ruminal acidosis/rumen overload for vet. students /ali sadiek
DESCRIPTION
Causes, pathogenesis of Ruminal acidosis/Ali sadiek.Ref.: Merk Vet. Manual, My Own exper., Pict. (Rumen health.com,)Nocek, J.E. 1996TRANSCRIPT
Diseases of Digestive SystemDiseases of Digestive System
ByByDr. Ali H. Dr. Ali H. SadiekSadiek
Prof. of Internal Veterinary Medicine and Clinical Prof. of Internal Veterinary Medicine and Clinical Laboratory DiagnosisLaboratory Diagnosis
Dept. of Animal MedicineDept. of Animal MedicineFaculty of Veterinary Medicine Faculty of Veterinary Medicine
AssiutAssiut UniversityUniversity-- AssiutAssiut, EGYPT, EGYPT
EE--mail: [email protected]: [email protected]
Prof. Dr. Ali SadiekProf. Dr. Ali Sadiek 22
Diseases of the Ruminant stomachDiseases of the Ruminant stomachIt composed of:1-Forestomach: Reticulo-rumen & Omasum2- True stomach: “Abomasum”
Prof. Dr. Ali SadiekProf. Dr. Ali Sadiek 33
ReticulorumenReticulorumen• Occupies entire left half of abdominal
cavity• 90 kg capacity• Nerve supply is Vagus nerve =
parasympathetic• Four specialized contraction patterns
– Primary or mixing cycle– Eructation (secondary) cycle– Rumination/cud chewing– Esophageal groove closure
Prof. Dr. Ali SadiekProf. Dr. Ali Sadiek 44
numerous papillae numerous papillae numerous papillae
polygonal cells
numerous papilae
broad longitudinal fold
Prof. Dr. Ali SadiekProf. Dr. Ali Sadiek 55
Prof. Dr. Ali SadiekProf. Dr. Ali Sadiek 66
full of folded tissue water
absorption
Microorganism, catches hardware
pepsinHCl
•Digest roughages to VFA,•make protein, make Vit. K and B CPX
Prof. Dr. Ali SadiekProf. Dr. Ali Sadiek 77
ReticuloReticulo--RumenRumen• Motility controlled by gastric center in
Med. oblongata• Frequency of 1ry contractions = rough
indication of overall health of the ruminant– Primary cycle contractions = 60/hour–▼ to 50/hour during rumination–▲105/hour during feeding
Prof. Dr. Ali SadiekProf. Dr. Ali Sadiek 88
Diseases of the RumenDiseases of the Rumen1. Ruminal Acidosis 2. Simple indigestion3. Tympany/ Bloat4. Traumatic reticuloperitonitis TRP5. Vagus Indigestion.
Prof. Dr. Ali SadiekProf. Dr. Ali Sadiek 99
11--Ruminal acidosisRuminal acidosisSynonym1. Ruminal impaction2. Ruminant Carbohydrate
Engorgement3. Grain overload /Grain engorgement4. Lactic acidosis5. Carbohydrate intoxication6. Founder
Prof. Dr. Ali SadiekProf. Dr. Ali Sadiek 1010
Ruminal acidosisRuminal acidosis• Access to highly fermentable
feedstuffs–by unaccustomed animals, or– in larger than normal amounts
• Rapid clinical course of acute ruminal acidosis because of excessive prod. Of lactic acid in the rumen.
• It is ch. By: Toxemia, Dehydration, Ruminal atony, Recumbency and Deaths
Prof. Dr. Ali SadiekProf. Dr. Ali Sadiek 1111
Daily diet for High producing cowsDaily diet for High producing cows
Prof. Dr. Ali SadiekProf. Dr. Ali Sadiek 1212
What feeds can cause carbohydrate What feeds can cause carbohydrate engorgement?engorgement?
