC: Island Press, 2013.An examination of the challenges of nonrenewable resource consumption including declining resource quality, rising costs of extraction, rising demand, and scarcity, and the need for a comprehensive effort to create a circular economy for meeting economic needs.

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Geels, F., A. Monaghan, M. Eames, and F. Steward. “The Feasibility of Systems Thinking in Sustainable Consumption and Production Policy: A Report to the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs.” London: DEFRA, 2008.An exploration of possibilities of building on existing systems thinking in order to facilitate innovation. Research conducted at Brunel University for DEFRA, the governmental agency in the UK responsible for policy and regulations on environmental, food, agricultural, and rural issues.

Graedel, T. E. “The Evolution of Industrial Ecology.” Environmental Science and Technology, vol. 34: 28A–31A. doi: 10.1021/es003039cA discussion of industrial ecology by one of the leading scholars in the field.

——. “The Prospects for Urban Mining.” The Bridge, National Academy of Engineering, vol. 41 no. 1 (spring 2011): 43–50.A review of current state of mining of metals in urban structures, infrastructure, and other products; evaluations of the locations of urban mining stock and processes of recycling; and an assessment of what factors influence rate of recovery.

Hansen, E., R. Fletcher, B. Cashore, and C. McDermott. “Forest Certification in North America.” Oregon State University: EC 1518-E, February 2006.A detailed discussion of types of certification, processes of competition and selection in the certification marketplace, and the history of forest certification in North America, particularly the FSC and SFI systems.

Herman Miller. “Herman Miller Environmental Advocacy.” Zeeland, MI: Herman Miller, 2007.A history of the Herman Miller company’s programs to implement design for the environment and principles on which those programs are based, with examples of product details.

Hosford, William F. and John L. Duncan. “The Aluminum Beverage Can.” Scientific American, September 1994: 48–53.A description of how engineers were able to reduce the amount of aluminum required in the typical beverage can to its absolute minimum.

Kay, J. “On Complexity Theory, Exergy, and Industrial Ecology.” In Construction Ecology: Nature as the Basis for Green Buildings, eds. C. J. Kibert, J. Sendzimir, and G. B. Guy, 73–107. London: Spon, 2002.A technical exploration of an ecosystem approach for industrial ecology, one that integrates ecology, economics, engineering, thermodynamics, and systems theory.

Mathews, John A. and Hao Tan. “Progress Toward a Circular Economy in China: The Drivers (and Inhibitors) of Eco-industrial Initiative.” Journal of Industrial Ecology, June 2011: 435–57.

Piore, Adam. “The Ultimate Sustainability Index.” Scientific American, December 2012: 40–41.An introduction to the then-newly launched Sustainability Consortium, a product life-cycle assessment database from a global collaboration of corporations, academics, government agencies, and non-governmental organizations.

United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). Vital Forest Graphics. Nairobi, Kenya: UNEP, 2009. One of a useful series of electronic publications in the Vital Graphics series designed to communicate scientific findings in an accessible format. Communicates concepts clearly using both language and numerous high-quality graphics.

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U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA). “Twelve Principles of Green Chemistry.” EPA Science Matters Newsletter, June 2011.

Van Nes, Nicole and Jacqueline Cramer. “Product Lifetime Optimization: A Challenging Strategy towards More Sustainable Consumption Patterns.” Journal of Cleaner Production, vol. 14 nos. 15–16 (2006): 1307–18.A discussion of research on how optimizing a product’s lifetime depends upon various replacement motives of consumers.

Voluntary Interindustry Commerce Solutions (VICS) Association. “Macy’s and Schneider National Filling Empty Miles for Sustainability and Savings.” October 2009. http://www.vics.org/

Wang, Heming, et al. “Resource Use in Growing China: Past Trends, Influence Factors, and Future Demand.” Journal of Industrial Ecology, August 2012: 481–92.

York, R. “Ecological Paradoxes: William Stanley Jevons and the Paperless Office.” Ecology Review, vol. 13 no. 2 (2006): 143–47.Parallels between Jevons’ Paradox concerning energy efficiency and the Paperless Office Paradox, with discussion of whether technological advances alone will lead to conservation of natural resources.

Books

Allenby, B. Industrial Ecology: Policy Framework and Implementation. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1999.A consideration of political and social implications of industrial ecology, from one of the leading scholars in the field.

Anderson, Ray C. Mid-Course Correction: Toward a Sustainable Enterprise: The Interface Model. Peregrinzilla Press, 1999.The well-known story of the efforts of the late founder and CEO of Interface to transform the carpet manufacturer into a sustainable corporation. Anderson reported having an epiphany after reading Paul Hawken’s Ecology of Commerce. Interface is considered a leader among businesses working toward greater sustainability.

——. Confessions of a Radical Industrialist. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 2009.Ashby, Michael F. Materials and the Environment: Eco-Informed Material Choice, 2nd ed.

Oxford, UK: Butterworth Heinemann, 2012.Ayres, Robert U. and Leslie W. Ayers, eds. A Handbook of Industrial Ecology. Cheltenham, UK:

Edward Elgar, 2002.Benyus, Janine M. Biomimicry: Innovation Inspired by Nature. New York: HarperCollins, 1997.

The influential and innovative work that expanded the idea of biomimetics into a design approach that studies nature’s models and uses them to solve design problems.

Birkeland, Janis. Design for Sustainability: A Sourcebook of Integrated Ecological Solutions. London: Earthscan, 2000.

Dierderen, Andre. Global Resource Depletion: Managed Austerity and the Elements of Hope. Delft: Eburon Academic Publishers, 2010.

Eccleston, Charles H. Environmental Impact Assessment: A Guide to Best Professional Practices. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 2011.Technical details of various types of environmental impact assessments in alignment with the U.S. National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA).

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Epstein, Marc J. Making Sustainability Work: Best Practices in Managing and Measuring Corporate Social, Environmental and Economic Impacts. San Francisco, CA: Berrett-Koehler Publishers, 2008.

Esty, Daniel C. and Andrew S. Winston. Green to Gold: How Smart Companies Use Environmental Strategy to Innovate, Create Value, and Build Competitive Advantage. New York: John Wiley, 2009.Provides detailed and practical guidance for business leaders. Includes a background in sustainability issues and using green business strategies to increase profit.

Fiksel, Joseph. Design for Environment, 2nd ed. New York: McGraw Hill, 2009.An authoritative discussion of Design for Environment, from one of the leading scholars in the field.

Graedel, T. E. and B. R. Allenby. Industrial Ecology, 2nd ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 2003.

——. Industrial Ecology and Sustainable Engineering. Boston, MA: Prentice Hall, 2010.An authoritative and comprehensive coverage of industrial ecology, from two of the leading scholars in the field.

Graedel, Thomas E. and Jennifer A. Howard-Grenville. Greening the Industrial Facility: Perspectives, Approaches, and Tools. New York: Springer, 2005.

Hawken, Paul. Ecology of Commerce: A Declaration of Sustainability, revised edition. New York: Harper Collins, 2010.Revised edition of the 1993 classic about how to bring capitalism and environmental concerns together under one framework.

Hawken, Paul, Amory B. Lovins, and L. Hunter Lovins, Natural Capitalism: Creating the Next Industrial Revolution. Boston, MA: Back Bay Books, 2008.A groundbreaking work aimed at economists, business leaders, and policymakers, as well as general readers, that promotes long-term over short-term thinking and systems thinking over siloes. It explores the meaning of natural capital, applies market principles to natural resources, and shows how successful businesses can be simultaneously profitable and environmentally responsible. First edition published in 1999, with a second edition in 2010.

Hitchcock, Darcy and Marsha Willard. The Business Guide to Sustainability. New York: Earthscan, 2009.A practical guide for implementing sustainability programs in organizations, with guidelines for various sectors from corporations to nonprofit organizations and government agencies, and for various responsibilities including management, purchasing, information technology, marketing, and accounting.

Hull, Ruth N., Constantin-Horia Barbu, and Nadezhda Goncharova. Strategies to Enhance Environmental Security in Transition Countries. New York: Springer, 2007.

Jedliĉka, Wendy. Packaging Sustainability: Tools, Systems, and Strategies for Innovative Package Design. New York: John Wiley, 2008.Guidance on how to approach planning for and designing sustainable packaging as part of a product’s total design, for industrial and packaging designers.

Lovins, Amory B. Reinventing Fire. White River Junction, VT: Chelsea Green Publishing, 2011.Strategies for reducing energy consumption, replacing fossil fuels, cutting greenhouse gas emissions, and reducing natural resource consumption, from the multiple perspectives of business, technology, and policy.

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McDonough, William and Michael Braungart. Cradle to Cradle. New York: North Point Press, 2002.A classic in the fields of sustainable building and manufacturing, the book explains “why being ‘less bad’ is no good” and proposes two closed-loop metabolisms, a biological nutrient cycle and a technical nutrient cycle.

Norman, Donald A. The Design of Everyday Things, revised ed. New York: Basic Books, 2013. A popular classic look at how to make designs comprehensible and self-explanatory to users, an important factor in product longevity.

Sayre, Don. Inside ISO 14000: The Competitive Advantage of Environmental Management. Delray Beach, FL: St. Lucie Press, 1996.A comprehensive technical guide to implementing an environmental management system, based upon the guidelines for ISO 14001 certification.

Schmidheiny, Stephan. Changing Course: A Global Business Perspective on Development and the Environment. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1992.A detailed guide to business management for sustainable development, with case studies. The author was then chair of the World Business Council for Sustainable Development (WBCSD).

Schmidt-Bleek, Friedrich. Das MIPS Konzept: Faktor 10. Munich: Droemer Knaur, 1998. The proposal known as Factor 10 from the German Wuppertal Institute for Climate, Environment and Energy which said that humans must reduce their consumption of resources to one-tenth of current levels within a few decades in order to be sustainable.

Socolow, Robert, C. Andres, F. Berkhout, and V. Thomas, eds. Industrial Ecology and Global Change. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1997.An authoritative and comprehensive introduction to industrial ecology, from leading scholars in the field.

Suh, Sangwon, ed. Handbook of Input–Output Economics in Industrial Ecology. New York: Springer, 2009.Technical details about material flow analysis, modeling, life cycle analysis, and input-output economics.

Theis, Tom and Jonathan Tomkin, eds. Sustainability: A Comprehensive Foundation. Houston, TX: Connexions, Rice University, 2012.

An introductory overview of a range of topics in the field, available for download. Thorpe, Ann. The Designer’s Atlas of Sustainability. Washington, DC: Island Press, 2006.

Presents a number of the fundamental concepts of sustainable product design, and sustainability generally, in a thought-provoking and engaging way, illustrated with innovative graphics.

Tollefson, Chris, Fred Gale, and David Haley. Certification, Governance, and the Forest Stewardship Council. Vancouver: UBC Press, 2008.A discussion of the history of FSC certification with a focus on governance and participatory process.

Van der Ryn, Sim and Stuart Cowan. Ecological Design: 10th Anniversary Edition. Washington, DC: Island Press, 2007.A new edition of a 1995 classic which was an early leader in ecology and systems thinking for designers.

Vezzoli, Carlo and Ezio Manzini. Design for Environmental Sustainability. Milan: Springer, 2008.

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A technical discussion of life cycle assessment and design for environment strategies for designers.

von Weiszäcker, Ernst, Amory Lovins, and L. Hunter Lovins. Factor Four: Doubling Wealth, Halving Resource Use. London: Earthscan, 1997. The proposal known as Factor 4 which said that humans must reduce their consumption of resources to one-fourth of current levels within a few decades in order to be sustainable.

Vries, Bert J. M. de. Sustainability Science. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2013.The authoritative textbook in the field of sustainability science.

Websites

AskNature.org. http://www.asknature.org/ An open-source database for biomimicry, part of the Biomimicry 3.8 Institute. Biological solutions can be searched by design function.

Biomimicry 3.8 Institute. http://biomimicry.net/ A nonprofit organization that promotes the study and use of nature’s models. Originally two organizations, the Biomimicry Guild and Biomimicry Institute.

BlueGreen Alliance. http://www.bluegreenalliance.org/A U.S. partnership of the United Steelworkers Union, the Sierra Club, and 14 of the largest American trade unions and environmental groups, with the triple-bottom-line goal of “good jobs, a clean environment, and a green economy.”

Consumers Union Guide to ecolabels. http://www.eco-labels.org/Database from the nonprofit organization Consumers Union to help consumers sort through eco-labels and claims, with eco-labels searchable by product, category, or certifying body.

Cradle to Cradle certification, McDonough-Braungart Design Chemistry. http://www.mbdc.com/The website for Cradle to Cradle certification of products.

Cradle to Cradle Products Innovation Institute. http://www.c2ccertified.org/The nonprofit organization that administers the Cradle to Cradle certification program.

