Assignment No-1 Trade Pattern of Russia, Seria & Tunisia

Assignment No-1OIL Trade Pattern of RussiaSubmitted By:-Rahul Kumar (22).

OUTLINERUSSIA RUSSIA CRUDE OIL EXPORTTOP THREE EXPORT ROUTESPROPOSED PIPELINESESPO PIPELINE

RUSSIA

GDP(PPP)$2.414 trillionGDP(GROWTH RATE)4.3%GDP-PER CAPITAL$17,000UNEMPLOYMENT RATE6.6%INFLATION8.4%LABOUR FORCE :AGRICULTREINDUSTRYSERVICES9.8%27.5%62.7%

Russia in BriefRussia holds the world's largest natural gas reserves, the second largest coal reserves, and the eighth largest crude oil reserves. Russia was the largest producer of crude oil in 2009, surpassing Saudi Arabia. Russia has the largest natural gas reserves in the world and it is the second-largest producer of natural gas. Russia is one of the top producers and consumers of electric power in the world, with more than 220 million kilowatts of installed generation capacity. Russias Transneft currently has a monopoly over Russias pipeline network.

Petroleum

Natural Gas

Russian Oil Consumption(bbl/day)

Russian Oil Production(bbl/day)

Russian Oil Export(bbl/day)

JODI Vs Energy Ministry

Russian Crude Oil Export

Top Importer of Russian Crude Oil

Top Proven Natural Gas Reserves

Region20002011Baltic Sea20.870.1Druzhba52.455.7Black Sea43.146.7

Top Three Export Routes via Transnefts Network to Markets Outside the Commonwealth of Independent States, 2000 and 2011(million tons)

Proposed Oil Pipeline Routes and Pipeline Expansion Projects

Nord Stream

Nord Stream is Russias and certainly Europes major ongoing project designed to feed Germany and then from here connect to Belgium, the UK, Denmark, the Netherlands, France, and the Czech Republic, with Russian gas. It consists of two parallel 48in. pipelines across the Baltic Sea, each 1224km with a capacity of 27.5billionm3/yr. The pipelines have certain political significance as they enable Russia to bypass Ukraine and Poland, while satisfying 25% of theEUs additional needed gas imports by 2030.

South Stream

Similar to Nord Stream, the South European Pipeline or South Stream is meant to bypass Ukraine when exporting Russian gas toEurope (Italy and Austria) via the Black Sea. Having estimated cost of US$14.4 - 20billion, its construction has been delayed from the initially-planned 2010 to 2012 for completion in December 2015.The pipeline construction will start in December 2012 (earlier than decided in 2011) with a designed maximum throughput of 63billionm3/yr.

Proposed Oil Pipeline

Samsun - Ceyhan oil pipeline

Rosneft and Transneft are seeking a major stake (25%) in a planned Turkish pipeline, the Samsun-Ceyhan oil pipeline, to be built by Turkeys Calik Holding and Italys Eni. Linking the Turkish ports of Samsun on the Black Sea and Ceyhan on the Mediterranean Sea, its planned capacity is 50million tpy to be supplied by Russia (25 - 30million t) and certain Caspian oil exporters such as Kazakhstan.

Russian - Chinese gas pipeline

Despite the success in securing piped oil exports to China (Skovorodino-Daqing), the fate of Russias efforts to secure a piped gas export agreement with China is still unclear. After years of negotiations between Moscow and Beijing, the two sides are yet to agree on the pricing of gas to be exported via the envisaged pipeline. As per its November 2011 agreement with Turkmenistan, Chinas access to Turkmenistans gas at a reported price (US$250/1000m3) significantly lower than that of Russia (by US$150) is a major obstacle. Other obstacles include Beijings concerns about over reliance on Russia for energy and also Russias reliability as a gas supplier as evident in its closing down its gas pipelines toEurope via Belarus and the Ukraine in the recent years.

Russian Proposed Oil and Natural Gas Pipelines to China

ESPO (Eastern Siberia Pacific Ocean Oil Pipeline)

East Siberia Pacific Ocean (ESPO) is a major undertaking by Russia designed to carry Russian crude to the Asian-Pacific markets (China, Japan and South Korea) and theUS. The first stage of the 4857km pipeline, the Taishet-Skovorodino line (2757km; 48in.; US$12.27billion) connecting Russias Irkutsk to the Amur Region via Yakutia (30million tpy capacity) went online in January 2010. Scheduled to go online in December 2012, its second stage, the Skovorodino-Kozmino (2100km; 48in.), will enable Russia to export a larger volume of oil (30million tpy) to the Asian-Pacific countries. Currently, in absence of this link, oil (15million tpy) is transported by rail from Skovorodino to Kozminos oil terminal on Russias Pacific coast from where the oil is exported to the designated buyers by oil tankers. ESPOs completion will help Russia establish itself as a major oil supplier to the Asia-Pacific economies

Major Russia Gas Basin

Major Russia Gas Basin

RussiaUrengoy gas field(3851012cuft (10,900km3))

Hamburg gas field(1981012cuft (5,600km3))

Bovanenkovskoe field(1661012cuft (4,700km3))

Leningradskoye field(1511012cuft (4,300km3))

Rusanovskoye field(1511012cuft (4,300km3))

Zapolyarnoye gas field(1321012cuft (3,700km3))

Shtokman field(1131012cuft (3,200km3))

Arctic field(1041012cuft (2,900km3))