• Cereal grains• Indust. byproduct (brewers grains, sugars)• Fruits, Tubers (potatoes, sugar beets)• Finely ground feeds with large surface area
promote rapid fermentation
• Hay and grass are not highly fermentable due to cellulose and large particle size
• Corn silage usually not a problem because much of CHO already reduced to VFAs in ensiling process and also due to large particle size
Prof. Dr. Ali SadiekProf. Dr. Ali Sadiek 1313
PathogenesisPathogenesis
Prof. Dr. Ali SadiekProf. Dr. Ali Sadiek 1414
Prof. Dr. Ali SadiekProf. Dr. Ali Sadiek 1515
PathogenesisPathogenesis• Histamine levels increase• Ethanol, methanol, tyramine,
tryptamine production contribute to CNS depression
• Thiaminase production may result in development of polioencephalomalecia
• Death of Gram – bacteria can cause endotoxin release
Prof. Dr. Ali SadiekProf. Dr. Ali Sadiek 1616
Clinical signsClinical signs1. Abdominal pain2. Dehydration (6-12 %)3. Diarrhea – fluid, fetid4. Splashy rumen, bloat5. Depression6. Lameness7. Scleral injection
Prof. Dr. Ali SadiekProf. Dr. Ali Sadiek 1717
Clinical signsClinical signs8. TemperatureL: Elevated initially, may
be subnormal when presented9. HR = 80-140 bpm10.RR elevated (blow off CO2)11.Rumen fluid analysis
– pH < 5– sour odor– protozoa dead, predominance of gram +
Prof. Dr. Ali SadiekProf. Dr. Ali Sadiek 1818
P.M: Consequences of P.M: Consequences of RuminitisRuminitis
1- Ruminal ulcer and perforation2- Mycotic infection3- Hepatic abscess.4- Laminitis
Prof. Dr. Ali SadiekProf. Dr. Ali Sadiek 1919
Consequence of Consequence of RuminitisRuminitis
Rumen ulcers & perforation Mycotic infection
damages mucosal surfaces
Prof. Dr. Ali SadiekProf. Dr. Ali Sadiek 2020
Dry impacted R. contentDry impacted R. contentNormal R. mucosaNormal R. mucosa
RuminitisRuminitisMycoticMycotic ruminitisruminitis
Prof. Dr. Ali SadiekProf. Dr. Ali Sadiek 2121
Laboratory findingsLaboratory findingsI-Blood: Metabolic acidosis
Increased PCV, Glucose, Phosphate, BUN, creatinine , anion gapDecreased pH <7.0 and calcium
II-Ruminal fluid:Decreased pH< 5.0Decreased activity of microflra & fauna.
III-Urine:Decreased pHproteinuria
Prof. Dr. Ali SadiekProf. Dr. Ali Sadiek 2222
DiagnosisDiagnosisCase history: Sudden access to excess CHOClinical signs: Impaction, depression, toxemia.Laboratory findings: •Blood: CBC, BUN, blood gas.
•Rumen fluid analysis.•Urine pH and sp. Gr.
Differental Diagnosis:•Milk fever (incidence, decreased ca)•Liver disease (jaundice & liver function).•Lead and arsenic toxicity (Acuteness & nervous signs)
Prof. Dr. Ali SadiekProf. Dr. Ali Sadiek 2323
TherapyTherapyI- Evacuation of
rumen• Kingman tube
–Rumenotomy–Ice water administration
Prof. Dr. Ali SadiekProf. Dr. Ali Sadiek 2424
TherapyTherapyII- Medicinal therapy:1-Anti-inflammatory agents –flunixin
meglumine (Banamine)2-Antibiotics:Procaine pen G (10 million IU,
P.O.)3-Antimycotic therapy (Fungicid)III- Supportive therapy1-Fluid and electrolyte replacement IV2-Rumen transfaunation3-Thiamine and B-complex vitamins
Prof. Dr. Ali SadiekProf. Dr. Ali Sadiek 2525
ControlControl• Make dietary changes very gradually
– Addition of antibiotics– ionophore antibiotics e.g Monensin (Na+)
and Ionomycin (Ca++) ) to the feed have been beneficial but do not replace
– HCO3- (Antacid)– Good management.
• Rumen adaptation may take 6 weeks