Design for the Environment Toolkit. www.pca.state. mn .us/oea/publications/ dfetoolkit .pdf A 71-page handbook from the Minnesota Office of Environmental Assistance, based on a tool developed by industrial ecologists T. E. Graedel and B. R. Allenby.

Ecolabel Index. http://www.ecolabelindex.com/ecolabels/A global directory of ecolabels in countries and industry sectors around the world. The largest global ecolabel directory.

EcoLogo Program. http://www.ecologo.org/Third party certification.

Ellen Macarthur Foundation. Circular Economy. http://www.ellenmacarthurfoundation.org/circular-economyA foundation whose mission is “to accelerate the transition to a circular economy.” Provides a series of articles describing the circular economy model, its principles, and related schools of thought, plus a resource bank with publications, curricular materials, graphics, and other sources.

European Commission: “End of Life Vehicles,” 2013. http://ec.europa.eu/environment/waste/elv_index.htmInformation about the European Union End of Life Vehicle Directive, with links to additional information sources.

Fair Trade USA. http://www.transfairusa.org/

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Fair Trade certification. Fairtrade International. http://www.fairtrade.net/

The world’s largest and most recognized fair trade certification and labeling system. Provides the Fairtrade Mark used on Fairtrade-certified products. Also known as Fairtrade Labelling Organizations International (FLO).

Forest Stewardship Council (FSC). http://www.fsc.orgThe body that created and oversees the third-party certification for sustainably harvested wood products known as the FSC.

GreenBlue. http://www.greenblue.org/A nonprofit organization that researches and promotes sustainable materials management, including chemicals, wood products, and packaging design.

International Organization for Standardization (ISO). http://www.iso.org/iso/about.htmA consensus-based network of national standards institutes from countries around the world that develops and publishes international standards covering almost every area of modern daily life.

International Society for Industrial Ecology. http://www.is4ie.org/Kalundborg Centre for Industrial Symbiosis. http://www.symbiosis.dk/en

Informational website for the industrial ecosystem in Kalundborg, Denmark. Includes diagrams, animations, video, and an online library of theses and essays about Kalundborg.

Lunar: “Designer’s Field Guide to Sustainability.” http://www.lunar.com/fieldguide.shtml A concise summary of principles for sustainable product development and the product life cycle from a top product design firm.

Patagonia Common Threads Partnership, 2013. http://www.patagonia.com/us/common-threads/The reuse and recycling initiative from clothing manufacturer Patagonia.

Pharos Project. http://www.pharosproject.net/A project of the USGBC Cascadia chapter to create a clear graphic product and materials evaluation and labeling tool.

Product Policy Institute. http://www.productpolicy.org/Now known as Upstream. A nonprofit organization working to address the root causes of waste through product-focused environmental policies and governance. Conducts research, develops model policies, and provides education and advocacy.

Rainforest Alliance: “Forest Products Certification.” http://www.rainforest-alliance.org/forestry/certification The third-party auditor responsible for verifying the certification of forests through the FSC.

Rocky Mountain Institute: “Reinventing Fire: Industry.” http://www.rmi.org/industryA category within the research-based initiative of the Rocky Mountain Institute, Reinventing Fire, which performs in-house analysis and modeling and proposes large-scale solutions to government leaders, businesses, the military, and others. Other categories include Electricity, Transportation, and Buildings.

Scientific Certification Systems (SCS). http://www.scscertified.com/program_standards.phpComprehensive list of certification standards.

Society for Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology (SETAC). http://www.setac.org/SETAC is the primary professional organization connected with LCA. Its website offers detailed technical information, reports, and other publications.

Sustainability Consortium. http://www.sustainabilityconsortium.org/

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A global-scale collaboration of over 100 of the world’s largest corporations, academics, government agencies, and non-governmental organizations, jointly administered by universities in the U.S. and the Netherlands, with an office in China. The Sustainability Consortium provides a growing set of science-based measurement and reporting systems that can be used by manufacturers, retailers, and consumers to allow them to compare and understand environmental, social, and economic impacts across the entire product supply chain. Participants believe that this index will eventually supersede other product rating systems.

Thorpe, Ann. “Teaching Guide for The Designer’s Atlas of Sustainability.” http://www.designers-atlas.net/teach-guide.html

United Parcel Service (UPS). “When in Doubt: UPS Avoids Left Turns.” UPS Compass, July 2012. http://compass.ups.com/UPS-driver-avoid-left-turns/ How a rule devised by UPS engineers called “no left turns” saved 10 million gallons of fuel and 100,000 tons of carbon in its first ten years in effect.

Upstream. http://upstreampolicy.org/ A nonprofit organization working to address the root causes of waste through product-focused environmental policies and governance. Conducts research, develops model policies, and provides education and advocacy. Formerly known as the Product Policy Institute.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA): Design for Environment Program. http://www.epa.gov/dfe

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA): Green Chemistry. http://www2.epa.gov/green-chemistryInformation about the basics of green chemistry, grant funding, education, and links to additional resources.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA): Green Purchasing Guides. http://www.epa.gov/epp/pubs/greenguides.htmLinks to green purchasing guides through the EPA’s Environmentally Preferable Purchasing program.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA): Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). http://www.epa.gov/nrmrl/std/lca/lca.htmlInformational webpages, case studies, the EPA’s downloadable book Life Cycle Assessment: Principles and Practice (formerly titled LCA 101) and links to numerous resources for people interested in using or learning about LCA, including both professionals and nonprofessionals.

World Business Council for Sustainable Development (WBCSD). http://www.wbcsd.org/A global association led by the chief executives of 200 major corporations, working to develop tools and best practices for businesses.

Zero Emissions Research Initiative (ZERI). http://www.zeri.org/ A global network of entrepreneurs established by Gunter Pauli, former CEO of Ecover and president of Worldwatch Europe.

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14. Waste and Recycling

Articles, Chapters, and Papers

Alonso, Elisa, et al. “Evaluating Rare Earth Element Availability: A Case with Revolutionary Demand from Clean Technologies.” Environmental Science and Technology, vol. 46 no. 6 (2012): 406–14.

Atsom, Yuval, et al. “Winning the $30 Trillion Decathlon: Going for Gold in Emerging Markets.” McKinsey Quarterly, August 2012: 4.

CalRecycle. “Resource Recovery Parks.” 2011. http://www.calrecycle.ca.gov/LGCentral/Library/Innovations/recoverypark/.

Carpenter, Edward J. and K. L. Smith, Jr. “Plastics on the Sargasso Sea Surface.” Science, vol. 175 no. 4027 (March 17, 1972): 1240–41.

Carpenter, Edward J., Susan J. Anderson, George R. Harvey, Helen P. Miklas, and Bradford B. Peck. “Polystyrene Spherules in Coastal Waters.” Science, vol. 178 no. 4062 (November 17, 1972): 749–50.

Center for Sustainable Systems Factsheets. “Municipal Solid Waste.” Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan, 2008. http://css.snre.umich.edu/facts/ . One of a series of two-page factsheets on a range of sustainability topics, produced and updated regularly by the University of Michigan.

Colton, John B., Jr., Frederick D. Knapp, and Bruce R. Burns. “Plastic Particles in Surface Waters of the Northwestern Atlantic.” Science, vol. 185 no. 4150 (August 9, 1974): 491–97.

Container Recycling Institute. “Keep America Beautiful: A History.” Culver City, CA, undated.Du, Xiaoyue and Thomas E. Graedel. “Global In-Use Stocks of the Rare Earth Elements: A First

Estimate.” Environmental Science & Technology, vol. 45 no. 9 (May 2011): 4096–101. doi: 10.1021/es102836s

Gardner, Gary. “Can Landfills Be Mined?” In State of the World 2013: Is Sustainability Still Possible? Worldwatch Institute, 107. Washington, DC: Island Press, 2013.A brief introduction to landfill mining in Belgium.

Graedel, T. E. “The Prospects for Urban Mining.” The Bridge, vol. 41 no. 1 (Spring 2011): 43–50.

GrassRoots Recycling Network. “Aluminum Can Waste: Bigger Impact than Plastic Bottle Waste.” 2001. http://archive.grrn.org/beverage/shareholders/articles/can_waste.html

Group Machiels. “Enhanced Landfill Mining.” http://www.machiels.com/Hoornweg, Daniel, Perinaz Bhada-Tata and Chris Kennedy. “Waste Production Must Peak This

Century.” Nature, vol. 502 (October 31, 2013): 615–17.Projections of peak waste under three scenarios and recommendations for mitigation.

Hoshaw, Lindsey. “Afloat in the Ocean: Expanding Islands of Trash.” New York Times, November 10, 2009.

Makower, Joel. “Calculating the Gross National Trash” (blog), Greenbiz.com, March 20, 2009. http://www.greenbiz.com/blog/2009/03/20/calculating-gross-national-trash.

——. “Industrial Strength Solution: You Recycle. Why Doesn’t Industry?” Mother Jones, May/June 2009. http://www.motherjones.com/environment/2009/05/industrial-strength-solutionThese calculations on U.S. waste and recycling volumes, and the overwhelming percentages that are not household but industrial waste, are difficult to impossible to find elsewhere. They were compiled through

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research by Makower, a sustainable business consultant and founder of GreenBiz.com.

Moriguchi, Yuichi. “Japanese Efforts to Build a Sound Material-Cycle Society.” In State of the World 2012: Moving Toward Sustainable Prosperity, Worldwatch Institute, 142. Washington, DC: Island Press, 2012.

Müller, Daniel B., Tao Wang, and Benjamin Duval. “Patterns of Iron Use in Societal Evolution.” Environmental Science & Technology, vol. 45 no. 1 (January 2011): 182–88. doi: 10.1021/es102273t

Napier, Tom. “Construction Waste Management.” Whole Building Design Guide, 2012. http://www.wbdg.org/resources/cwmgmt.php

Platt, Brenda, David Ciplet, Kate M. Bailey, and Eeric Lombardi. “Stop Trashing the Climate.” Institute for Local Self-Reliance, June 2008. www.stoptrashingtheclimate.org/A report that documents the link between climate change and unsustainable patterns of consumption and waste, providing evidence that aiming for zero waste is one of the most effective strategies available for mitigating climate change.

Ravilious, Kate. “Mid-town Miners: The Hunt for Urban Treasure.” New Scientist, vol. 2919 (June 5, 2013): 40–43.

Reck, Barbara K. and T. E. Graedel. “Challenges in Metal Recycling,” Science, August 10, 2012.Rochman, Chelsea M., et al. “Classify Plastic Waste as Hazardous.” Nature, 494 (February 14,

2013): 169–71. doi:10.1038/494169aSchiller, Ben. “Trash to Cash: Mining Landfills for Energy and Profit.” Fast Company,

September 7, 2011.Sheehan, Bill and Helen Spiegelman. “Climate Change, Peak Oil, and the End of Waste.” In The

Post Carbon Reader: Managing the 21st Century’s Sustainability Crises, eds. Richard Heinberg and Daniel Lerch, 363–81. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 2010.

Sierra Club Landfill Gas-to-Energy Task Force. “Sierra Club Report on Landfill Gas-to-Energy.” 2010. http://www.sierraclub.org/policy/conservation/landfill-gas-report.pdf

Sims, Mike. “Waste.” In Berkshire Encyclopedia of Sustainability: The Spirit of Sustainability, ed. Willis Jenkins. Great Barrington, MA: Berkshire Publishing Group, 2010.

SourceWatch. “Keep America Beautiful.” 2009. http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Keep_America_Beautiful.

The Story of Stuff Project. “The Story of Change: Why Citizens (Not Shoppers) Hold the Key to a Better Future.” 2012. http://www.storyofchange.org/

Thompson, R. C., et al. “Lost at Sea: Where is All the Plastic?” Science, May 7, 2004: 838. http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/304/5672/838.

United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). “Recycling Rates of Metals: A Status Report.” Paris: UNEP, 2011.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). “Opportunities to Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions through Materials and Land Management Practices.” 2009. http://www.epa.gov/oswer/docs/ghg_land_and_materials_management.pdf A report which describes the link between climate change and materials management, the flow of material resources through the economy, as well as climate change and land management, and proposes scenarios to reduce emissions from these areas. Reveals that choices about production and consumption have larger climate impact than energy use or transportation choices.

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USGS. “Metal Stocks in Use in the United States.” Fact Sheet 2050-3090. Reston, VA: USGS, July 2005.

Wang, Tao, Daniel B. Müller, and Thomas E. Graedel. “Forging the Anthropogenic Iron Cycle.” Environmental Science & Technology, vol. 41, no. 14 (June 2007): 5120–29. doi: 10.1021/es062761tA quantitative analysis of production, manufacturing, use, and recycling rates for the global life cycle of iron in various regions, with implications for policy.

Books

Commoner, Barry. “The Four Laws of Ecology.” In The Closing Circle: Nature, Man, and Technology. New York: Random House, 1971.The book that is best known for Commoner’s four laws of ecology: Everything is connected to everything else; everything must go somewhere; nature knows best; and there is no such thing as a free lunch.

