rupali gupte & prasad shetty:propositions to see cities
TRANSCRIPT
Propositions to see Cities
Notes from Mumbai
Rupali Gupte & Prasad Shetty
Ideas of cities have been dominated by two imaginations:, one of a technological utopia supported by super infrastructure and a robust information system
or the opposite, a city engendered by catastrophes of environment, poverty, and deterioration.
Inherent in both these imaginations of coherence and catastrophes, is the idea of time as a singular linear rhythm, of space as an entity with fixed coordinates and of people as homogenous and inert mass.
Both these imaginations have led to the city being imagined as a project – A Mission Impossible to be undertaken. Government and Civil society alike have taken it upon themselves to fix the problems of the city. The city is now a mission.
Transactional Capacities
This is the development plan of Mumbai. What appears as one line in plan, in real life thickens out to show a complex occupancy.
Grant Road, Mumbai shows a thickened occupancy.
Grant Road, Mumbai showing four levels of occupancy in the place of a single thin line in the city plan.
hawkers
One foot
shopsShop
extensions
Shops
Chawl
rooms
rented for
storage
Haribaug, Parel chawl housing with one room tenements and common areas for occupation
Poonawala chawl, Parel housing with one room porous tenements and common areas for occupation
Poonawala chawl housing, Parel
Poonawala, Parel chawl housing, bridges that connect two buildings act like public living rooms
Poonawala chawl housing, Parel, the porous house
Poonawala chawl housing, Parel, the porous house
Poonawala chawl housing, Parel, the porous house
Poonawala chawl housing, Parel, the porous house
Poonawala chawl housing, Parel, the porous house
Kumbharwada Dharavi, Mumbai, a potters colony where work, living and selling takes place together.
Beherampada,Mumbai, a multi level self built housing, where work, manufacturing, living and selling and leisure takes place together.
Community Space, Praying HallOwners House
Workers Dorm
Embroidery Units
Library
Grocery shop Utensils renting enterprise
Embroidery Units
Beherampada, Mumbai
In contrast are the resettlement colonies in Mankhurd, Mumbai, where only living can take place with no transactional capacities
TRANSACTIONAL CAPACITIES vis-à-vis THE DEGREE OF BLUR (and corresponding TYPE / FORM)
Skyscraping Apartments
Apartment BlocksOld Labor HousingDilapidated Bazaar HousingIncremental Settlements
Transactional CapacitiesDensities, number of activities,
networks, transactions, care, livelihoods, cultural settling, security, accommodation of
diversity, etc.
ResourcesSocial & physical
infrastructure, space, energy consumption, pressure on
infrastructure, etc.
Degree of Blur
Mohammed Ali Road Neighbourhood, Mumbai, where transactional capacities give the city its energies.
Transactional Objects
Charkop, Mumbai, A Transactional Object – A vendor uses the fence of a private building to store her wares.
Poonawala chawl, Transactional Object – a Duchampian door that serves the dual purpose of shutting the living room space and the kitchen storage at different times of the day.
Null Bazaar, Fort & Girgaum , Mumbai, Transactional Spaces: The pne foot shop, the shop inside a shop, the shop under a stair
Bhuleshwar, Mumbai : A Transactional Object – A one foot shop that occupies a foot of space inside the adjacent building and one foot outside.
Bhuleshwar, Mumbai : A Transactional Object – A one foot cupboard shop
Bhuleshwar, Mumbai : A Transactional Object – A one foot betel leaves shop
Transactional Objects at the 56th Venice Art Biennale: One foot shop
Bhuleshwar, Mumbai : A Transactional Object – A day and night one foot shop
Bhuleshwar, Mumbai : A Transactional Object – A shop that touches the city at one point
Bhindi Bazaar, Mumbai : A Transactional Object – A box shop
Bhuleshwar, Mumbai : A Transactional Object – Box shops that advertise services of plumbing and carpentry.
Tool Box
Astrologer’s Chair
Staircase Shop
Bhuleshwar, Mumbai : A Transactional Object – A basket used to transport goods
Bhuleshwar, Mumbai : A Transactional Object – A basket used to transport goods and sleep in
Basket Bed
Settling
Grant Road, Mumbai : Idea of a blurred Urban Form and Slow Settling where negotiations between different occupancies make the city.
