rtn 310 v100r001c01 maintenance guide 02.pdf
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OptiX RTN 310 Radio Transmission System
V100R001C01
Maintenance Guide
Issue 02
Date 2012-12-30
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
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Copyright Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 2012. All rights reserved.
No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without prior written
consent of Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
Trademarks and Permissions
and other Huawei trademarks are trademarks of Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
All other trademarks and trade names mentioned in this document are the property of their respective holders.
Notice
The purchased products, services and features are stipulated by the contract made between Huawei and the
customer. All or part of the products, services and features described in this document may not be within the
purchase scope or the usage scope. Unless otherwise specified in the contract, all statements, information,and recommendations in this document are provided "AS IS" without warranties, guarantees or representations
of any kind, either express or implied.
The information in this document is subject to change without notice. Every effort has been made in the
preparation of this document to ensure accuracy of the contents, but all statements, information, and
recommendations in this document do not constitute a warranty of any kind, express or implied.
Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
Address: Huawei Industrial Base
Bantian, Longgang
Shenzhen 518129
People's Republic of China
Website: http://www.huawei.com
Email: [email protected]
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About This Document
Related Versions
The following table lists the product versions related to this document.
Product Name Version
OptiX RTN 310 V100R001C01
iManager U2000 V100R008C00
Intended AudienceThis document provides the guidelines to maintaining the OptiX RTN 310. It also describes the
alarms and performance events that are required for troubleshooting during the maintenance.
This document is intended for:
l Network planning engineer
l Data configuration engineer
l System maintenance engineer
Symbol ConventionsThe symbols that may be found in this document are defined as follows.
Symbol Description
Alerts you to a high risk hazard that could, if
not avoided, result in serious injury or death.
Alerts you to a medium or low risk hazard that
could, if not avoided, result in moderate or
minor injury.
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Symbol Description
Alerts you to a potentially hazardous situation
that could, if not avoided, result in equipment
damage, data loss, performance deterioration,
or unanticipated results.
Provides a tip that may help you solve a
problem or save time.
Provides additional information to emphasize
or supplement important points in the main
text.
General Conventions
The general conventions that may be found in this document are defined as follows.
Convention Description
Times New Roman Normal paragraphs are in Times New Roman.
Boldface Names of files, directories, folders, and users are in
boldface. For example, log in as user root.
Italic Book titles are in italics.Courier New Examples of information displayed on the screen are in
Courier New.
Command Conventions
The command conventions that may be found in this document are defined as follows.
Convention Description
Boldface The keywords of a command line are in boldface.
Italic Command arguments are in italics.
[ ] Items (keywords or arguments) in brackets [ ] are optional.
{ x | y | ... } Optional items are grouped in braces and separated by
vertical bars. One item is selected.
[ x | y | ... ] Optional items are grouped in brackets and separated by
vertical bars. One item is selected or no item is selected.
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Convention Description
{ x | y | ... }* Optional items are grouped in braces and separated by
vertical bars. A minimum of one item or a maximum of all
items can be selected.
[ x | y | ... ]* Optional items are grouped in brackets and separated by
vertical bars. Several items or no item can be selected.
GUI Conventions
The GUI conventions that may be found in this document are defined as follows.
Convention Description
Boldface Buttons, menus, parameters, tabs, window, and dialog titles
are in boldface. For example, click OK.
> Multi-level menus are in boldfaceand separated by the ">"
signs. For example, choose File> Create> Folder.
Change History
Updates between document issues are cumulative. Therefore, the latest document issue contains
all updates made in previous issues.
Updates in Issue 02 (2012-12-30)
This document is the second issue of the V100R001C01 product version.
Update Description
A Alarm Reference Added new alarms.
Updates in Issue 01 (2012-10-30)
This document is the first issue of the V100R001C01 product version.