Hayes, Brian. Infrastructure: A Field Guide to the Industrial Landscape. New York: W.W. Norton, 2005.A thorough investigation of elements of the American infrastructure for lay readers, with color photographs and clear explanations of how systems work; includes resource extraction, dams, water supply systems, farming, fossil fuel extraction, power generation and distribution, communications, roads, railroads, bridges and tunnels, air travel, shipping, and waste and recycling.

Heinberg, Richard and Daniel Lerch, eds. The Post Carbon Reader: Managing the 21st Century’s Sustainability Crises. Healdsburg, CA: Watershed Media, 2010.This thoughtful collection of papers by recognized experts is one of the clearest and most comprehensive books on sustainability issues, potential solutions, and interconnectedness. Topics include sustainability concepts, climate, water, biodiversity, food, population, culture, energy, economics, cities, transportation, waste, health, education, and resilience.

Hill, Marquita K. Understanding Environmental Pollution, 3rd ed. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2010.

Imhoff, Daniel. Paper or Plastic: Searching for Solutions to an Overpackaged World. San Francisco, CA: Sierra Club Books, 2005.

Leonard, Annie. The Story of Stuff. New York: Free Press, 2010.An influential classic, aimed at a wide readership, about human patterns of consumption and waste.

Maczulak, Anne. Waste Treatment: Reducing Global Waste. New York: Facts On File, 2010. Although a textbook intended for high school readers, provides a thorough overview of how waste management systems work.

Makower, Joel. Strategies for the Green Economy. New York: McGraw Hill, 2009.A book that provides practical strategies for business within the context of a larger framework. Chapters give an overview of green business and consumer demand, examine the question, “how good is good enough?” then evaluate how and whether those efforts can be sufficient to address modern environmental challenges.

New York City Department of Design and Construction. Construction and Demolition Waste Manual. 2003. A comprehensive resource for contractors, project managers, and recycling coordinators, providing guidelines and policies for the City of New York.

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Pepper, Ian L., Charles P. Gerba, and Mark L. Brusseau, eds. Environmental and Pollution Science, 2nd ed. Boston, MA: Academic Press, 2006.Detailed and comprehensive textbook on pollution science with ample diagrams, graphs, and data, useful for students of environmental science and environmental engineering.

Rogers, Heather. Gone Tomorrow: The Hidden Life of Garbage. New York: The New Press, 2005.A readable narrative for general audiences, with a tour through the unseen world of garbage.

Theis, Tom and Jonathan Tomkin, eds. Sustainability: A Comprehensive Foundation. Houston, TX: Connexions, Rice University, 2012.

An introductory overview of a range of topics in the field, available for download.

Websites

Basel Action Network and e-Steward program. http://www.ban.org/A non-governmental organization which monitors the Basel Convention, a treaty to reduce the movement of hazardous waste from industrialized countries to developing countries, and its certification standard for electronics recycling.

Earth911. http://earth911.com/recycling/glass/facts-about-glass-recycling/Eco-Cycle. https://www.ecocycle.org/

A nonprofit recycling organization headquartered in Boulder, Colorado which operates recycling and Zero Waste programs, provides school programs, and offers publications and online information resources. Operates Eco-Cycle International, a nonprofit consulting and advocacy organization to help communities advocate, plan, and implement Zero Waste systems.

EPEAT. http://www.epeat.net/ Referred to by its acronym, EPEAT stands for Electronic Product Environmental Assessment Tool. An international environmental rating system from the Green Electronics Council to help purchasers identify environmentally preferable electronics including computers, monitors, printers, copiers, and televisions. Products are evaluated and registered based on recycled content, toxicity of components, and energy use, and manufacturers agree to take back products at the end of their lives.

e-Stewards: “e-Stewards Certification.” http://e-stewards.org/certification-overview/The certification program for electronics recycling in the U.S.

European Commission. Environmental Statistics and Accounts in Europe, 2010 edition. Eurostat Statistical Books. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, 2010. http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/portal/page/portal/product_details/publication?p_product_code=KS-32-10-283Statistics on a range of environmental topics for countries in the European Union.

GrassRoots Recycling Network. http://www.grrn.org/A U.S. consortium of waste reduction activists and recycling professionals that works to promote Zero Waste through advocacy, collaboration, and education. The website provides a broad range of information plus links to recycling and Zero Waste resources from around the country.

GreenBlue. http://www.greenblue.org/A nonprofit organization that researches and promotes sustainable materials management, including chemicals, wood products, and packaging design.

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King County, Washington, Zero Waste program. http://your.kingcounty.gov/solidwaste/garbage-recycling/zero-waste.asp

LampRecycle.org. http://www.lamprecycle.org/commercial-lighting-lamp-recyclers/A list of U.S. and Canadian organizations that recycle fluorescent lamps, maintained by the National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA).

MyZeroWaste. http://myzerowaste.com/A site with information for making individual efforts and personal progress, recommended by the Zero Waste Alliance.

National Recycling Coalition. http://nrcrecycles.org/A nonprofit coalition of U.S. recycling professionals, educators, and consumers.

Plastics Task Force, Ecology Center, Berkeley. http://ecologycenter.org/plastics/Reduce Waste website, from the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency. http://www.reduce.org/

Online articles, fact sheets, and links to other information resources for reducing waste.Santa Barbara, California, Waste Reduction Programs. http://www.lessismore.org/Upstream. http://upstreampolicy.org/

A nonprofit organization working to address the root causes of waste through product-focused environmental policies and governance. Conducts research, develops model policies, and provides education and advocacy. Formerly known as the Product Policy Institute.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). “Municipal Solid Waste.” 2008. http://www.epa.gov/osw/nonhaz/municipal/pubs/msw2008rpt.pdf

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). “Municipal Solid Waste in the United States: Facts and Figures.” http://www.epa.gov/epawaste/nonhaz/municipal/msw99.htmA biannual report on waste generation, recovery, and disposal.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). “Pollution Prevention (P2).” 2013. http://www.epa.gov/p2/

University of Michigan Center for Sustainable Systems: Fact Sheet: Municipal Solid Waste, 2012. http://css.snre.umich.edu/facts

University of Michigan Center for Sustainable Systems: Fact Sheet: U.S. Material Use, 2012. http://css.snre.umich.edu/factsA series of two-page factsheets on a range of sustainability topics, produced and updated regularly by the University of Michigan.

Waste Free Oceans. http://www.wastefreeoceans.eu/aboutAn industry-led European-wide initiative to clean up European coastal waters.

Worldwatch Institute, http://www.worldwatch.org/node/1497Instructions for opting out of unwanted mail.

Zero Waste Alliance. http://www.zerowaste.org/A nonprofit organization that promotes zero waste in industry and communities through research, consulting, and education, including reports, publications, and events.

Zero Waste Network. http://www.zerowastenetwork.org/An organization of environmental professionals working toward zero waste in business, with collaboration from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, regional agencies, and a university. Provides Pollution Prevention (P2) planning tools, a materials exchange, and training in P2 and environmental management systems.

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15. Working in an Organization

Articles, Chapters, and Papers

Bäckstrand, K. “Civic Science for Sustainability: Reframing the Role of Experts, Policy-Makers and Citizens in Environmental Governance.” Global Environmental Politics, vol. 3 no. 4 (2003): 24–41.

Banerjee, S. “CSR: The Good, the Bad and the Ugly.” Critical Sociology, vol. 34 (2008): 51–79.A critique of corporate social responsibility that argues it is still built on a profit model and can be used to deflect criticism and to reinforce corporate power rather than challenge it. The article is a summary of the author’s book by the same name.

Boyd, Stephanie. “Financing and Managing Energy Projects through Revolving Loan Funds.” Sustainability: The Journal of Record, vol. 6 no. 6 (December 2013): 345–52. doi: 10.1089/sus.2013.9826.

Davies, John and the editors of GreenBiz.com. “State of the Profession 2013.” GreenBiz Group, January 2013.Third annual report, addressing challenges and trends affecting sustainability executives, based on a survey of 500 companies.

Devereaux, Jamie. “Sustainability-Focused Employee Engagement: The Experts Speak.” Sustainability: The Journal of Record, vol. 6 no. 3 (June 2013): 161–66.

Doppelt, Bob. “Overcoming the Seven Sustainability Blunders.” The Systems Thinker, vol. 14 no. 5 (2003).Guidance on an approaches to governance and organizational change that will allow organizations to move toward environmental and socio-economic sustainability.

Flynn, Emily, Mark Orlowski, and Dano Weisbord. Greening the Bottom Line 2012. Cambridge, MA: Sustainable Endowments Institute, 2012.

Galli, Alessandro, Thomas Wiedmann, Ertug Ercin, Doris Knoblauch, Brad Ewing, and Stefan Giljum. “Integrating Ecological, Carbon and Water Footprint into a “Footprint Family” of Indicators: Definition and Role in Tracking Human Pressure on the Planet.” Ecological Indicators 16 (2012): 100–12.

Global Footprint Network. “What is the Ecological Footprint?” In State of the World 2013: Is Sustainability Still Possible? Worldwatch Institute, 41. Washington, DC: Island Press, 2013.One-page description of the Ecological Footprint method of measuring impact.

Hohensee, Jeff. “Corporate Reporting and Externalities.” In State of the World 2013: Is Sustainability Still Possible? Worldwatch Institute, 154–60. Washington, DC: Island Press, 2013.A discussion of externalities—costs not fully reflected in the price of a good or service—and the move toward integrated reporting, a form of corporate disclosure that integrates financial data with environmental and social challenges.

Indvik, Joe, Rob Foley, and Mark Orlowski. Green Revolving Funds: An Introductory Guide to Implementation & Management. Sustainable Endowments Institute and Association for the Advancement of Sustainability in Higher Education, 2013.

——. Green Revolving Funds: A Guide to Implementation & Management. Sustainable Endowments Institute and Association for the Advancement of Sustainability in Higher Education, 2013.

King, Carey W. and Charles A. S. Hall. “Relating Financial and Energy Return on Investment.” Sustainability, vol. 3 no. 10 (2011): 1810–32.

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Meadows, Donella. “Dancing with Systems.” Whole Earth, Winter 2001. http://www.wholeearth.com/issue/2106/article/2/dancing.with.systems Lyrical advice about how to live in a world of systems. The article is also available on the website of the Donella Meadows Institute at http://www.donellameadows.org/archives/dancing-with-systems/.

——. “Indicators and Information Systems for Sustainable Development.” Four Corners, VT: The Sustainability Institute, 1998.A thoughtful approach to developing sustainability indicators, growing out of a meeting of sustainability scholars from the Balaton Group. Can be downloaded as a PDF from the website of the Donella Meadows Institute at http://www.donellameadows.org/archives/indicators-and-information-systems-for-sustainable-development/.

Pascale, Richard Tanner and Jerry Sternin. “Your Company’s Secret Change Agents.” Harvard Business Review, May 2005: 73–81.How to find and work with innovative thinkers hidden within an organization, whom the authors call “positive deviants,” based on the authors’ research in business and transformational change.

Pearce, Joshua M. and Christopher F. Uhl. “Getting It Done: Effective Sustainable Policy Implementation at the University Level.” Planning for Higher Education, vol. 31 no. 3 (March–May 2003).

Ramus, C. and I. Montiel. “When are Corporate Environmental Policies a Form of Greenwashing?” Business and Society, vol. 44 no. 4 (2005): 377–414.

Rees, William. “What’s Blocking Sustainability? Human Nature, Cognition, and Denial.” Sustainability: Science, Practice, & Policy, vol. 6 no. 2 (2010): 13–25.

Singh, R. K., Murty, H. R., Gupta, S. K., and Dikshit, A. K. “An overview of Sustainability Assessment Methodologies.” Ecological Indicators, vol. 15 no. 1 (2012): 281–99. doi:10.1016/j.ecolind.2011.01.007

United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). “Communicating Sustainability: How to Produce Effective Public Campaigns.” 2005.Handbook commissioned by UNEP. Describes how to craft a story, bring it to life, and use it to translate theory into practice.

Wojciechowski, Tom. “The Role of Leadership in Fostering and Maintaining Sustainability Initiatives.” Planning for Higher Education, vol. 31 no. 3 (March–May 2003).

Books

AtKisson, Alan. The ISIS Agreement: How Sustainability Can Improve Organizational Performance and Transform the World. London: Earthscan, 2008.How to use group process and hands-on activities as part of AtKisson’s ISIS method (Indicators, Systems, Innovation, and Strategy). Republished in 2010 with the title The Sustainability Transformation: How to Accelerate Positive Change in Challenging Times.

Bell, Simon and Stephen Morse. Measuring Sustainability: Learning from Doing. Sterling, VA: Earthscan, 2003.

——. Sustainability Indicators: Measuring the Immeasurable? Sterling, VA: Earthscan, 2008.Developing, measuring, and communicating sustainability indicators at a community and regional scale.