Bandra East Skywalk, Mumbai, after a large infrastructure project is built
Bandra East Skywalk, Mumbai, the city slowly settles underneath
Bandra East Skywalk, Mumbai, a picnic on the skywalk
Parel, flyover, a playground underneath
A toilet built as part of a Slum Sanitation programe
slowly settles, with the caretaker using the space for community functions
Incrementally upgrading the space himself
Incrementally upgrading the space himself
Incrementally upgrading the space himself; an aircurtain that acts as a fan
Slowly consolidating itelf.
A landscape appears outside
A meeting of small contractors that convene on matters of upgrading.
A new slum house newly built by one of the contractors who has solved the ventilation problem.
In another instance, instead of a large toilet block, built by Non Governmental organisations
Lower level government officials helped upgrade self built settlements
with toilets inside the house, turning it into a liveable neighbourgood
.
Trips and Kicks
Our next contention is that cities are made with people who have trips and kicks. This is the instance of a man who lives in a very small tenement but whose trip in life is to find people who have left their vilages and have got lost in cities.
He is not bothered of his loss of job or his small apartment. He has another absurd goal in life, which he lives for
The toilet caretaker has another trip, to upgrade the toilet and make it into a community centre.
And trips of lower level government staff who against interests of upper officials and Non Governmental organisations.
Other trips in the city include collecting of outdated computer parts which are sought afterby others whose trip is to repair.
Trips to repair, workshops under staircases in Lamington Road, an area that specialises in computer peripherals mostly from China.
Trips where three friends take care of each others shops
Trips where the landlord rents out his wall for a one foot shop and hangs out outside it.
Trips where a shop keeper of LED lights, influenced by a Bollywood film gets his tailor father to stitch him a suit made of lights.
Trips where a shop keeper of LED lights, influenced by a Bollywood film gets his tailor father to stitch him a suit made of lights.
And walks around the city with his lit clothes.
Trips: the story of Pradeep who has lost his jobs in the repair market for sound recorders
Because computer parts are now becoming more microscopic. But he still says he enjoys his job.
He has subdivided his shop now and rents it to his friend to store his goods
He collects Gods of all faiths
Shows how he has been told by a finance expert how he is a fool to keep his shop as he is losing money but still keeps it because he enjoys the work.
Trips where in his spare time he designs for himself the most ergonomical chair.
And redesigns a watch which he can read more clearly.
And designs pens out of left over acrylc
And designs pens out of left over brass pipes
And makes several iterations of it.
Being Nicely Messy‘On Futures’
TWO DOMINANT IMAGINATIONS OF FUTURE
THE APOCALYPSE THE HIGH-TECH
Images: http://good-wallpapers.com/misc/14759 ; http://lava360.com/30-breathtaking-future-city-concept-art/
IDEAS AROUND URBANSATION
UBBANIZATION AS A PREDATORY PROCESS URBANISATION WILL PRODUCE CRISES
Images: http://cybergeo.revues.org/24798, http://blog.shiftboston.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/01/the_urban_crisis.jpg
ELSE WHERE IN THE WORLD
Colonial Business District
Inner City Area with old dilapidated built fabric
Eastern waterfront
(port & industry)
Dense Incremental Settlement
near a railway station
Western waterfront
(elite residential
areas)
Suburban areas with
incremental settlements
New Business Process
Outsourcing Areas
City edge
Suburban neighbor-
hoods (middle
class areas)
New Business Process
Outsourcing Areas
City edgeSuburban areas with
incremental settlements
Suburban neighbor-
hoods (middle
class areas)
Western waterfront
(elite residential
areas)
Dense Incremental Settlement
near a railway station
Eastern waterfront
(port & industry)
Inner City Area with old dilapidated built fabric
Colonial Business District
From ‘BEING NICELY MESSY’crit.in
LOOKING CLOSELY AT THE MECHANICS OF FUTURE URBANISATIONThe Case of Mumbai
Colonial Business District