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Contents
About This Document.....................................................................................................................ii
1 Safety Precautions.........................................................................................................................1
1.1 General Safety Precautions.................................................................................................................................2
1.2 Warning and Safety Symbols.............................................................................................................................31.3 Electrical Safety..................................................................................................................................................4
1.4 Environment of Flammable Gas.........................................................................................................................5
1.5 Storage Batteries.................................................................................................................................................6
1.6 Radiation.............................................................................................................................................................7
1.6.1 Safe Usage of Optical Fibers.....................................................................................................................8
1.6.2 Electromagnetic Exposure.........................................................................................................................8
1.6.3 Forbidden Areas........................................................................................................................................8
1.6.4 Laser..........................................................................................................................................................9
1.6.5 Microwave...............................................................................................................................................10
1.7 Working at Heights...........................................................................................................................................10
1.7.1 Hoisting Heavy Objects...........................................................................................................................10
1.7.2 Using Ladders..........................................................................................................................................11
1.8 Mechanical Safety............................................................................................................................................13
1.9 Other Precautions.............................................................................................................................................14
2 Routine Maintenance Items......................................................................................................16
3 Emergency Maintenance Guide................................................................................................19
4 Troubleshooting..........................................................................................................................21
4.1 Fault Diagnosis.................................................................................................................................................22
4.1.1 Principles.................................................................................................................................................22
4.1.2 Common Operations................................................................................................................................22
4.2 General Troubleshooting Procedure.................................................................................................................24
4.3 Troubleshooting Microwave Link Faults.........................................................................................................28
4.4 Troubleshooting Ethernet Service Faults.........................................................................................................34
4.5 Troubleshooting DCN Faults............................................................................................................................40
5 Part Replacement.........................................................................................................................46
5.1 Replacing an OptiX RTN 310..........................................................................................................................47
5.2 Replacing an SFP Module................................................................................................................................49
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6 Database Backup and Restoration...........................................................................................51
6.1 NE Database.....................................................................................................................................................52
6.2 Backing Up the Database Manually.................................................................................................................53
6.3 Setting the Database Backup Policy.................................................................................................................54
6.3.1 Setting the User-Defined Backup Policy.................................................................................................54
6.3.2 Executing the Backup Policy of the Device............................................................................................56
6.3.3 Suspending the Backup Policy of the Device..........................................................................................57
6.4 Restoring the Database by NMS......................................................................................................................58
6.5 Restoring Databases from a USB Flash Drive.................................................................................................61
7 Supporting Task..........................................................................................................................63
7.1 Browsing Alarms, Abnormal Events, and Performance Events.......................................................................65
7.1.1 Checking the NE Status(U2000).............................................................................................................65
7.1.2 Checking the NE Status(Web LCT)........................................................................................................66
7.1.3 Browsing Current Alarms(U2000)..........................................................................................................67
7.1.4 Browsing Current Alarms(Web LCT).....................................................................................................69
7.1.5 Browsing History Alarms(U2000)..........................................................................................................71
7.1.6 Browsing History Alarms(Web LCT).....................................................................................................72
7.1.7 Browsing Current Performance Events(U2000)......................................................................................74
7.1.8 Browsing Current Performance Events(Web LCT)................................................................................75
7.1.9 Browsing History Performance Events(U2000)......................................................................................76
7.1.10 Browsing History Performance Events(Web LCT)...............................................................................77
7.1.11 Browsing Current Alarms of the radio link(U2000).............................................................................78
7.1.12 Browsing Current Alarms of the radio link(Web LCT)........................................................................79
7.1.13 Browsing Current Performance Events of the radio link(Web LCT)....................................................80
7.1.14 Browsing Historical Performance Data of a Radio Link(Web LCT)....................................................80
7.1.15 Browsing the Performance Event Threshold-Crossing Records(U2000)..............................................81
7.1.16 Browsing the Performance Event Threshold-Crossing Records(Web LCT)........................................82
7.1.17 Browsing Abnormal Events(U2000).....................................................................................................83