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Bennett, M., P. James, and L. Klinkers. Sustainable Measures: Evaluation and Reporting of Environmental and Social Performance. Sheffield: Greenleaf, 1999.Measuring and reporting performance in companies.

Brown, Lester R. World on the Edge: How to Prevent Environmental and Economic Collapse. New York: W.W. Norton, 2011.An update of Brown’s Plan B 4.0, this is a comprehensive and thoroughly researched analysis of the environmental, social, and economic challenges facing the planet, with a focus on urgently needed solutions.

Carter, Phillip L., et al. Environmental Sustainability across the Extended Value Chain. Phoenix, AZ: Arizona State University Center for Advanced Purchasing Studies, 2014.

Cassio, Jim and Alice Rush. Green Careers: Choosing Work for a Sustainable Future. Gabriola Island, BC: New Society Publishers, 2009.Useful information about industries and career types. As with any book about careers, some information can go out of date.

de Geus, Arie. The Living Company. Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press, 1997.A study of Fortune 500 companies which showed that successful companies were learning organizations, like living beings.

Doppelt, Bob. Leading Change toward Sustainability: A Change-Management Guide for Business, Government, and Civil Society, 2nd ed. Sheffield, UK: Greenleaf Publishing, 2009.A guide to using research-based organizational strategies to manage change and lead organizations toward sustainability.

——. The Power of Sustainable Thinking. London: Earthscan, 2008.Provides methods for transforming one’s own cognitive patterns and then for fostering change in other people, teams, and organizations.

Edwards, Andrés R. Thriving Beyond Sustainability: Pathways to a Resilient Society. Gabriola Island, BC: New Society Publishers, 2010.An optimistic collection of examples from around the world of how individuals, organizations, and communities are putting sustainability principles into practice.

Elkington, John. Cannibals with Forks: The Triple Bottom Line of 21st Century Business. Gabriola Island, BC: New Society Publishers, 1998.An early work about the sustainability revolution in business, by the British sustainability consultant who invented the phrase, “triple bottom line.” The title comes from a question posed by Polish poet Stanislaw Lec: “Is it progress if a cannibal uses a fork?”

Emmett, Stuart and Vivek Sood. Green Supply Chains: An Action Manifesto. Chichester, UK: John Wiley, 2010.

Epstein, Marc J. Making Sustainability Work: Best Practices in Managing and Measuring Corporate Social, Environmental and Economic Impacts. San Francisco, CA: Berrett-Koehler Publishers, 2008.A detailed guide to planning and implementing sustainability initiatives and measuring the results in businesses.

Esty, Daniel C. and Andrew S. Winston. Green to Gold. New York: John Wiley, 2009.Provides detailed and practical guidance for business leaders. Includes a background in sustainability issues and using green business strategies to increase profit.

Esty, Daniel C. and P. J. Simmons. Green to Gold Business Playbook. New York: John Wiley, 2011.

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Tools and strategies for implementing the principles in Esty and Winston’s Green to Gold.European Commission. Buying Green! A Handbook on Green Public Procurement, 2nd ed.

Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, 2011.Ewing B., D. Moore, S. Goldfinger, A. Oursler, A. Reed, and M. Wackernagel. The Ecological

Footprint Atlas 2010. Oakland: Global Footprint Network, 2010. Data and detailed explanation of the Ecological Footprint methodology. Data tables and the atlas itself are available for download from the Global Footprint Network website.

Friend, Gil. The Truth about Green Business. Upper Saddle River, NJ: FT Press, 2009.A concise but thorough guide to sustainability principles, planning, making the business case, organizational strategies, and implementation for businesses.

Gilding, Paul. The Great Disruption. New York: Bloomsbury Press, 2011. A detailed and informative look at why an impending global crisis is now unavoidable and at why a global transformation to a sustainable economy is plausible.

Giudice, Fabio, Guido La Rosa, and Antonino Risitano. Product Design for the Environment: A Life Cycle Approach. Boca Raton, FL: Taylor & Francis, 2006.A technical manual of theory and practice of engineering design and development using life cycle analysis.

Hart, Maureen. Guide to Sustainable Community Indicators, 2nd ed. West Hartford, CT: Sustainable Measures, 2006.A highly useful, nuts-and-bolts guide to setting up and measuring indicators at the community scale, with examples. Can be ordered from Sustainable Measures; typically not available in bookstores.

Hitchcock, Darcy and Marsha Willard. The Step-by-Step Guide to Sustainability Planning. Sterling, VA: Earthscan, 2008.Detailed guide to planning, implementing, and reporting sustainability efforts in an organization. Includes details about the planning process itself, together with information about frameworks, assessment and reporting tools, lists, and checklists.

——. The Business Guide to Sustainability. New York: Earthscan, 2009.Practical guide for implementing sustainability programs in organizations, with guidelines for various sectors from corporations to nonprofit organizations and government agencies, and for various responsibilities including management, purchasing, information technology, marketing, and accounting.

Hopkins, Lewis D. and Marisa A. Zapata, eds. Engaging the Future: Forecasts, Scenarios, Plans, and Projects. Cambridge, MA: Lincoln Institute of Land Policy, 2007.A guide to strategies for planning for the future for planners and community leaders, and individuals, including scenario planning. Illustrated with examples and clear color diagrams.

Hopkins, Rob. The Transition Handbook: From Oil Dependency to Local Resilience. White River, VT: Chelsea Green, 2008. Descriptions of the work of successful Transition Towns from around the world, with details for communities about how to organize and implement a local Transition initiative. Examples of approaches to providing food and energy, building local economies, relearning skills, and building community illustrate how the transition to a post-carbon world can be pleasant and joyful.

——. The Transition Companion: Making Your Community More Resilient in Uncertain Times. White River, VT: Chelsea Green, 2011.

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A handbook for organizing and implementing a local Transition initiative, building and expanding on the 2008 Transition Handbook.

ISO. Guidance on Social Responsibility. Geneva: ISO, 2010.Ivanova, Maria. “A New Global Architecture for Sustainability Governance.” In State of the

World 2012: Moving Toward Sustainable Prosperity, Worldwatch Institute, 104–18. Washington, DC: Island Press, 2012.

Johnsen, Thomas E., Mickey Howard, and Joe Miemczyk. Purchasing and Supply Chain Management: A Sustainability Perspective. New York: Routledge, 2014.The bulk of this book deals with professional purchasing practice generally, with the final chapter focused on sustainable supply networks.

Jones, Van. The Green Collar Economy. New York: HarperOne, 2009.Lays out details of a proposed “Green New Deal,” a reimagining of the New Deal that helped bring the U.S. out of the Great Depression, with a focus on diversity and environmental justice.

Kaner, Sam. Facilitator’s Guide to Participatory Decision-Making, 3rd ed. New York: John Wiley, 2014.A thorough handbook of techniques for designing meetings and leading group processes, with examples and guidance on handling facilitation challenges.

Makower, Joel. Strategies for the Green Economy. New York: McGraw Hill, 2009.A book that provides practical strategies for business within the context of a larger framework. Chapters give an overview of green business and consumer demand, examine the question, “how good is good enough?” then evaluate how and whether those efforts can be sufficient to address modern environmental challenges.

Moratis, Lars. ISO 26000: The Business Guide to the New Standard on Social Responsibility. Sheffield, UK: Greenleaf Publishing, 2011.A guide to understanding and using the voluntary social responsibility (SR) framework contained in ISO 26000. Provides definitions, an overview of content, recommendations for integrating SR into an organization, benchmarking exercises, and case studies.

Nattrass, Brian and Mary Altomare. The Natural Step for Business: Wealth, Ecology and the Evolutionary Corporation. Gabriola Island, BC: New Society Publishers, 1999.

——. Dancing with the Tiger: Learning Sustainability Step by Natural Step. Gabriola Island, BC: New Society Publishers, 2002.Case studies of corporations, organizations, and communities who used The Natural Step framework to plan and implement change for sustainability.

Olson, Eric G. Better Green Business: Handbook for Environmentally Responsible and Profitable Business Practices. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 2009.

Petts, J., ed. Handbook of Environmental Impact Assessment. Volume 1, Environmental Impact Assessment: Process, Methods and Potential. Oxford, UK: Blackwell, 1999.

Phyper, John-David and Paul MacLean. Good to Green: Managing Business Risks and Opportunities in the Age of Environmental Awareness. New York: John Wiley, 2009.Strategic planning to address environmental issues and market demands for businesses.

Putman, Andrea and Michael Philips. The Business Case for Renewable Energy: A Guide for Colleges and Universities. Washington, DC: National Association of College and University Business Officers (NACUBO), Leadership in Educational Facilities (APPA), and Society for College and University Planners (SCUP), 2006.

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Randers, Jorgen. 2052: A Global Forecast for the Next Forty Years. White River Junction, VT: Chelsea Green, 2012.A rigorous and data-driven assessment from one of the three co-authors of the seminal 1972 study Limits to Growth. Forty years after the publication of Limits to Growth, the author reviews and synthesizes research data from over 30 experts in a range of specialties, from which he develops plausible scenarios for changes in population, consumption, social structure, food, energy, and climate for the next 40 years.

Raskin, Paul, et al. Great Transition: The Promise and Lure of the Times Ahead. Boston, MA: Stockholm Environment Institute, 2002.

Robèrt, Karl H. The Natural Step Story: Seeding a Quiet Revolution. Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2008.The story of the evolution of The Natural Step framework and the science and principles behind it, written by the physician who developed it.

Robèrt, Karl H., G. Basile, G. Broman, et al. Strategic Leadership towards Sustainability. Karlskrona, Sweden: Blekinge Institute of Technology, 2004.The core curriculum for the master’s program, Strategic Leadership towards Sustainability, built upon systems thinking and the principles and strategies of The Natural Step framework.

Rogers, Everett M. Diffusion of Innovations, 5th ed. New York: Free Press, 2003.Detailed discussion of research and theory on innovation: development, decision, adoption, and diffusion, and the role of change agents. Written by the sociologist who first introduced the theory of Diffusion of Innovations in 1962.

Schendler, Auden. Getting Green Done: Hard Truths from the Front Lines of the Sustainability Revolution. Philadelphia, PA: Public Affairs, 2009.A pragmatic guide to facing the difficulties of implementing sustainability and overcoming social, cultural, and psychological barriers to confronting the realities of climate change

Schwartz, Peter. The Art of the Long View: Planning for the Future in an Uncertain World. New York: Currency Doubleday, 1996.The classic work on scenario planning, from a central figure in the field.

Senge, Peter, Bryan Smith, Nina Kruschwitz, Joe Laur, and Sara Schley. The Necessary Revolution: Working Together to Create a Sustainable World. New York: Broadway Books, 2010.A guide to working collaboratively with diverse groups of people in businesses and other organizations in developing more sustainable approaches.

Sheldon, Christopher and Mark Yoxon. Environmental Management Systems: A Step-by-Step Guide to Implementation and Maintenance, 3rd ed. London: Earthscan, 2012.A guide to planning and implementing environmental management systems, using ISO 14000 to inform the process.

Sitarz, Daniel. Greening Your Business: The Hands-on Guide to Creating a Successful and Sustainable Business. Carbondale, IL: Earthpress, 2008.A thorough guide to implementing a sustainable business plan, with an overview of green business concepts and detailed steps for sustainability planning and implementation.

Stibbe, Arran, ed. The Handbook of Sustainability Literacy: Skills for a Changing World. Devon, UK: Green Books, 2009.A collection of essays by experts in sustainability and other fields exploring the skills that will be needed in order to survive and thrive through the challenges of the coming century.

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Covers a range of sustainability topics including systems thinking, ecological literacy, and transition skills.

Sukhdev, Pavan. “Transforming the Corporation into a Driver of Sustainability.” In State of the World 2013: Is Sustainability Still Possible? Worldwatch Institute, 143–53. Washington, DC: Island Press, 2013.An analysis of the roles of corporations in exceeding planetary boundaries and the possibilities for transformation, including taxes and subsidies as incentives, regulations on elements such as reserves and capital adequacy ratios, advertising norms and standards, and requiring the reporting of positive and negative externalities in corporate annual reports.

van der Heijden, Kees. Scenarios: The Art of Strategic Conversation, 2nd ed. New York: John Wiley, 2005. A detailed handbook for using scenario planning in business.

Vries, Bert J. M. de. Sustainability Science. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2013.

The authoritative textbook in the field of sustainability science.Wackernagel, Mathis and William Rees. Our Ecological Footprint: Reducing Human Impact on

the Earth. Gabriola Island, BC: New Society Publishers, 1995.The original work which introduced the Ecological Footprint concept, a measure of the demand humans place on nature expressed as land area.

White, Allen L. and Monica Baraldi. “Reinventing the Corporation.” In State of the World 2012: Moving Toward Sustainable Prosperity, Worldwatch Institute, 87–103. Washington, DC: Island Press, 2012.

