• Advantages of Rubber dam. What is rubber dam Construction of Rubber dam Operation mechanism(Automatic control mechanism) Use of a rubber dam in hydropower plant Selection of a Rubber dam site New types of rubber dams Rubber dam: New hope for farmers? Rubber Dam Applications Rubber dam manufacturers Future plan of work in India Conclusion References

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Russia Australia USAChina India

Better control of flood and draught.

Increase of per capita water storage capacity and water use efficiency

Easy installation

Lower investment cost ( about 40%) than the conventional gated regulating structure

Ground re-charging

Other purposes: irrigation, water supply, power generation, tidal barrier ,environ-mental improvement.

India’s per capita water storage

Basically rubber dams are fabric reinforced rubber bags, which can be inflated or deflated by water or air. The fabric gives the necessary strength where as rubber acts as a shock absorber and water proofing material.

• It function as a reliable crest-adjustable water gate.

Construction of Rubber dam Concrete base slab & side walls Anchorage Dam bag /Membrane Water or air filling & draining system/Control system

Rubber dam

Anchoring

Concrete structure

This figure shows how rubber body is secured to a concrete foundation by its anchor line.

Concrete Base Slab: Concrete slab is provided as

a base for rubber construction.

The side walls of the dam should be vertical or inclined

Anchorage: Dams are secured to the

concrete foundations using a single or dual core clamping plates

Plates are clamped to the membrane using anchor bolts

Dam bag /Membrane:

The rubber dam body is a membrane of rubberized fabric, which is composed of layers of synthetic rubber and layers of synthetic fiber reinforcement that are firmly bonded together by vulcanization.

Physical-mechanical properties of the dam membrane are given by

tensile strength elasticity and flexibility ozone-resistance high-temperature and low-temperature resistance abrasion-resistance weather-resistance specific life strength

Inflation: An air blower or water pump

and ancillary devices such as valves are used to inflate the air or water filled dam respectively.

Deflation:There are three types of deflation systems: bucket, float, and electrical.

Safety systems: An air blow-off tank(air-filled

dam)and siphon pipe(water-filled dam) can be used as a safety device in case principal deflation mechanism fails

A pressure sensor is used to monitor the inner pressure of the dam body.

The inlet of air/water to the dam body is cut off automatically when inner pressure reaches the preset level.

A laser height measuring device can be installed inside the dam body.

A sensor monitors water level. The exhaust valve is opened automatically as deflation level is reached.

Bridgestone Inflatable /Deflated Dam on Susquehanna River at Sunbury, Pennsylvania

Water filled rubber dam:Advantages The weight of the water-filled

dam prevents vibrations. The entire height of the dam

rises or lowers evenly.

Weaknesses More expensive construction: a

wider concrete sill, more expensive water pumps, more expensive pipelines due to a bigger diameter of pipes.

Manipulation takes more time (filling up and emptying the weir).

Freezing of the weir (the possibility of water freezing in the system).

Vandalism (puncturing, cutting).

Air filled rubber dam:Advantages Faster lowering and raising of

the weir. Cheaper construction. Lower power consumption.

Weaknesses Vibrations of the weir. Uneven emptying of the weir

(sinking of the centre of the weir).

Vandalism (puncturing, cutting).

Measures to reduce vibration

› Fin structure› Semi-circle shape› Double-line anchoring› Hose Spacers

In the site selection following condi-tions should be considered:

Straight section Smooth Flow Riverbed and Bank slopes are

stable. Geological Hydrologic Meteorological hydraulic conditions

• It is better to carry out the construction of civil works related to the rubber dam in a dry season

Power of a hydroelectric power plant depends also on the speed of the river and that the power expressed in percentage increases more at the rivers where the fall is smaller.

The percentage of the increase of the power is calculated in the following way:

%P = the percentage of the increase of power in a hydroelectric planth2 = the height of the increase of the fall in a hydroelectric power planth1 = the initial height of the fall in a hydroelectric power plant

Rubber Dam ,Bhubaneshwar, Orissa

Tin Shui Wai Rubber Dam Hong Kong Rubber weirs at the river Sava in Kranj

Janjhavathi Rubber Dam (India)irrigates 24,000 acres

Rubber dam with inspection gallery: Some large dams of Bridgestone and Sumitomo have an inspection gallery . An access door and air-lock system are provided to allow entry into the dam when its in the inflated mode.