7.1.18 Browsing Abnormal Events(Web LCT)................................................................................................84
7.1.19 Browsing UAT Events(U2000).............................................................................................................86
7.1.20 Browsing UAT Events(Web LCT)........................................................................................................87
7.2 Setting Alarm and Performance Management Functions.................................................................................887.2.1 Configuring the Performance Monitoring Status of NEs........................................................................88
7.2.2 Suppressing Alarms.................................................................................................................................89
7.2.3 Reversing Alarms for Ports.....................................................................................................................90
7.2.4 Setting Bit Error Thresholds for Microwave Ports..................................................................................91
7.2.5 Setting Monitoring and Auto-Report Status of Performance Events......................................................92
7.2.6 Setting Performance Thresholds..............................................................................................................92
7.2.7 Resetting Performance Registers.............................................................................................................93
7.3 Querying a Report............................................................................................................................................94
7.3.1 Querying the Board Information Report(U2000)....................................................................................94
7.3.2 Querying the Board Information Report(Web LCT)...............................................................................95
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7.3.3 Querying the Board Manufacturing Information Report(U2000)...........................................................96
7.3.4 Querying the Board Manufacturing Information Report(Web LCT)......................................................97
7.3.5 Querying the Microwave Link Information Report.................................................................................98
7.3.6 Querying the Network-wide License Report...........................................................................................99
7.4 Software Loopback.........................................................................................................................................100
7.4.1 Setting Loopbacks for Ethernet Ports....................................................................................................100
7.4.2 Setting Loopback for the IF Board........................................................................................................101
7.5 Reset...............................................................................................................................................................104
7.5.1 Cold Reset..............................................................................................................................................104
7.5.2 Warm Reset...........................................................................................................................................105
7.6 Packet Service Diagnosis................................................................................................................................107
7.6.1 E-LAN Service Loopback Detection.....................................................................................................107
7.6.2 Performing Intelligent Service Fault Diagnosis for E-Line Services....................................................108
7.7 Detecting Consecutive Waves........................................................................................................................108
7.8 PRBS Test.......................................................................................................................................................109
7.9 Querying the License Capacity.......................................................................................................................111
7.10 Scanning Interfering Signals........................................................................................................................111
7.11 Setting the Automatic Release Function......................................................................................................112
7.12 QueryingPower Consumption of NE...........................................................................................................113
7.13 Queryingthe Attributes of an Ethernet Port.................................................................................................114
7.14 Setting Traffic, Physical Bandwidth, or Bandwidth Utilization of Ethernet Ports.......................................114
7.15 Querying Traffic, Physical Bandwidth, or Bandwidth Utilization of Ethernet Ports...................................115
7.16 End-to-End Management of Fibers and Radio Links...................................................................................1167.16.1 Expanding/Collapsing Fibers and Cables............................................................................................116
7.16.2 Querying the Radio Link Information.................................................................................................117
7.16.3 Querying the Radio Link Performance................................................................................................118
A Alarm Reference.......................................................................................................................119
A.1 Alarm List......................................................................................................................................................120
A.2 Alarms and Handling Procedures..................................................................................................................124
A.2.1 AM_DOWNSHIFT........................................................................ ......................................................124
A.2.2 BDTEMP_SENSOR_FAIL..................................................................................................................126
A.2.3 BOOTROM_BAD................................................................................................................................126A.2.4 CLK_LOCK_FAIL...............................................................................................................................127
A.2.5 DBMS_DELETE..................................................................................................................................129
A.2.6 DBMS_ERROR....................................................................................................................................129
A.2.7 DBMS_PROTECT_MODE.................................................................................................................130
A.2.8 DCNSIZE_OVER.................................................................................................................................131
A.2.9 ERPS_IN_PROTECTION....................................................................................................................132
A.2.10 ETH_AUTO_LINK_DOWN.............................................................................................................133
A.2.11 ETH_CFM_AIS..................................................................................................................................134
A.2.12 ETH_CFM_LOC................................................................................................................................135
A.2.13 ETH_CFM_MISMERGE...................................................................................................................137
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A.2.14 ETH_CFM_RDI.................................................................................................................................138
A.2.15 ETH_CFM_UNEXPERI....................................................................................................................140
A.2.16 ETH_EFM_DF...................................................................................................................................141
A.2.17 ETH_EFM_EVENT...........................................................................................................................143