Willard, Bob. The Sustainability Advantage: Seven Business Case Benefits of a Triple Bottom Line. Gabriola Island, BC: New Society Publishers, 2002.A handbook to help managers make the business case for sustainability, written in the language of business by a former executive at IBM.

——. The Sustainability Champion’s Guidebook: How to Transform Your Company. Gabriola Island, BC: New Society Publishers, 2009.

——. The New Sustainability Advantage: Seven Business Case Benefits of a Triple Bottom Line, 10th anniversary edition. Gabriola Island, BC: New Society Publishers, 2012.An updated version of the original 2002 edition.

Worldwatch Institute. State of the World 2010: Transforming Cultures From Consumerism to Sustainability. New York: W.W. Norton, 2010.State of the World reports are edited collections published annually by the authoritative Worldwatch Institute. Each edition explores a different sustainability theme with essays by recognized experts in their respective fields.

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Websites

2Degrees. http://www.2degreesnetwork.com/A global community of individual professionals and businesses sharing information and resources about sustainable business.

Accounting for Sustainability Project, The Prince’s. http://www.accountingforsustainability.orgAccounting and finance tools for decision-making and reporting in businesses and the public sector, established by the Prince of Wales.

AXIS Performance Advisors. http://www.axisperformance.com/Sustainability planning consultants and developers of the International Society of Sustainability Professionals (ISSP). The business is no longer in practice, but links to information booklets and other resources remain available on their website.

Buy Smart+. http://www.buy-smart.info/A project funded by the Intelligent Energy Europe Programme of the European Union which provides free consultation, training materials, information on eco-labels, case studies, best practices, and other information about green procurement.

Carbon footprint calculators. http://buildcarbonneutral.org, http://www.carboncounter.org/, and http://www.carbonfootprint.com/

Ceres. http://www.ceres.org/ A nonprofit organization composed of a network of investors, corporations, and public interest groups working for sustainable business practices and solutions. Founded in 1989 in response to the Exxon Valdez oil spill, co-founders included Denis Hayes, founder of Earth Day, and several investors.

Community Wealth.http://community-wealth.org/A project of the Democracy Collaborative that brings together resources about B-Corps, community development corporations (CDCs), food hubs, reclaiming the commons, community wealth-building, and worker-owned cooperatives such as Spain’s Mondragón Cooperative Corporation and Cleveland, Ohio’s Evergreen Cooperatives.

Donella Meadows Institute, formerly Sustainability Institute. http://www.donellameadows.org/Provides research, tools, workshops, and activities to apply systems thinking and collaborative learning to economic, environmental, and social challenges.

EPEAT. Green Electronics Council. http://www.epeat.net/ A global environmental rating system to help purchasers identify greener electronics products. Website includes educational resources, model policy language, sample contract language, and a registry of third-party verified products.

European Environment Agency. Green Public Procurement. http://ec.europa.eu/environment/gpp/index_en.htm Resources for procurement in the public sector including training, fact sheets, handbooks, case studies, and other resources offered in multiple languages.

European Environment Agency: Indicators. http://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/indicators/Indicators and fact sheets about Europe’s environment.

Gapminder, Hans Rosling. http://www.gapminder.org/world/Website that illustrates global trends using clear, attractive displays of data.

Global Footprint Network: Ecological Footprint. http://www.footprintstandards.org/Provides footprint calculator, data on ecological footprints of countries, research, and information on a wide variety of related topics.

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Global Footprint Network: Ecological Footprint Atlas. http://www.footprintnetwork.org/atlasThe atlas itself.

Global Reporting Initiative (GRI). http://www.globalreporting.org/Detailed sustainability reporting framework, the international standard for sustainability reporting.

GreenBiz.com. http://www.greenbiz.com/Organization founded by sustainable business consultant Joel Makower and focused on sustainability in business. Newsletters, reports, tools, and a career resource center. Conferences include GreenBiz Forum and VERGE.

Greenhouse Gas Protocol. http://www.ghgprotocol.org/The internationally recognized, standardized method for reporting and verifying greenhouse gas inventory data, reporting and monitoring greenhouse gas emission reductions, and validating and verifying inventory and reduction data. Provides calculation tools and reporting protocols.

Greening Business. http://www.esci.keele.ac.uk/greeningbusiness/An online teaching resource from Keele University, UK.

Institute of Environmental Management and Assessment (IEMA). http://www.iema.net/Organization of professional environmental management practitioners. Headquartered in the UK, with members worldwide.

International Integrated Reporting Council (IIRC). http://www.theiirc.orgInternational Society of Sustainability Professionals (ISSP).

http://www.sustainabilityprofessionals.org/Resources and networking for sustainability practitioners.

Life Cycle Analysis and Assessment. http://www.gdrc.org/uem/lca/life-cycle.htmlOverview and some helpful cautions from the nonprofit Global Development Research Center.

The Natural Step. http://www.naturalstep.org/Provides training in the Natural Step framework, free toolkits, and other resources in several languages for businesses and communities.

Responsible Purchasing Network. http://www.responsiblepurchasing.org An international network of buyers dedicated to socially responsible and environmentally sustainable purchasing. Website offers educational publications for new and established purchasing programs, a guide to eco-labels, purchasing guides for various product sectors, and other resources.

Solutions. http://www.thesolutionsjournal.com/An interdisciplinary print and online journal and forum for discussions focusing on sustainable solutions to complex problems from the perspective of whole systems design.

SustainAbility. http://www.sustainability.com/Think tank and consulting firm focused on business leadership in sustainability, cofounded by John Elkington, developer of the triple bottom line concept.

Sustainability Accounting Standards Board. http://www.sasb.orgSustainability Advantage. http://www.sustainabilityadvantage.com/

Resources from corporate sustainability consultant Bob Willard. Includes books, worksheets, and slideshows for communicating the business case.

Sustainable Endowments Institute. “Billion Dollar Green Challenge.” http://GreenBillion.org Resources at http://GreenBillion.org/resources include implementation guides, an investment

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primer for financial officers, an investment-tracking dashboard, sample documents, and case studies.

Sustainable Measures: Sustainability Indicators 101. http://www.sustainablemeasures.com/indicatorsThe former consulting firm led by Maureen Hart, now executive director of the International Society of Sustainability Professionals (ISSP). Although the consulting firm is no longer active, its resources remain freely available on the website.

Sustainable Purchasing Leadership Council (SPLC). http://www.purchasingcouncil.org/Nonprofit organization providing education, measurement and benchmarking tools, conferences, and other resources for purchasing professionals.

Sustainable Seattle. http://www.sustainableseattle.org/An initiative whose sustainability indicators, developed through community participation, are often cited as exemplars and used as models for others. The program has expanded and now promotes a broad range of community sustainability initiatives and activities.

United Nations Environmental Programme: Green Jobs: Towards Decent Work in a Sustainable, Low-Carbon World.” Worldwatch Institute, 2008. http://www.unep.org/labour_environment/features/greenjobs.aspA report on employment and potential job creation in several sectors, with recommendations for policymakers, business, and labor. Produced by the Worldwatch Institute in connection with the UN Green Jobs Initiative.

United Nations Global Compact. http://www.unglobalcompact.org/A UN initiative that works with companies to implement principles of human rights, labor, environment, and anti-corruption.

United Nations Millennium Development Goals 2000. http://www.un.org/millenniumgoals/A project of the United Nations Development Programme. An agreement signed by the member nations in 2000 to cut all forms of extreme poverty by half within 15 years, using a set of eight goals.

United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. http://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/sustainable-development-goals.htmlA project of the United Nations Development Programme. An agreement signed by the member nations in 2015 to carry forward the work of the Millennium Development Goals, using a system of 17 goals with 169 measurable targets and indicators.

U.S. EPA: Environmental Management Systems (EMS). www.epa.gov/ems/ Explains the basics of environmental management systems, their costs and benefits, information about implementation, and an introduction to ISO 14001, with links to training and other resources.

U.S. EPA: Environmentally Preferred Purchasing Program (EPP). http://www.epa.gov/oppt/epp/A source for information about how to approach environmentally preferable purchasing, performance standards, finding and evaluating green products and services, measurement tools, and other resources.

U.S. EPA: Green Purchasing Guides. http://www.epa.gov/epp/pubs/greenguides.htmLinks to green purchasing guides through the EPA’s Environmentally Preferable Purchasing program.

Water Footprint Network. http://www.waterfootprint.org/ Online community dedicated to research, education, and training about water issues, headquartered in the Netherlands and cofounded by Arjen Hoekstra, creator of the water

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footprint concept. The website includes water footprint statistics for individual crops and products and water footprint calculators, both quick and in-depth versions, for individuals, corporations, nations, and the world.

World Business Council for Sustainable Development. http://www.wbcsd.org/A CEO-led coalition of international companies focused on business and sustainable development. Originated at the 1992 UN Earth Summit held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

World Resources Institute: Business. http://www.wri.org/our-work/topics/business Facts, data, and other information about global research.

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16. Education

Articles, Chapters, and Papers

Center for Green Schools. National Action Plan for Educating for Sustainability. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2014. An initiative from the U.S. Green Building Council whose vision is that by 2040 all students are able to integrate environment, economy, and equity and are able to apply systems thinking to problem-solving and decision-making. Identifies key actions, each illustrated by case studies, and includes an implementation timeline.

Charles, Leonard, Jim Dodge, Lynn Milliman, and Victoria Stockley. “Where You At? A Bioregional Quiz.” CoEvolution Quarterly, vol. 32 (winter 1981): 1.A quiz that tests place-based knowledge, often used in design and environmental studies programs as a way to stimulate bioregional thinking.

How on Earth. “A Simple Question: The Story of STRAW.” http://how-on-earth.org/straw.html Describes how one child’s question—“But what can we do?”—resulted in a watershed education program based on learning by doing, which then grew into a network of educators, scientists, and community members with experiential restoration projects across a four-county region.

Humblet, Emmanuelle M., Rebecca Owens, Leo Pierre Roy, David McIntyre, Peggy Meehan, and Leith Sharp. “Roadmap to a Green Campus.” Washington, DC: U.S. Green Building Council, 2010.A guide to planning and implementing a campus-wide strategy of sustainable landscapes and green buildings using LEED certification as a framework, with guidance on participation, communication, and campus as curriculum. Developed through the USGBC’s Center for Green Schools.

Johnson, Julie M. “Design for Learning: Values, Qualities and Processes of Enriching School Landscapes.” Landscape Architecture Technical Information Series. Washington, DC: American Society of Landscape Architects, 2000.

Keen, Mike F. and Krista Bailey. “The Natural Step for Colleges and Universities.” Sustainability: The Journal of Record, vol. 5 no. 3 (June 2012): 147–51. doi: 10.1089/sus.2012.9956

Moore, Robin C. and Clare Cooper Marcus. “Healthy Planet, Healthy Children: Designing Nature into the Daily Spaces of Childhood.” In Biophilic Design: The Theory, Science, and Practice of Bringing Buildings to Life, eds. Stephen R. Kellert, Judith H. Heerwagen, and Martin L. Mador. New York: John Wiley, 2008.

Orr, David W. “Walking North on a Southbound Train.” Conservation Biology, vol. 17 no. 2 (April 2003): 348–51.Discussion of how social, political, and economic conditions keep us moving in the wrong direction; our efforts to make changes are too small and too disconnected, while the issues we face are systemic and must be solved at a systems scale.

——. “What is Higher Education for Now?” In State of the World 2010: Transforming Cultures From Consumerism to Sustainability, Worldwatch Institute, 75–82. New York: W.W. Norton, 2010.A summary of the framework for educating for environmental and sustainability literacy in higher education.

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Rolston, Holmes, III. “Earth Ethics: A Challenge to Liberal Education.” In Earth Summit Ethics: Toward a Reconstructive Postmodern Philosophy of Environmental Education, eds. J. Baird Callicott and Fernando R. da Rocha. Albany, NY: State University of New York, 1996.An essay on how universities of the world are responsible for the knowledge which has resulted in environmental degradation, and how they must transform to become part of the solution.

Samuelsson, Ingrid Pramling and Yoshie Kaga. “Early Childhood Education to Transform Cultures for Sustainability.” In State of the World 2010: Transforming Cultures From Consumerism to Sustainability, Worldwatch Institute, 57–61. New York: W.W. Norton, 2010.

Schrand, Tom. “Teaching Sustainability 101: How Do We Structure an Introductory Course?” Sustainability: The Journal of Record, vol. 6 no. 4 (August 2013): 207–10. doi: 10.1089/sus.2013.9853Panel discussion among five faculty who have taught Introduction to Sustainability courses, from the 2012 Association for the Advancement of Sustainability in Higher Education conference.

Second Nature. Advancing Education for Sustainability: Teaching the Concepts of Sustainable Building to All Students. Second Nature and the U.S. Green Building Council, 2010.A strategy document that explores the integration of sustainable building principles into the higher education curriculum for all students. Identifies core concepts, provides a flow chart of action steps, and offers case studies.

