PowerPoint Presentation

STUDY OF ENERGY BALANCE OF RURAL INDIA USING GEOSPATIAL INPUTS

(A STUDY UNDER THE ISRO-GBP PROJECT)CH4, N2OCROP

Water pumpHuman foodAnimal feedcrop waste as biofuelcrop residue burntLIVESTOCK (including poultry) & FISHPRODUCTIONAnimal/Draught poweragricultural operationsSUNPrimary ProductionTREESOUTSIDE FORESTS (Homestead plantations, trees along roads, canals)Primary ProductionRESIDENTIAL (RURAL HOUSEHOLD)

Animal Dung Dung cake as biofuelLS products (Milk/meat/eggs) & FishFuel wood for burning (cooking/heating etc)Marketlogging/timber export MarketMarketThrasherDiesel/Electricity use fodder/conc. animal feedSYSTEM

BOUNDARY

TractorsHuman labourEnergy flowsGHG/BC emissionsCo2, CO, CH4, NOx, SO2, Black CCo2, CO, CH4, NOx, SO2, Black CGHG emissionsGHG emissions from FF useEFGHG emissions from Biofuel burningMMEmission from fertilizer useN2OENERGY FLOWS IN A VILLAGE ECOSYSTEMfood wastedWaterWaterMarketINDUSTRY

Energy cropEnergy Plantations Energy source eg. electricity Energy sourceeg. electricityWaterWaterWaterEnergy source- eg. electricityCo2, CO, CH4, NOx, SO2, Black CNet Energy balance = EProduction Econsumption+ EImport - EExport + EStock changeAt Ecosystem level,

NEB: Net Energy BalanceBC : Crop Biomass, c: crop, t: treesPt : Plant PhytomassEC: Energy consumedhf: human feedlf: livestock feedcr : crop residueaw: animal wasteI: IndustryEI: Energy importedf: fossil fuel h: human labourdl: draught livestockEE: Energy exportedlp: livestock productw: wood

S: Stock changeEquationEnergy InputConversionIntermediate energyConversionEnd-energyElectricityCoalDieselPetrolKeroseneAnimal powerHuman energyFertilizerManure

(fed from end energy also)

Manual implants for agricultureTractorsThrashersVehicles Tube wellsSolar PVSolar water heaters

GrainsCrop residueTreeswater

Human consumption (water, food, trees, air, etc.)Livestock consumptionFactories/ industry

Human energyAnimal powerEnergy in products and services sold to marketManure

Other Inputs (esp. to Industry)Canal water? (also for other conversions)Human energyAnimal power (eg. Transporting sugarcane crop to sugar mills on bullock carts)ABCONVERSION TABLE S. No.ParticularsUnitConversion factor (MJ Unit-1)1Human Labour1.96Manh1.96Woman h1.572Draught animalh19.17Bullockh9.21-12.043Diesell56.31Diesel for tractorsl47.71Diesel for water pumpsl38.864Petroll48.235ElectricityKWh11.93Electricity for water pumpsKWh3.596Farm MachineryhFarm machinery other than self-propelled machineskg*62.7Tractor 50 kWh41.4Tractor 85 kWh59.5Combine harvestorh503Ploughh22.8Sprayerh23.8Wagonh71.3Pumph2.4Disc Harrowh42.8Fertilizer distributorh11.5Drillerh66.6Straw Balerh100Balers Loaderh35.7Source: Literature StudyCONVERSION TABLE S. No.ParticularsUnitConversion factor (MJ Unit-1)7Chemical FertilizersNkg60.6P2O5kg11.1K2Okg6.78Farmyard Manurekg (dry mass)0.39Water for irrigationm30.63Diesel Pumpm312.42Electric Pumpm35.5910Chemicals120Superior chemicalskg120Inferior chemicals kg1011SeedsRice, wheat, frenchbean and gardenpeakg14.7Tomato, coriander, cabbage, cauliflower and okrakg0.8Potatokg5.1Grainkg16.2Milletskg13.8Pulses (various beans)kg17.1Mustardkg22.7StrawKg14Source: Literature StudySectorsInput1Input2Input3Input4Output1Output 2Output 3Output 4Output5CF1CF2CF3CF4CropsLivestockHouseholdsTrees