A.2.18 ETH_EFM_LOOPBACK...................................................................................................................144
A.2.19 ETH_EFM_REMFAULT...................................................................................................................145
A.2.20 ETH_LINK_DOWN...........................................................................................................................146
A.2.21 ETH_LOS...........................................................................................................................................147
A.2.22 ETH_NO_FLOW............................................................ ...................................................................149
A.2.23 ETHOAM_SELF_LOOP...................................................................................................................150
A.2.24 FLOW_OVER....................................................................................................................................151
A.2.25 HARD_BAD.......................................................................................................................................152
A.2.26 IN_PWR_ABN...................................................................................................................................155
A.2.27 LAG_DOWN......................................................................................................................................156
A.2.28 LAG_MEMBER_DOWN..................................................................................................................157
A.2.29 LASER_MOD_ERR...........................................................................................................................158
A.2.30 LCS_LIMITED...................................................................................................................................159
A.2.31 LICENSE_LOST................................................................................................................................161
A.2.32 LOOP_ALM.......................................................................................................................................161
A.2.33 LSR_WILL_DIE................................................................................................................................163
A.2.34 LSR_NO_FITED................................................................................................................................163
A.2.35 LTI......................................................................................................................................................164
A.2.36 MAC_EXT_EXC...............................................................................................................................165A.2.37 MAC_FCS_EXC................................................................................................................................167
A.2.38 MULTI_RPL_OWNER......................................................................................................................168
A.2.39 MW_AM_TEST.................................................................................................................................169
A.2.40 MW_BER_EXC.................................................................................................................................169
A.2.41 MW_BER_SD....................................................................................................................................172
A.2.42 MW_CFG_MISMATCH....................................................................................................................175
A.2.43 MW_CONT_WAVE..........................................................................................................................176
A.2.44 MW_FEC_UNCOR............................................................................................................................178
A.2.45 MW_LIM............................................................................................................................................181
A.2.46 MW_LOF...........................................................................................................................................182
A.2.47 MW_RDI............................................................................................................................................185
A.2.48 NB_CFG_MISMATCH.....................................................................................................................186
A.2.49 NB_UNREACHABLE.......................................................................................................................189
A.2.50 NESF_LOST.......................................................................................................................................191
A.2.51 NESOFT_MM....................................................................................................................................193
A.2.52 NTP_SYNC_FAIL.............................................................................................................................195
A.2.53 OUT_PWR_ABN...............................................................................................................................196
A.2.54 PASSWORD_NEED_CHANGE.......................................................................................................197
A.2.55 PATCH_ACT_TIMEOUT.................................................................................................................197
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A.2.56 PATCH_DEACT_TIMEOUT............................................................................................................198
A.2.57 PATCH_PKGERR.............................................................................................................................199
A.2.58 PORT_EXC_TRAFFIC......................................................................................................................200
A.2.59 PORTMODE_MISMATCH...............................................................................................................201
A.2.60 POWER_ALM...................................................................................................................................202
A.2.61 PTP_TIMESTAMP_ABN..................................................................................................................203
A.2.62 RADIO_FADING_MARGIN_INSUFF.............................................................................................205
A.2.63 RADIO_MUTE..................................................................................................................................206
A.2.64 RADIO_RSL_BEYONDTH..............................................................................................................207
A.2.65 RADIO_RSL_HIGH..........................................................................................................................208
A.2.66 RADIO_RSL_LOW...........................................................................................................................209
A.2.67 RADIO_TSL_HIGH...........................................................................................................................210
A.2.68 RADIO_TSL_LOW...........................................................................................................................211
A.2.69 RPS_INDI...........................................................................................................................................211
A.2.70 S1_SYN_CHANGE...........................................................................................................................213
A.2.71 SEC_RADIUS_FAIL.........................................................................................................................214
A.2.72 SECU_ALM.......................................................................................................................................215
A.2.73 SRV_SHUTDOWN_LD....................................................................................................................216
A.2.74 SSL_CERT_NOENC.........................................................................................................................217
A.2.75 STORM_CUR_QUENUM_OVER....................................................................................................217
A.2.76 SUBNET_RT_CONFLICT................................................................................................................218