Stone, Michael K. and Zenobia Barlow. “Smart by Nature: Schooling for Sustainability.” In The Post Carbon Reader: Managing the 21st Century’s Sustainability Crises, eds. Richard Heinberg and Daniel Lerch, 409–18. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 2010.An overview of the principles of place-based learning and learning by doing practice at the Center for Ecoliteracy and described in Stone and Barlow’s books Ecological Literacy and Smart by Nature.

Svanström, Magdalena, Francisco J. Lozano-García, and Debra Rowe. “Learning Outcomes for Sustainable Development in Higher Education.” International Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education, vol. 9 no. 3 (2008): 339–51. A survey of commonalities in learning outcomes for education for sustainable development: systems thinking, diversity of perspectives, critical thinking, attitudes and values, and skills for change agents.

Wood, Nancy Lee. “Community Colleges: A Vital Resource for Education in the Post-Carbon Era.” In The Post Carbon Reader: Managing the 21st Century’s Sustainability Crises, eds. Richard Heinberg and Daniel Lerch, 419–26. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 2010.The role of community colleges in developing knowledge and skills necessary for the transition to a post-carbon world.

Books

Barlett, Peggy F. and Geoffrey W. Chase, ed. Sustainability on Campus: Stories and Strategies for Change. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2004.A series of case studies from U.S. colleges and universities.

——. Sustainability in Higher Education: Stories and Strategies for Transformation. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2013.

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Berkes, F., J. Colding, and C. Folke, eds. Navigating Social-Ecological Systems. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2003.

Creighton, Sarah Hammond. Greening the Ivory Tower: Improving the Environmental Track Record of Universities, Colleges, and Other Institutions. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1998.Strategies for infusing sustainability into operations in higher education.

Danks, Sharon Gamson. Asphalt to Ecosystems: Design ideas for Schoolyard Transformation. Oakland, CA: New Village Press, 2010.A guide to designing and building natural play areas and school grounds that function as outdoor classrooms, with color illustrations and numerous examples.

Heinberg, Richard and Daniel Lerch, eds. The Post Carbon Reader: Managing the 21st Century’s Sustainability Crises. Healdsburg, CA: Watershed Media, 2010.This thoughtful collection of papers by recognized experts is one of the clearest and most comprehensive books on sustainability issues, potential solutions, and interconnectedness. Topics include sustainability concepts, climate, water, biodiversity, food, population, culture, energy, economics, cities, transportation, waste, health, education, and resilience.

Hutchison, David and David W. Orr. A Natural History of Place in Education. New York: Teachers College Press, 2004.The meaning of place in education, place-based learning, and the design of places for learning, written in the language of educators.

Johnston, L. F., ed. Higher Education for Sustainability: Cases, Challenges, and Opportunities from across the Curriculum. New York: Routledge, 2013.

Kellert, Stephen R. Building for Life: Designing and Understanding the Human–Nature Connection. Washington, DC: Island Press, 2005.A detailed survey of the theory and concepts of biophilia, from the field’s primary developer.

Kellert, Stephen R. and Edward O. Wilson, eds. The Biophilia Hypothesis. Washington, DC: Island Press, 1993.The original classic explication of the Biophilia Hypothesis, with chapters by its leading scholars.

Kellert, Stephen R., Judith H. Heerwagen, and Martin L. Mador, eds. Biophilic Design: The Theory, Science, and Practice of Bringing Buildings to Life. New York: John Wiley, 2008. A groundbreaking guide to the field of biophilic design, with essays by leading scholars of sustainability and design. Thoroughly covers the theory and science of biophilia and the practice of biophilic design .

Keniry, Julian. Ecodemia: Campus Environmental Stewardship at the Turn of the 21st Century. National Wildlife Federation, 1995.An early resource for implementing sustainability on college and university campuses.

Louv, Richard. Last Child in the Woods: Saving Our Children from Nature-Deficit Disorder. Chapel Hill, NC: Algonquin, 2008.An influential book that popularized the concept of natural play environments for lay audiences. Details the benefits of childhood interaction with nature and immersion in natural settings.

——. The Nature Principle: Reconnecting with Life in a Virtual Age. Chapel Hill, NC: Algonquin, 2012.An exploration of the restorative power of the natural world and its benefits for cognition, health, economies, and communities, written for lay audiences.

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M’Gonigle, Michael and Justine Starke. Planet U: Sustaining the World, Reinventing the University. Gabriola Island, BC: New Society Publishers, 2006.A survey of the history of higher education, an examination of how it can evolve, and its role in facilitating the transition to sustainability.

Orr, David W. Ecological Literacy: Education and the Transition to a Postmodern World. New York: State University of New York Press, 1992.

——. Earth in Mind: On Education, Environment, and the Human Prospect. Washington, DC: Island Press, 2004.David Orr is a significant figure in education for sustainability. A professor at Oberlin College, he is the founder and executive director of the visionary Oberlin Project, a prolific author, sought-after speaker, and winner of numerous honors. Dr. Orr is a tireless, passionate advocate for ecological literacy in education whose writing is articulate and literate.

Phillips, Anne. Holistic Education: Learning from Schumacher College. Dartington: Green Books, 2008.An examination of the structure and pedagogy of the UK college, some of whose visiting professors are leading figures in the world of sustainability.

Plant, Judith, Christopher Plant, Van Andruss, and Eleanor Wright. Home! A Bioregional Reader. Gabriola Island, BC: New Catalyst Books, 2008.New edition of the 1990 collection of essays on bioregionalism.

Rappaport, Ann and Sarah Creighton. Degrees that Matter: Climate Change and the University. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2007.A detailed look at planning and implementing climate action plans and sustainability initiatives in higher education.

Sayan, Charles and Daniel Blumstein. The Failure of Environmental Education (And How We Can Fix It). Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 2011.

Smith, Gregory A. and Dilafruz R. Williams, eds. Ecological Education in Action: On Weaving Education, Culture, and the Environment. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, 1999.

Snow, C. P. The Two Cultures and the Scientific Revolution, reissued. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2012.A re-issue of Snow’s influential 1959 lecture on the division between the humanities and the sciences which argued that a rigid division between disciplines was a major obstacle to solving global problems.

Sobel, David. Place-based Education: Connecting Classrooms and Communities. Great Barrington, MA: Orion Society, 2004.The practice and pedagogy of place-based learning.

Stibbe, Arran, ed. The Handbook of Sustainability Literacy: Skills for a Changing World. Totnes, UK: Green Books, 2009. A collection of essays by experts in sustainability and other fields exploring the skills that will be needed in order to survive and thrive through the challenges of the coming century. Covers a range of sustainability topics including systems thinking, ecological literacy, and transition skills.

Stone, Michael K. Smart by Nature. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 2009.A discussion of education that points the way toward learning by doing, illustrated by numerous successful examples. Presents strategies for greening the campus, infusing

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sustainability into the curriculum, conducting environmental audits, learning through food, and transforming schools into models of sustainable community.

Stone, Michael K. and Zenobia Barlow, eds. Ecological Literacy: Educating Our Children for a Sustainable World. San Francisco, CA: Sierra Club Books, 2005.A robust approach to education built on systems thinking, that is, becoming ecologically literate. Edited by the director and senior editor at the Center for Ecoliteracy in Berkeley, California.

Vincent, Shirley. Interdisciplinary Environmental Education on the Nation’s Campuses: Elements of Field Identity and Curriculum Design. Washington, DC: National Council of Science and Environment, 2010.A report on a comprehensive study of U.S. interdisciplinary programs and degrees.

Williams, Dilafruz and Jonathan Brown. Learning Gardens and Sustainability Education. New York: Routledge, 2011.The theoretical and conceptual framework of the role of learning gardens in sustainability education. Includes an emphasis on the importance of soil.

Worldwatch Institute. State of the World 2010: Transforming Cultures. New York: W.W. Norton, 2010.State of the World reports are edited collections published annually by the authoritative Worldwatch Institute. Each edition explores a different sustainability theme with essays by recognized experts in their respective fields.

Websites

Adam Joseph Lewis Center for Environmental Studies, Oberlin College, Ohio. http://www.oberlin.edu/ajlcAn early exemplar of environmental design, designed by a team of students and designers and led by Cradle-to-Cradle architect William McDonough, a zero-energy building that treats its own wastewater.

American College and University Presidents’ Climate Commitment. http://www.presidentsclimatecommitment.org/An agreement signed by several hundred U.S. college and university presidents, agreeing that their institutions will measure and report their greenhouse gas emissions, develop and implement action plans for becoming climate neutral, and make climate neutrality part of their curriculum.

Association for the Advancement of Sustainability in Higher Education (AASHE). http://www.aashe.org/An association of colleges and universities in the U.S. and Canada offering research, workshops, conferences, newsletters, an online resource center, and the Sustainability Tracking, Assessment & Rating System (STARS), a sustainability reporting tool used by institutions of higher education.

Campus Ecology, National Wildlife Federation. http://www.nwf.org/campus-ecology.aspxA program that works to protect wildlife and habitat on campuses through educational events, resources, and campus wildlife habitat certification.

Center for Ecoliteracy. http://www.ecoliteracy.org/A nonprofit organization that works to advance education for sustainable living through initiatives in school food, habitat, and curriculum, including the initiative “Smart by Nature: Schooling for Sustainability.”

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Center for Place-Based Learning and Community Engagement. http://www.promiseofplace.org/A public–private partnership centered in New England that works to advance place-based learning through research, technical assistance, and advocacy.

Earth Exploration Toolbook. http://serc.carleton.edu/eet/index.htmlA peer-reviewed collection of online science Earth system science activities for teaching with data, including data sets, analysis tools, and case studies, written for high school and college educators.

EcoSchool Design. http://www.ecoschools.com/ Links to resources for ecological schoolyards.

Global Learning and Observations to Benefit the Environment (GLOBE). https://www.globe.gov/ A worldwide hands-on, primary and secondary school-based science and education program which allows students, teachers, and scientists to collaborate on research, in partnership with NASA, NOAA, and the NSF Earth System Science Projects.

Green Schools Initiative. http://www.greenschools.net/A nonprofit organization that works primarily through volunteer effort to reduce the environmental footprints of schools.

Green Teacher. http://www.greenteacher.com/A magazine for K–12 educators.

Handbook of Sustainability Literacy. http://www.sustainability-literacy.org/Access the book, additional chapters, and additional information related to learning and thriving in the world of the coming century.

Mary E. Silveira Elementary School, San Rafael, California: school-wide jobs. http://www.marysilveira.org/index.php/programs-services/school-wide-jobsA school where students can choose to participate in the work of operating and caring for the school, its programs, facilities, and grounds.

National Wildlife Federation Campus Ecology Program. http://www.nwf.org/campusecologySee “Campus Ecology.”

Natural Learning Initiative, North Carolina State University. http://www.naturalearning.org/A program that promotes the importance of the natural environment in childhood learning, through research, education, design, and outreach.

Second Nature. http://www.secondnature.org/A nonprofit organization that promotes sustainability in higher education learning and practice.

Students and Teachers Restoring a Watershed (STRAW). http://www.bay.org/watershed_education.htmA watershed-education network of educators, scientists, and community members with experiential restoration projects for children across a four-county region.

Warren Wilson College, Asheville, North Carolina: work component of education. http://www.warren-wilson.edu/work/ A program in which every student of the college is assigned to work crews engaged in the operation of the college in return for a credit toward tuition costs.

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17. Working as Agents for Change

Articles, Chapters, and Papers

Adamson, Rebecca, Danielle Nierenberg, and Olivia Arnow. “Valuing Indigenous Peoples.” In State of the World 2013: Is Sustainability Still Possible? Worldwatch Institute, 210–17. Washington, DC: Island Press, 2013.An examination of the marginalization or even evictions of indigenous peoples as a result of conservation activities, and various initiatives and policies that work to protect and respect indigenous peoples and their practices.

Andersen, Robin and Pamela Miller. “Media Literacy, Citizenship, and Sustainability.” In State of the World 2010: Transforming Cultures From Consumerism to Sustainability, Worldwatch Institute, 157–63. New York: W.W. Norton, 2010.

Ansell, C. and C. Gash. “Collaborative Governance in Theory and Practice.” Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, vol. 18 (2008): 543–71.

Arnstein, S. “The Ladder of Citizen participation.” Journal of the Institute of American Planners, vol. 35 (1969): 16–24.

Assadourian, Erik. “The Living Earth Ethical Principles: Spreading Community.” World Watch Magazine, September/October 2009: 38–39.

——. “Building an Enduring Environmental Movement.” In State of the World 2013: Is Sustainability Still Possible? Worldwatch Institute, 292–303. Washington, DC: Island Press, 2013.Discussions of constructive and realistic approaches to being agents of change, by a senior fellow of the Worldwatch Institute.

Bäckstrand, L. “Civic Science for Sustainability: Reframing the Role of Experts, Policy Makers and Citizens in Environmental Governance.” Global Environmental Politics, vol. 3 (2003): 24–41.