Inner City Area with old dilapidated built fabric
Eastern waterfront
(port & industry)
Dense Incremental Settlement
near a railway station
Western waterfront
(elite residential
areas)
Suburban neighbor-
hoods (middle
class areas)
Suburban areas with
incremental settlements
New Business Process
Outsourcing Areas
City edge
Further dilapidation of
old building stock
Small piecemeal re-developments of individual properties
Large scale urban
renewal
Growth in culture industry
Growth of informal
enterprise
Dilapidation of buildings
Conservation, Eviction and cleaning of
arcades
every condition in the cityhas a possibility of a different future… of many futures depending on who is imagining it and how it is imagined
From ‘BEING NICELY MESSY’crit.in
Colonial Business District
Inner City Area with old dilapidated built fabric
Eastern waterfront
(port & industry)
Dense Incremental Settlement
near a railway station
Western waterfront
(elite residential
areas)
Suburban neighbor-
hoods (middle
class areas)
Suburban areas with
incremental settlements
New Business Process
Outsourcing Areas
City edge
Growth in culture industry
Conservation, Eviction and cleaning of
arcades
Growth of informal
enterprise
Further dilapidation of
old building stock
Small piecemeal re-developments of individual properties
Large scale urban
renewal
Growth in environment &
heritage Tourism
Large scale assembly of
land & urban
renewal
Piecemeal changes in
property
Growth of intensity in
the settlement
Growth of new
enterprises on the
skywalk
Dismantling and
reconstruction of
infrastructure
Cleaning up of waterfront
to make public space
Growth of the
aggressive civil society
New life under the metro line
High property speculation and
redevelopment of old
neighborhoods
Displacement of existing
occupants
Clarification of edges along the
new corridor
High land speculation
and growth in gated
communities
New rehabilitation
colonies
Decline in the business process
outsourcing industry
Increase in old-aged people
Growth of hard edges
between neighbor-
hoods
Growth of the new
enterprises
Consolidation of service industry
Growth in formal
commerce and retail
Growth in systems to
regulate city entry
Environmental Crises & growth
in aggressive civil society
Increase in families of old-aged people
Environmental crises and Removal of ship repair
yard
Dilapidation of buildings
From ‘BEING NICELY MESSY’crit.in
Consolidation of service industry
Conservation, Eviction and cleaning of
arcades
High property speculation and
redevelopment of old
neighborhoods
High land speculation
and growth in gated
communities
Growth in culture industry
Growth of informal
enterprise
Further dilapidation of old building
stock
Small piecemeal re-developments of individual properties
Large scale urban
renewal
Growth in environment &
heritage Tourism
Large scale assembly of
land & urban
renewal
Piecemeal changes in
property
Growth of intensity in
the settlement
Growth of new
enterprises on the
skywalk
Cleaning up of waterfront
to make public space
Growth of the
aggressive civil society
New life under the metro line
Displacement of existing
occupants
Clarification of edges along the
new corridor
New rehabilitation
colonies
Decline in the business process
outsourcing industry
Increase in old-aged people
Growth of hard edges
between neighbor-
hoods
Growth of the new
enterprises
Growth in formal
commerce and retail
Growth in systems to
regulate city entry
Environmental Crises & growth
in aggressive civil society
Increase in families of only old-
aged people
Environmental crises and Removal of ship repair
yard
Dilapidation of buildings
Dismantling and
reconstruction of
infrastructure
1. trajectory of high polarization – social and physical edges between communities will harden reducing the blur and hence the transactional capacity of the urban form.
From ‘BEING NICELY MESSY’crit.in
Transformation of old housing stock Transformation of slums Transformation of old co-op housing
Transforming City – Mumbai – The new built form seems to have lesser transactional capacity
Planning with its obsession towards clarity conceives the blur as a problem and clarity is sought
Planning with its obsession towards clarity conceives the blur as a problem and clarity is sought
This clarity produces a highly polarised city threatening the logic of the city.