A.2.77 SWDL_ACTIVATED_TIMEOUT....................................................................................................220
A.2.78 SWDL_COMMIT_FAIL....................................................................................................................221A.2.79 SWDL_INPROCESS.........................................................................................................................222
A.2.80 SWDL_NEPKGCHECK....................................................................................................................223
A.2.81 SWDL_PKGVER_MM......................................................................................................................223
A.2.82 SWDL_ROLLBACK_FAIL...............................................................................................................224
A.2.83 SYNC_C_LOS...................................................................................................................................225
A.2.84 SYSLOG_COMM_FAIL...................................................................................................................226
A.2.85 TEMP_ALARM.................................................................................................................................226
A.2.86 TF........................................................................................................................................................228
A.2.87 TIME_LOCK_FAIL...........................................................................................................................228
A.2.88 TIME_LOS.........................................................................................................................................229
A.2.89 TIME_NO_TRACE_MODE..............................................................................................................230
A.2.90 USB_PROCESS_FAIL......................................................................................................................231
A.2.91 XPIC_LOS..........................................................................................................................................232
B Performance Event Reference.................................................................................................234
B.1 Performance Event List..................................................................................................................................235
B.1.1 Microwave Performance Events...........................................................................................................235
B.1.2 Other Performance Events....................................................................................................................237
B.2 Performance Events and Handling Procedures..............................................................................................239
B.2.1 AMDOWNCNT and AMUPCNT........................................................................................................239
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B.2.2 ATPC_P_ADJUST and ATPC_N_ADJUST.......................................................................................240
B.2.3 MAXMEANPATHDELAY, MINMEANPATHDELAY, and AVGMEANPATHDELAY...............240
B.2.4 BDTEMPMAX, BDTEMPMIN, and BDTEMPCUR..........................................................................241
B.2.5 FEC_BEF_COR_ER and FEC_UNCOR_BLOCK_CNT....................................................................242
B.2.6 IF_BBE, IF_ES, IF_SES, IF_CSES, and IF_UAS...............................................................................243
B.2.7 IF_SNR_MAX, IF_SNR_MIN, and IF_SNR_AVG............................................................................244
B.2.8 MAXPHASEOFFSET, MINPHASEOFFSET, and AVGPHASEOFFSET.........................................244
B.2.9 OSPITMPMAX, OSPITMPMIN, and OSPITMPCUR........................................................................245
B.2.10 PATEMPMAX, PATEMPMIN, and PATEMPCUR.........................................................................246
B.2.11 QPSKWS, QPSK_S_WS, QAMWS16, QAM_S_WS16, QAMWS32, QAMWS64, QAMWS128,
QAMWS256, QAMWS512, QAM_L_WS512, QAMWS1024, QAM_L_WS1024, and QAMWS2048.....246
B.2.12 RLHTT, RLLTT, TLHTT, and TLLTT..............................................................................................247
B.2.13 RSL_MAX, RSL_MIN, RSL_CUR, and RSL_AVG........................................................................248
B.2.14 TLBMAX, TLBMIN, and TLBCUR..................................................................................................249B.2.15 TPLMAX, TPLMIN, and TPLCUR...................................................................................................249
B.2.16 RPLMAX, RPLMIN, and RPLCUR..................................................................................................250
B.2.17 TSL_MAX, TSL_MIN, TSL_CUR, and TSL_AVG.........................................................................250
B.2.18 XPIC_XPD_VALUE..........................................................................................................................251
C RMON Event Reference..........................................................................................................252
C.1 RMON AlarmEntry List...............................................................................................................................253
C.2 RMON Performance Entry List.....................................................................................................................254
C.3 RMON Events and Handling Procedures......................................................................................................258
C.3.1 ETHDROP............................................................................................................................................258
C.3.2 ETHFCS................................................................................................................................................259
C.3.3 ETHFRG...............................................................................................................................................260
C.3.4 ETHJAB................................................................................................................................................261
C.3.5 ETHOVER............................................................................................................................................261
C.3.6 ETHUNDER.........................................................................................................................................262
C.3.7 RXBBAD..............................................................................................................................................262
D Alarm Suppression Relationship..........................................................................................264
E Glossary......................................................................................................................................266
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1Safety PrecautionsAbout This Chapter
This topic describes the safety precautions that you must follow when installing, operating, and
maintaining Huawei devices.
1.1 General Safety Precautions
This topic describes essential safety precautions that instruct you in the selection of measuring
and testing instruments when you install, operate, and maintain Huawei devices.
1.2 Warning and Safety Symbols
Before using the equipment, note the following warning and safety symbols on the equipment.
1.3 ElectricalSafety
This topic describes safety precautions for high voltage, lightning strikes, high leakage current,
power cables, fuses, and ESD.
1.4 Environment of Flammable Gas
This topic describes safety precautions for the operating environment of a device.
1.5 Storage Batteries
This topic describes safety precautions for operations of storage batteries.
1.6 Radiation
This topic describes safety precautions for electromagnetic exposure and lasers.
1.7 Working at Heights
This topic describes safety precautions for working at heights.
1.8 Mechanical Safety
This topic describes safety precautions for drilling holes, handling sharp objects, operating fans,
and carrying heavy objects.
1.9 Other Precautions
This topic describes safety precautions for removing and inserting boards, binding signal cables,
and routing cables.
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1.1 General Safety Precautions
This topic describes essential safety precautions that instruct you in the selection of measuring
and testing instruments when you install, operate, and maintain Huawei devices.