Barabási, Albert-László and Eric Bonabeau. “Scale-Free Networks.” Scientific American, May 2003: 50–59.An exploration of the science of scale-free networks, a recurring feature of complex systems throughout the biosphere and thus an important concept in systems thinking.

Bierman, F. and P. Pattberg. “Global Environmental Governance: Taking Stock, Moving Forward.” Annual Review of Environment and Resources, 33 (2008): 277–94.

Butler, Katy. “Winning Words.” Sierra, vol. 89 no. 4 (July–August 2004): 54.Csutora, Maria. “One More Awareness Gap? The Behaviour–Impact Gap Problem.” Journal of

Consumption Policy, March 2012: 149.Dawson, Jonathan. “Ecovillages and the Transformation of Values.” In State of the World 2010:

Transforming Cultures From Consumerism to Sustainability, Worldwatch Institute, 185–90. New York: W.W. Norton, 2010.

Engelman, Robert. “Beyond Sustainababble.” In State of the World 2013: Is Sustainability Still Possible? Worldwatch Institute, 3–16. Washington, DC: Island Press, 2013.A discussion of sustainable development, what it means, and whether it is possible.

Finfrock, Jesse. “Q&A: John Elkington.” Mother Jones, November/December 2008: 10.A revealing look at how Elkington came to coin the now-famous term, “triple bottom line.”

Foti, Joseph. “Getting Local Government Right.” In State of the World 2012: Moving Toward Sustainable Prosperity, Worldwatch Institute, 183–90. Washington, DC: Island Press, 2012.

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Gardner, Gary. “Ritual and Taboo as Ecological Guardians.” In State of the World 2010: Transforming Cultures From Consumerism to Sustainability, Worldwatch Institute, 30–35. New York: W.W. Norton, 2010.

Glock, Clarinha. “Rio+20 Doubts over Impact of Sustainable Development Dialogues.” Inter Press Service, June 19, 2012.A report on the discussions of a program for encouraging public participation in the debates at Rio+20.

Gordon, Larry. “All You Can Carry: College Cafeterias Go Trayless.” Los Angeles Times, September 14, 2009.

Green, Paula. “Shaping Community Responses to Catastrophe.” In State of the World 2013: Is Sustainability Still Possible? Worldwatch Institute, 363–73. Washington, DC: Island Press, 2013.A look at constructive responses and community resilience in the face of disasters, increasingly relevant in planning for climate displacements, resource depletion, and other dislocations in a destabilized era.

Haag, Richard. “Eco-Revelatory Design: The Challenge of the Exhibit.” Landscape Journal, vol. 17, special issue (1998): 72–79.An essay on making processes visible and letting them speak for themselves as a way of communicating.

Hogben, Susan. “It’s (Not) Easy Being Green: Unpacking Visual Rhetoric and Environmental Claims in Car, Energy and Utility Advertisements in the UK.” Language & Ecology, vol. 3 no. 1 (2009).A scholarly examination of greenwashing with visual imagery.

Hopkins, Rob. “What Can Communities Do?” In The Post Carbon Reader: Managing the 21st Century’s Sustainability Crises, eds. Richard Heinberg and Daniel Lerch, 442–51. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 2010.An encouraging overview of ways that communities can lead the transition to a post-carbon world, from the leading voice of the Transition movement.

Kemp, R., S. Parto, and R. Gibson. “Governance for Sustainable Development: Moving from Theory to Practice.” International Journal of Sustainable Development, vol. 8 (2005): 12–30.

LaChapelle, Dolores. “Ritual is Essential: Art and Ceremony in Sustainable Culture.” In Context, Spring 1984. Reprinted in The Deep Ecology Movement: An Introductory Anthology, eds. Alan R. Drengson and Yuichi Inoue, 219–22. Berkeley, CA: North Atlantic Books, 1995.An innovative look at how to foster an intimate connection to place and to the biosphere, from an independent scholar who was one of the early voices of deep ecology.

Lakoff, George. “Winning Words.” Sierra Magazine, July/August 2004.An article for nonscientists from a cognitive linguistics scholar who studies how the language and metaphors we use can reframe environmental and social issues.

Leach, Melissa. “Pathways to Sustainability: Building Political Strategies.” In State of the World 2013: Is Sustainability Still Possible? Worldwatch Institute, 234–43. Washington, DC: Island Press, 2013.A discussion of the fundamentally political nature of sustainability challenges and strategies for governance.

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Leonard, Annie. “Moving from Individual Change to Societal Change.” In State of the World 2013: Is Sustainability Still Possible? Worldwatch Institute, 244–52. Washington, DC: Island Press, 2013.A discussion of the proportionally small impact of individual behavioral choices and the necessity of moving beyond personal behavior to broad, societal restructuring.

Lerch, Daniel. Six Foundations for Building Community Resilience. Santa Rosa, CA: Post Carbon Institute, 2015.

Maniates, Michael, “Individualization: Plant a Tree, Buy a Bike, Save the World?” In Confronting Consumption, eds. Thomas Princen, Michael Maniates, and Ken Conca. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2002.A discussion of the belief that environmental degradation is the product of individual shortcomings that can be countered simply by different individual choices in consumption, with a scholarly analysis of the fundamental necessity for collective political action.

——. “Editing Out Unsustainable Behavior.” In State of the World 2010, Worldwatch Institute, 3–20. New York: W.W. Norton, 2010.

——. “Teaching for Turbulence.” In State of the World 2013: Is Sustainability Still Possible? Worldwatch Institute, 255–68. Washington, DC: Island Press, 2013.An essay on preparing students for the inevitable turbulence in the transition to a post-carbon future.

Martin, Brian. “Effective Crisis Governance.” In State of the World 2013: Is Sustainability Still Possible? Worldwatch Institute, 269–78. Washington, DC: Island Press, 2013.A discussion of the characteristics of effective flexible governance.

Mazur, Laurie. “Cultivating Resilience in a Dangerous World.” In State of the World 2013: Is Sustainability Still Possible? Worldwatch Institute, 353–62. Washington, DC: Island Press, 2013.A discussion of the application of resilience theory in ecosystems to social systems.

McNall, Scott G. and George Basile. “How to Create a New Narrative for Sustainability That Will Work: And Why It Matters.” Sustainability: The Journal of Record, vol. 6 no. 6 (December 2013): 297–301. doi: 10.1089/sus.2013.9835An examination of why pessimistic environmental narratives as well as those that offer only causal connections are not sufficient to bring about social change. Proposes frameworks for narratives with a positive focus that result in action.

Meadowcroft, J. “What about the Politics? Sustainable Development, Transition Management, and Long Term Energy Transitions.” Policy Science, vol. 42 (2009): 323–40.

Miller, Asher. “What Now? The Path Forward Begins with One Step.” In The Post Carbon Reader: Managing the 21st Century’s Sustainability Crises, eds. Richard Heinberg and Daniel Lerch, 455–58. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 2010.

Olsson, P., et al. “Shooting the Rapids: Navigating Transitions to Adaptive Governance of Social–Ecological Systems.” Ecology and Society, vol. 11 no. 1 (2006), art. 18.

Orr, David W. “Governance in the Long Emergency.” In State of the World 2013: Is Sustainability Still Possible? Worldwatch Institute, 279–91. Washington, DC: Island Press, 2013. A discussion of the essentially political nature of the sustainability challenges in the “long emergency” that lies ahead, and an analysis of the characteristics of governance that will be needed.

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Owens, S. and L. Driffil. “How to Change Attitudes and Behaviours in the Context of Energy.” Energy Policy, vol. 36 (2008): 4412–18.

“Rio+20: After Dialogues, Citizens to Make Recommendations on Rio+20 Issues.” UN News Centre, June 20, 2012.

Robinson, Kim Stanley. “Is It Too Late?” In State of the World 2013: Is Sustainability Still Possible? Worldwatch Institute, 374–80. Washington, DC: Island Press, 2013.The optimistic concluding essay to State of the World 2013.

Sachs, Jonah and Susan Finkelpearl. “From Selling Soap to Selling Sustainability: Social Marketing.” In State of the World 2010: Transforming Cultures From Consumerism to Sustainability, Worldwatch Institute, 151–56. New York: W.W. Norton, 2010.

Sanjayan, M. A. “Seaworthy Semantics.” Nature Conservancy, Summer 2010: 8.The story of how using the words “fish banks” instead of “marine resources” helped Indonesian fishers understand the merits of the idea.

Senos, René. “Rebuilding Salmon Relations: Participatory Ecological Restoration as Community Healing.” Handbook of Regenerative Landscape Design, ed. Robert L. France. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 2008.

Sturtevant, Victoria E. and Jon I. Lange. “The Applegate Partnership Case Study: Group Dynamics and Community Context. Seattle: US Forest Service.” Pacific Northwest Research Station, Oregon, 2001.

Taylor, M. “Community Participation in the Real World: Opportunities and Pitfalls in New Governance Spaces.” Urban Studies, vol. 44 (2007): 297–317.

Tippett, Krista, interview of Joanna Macy. “A Wild Love for the World.” On Being. American Public Media, November 1, 2012.

Transition Culture. “Transition Taunton and Their Local Council Produce a Transition Vision for 2026.” November 11, 2009. http://transitionculture.org/2009/11/11/transition-taunton-town-and-their-local-council-produce-a-transition-vision-for-2026/

Transition Town Totnes. “Transition in Action: Totnes and District 2009–2030: An Energy Descent Action Plan.” 2010. www.totnes.transitionnetwork.org/edap/homeAn energy descent plan from the British town that launched the Transition Towns movement.

Walker, Brian, et al. “Resilience Management in Social Ecological Systems: A Working Hypothesis for a Participatory Approach.” Conservation Ecology, vol. 6 no. 1 (2002): 14.

Walker, B., C. S. Holling, S. R. Carpenter, and A. Kinzig. “Resilience, Adaptability and Transformability in Social–Ecological Systems.” Ecology and Society, vol. 9 no. 2 (2004): 5.

Books

Alperovitz, Gar. America Beyond Capitalism, 2nd ed. Takoma Park, MD: Democracy Collaborative Press, 2011.

——. What Then Must We Do? White River Junction, VT: Chelsea Green, 2013.A proposal, built on decades of research, for a new, post-growth economy for lay readers. Provides a survey of existing examples of democratized wealth at community scales, including worker-ownership, cooperatives, community land trusts, social enterprises, and municipal utilities.

Ausubel, Kenny. Dreaming the Future: Reimagining Civilization in the Age of Nature. White River, VT: Chelsea Green, 2012.

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An optimistic collection of essays for lay readers that present a vision of the opportunities embedded in the modern age of transition.

Barlett, Peggy F. and Geoffrey W. Chase, eds. Sustainability on Campus: Stories and Strategies for Change. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2004.A series of case studies from U.S. colleges and universities.

Bollier, David. Green Governance: Ecological Survival, Human Rights, and the Commons. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2013.

Christian, David. Maps of Time: An Introduction to Big History, 2nd ed. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 2011.An overview of the field of Big History, an academic discipline which examines history over long time scales and through multiple disciplines, incorporating cosmology, geology, biology, and human history into a single narrative.

Cox, J. Robert. Environmental Communication and the Public Sphere, 3rd ed. London: SAGE Publications, 2012. A rigorous examination of the role of communication in influencing perception and behavior.

Doppelt, Bob. The Power of Sustainable Thinking. London: Earthscan, 2008.Provides methods for transforming one’s own cognitive patterns and then for fostering change in other people, teams, and organizations.

Duarte, Nancy. Resonate: Present Visual Stories that Transform Audiences. New York: John Wiley, 2010.Methods for creating narratives for impactful presentations.

Edwards, Andrés R. Thriving Beyond Sustainability: Pathways to a Resilient Society. Gabriola Island, BC: New Society Publishers, 2010. An optimistic collection of examples from around the world of how individuals, organizations, and communities are putting sustainability principles into practice.

Evans, J. P. Environmental Governance. London: Routledge, 2012.A thorough introductory overview of the principles, theories, and approaches of environmental governance, illustrated with a broad range of examples from around the world. Governance plays a central role in fostering collective action and maximizing participation by diverse stakeholders in the steering of society, and the environment within which it is embedded, toward a more sustainable future.

Faga, Barbara. Designing Public Consensus: The Civic Theater of Community Participation for Architects, Landscape Architects, Planners, and Urban Designers. New York: John Wiley, 2006.Clear explanations of collaborative community participation processes, with case studies.

Forde, C. Daryll. Habitat, Economy and Society: A Geographical Introduction to Ethnography. London: Routledge, 2010. Reprint edition of 7th ed., 1949; first published in 1934.

Fosket, Jennifer and Laura Mamo. Living Green: Communities that Sustain. Gabriola Island, BC: New Society Publishers, 2009.A collection of case studies in North America, examining green building, livable communities, and social justice,

Gilding, Paul. The Great Disruption. New York: Bloomsbury Press, 2011.A detailed and informative look at why an impending global crisis is now unavoidable and at why a global transformation to a sustainable economy is plausible.