IndustryFuelENERGY-BALANCE MODELExample: CROPSInputsArea (ha)Labour for soil preparation (persons/hectare/day)Labour for sowing (persons/hectare/day)Labour for O&M of field (persons/hectare/day)Labour for harvesting (persons/hectare/day)Water (mm/ha/crop)Seeds (kg/ha)Fertiliser type 1 quantity (kg/ha)Fertiliser type 2 quantity (kg/ha)Fertiliser type 3 quantity (kg/ha)Manure (kg/ha)Insecticides (kg/ha)Fungicides (kg/ha)ENERGY-BALANCE MODELOutputsCrop/Grain production (t)Economic Yield (t/ha)Crop Biomass produced (t/ha) CB as human food consumed in village (t)CB as human food exported to market outside village (t)CB as animal feed consumed by village livestock (t)CB as animal feed exported to market (t)Crop residue as biofuel (t)Crop residue burnt onsite (t)

Conversion FactorsSeed Energy Content (MJ/Kg) Residue Energy Content (MJ/Kg) Harvest Index Moisture fraction in grainsCO2 emission factor CH4 emission factor N2O emission factor Example: LIVESTOCK

InputsOil cakes (kg/head)Crop residue 1 (kg/head)Crop residue 2 (kg/head)crop residue 3 (kg/head)Crop residue 4 (kg/head)Crop residue 5 (kg/head)Crop residue 6 (kg/head)green grass (kg/head)water (l/head)Fungicide Type for FisheriesFungicide Qty (kg/head)

Conversion FactorsDraught Animal Energy Content (MJ/h) CO2 emission factor CH4 emission factor N2O emission factor

ENERGY-BALANCE MODELOutputsMilk (l/day/head)Meat (kg/head)Chicken (kg/head)Eggs (no./Month)Fish (kg/head)Wool (kg/year/head)Dung (kg/month/head)OthersMilk consumed in village(l)Meat consumed in village (kg)Chicken consumed in village (kg)Eggs consumed in village (no.)Fish consumed in village (kg)Wool consumed in village (kg)Dung consumed in village (kg)Others consumed in village (kg)

Example: HOUSEHOLDS

InputsFood consumption in village (Unit/HH/month)Electricity consumed (kWh/month)Electricity consumed for water supply (kWh/month)Diesel consumed (l)Petrol consumed (l)Kerosene consumed (l)Animal dung cake used as biofuelWoody biofuel consumed for cooking/heating (t)Crop biomass waste as fuel (t)Human energy consumed for fetching water Man-hours input for operating manual devicesWoman-hours input for operating manual devices

ENERGY-BALANCE MODELOutputsMan-hoursWoman-hours

Conversion FactorsFood Energy Content (MJ/Unit)

Example: INDUSTRY

InputsType of Biofuel 1 ConsumedBiofuel 1 consumed (kg/month)Type of Biofuel 2 ConsumedBiofuel 2 consumed (kg/month)Type of Biofuel 3 ConsumedBiofuel 3 consumed (kg/month)Dung cakes consumed (kg/month)Electricity consumed (kWh/month)Charcoal (kg/month)Coal (kg/month)Kerosene (l/month)Diesel (l/month)LPG Gas (kg/month)Biogas (kg/month)Man-hours input/monthWoman-hours input/monthENERGY-BALANCE MODELOutputsTotal industrial produce 1 (No./kg per month)Industrial produce 1 sold to market (t)Industrial produce 1 consumed in the village HHsTotal industrial produce 2 (No./kg per month)Industrial produce 2 sold to market (t)Industrial produce 2 consumed in the village HHs

Conversion FactorsCO2 emission factorCH4 emission factorN2O emission factorExample: TREES