Consolidation of service industry
Conservation, Eviction and cleaning of
arcades
High property speculation and
redevelopment of old
neighborhoods
High land speculation
and growth in gated
communities
Growth in culture industry
Growth of informal
enterprise
Further dilapidation of old building
stock
Small piecemeal re-developments of individual properties
Large scale urban
renewal
Growth in environment &
heritage Tourism
Large scale assembly of
land & urban
renewal
Piecemeal changes in
property
Growth of intensity in
the settlement
Growth of new
enterprises on the
skywalk
Cleaning up of waterfront
to make public space
Growth of the
aggressive civil society
New life under the metro line
Displacement of existing
occupants
Clarification of edges along the
new corridor
New rehabilitation
colonies
Decline in the business process
outsourcing industry
Increase in old-aged people
Growth of hard edges
between neighbor-
hoods
Growth of the new
enterprises
Growth in formal
commerce and retail
Growth in systems to
regulate city entry
Environmental Crises & growth
in aggressive civil society
Increase in families of only old-
aged people
Environmental crises and Removal of ship repair
yard
Dilapidation of buildings
Dismantling and
reconstruction of
infrastructure
2. trajectory of economic restructuring – older economic generators of commerce, finance & business process outsourcing will decline and new enterprises related to culture, environment and old age will emerge
From ‘BEING NICELY MESSY’crit.in
Agrarian Mercantile/ Administration
Industrial / Administration
Finance, Commerce, Retail / Administration
Culture, Environment, Health, Old Age / AdministrationECONOMY
URBAN FORM
MAIN ECONOMIC
ACTORS
Skyscraper apartments, Malls, Commercial Blocks, redevelopment of
incremental settlements
Urban renewals, resettlement colonies, conservation, gated communities
Pastoral Landscapes with incremental
settlements of farmers & fisher folk
Trade Nodes, Dense Inner Cities with
markets, guesthouses, religious spaces
Smoke Stack Landscapes, industries,
worker housing, incremental settlements
Farmers, feudal lords Merchants, colonial government
Workers, industrialists, government
Corporate, Entrepreneurs & AgentsCulture Workers, Environmentalists,
Senior Citizens, Health Workers
Pre 1650s 1650s to 1850s 1850s t0 1980s 1990s to 2020s 2020 onwards
1. New technological developments will reduce the need for proximity in conducting business
2. New national / international locations will displace businesses from Mumbai
3. The competitive advantage of the city are its cultural & environmental assets, film industry, health sector, etc.
REASONS FOR SHIFT
changing Mumbai
1.Technological Developments
2.Demand for textile (National & International)
3.Infrastructure Support
1.Establishment of Port
2.Establishment of Govt. HQ
3.Encouragement to Trade
1.Reconfiguration of production and growth of entrepreneurs
2.Liberalization3.Discouragement
of Manufacturing Units
From ‘BEING NICELY MESSY’crit.in
Consolidation of service industry
Conservation, Eviction and cleaning of
arcades
High property speculation and
redevelopment of old
neighborhoods
High land speculation
and growth in gated
communities
Growth in culture industry
Growth of informal
enterprise
Further dilapidation of old building
stock
Small piecemeal re-developments of individual properties
Large scale urban
renewal
Growth in environment &
heritage Tourism
Large scale assembly of
land & urban
renewal
Piecemeal changes in
property
Growth of intensity in
the settlement
Growth of new
enterprises on the
skywalk
Cleaning up of waterfront
to make public space
Growth of the
aggressive civil society
New life under the metro line
Displacement of existing
occupants
Clarification of edges along the
new corridor
New rehabilitation
colonies
Decline in the business process
outsourcing industry
Increase in old-aged people
Growth of hard edges
between neighbor-
hoods
Growth of the new
enterprises
Growth in formal
commerce and retail
Growth in systems to
regulate city entry
Environmental Crises & growth
in aggressive civil society
Increase in families of only old-
aged people
Environmental crises and Removal of ship repair
yard
Dilapidation of buildings
Dismantling and
reconstruction of
infrastructure
3. trajectory of intensification of environmental concerns
From ‘BEING NICELY MESSY’crit.in
From ‘BEING NICELY MESSY’crit.in
Consolidation of service industry
Conservation, Eviction and cleaning of
arcades
High property speculation and
redevelopment of old
neighborhoods
High land speculation
and growth in gated
communities
Growth in culture industry
Growth of informal
enterprise
Further dilapidation of old building
stock
Small piecemeal re-developments of individual properties
Large scale urban
renewal
Growth in environment &
heritage Tourism
Large scale assembly of
land & urban
renewal
Piecemeal changes in
property
Growth of intensity in
the settlement
Growth of new
enterprises on the
skywalk
Cleaning up of waterfront
to make public space
Growth of the
aggressive civil society
New life under the metro line
Displacement of existing
occupants
Clarification of edges along the
new corridor
New rehabilitation
colonies
Decline in the business process
outsourcing industry
Increase in old-aged people