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Goodall, Christopher. How to Live a Low-Carbon Life: The Individual’s Guide to Tackling Climate Change, 2nd ed. London: Routledge, 2010.A detailed and quantitative handbook for understanding carbon impacts of choices in heating, energy use, travel, and food. Useful for individuals and for sustainability practitioners.

Grim, John A. Indigenous Traditions and Ecology: The Interbeing of Cosmology and Community. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2001.A scholarly survey of indigenous spiritual traditions and the challenges facing modern indigenous communities. One of a series of volumes on Religions of the World and Ecology, from the Harvard Center for the Study of World Religions.

Ham, Sam H. Interpretation: Making a Difference on Purpose. Golden, CO: Fulcrum, 2013.Theory and practice of interpretation for museums, parks, and exhibits, based upon research in cognitive psychology, neurology, communication, and pedagogy.

Hawken, Paul. Blessed Unrest: How the Largest Social Movement in History is Restoring Grace, Justice, and Beauty to the World. New York: Penguin, 2007.A survey of the emergent worldwide movement for social and environmental change at a range of scales.

Heinberg, Richard and Daniel Lerch, eds. The Post Carbon Reader: Managing the 21st Century’s Sustainability Crises. Healdsburg, CA: Watershed Media, 2010.This thoughtful collection of papers by recognized experts is one of the clearest and most comprehensive books on sustainability issues, potential solutions, and interconnectedness. Topics include sustainability concepts, climate, water, biodiversity, food, population, culture, energy, economics, cities, transportation, waste, health, education, and resilience.

Hodgson, Jacqi and Rob Hopkins. Transition in Action: Totnes and District 2030: An Energy Descent Action Plan. Cambridge, UK: Green Books, 2010.

Hopkins, Rob. The Transition Handbook: From Oil Dependency to Local Resilience. White River, VT: Chelsea Green, 2008.Descriptions of the work of successful Transition Towns from around the world, with details for communities about how to organize and implement a local Transition initiative. Examples of approaches to providing food and energy, building local economies, relearning skills, and building community illustrate how the transition to a post-carbon world can be pleasant and joyful.

——. The Transition Companion: Making Your Community More Resilient in Uncertain Times. White River, VT: Chelsea Green, 2011.A handbook for organizing and implementing a local Transition initiative, building and expanding on the 2008 Transition Handbook.

——. The Power of Just Doing Stuff: How Local Action Can Change the World. Green Books, 2013.Building on concepts from the Transition movement, this book discusses how communities can expand actions for positive change into mainstream life: how to get organized, what to choose to do, and how to reach across cultural divides, illustrated by successful examples from around the world.

Kaner, Sam. Facilitator’s Guide to Participatory Decision-Making, 2nd ed. New York: John Wiley, 2007.A thorough handbook of techniques for designing meetings and leading group processes, with examples and guidance on handling facilitation challenges.

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Leopold, Aldo. A Sand County Almanac. New York: Oxford University Press, 1966.Collection of important essays by the twentieth-century ecologist and writer, influential in the field of environmental ethics. The essay “Thinking Like a Mountain” describes how his killing of a wolf changed his worldview. “The Land Ethic,” his best-known essay, explores the idea of ethics as a process of ecological evolution and extends the concept of the intrinsic rights of nature to the land itself.

McKenzie-Mohr, Doug and William Smith. Fostering Sustainable Behavior, 3rd ed. Gabriola Island, BC: New Society Publishers, 2011.A revised edition of the classic handbook on the work of social marketing: fostering behavioral change toward sustainability.

McKenzie-Mohr, Doug, Nancy R. Lee, P. Wesley Schultz, and Philip A. Kotler. Social Marketing to Protect the Environment: What Works. Los Angeles, CA: Sage Publications, 2011.A survey of community-based social marketing methods, illustrated with case studies.

McKibben, Bill. Deep Economy: The Wealth of Communities and the Durable Future. New York: Henry Holt and Company, 2007.An essay on the failings of the growth economy and proposals for moving beyond growth.

Miller, Kivi Leroux. The Nonprofit Marketing Guide: High-Impact, Low-Cost Ways to Build Support for Your Good Cause. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass, 2010.

Moore, K. D. and M. P. Nelson, eds. Moral Ground: Ethical Action for a Planet in Peril. San Antonio, TX: Trinity University Press, 2010.

Mühlhäusler, Peter. Language of Environment, Environment of Language: A Course in Ecolinguistics. London: Battlebridge Publications, 2003.A scholarly textbook of ecolinguistics, for linguists.

Pahl, Greg. Power from the People: How to Organize, Finance, and Launch Local Energy Projects. White River Junction, VT: Chelsea Green Publishing, 2012.

Parish, Billy and Dev Aujla. Making Good: Finding Meaning, Money, and Community in a Changing World. New York: Rodale, 2012.An optimistic, can-do book for the popular press that nevertheless offers useful examples from young writers who have been successful at finding ways to make a difference.

Randers, Jorgen. 2052: A Global Forecast for the Next Forty Years. White River Junction, VT: Chelsea Green, 2012.A rigorous and data-driven assessment from one of the three co-authors of the seminal 1972 study Limits to Growth. Forty years after the publication of Limits to Growth, the author reviews and synthesizes research data from over 30 experts in a range of specialties, from which he develops plausible scenarios for changes in population, consumption, social structure, food, energy, and climate for the next 40 years.

Raskin, Paul, Tariq Banuri, Gilberto Gallopin, Pablo Gutman, and Al Hammond. Great Transition: The Promise and Lure of the Times Ahead. Boston, MA: Stockholm Environment Institute, 2002.

Rogers, Elizabeth Barlow. Landscape Design: A Cultural and Architectural History. New York: Harry N. Abrams, 2001.

Sanoff, Henry. Community Participation Methods in Design and Planning. New York: John Wiley, 2000.A classic handbook for planning and leading participatory community design.

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Seed, John, Joanna Macy, Pat Fleming, and Arne Naess. Thinking Like a Mountain: Towards a Council of All Beings. Gabriola Island, BC: New Catalyst Books, 2007.

Shiva, Vandana. Earth Democracy: Justice, Sustainability and Peace. New York: South End Press, 2005.A discussion of globalization and social justice issues, with proposed solutions through peace, equity, inclusion, and reclaiming the commons.

Sibbet, David. Visual Meetings: How Graphics, Sticky Notes and Idea Mapping Can Transform Group Productivity. New York: John Wiley, 2010.

Smith, Catherine F. Writing Public Policy: A Practical Guide to Communicating in the Policy Making Process, 3rd ed. New York: Oxford University Press, 2012.A thorough guide to collaborating, researching, and writing public policy within a democratic political process.

Smith-Sebasto, Nicholas. Annual Editions: Sustainability 12/13. New York: McGraw Hill, 2011.Solnit, Rebecca. A Paradise Built in Hell: The Extraordinary Communities that Arise in

Disaster. New York: Viking Press, 2008.Encouraging for lay readers concerned about potential future turbulence in the post-carbon years, this book provides insights into spontaneous altruism, self-organization, and constructive collective human behavior that arise under stressful conditions.

Steffen, Alex, ed. World Changing, Revised and Updated Edition: A User’s Guide for the 21st Century. New York: Abrams, 2011.Guidance on ways to live more sustainably for individuals who want to make changes at a personal scale.

Stibbe, Arran. Animals Erased: Discourse, Ecology, and Reconnection with the Natural World. Middletown, CT: Wesleyan University Press, 2012.An examination of how culture and language in particular affect human relationships with animals and the natural world, by a scholar of ecological linguistics.

——, ed. The Handbook of Sustainability Literacy: Skills for a Changing World. Totnes, UK: Green Books, 2009.A collection of essays by experts in sustainability and other fields exploring the skills that will be needed in order to survive and thrive through the challenges of the coming century. Covers a range of sustainability topics including systems thinking, ecological literacy, and transition skills.

Susskind, Lawrence, Sarah McKearnan, and Jennifer Thomas-Larmer, eds. Consensus-Building Handbook: A Comprehensive Guide to Reaching Agreement. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, 1999.

Thayer, Robert L. LifePlace: Bioregional Thought and Practice. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 2003.

Tomasello, Michael. Why We Cooperate. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2009.Discussion of the studies of young children and great apes that indicate an innate ability to cooperate, with implications for collective learning.

UNEP. Communicating Sustainability: How to Produce Effective Public Campaigns. United Nations Environment Programme, 2005.Handbook commissioned by UNEP. Describes how to craft a story, bring it to life, and use it to translate theory into practice.

Waddell, Steve. Global Action Networks. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2011.Technical examination of a framework for collective governance at local and global scales.

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Worldwatch Institute. State of the World 2010: Transforming Cultures From Consumerism to Sustainability. New York: W.W. Norton, 2010.State of the World reports are edited collections published annually by the authoritative Worldwatch Institute. Each edition explores a different sustainability theme with essays by recognized experts in their respective fields.

Websites

Community Environmental Legal Defense Fund. http://www.celdf.org/A nonprofit organization providing legal expertise in support of local self-government and the rights of nature.

Community Wealth. http://community-wealth.org/Extensive collection of resources related to “community wealth-building activity” in the U.S. A project of the Democracy Collaborative. Detailed information related to many emerging models including local food, cooperatives including the Evergreen Cooperative and others, community land trusts, transit-oriented development, university–community partnerships, governance, state and local policies, among many other topics.

Council of All Beings. http://www.rainforestinfo.org.au/deep-eco/coab.htmDescription of a series of interactive rituals developed by Joanna Macy and John Seed.

Earth Council Alliance. http://earthcouncilalliance.org/ A collaboration of global organizations with a focus on agriculture, community, resilience, and green infrastructure, organized around the principles of the Earth Charter and Agenda 21.

Fostering Sustainable Behavior: Community-Based Social Marketing. http://www.cbsm.com/ The Future We Want. http://www.futurewewant.org

Online sharing community to help people envision what a sustainable future could be like, using the power of stories and visualization.

Great Transition Initiative. http://www.gtinitiative.orgAn international network and online forum that promotes scholarly discourse and public awareness focused on transition to a sustainable future. Launched in 1995 with support from United Nations agencies and the Stockholm Environment Institute.

ICLEI: Local Governments for Sustainability. http://www.iclei.org/A consortium of worldwide cities, towns, and urban regions. Tools and resources for community resilience and climate action planning.

International Association for Public Participation (IAP2). http://www.iap2.org/An association of practitioners that promotes public participation. Provides training programs, manuals, tools, journals, research, and reports.

Joanna Macy and Her Work: The Great Turning. http://www.joannamacy.net/thegreatturning.htmlThe Great Turning initiative deals with the transformation from an industrial growth society to a more sustainable civilization. Dr. Macy conducts workshops for personal and social change.

Mr. Green. http://sierraclub.typepad.com/mrgreen/Sponsored by the Sierra Club. Bob Schildgen, former managing editor of Sierra magazine, provides answers to questions submitted by individuals wanting to make more sustainable choices.

National Charrette Institute. http://www.charretteinstitute.org

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Post Carbon Institute. http://www.postcarbon.org/ An organization of 30 leading experts in a range of social and scientific fields working to lead a transition to a resilient, equitable, and sustainable post-carbon world. The website is a rich source of articles, reports, blogs, videos, and other resources.

Post Carbon Reader. http://www.postcarbon.org/reader/downloads Most of the chapters from The Post Carbon Reader are available for download from the website of the Post Carbon Institute.

Resilience. http://www.resilience.org/A project of the Post Carbon Institute. A clearinghouse of information on resilience and a network of other groups oriented around building community resilience.

Solutions Journal. http://www.thesolutionsjournal.com/Peer-reviewed interdisciplinary journal focused on solutions, founded by leading sustainability thinkers Robert Costanza, David Orr, Paul Hawken, and John Todd; the editorial board is a who’s who of other leading thinkers. Primarily distributed online, with open access; print subscriptions also available.

Sustainable Communities Online. http://www.sustainable.org/ A website for sharing information about community initiatives.

Transition Network. http://www.transitionnetwork.org/ Information about a wide array of initiatives and activities of Transition Towns and other Transition groups from around the world. Examples include community food networks, exchanges, and energy descent plans.

Transition Town Totnes. http://www.transitiontowntotnes.org/ The website of one the first and most successful Transition Towns in the global Transition Network.

Vital Graphics Series, GRID/Arendal, and United Nations Environment Programme. http://www.grida.no/publications/vg/A useful series of electronic publications in the Vital Graphics series designed to communicate scientific findings in an accessible format. Communicates concepts clearly using both language and numerous high-quality graphics.

World Resources Institute: Governance. http://www.wri.org/our-work/topics/governance Facts, data, and other information about global research on environmental governance.

Worldchanging. http://www.worldchanging.com/A site for sharing information about design, products, and daily life.

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