All Safety Precautions
To ensure the safety of humans and a device, follow the marks on the device and all the safety
precautions in this document when installing, operating, and maintaining a device.
The "CAUTION", "WARNING", and "DANGER" marks in this document do not cover all the
safety precautions that must be followed. They are supplements to the safety precautions.
Local Laws and Regulations
When operating a device, always comply with the local laws and regulations. The safety
precautions provided in the documents are in addition/supplementary to the local laws and
regulations.
Basic Installation Requirements
The installation and maintenance personnel of Huawei devices must receive strict training and
be familiar with the proper operation methods and safety precautions before any operation.
l Only trained and qualified personnel are permitted to install, operate, and maintain a device.
l Only certified professionals are permitted to remove the safety facilities, and to troubleshoot
and maintain the device.l Only the personnel authenticated or authorized by Huawei are permitted to replace or
change the device or parts of the device (including software).
l The operating personnel must immediately report the faults or errors that may cause safety
problems to the person in charge.
Grounding Requirements
The grounding requirements are applicable to the device that needs to be grounded.
l When installing the device, always connect the grounding facilities first. When removing
the device, always disconnect the grounding facilities last.
l Ensure that the grounding conductor is intact.
l Do not operate the device in the absence of a suitably installed grounding conductor.
l The device must be connected to the protection ground (PGND) permanently. Before
operating the device, check the electrical connections of the device, and ensure that the
device is properly grounded.
Human Safety
l When there is a risk of a lightning strike, do not operate the fixed terminal or touch the
cables.
l
When there is risk of a lightning strike, unplug the AC power connector. Do not use thefixed terminal or touch the terminal or antenna connector.
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NOTE
The preceding requirements apply to wireless fixed station terminals.
l To avoid electric shocks, do not connect safety extra-low voltage (SELV) circuits to
telephone-network voltage (TNV) circuits.
l Do not look into optical ports without eye protection. Otherwise, human eyes may be hurtby laser beams.
l Before operating the device, wear an ESD protective coat, ESD gloves, and an ESD wrist
strap. In addition, you need to get off the conductive objects, such as jewelry and watches,
to prevent electric shock and burn.
l In case of fire, escape from the building or site where the device is located and press the
fire alarm bell or dial the telephone number for fire alarms. Do not enter the burning building
again in any situation.
Device Safety
l Before any operation, install the device firmly on the ground or other rigid objects, such ason a wall or in a rack.
l When the system is working, ensure that the ventilation hole is not blocked.
l When installing the front panel, use a tool to tighten the screws firmly, if required.
l After installing the device, clean up the packing materials.
1.2 Warning and Safety Symbols
Before using the equipment, note the following warning and safety symbols on the equipment.
Table 1-1lists the warning and safety symbols of the OptiX RTN 310 and their meanings.
Table 1-1Warning and safety symbols of the OptiX RTN 310
Label Label Name Description
ESD protection label Indicates that the equipment is
sensitive to static electricity.
Radiation warning label Indicates that the equipment
generates electromagnetic
radiation.
High temperature warning label Indicates that the equipment
surface temperature may exceed
70C when the ambient
temperature is higher than 55C.
Wear protective gloves to handle
the equipment.
Grounding label Indicates the grounding position
of a chassis.
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1.3 Electrical Safety
This topic describes safety precautions for high voltage, lightning strikes, high leakage current,
power cables, fuses, and ESD.
High Voltage
DANGER
l A high-voltage power supply provides power for device operations. Direct human contact
with the high voltage power supply or human contact through damp objects can be fatal.
l Unspecified or unauthorized high voltage operations could result in fire or electric shock, or
both.
Thunderstorm
The requirements apply only to wireless base stations or devices with antennas and feeders.
DANGER
Do not perform operations on high voltage, AC power, towers, or backstays in stormy weather
conditions.
High Leakage Current
WARNING
Before powering on a device, ground the device. Otherwise, the safety of humans and the device
cannot be ensured.
If a high leakage current mark is labeled near the power connector of the device, you must
connect the PGND terminal on the shell to the ground before connecting the device to an A/C
input power supply. This is to prevent the electric shock caused by leakage current of the device.
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Power Cables
DANGER
Do not install or remove the power cable with a live line. Transient contact between the core of
the power cable and the conductor may generate electric arc or spark, which may cause fire or
eye injury.
l Before installing or removing power cables, you must power off the device.
l Before connecting a power cable, you must ensure that the label on the power cable is
correct.