Growth of hard edges
between neighbor-
hoods
Growth of the new
enterprises
Growth in formal
commerce and retail
Growth in systems to
regulate city entry
Environmental Crises & growth
in aggressive civil society
Increase in families of only old-
aged people
Environmental crises and Removal of ship repair
yard
Dilapidation of buildings
Dismantling and
reconstruction of
infrastructure
4. trajectory of higher average age of people – city of the old
From ‘BEING NICELY MESSY’crit.in
Agrarian Mercantile/ Administration
Industrial / Administration
Finance, Commerce, Retail / Administration
Culture, Environment, Health, Old Age / AdministrationECONOMY
Pre 1650s 1650s to 1850s 1850s t0 1980s 1990s to 2020s 2020 onwards
changing Mumbai
No migration, lesser reproductionMigration of Traders and Trade workers
Migration of Industrial workers
No migration, growth only by reproduction
Perc
enta
ge G
row
th in
Pop
ulati
on
From ‘BEING NICELY MESSY’crit.in
Transactional capacity
Polarization of communities, Hardening of Boundaries
Commerce, Finance & BPO
Culture & environment
industry
Environmental Concerns,Sea Level,
Temperature, Flash Flood Occurrences
Population
Average Age
URBAN SPACE &FORM ECONOMY ENVIRONMENT DEMOGRAPHY
the trajectories for mumbai’s future
From ‘BEING NICELY MESSY’crit.in
Catalogue for designing
boundary walls between
neighborhoods
Catalogue for
rethinking Waterfront
Edges
Catalogue for
retrofitting bridges
and skywalks
Catalogue for enterprise
paraphernalia
Catalogue for new clocks
and calendars
Catalogue for losses and
opportunities
Catalogue of new
programs
Catalogue of senior
infrastructure &
systems
Catalogue of new
enterprises
Catalogue for
retrofitting old
settlementsCatalogue for promoting
heritage and environment
tourismCatalogue for
greening vertical
neighborhoods
Manual for redevelopment of old buildings
TOOLS
tools to blur the social and physical edges to allow transactions
tools to help create and harness new opportunities
tools to engage with the environmental crises
tools to help the old to live in dignity
From ‘BEING NICELY MESSY’crit.in
catalogue for retrofitting old settlements: in a context of large scale urban redevelopment and renewal the existing occupants of inner cities, slums and old buildings are threatened and often displaced. this catalogue discusses many ways in which such older settlements could be retrofitted.
senior city: this is a catalogue for developing senior infrastructure and systems. in 2030, mumbai will have many more old people. this catalogue is a compilation of new possible institutions, programmes, enterprises, infrastructure and systems that respond to the city of the old.
From ‘BEING NICELY MESSY’crit.in
catalogue of new enterprises: the changes in the economy, environment, demography and intensified polarities will create a context for new entrepreneurships. this catalogue is a compilation of such enterprises.
catalogue for greening vertical neighborhoods: in 2030, environment will be central to discussion on urban crises generating a context for greening vertical blocks. this manual is designed to convert high resource consuming apartments into green blocks.
From ‘BEING NICELY MESSY’crit.in
In collaboration with CAMP & Khanabadosh
Displacement Locations since 2000Source: Parin Vasaria, Studies of Resettlement Colonies in Mumbai, 2016
Around 50,000 households from different parts of Mumbai have been shifted to 38 new Resettlement and Rehabilitation (R&R) Colonies since 2004 on account of large urban projects – new roads, road widening projects, clearing of river edges, airport redevelopment project and railway project .
2009
2015
SCHOOL OF ENVIRONMENT & ARCHITECTURE
June July August September October November December January February March April May
1 2 3 4 65 1 2 3 4 65
The Module System
Exams & Vacations
Exams & Vacations
Engagement with cultures
Ground
1827
1900
2000Engaging with the Geography – Terrain, Energy, Water & Air
Type
Type
Slow Wanderings – Cultural Histories
Making
Making
Making
Exploring
Solving Poetically
SEA StudioResearch initiations
HISTORY OF URBAN HOUSING (2 years)
Through a compilation of different types of housing, this project aims at building a narrative on different dimensions of urban housing in India including a spatial history, a technological history, a policy history, a history of the delivery system and a cultural history.
The project is conceived in two parts:a. History of Housing in
Mumbaib. History of Urban Housing
in India
ARCHITECTURE AND THE CITY(2 years)
While the primary aim of this project is to develop conceptual frameworks to understand urban architecture in India, it aims at compiling a systematic analysis of urban form.
REPAIR / RETROFITTING / IMPROVEMENT (3 years)
This project is conceived with twin agenda: a. first, to compile existing
practices of repair / retrofitting / improvement; and
b. Second, to develop techniques on actual undertaking of repair / retrofitting / improvement.
The aim of the project is to fill the current gap that exists in architecture and engineering academia regarding the issue.
SEA-Assembly (Internal discussions on everyday events in the world – every Friday)
SEA-City (Public platform for conversations with young practitioners)
SEA-Exhibitions (featuring new practitioners)
THANK YOU