InputsTree speciesDBH (cm)GBH (cm)Biomass equations based on tree species

Outputs Phytomass produced (t/ha)Timber exported to Market (t)Wood used as fuel inside village (t)

Conversion FactorsCO2 emission factorCH4 emission factorN2O emission factor

ENERGY-BALANCE MODELExample: FUEL

InputsQuantity consumedQuantity importedQuantity exportedStock change

Outputs Quantity produced

Conversion FactorsCO2 emission factorCH4 emission factorN2O emission factor

DetailsInputsOutputsCFBaseline Number Crop Cycle (Days)SeasonArea (ha)Labour for soil preparation (persons/hectare/day)Labour for sowing (persons/hectare/day) Labour for O&M (persons/hectare/day)Labour for harvesting (persons/hectare/day)Crop/Grain production (t)Economic Yield (t/ha)Crop Biomass produced (t) Crop residue produced (t)Seed Energy content (MJ/Kg)RiceJowarBajraMaizeRagiSmall MilletsWheatBarleyGramArhar (Tur)Udad (black gram)GreengramOther PulsesCROPSInputsOutputsCFBaseline Number Crop residue 1 (kg/head)Crop residue 2 (kg/head)crop residue 3 (kg/head)green grass (kg/head)water (l/head)milk (l/day/head)meat (kg/head)chicken (kg/head)eggs (no./month)fish (kg/head)Draught Animal Energy Content (MJ/h)Cows (less than one year of age)Cows(1-3 years of age)Cows (> 3 years of age)Bullocks (less than one year of age)Bullocks (1-3 years of age)Bullocks (>3 years of age)Buffalo (less than one year of age)Buffalo (1-3 years of age)Buffalo (>3 years of age)Sheep Goats Pigs LIVESTOCKInputsOutputsCFFood consumption (kg/month)Usage for appliances (hours)Electricity consumed (kwh) diesel (l)

Petrol (l)kerosene (l)Animal dung cake used as biofuelWoody biofuel consumed for cooking/heating (t)Crop biomass waste as fuel (t)Man-hoursWoman-hoursFood Energy Content (MJ/Unit)RiceWheatArharMoongMasurRadioBicycle Sewing / Knitting Machine T.V.Fan Refrigerator Electric Motor Pump Hand PumpHand Insecticide Pump Motorized Thresher Bullock Cart Tractor HOUSEHOLDSGBH (cm)Biomass equations based on tree speciesPhytomass produced (t/ha)Timber exported to Market (t)Wood used as fuel inside village (t)CO2 emission factorCH4 emission factorN2O emission factorBanyanPeepalNeemBabulMangoRubber PlantationTREESInputsOutputsCFKerosene (l/month)Diesel (l/month)LPG Gas (kg/month)Dung cakes consumed (kg/month)Electricity consumed (kWh/month)Total industrial produce 1 (No./kg per month)Industrial produce 1 sold to market (t)Industrial produce 1 consumed in the village HHsTotal industrial produce 2 (No./kg per month)CO2 emission factorCH4 emission factorN2O emission factorCottage Industry 1Cottage Industry 2Cottage Industry 3Cottage Industry 4Cottage Industry 5Khadi Grinding MillsMom And Pop ShopsCommercial Industries (Village Specific)INDUSTRY Inputs outputsConversion FactorsQuantity consumedQuantity importedQuantity exportedStock changeQuantity producedEnergy per unitCO2 emission factor CH4 emission factorN2O emission factorBagasseBio-Fuel 1Bio-Fuel 2Bio-Fuel 3BiogasBiomass PowerCereal Straw, Husks &RefractionsCoalCoal BriquettesCoal Gas Producer Gas EtcCoal, Lignite And PeatCoking CoalDiesel enginesElectricity Energy Energy From Waste RecyclingFuel OilsFuel WoodFUELInitial Model & Discussions

Energy Balance Diagram: Energy PositiveEnergy Balance Table

Thank You