Rubber dams with different deflation modes: New types can deflate in both the upstream and downstream directions according to the direction of flow or deflate directly onto the foundation.

Innovative fish-way: The rubber dam can be incorporated into a fish-way.

Impact of Rubber Dam on crop productivity of summer vegetables at Baghamari,Orissa.

S.NO. Productivity(t/ha)

Before Installationof RubberDam(2009)

Afterinstallation ofRubber Dam(2010 )

1. 2.873 4.67

HYDRO POWER Project: Rainbow DamCountry: USA Size: 3.66Hx67.7L

WATER SUPPLY Project : Gubeng DamCountry : Indonesia Size : 2.85Hx12.0L

GROUND RECHARGING Project : AlamedaCountry : USA Size : 3.96Hx88.8L TIDAL BARRIER Project : Naruse

RiverCountry : Japan Size : 2.3Hx42.1L

Purpose Dam/Project Name CountryHeight (m)

Width (m)

Groundwater recharge

Sonoma Dam USA 3.3 36.9

Hydropower Glenford dam Canada 1.7 74.7

IrrigationLamchi Muang Ling Dam

Thailand 4 73

Increasing reservoir capacity

Mirani Weir Australia 1.8 107.3

Navigation Tsudae Dam Japan 1.5 20

Recreation Shin Chon Dam Korea 1.5 50.65

Rehabilitation Vaca Dam Philippines 2.0 13.3

Drinking water Altoona Dam USA 1.53 35.7

Flow control (sewerage)

Ichioka Sewerage Plant Japan 1.1 6.5

Flood control Shing Chu River DamTaiwan, China

1.6 8

Tidal barrier Naruse River Japan 2.3 42.1

Trelleborg Queensland Rubber (Australia)

 http://www.trelleborgqr.com

Satujo (France) http://www.satujo.com/english/sommairea.htm

Bridgestone (Japan) http://www.bridgestoneengprod.com/

Rubena (Czech)http://www.rubena.cgs.cz/english/rubena.html

Hydroconstruct (Austria) http://www.hydroconstruct.at/e_start.htm

Superior Dam LLC (USA) http://www.superiordam.com/index.html

Qingdao Hua Chen Industrial Technology Co.(China)

http://www.huachenrubber.com

Indian Rubber Manufacturers Research Association (India) Thane, Maharastra

Gujarat's first rubber dam to be built over Tapi at Rundh. Source: The times of India, Surat. Jun 8, 2010, 10.40pm IST

Expert team inspects site for rubber dam in Pampa River. Source: The Hindu Kerala.July 28, 2007.

First rubber dam in India is being built in Andhra Pradesh, over the Janjhavathi river in Vizianagaram district.

SEVERAL STATES including Jharkhand and West Bengal, have shown interest in rubber dams. Jharkhand Water Resources Department officials said that they have approached Hydroconstruct to build a dam. Source: Tehelka.com August 28, 2010, Issue 34 Volume 7.

Installation and evaluation of Rubber Dams at various watersheds at Bhubaneshwar, Orissa.

The steel industrial kerala limited a public sector company, has entered into an agreement with an australian firm(hydro construct) for the construction of rubber dams in kerala. Source: The times of India, Thiruvananthapuram. Mar 3, 2002, 11.40pm IST

Many more……

A flexible way to manage water? Hi-tech rubber dams could be

theanswer.

P. Roy Choudhury, S. K. Chakraborty, Manasi Nath, “Rubber Dam a novelapproach for control of water flow in watershed management for agricultural growth of India” published in Rubber India, vol LX, No 8, pg 49, August 2008

http://www.hydroconstruct.at/ Bridgestone Corporation. 1997. Rubber dam: inflatable rubber weir. Tokyo,

Japan. P. Roy Choudhury, Manasi Nath, Bhagabat Bhuyan “ Design and

Development of Rubber Dam – a farmer friendly Rubber reservoir”, published in Rubber Chem Review, vol XXXVII No 6, pg 29, July- August 2008.

• X Q Zhang, P W.M Tam, W Zheng ,Construction, operation and maintenance of rubber dams , Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering Volume 29, Number 3, June 2002.

Karl-Heinz John, Michael Tiegelkamp, IEC 61131-3:Programming Industrial Automation Systems, Springer.

Thank You