Device with Power On
DANGER
Installing or removing a device is prohibited if the device is on.
DANGER
Do not install or remove the power cables of the equipment when it is powered on.
Short Circuits
When installing and maintaining devices, place and use the associated tools and instruments in
accordance with regulations to avoid short-circuits caused by metal objects.
Fuse
WARNING
If the fuse on a device blows, replace the fuse with a fuse of the same type and specifications to
ensure safe operation of the device.
1.4 Environment of Flammable Gas
This topic describes safety precautions for the operating environment of a device.
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DANGER
Do not place or operate devices in an environment of flammable or explosive air or gas.
Operating an electronic device in an environment of flammable gas causes a severe hazard.
1.5 Storage Batteries
This topic describes safety precautions for operations of storage batteries.
DANGER
Before operating a storage battery, you must read the safety precautions carefully and be familiar
with the method of connecting a storage battery.
l Incorrect operations of storage batteries cause hazards. During operation, prevent any short-
circuit, and prevent the electrolyte from overflowing or leakage.
l If the electrolyte overflows, it causes potential hazards to the device. The electrolyte may
corrode metal parts and the circuit boards, and ultimately damage the circuit boards.
l A storage battery contains a great deal of energy. Misoperations may cause a short-circuit,
which leads to human injuries.
Basic PrecautionsTo ensure safety, note the following points before installing or maintaining the storage battery:
l Use special insulation tools.
l Wear an eye protector and take effective protection measures.
l Wear rubber gloves and a protection coat to prevent the hazard caused by the overflowing
electrolyte.
l When handling the storage battery, ensure that its electrodes are upward. Leaning or
reversing the storage battery is prohibited.
l Before installing or maintaining the storage battery, ensure that the storage battery is
disconnected from the power supply that charges the storage battery.
Short-Circuit
DANGER
A battery short-circuit may cause human injuries. Although the voltage of an ordinary battery
is low, the instantaneous high current caused by a short-circuit emits a great deal of energy.
Avoid any short-circuit of batteries caused by metal objects. If possible, disconnect the workingbattery before performing other operations.
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Hazardous Gas
CAUTION
Do not use any unsealed lead-acid storage battery. Lay a storage battery horizontally and fix it
properly to prevent the battery from emitting flammable gas, which may cause fire or device
erosion.
Working lead-acid storage batteries emit flammable gas. Therefore, ventilation and fireproofing
measures must be taken at the sites where lead-acid storage batteries are placed.
Battery Temperature
CAUTION
If a battery overheats, the battery may be deformed or damaged, and the electrolyte may
overflow.
When the temperature of the battery is higher than 60C, you need to check whether the
electrolyte overflows. If the electrolyte overflows, take appropriate measures immediately.
Battery Leakage
CAUTION
In the event of acid overflow or spillage, neutralize the acid and clean it up appropriately.
When handling a leaky battery, protect against the possible damage caused by the acid. When
you find the electrolyte leaks, you can use the following substances to counteract and absorb the
leaking electrolyte:
l Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3)
l Sodium carbonate (Na2CO3)
In the event of acid overflow or spillage, neutralize the acid and clean it up as recommended by
the battery manufacturer and any local regulations for acid disposal.
If a person contacts battery electrolyte, clean the skin that contacts the battery electrolyte
immediately by using water. In case of a severe situation, the person must be sent to a hospital
immediately.
1.6 Radiation
This topic describes safety precautions for electromagnetic exposure and lasers.
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1.6.1 Safe Usage of Optical Fibers
The laser beam can cause damage to your eyes. Hence, you must exercise caution when using
optical fibers.
DANGER
When installing or maintaining optical fibers, avoid direct eye exposure to the laser beams
launched from the optical interface or fiber connectors. The laser beam can cause damage to
your eyes.
Cleaning Fiber Connectors and Optical Interfaces
CAUTION
If fiber connectors or flanges are contaminated, optical power commissioning is seriously
affected. Therefore, the two endfaces and flange of every external fiber must be cleaned before
the fiber is led into the equipment through the optical distribution frame (ODF) for being inserted
into an optical interface on the equipment.
The fiber connectors and optical interfaces of the lasers must be cleaned with the following
special cleaning tools and materials:
lSpecial cleaning solvent: It is preferred to use isoamylol. Propyl alcohol, however, can alsobe used. It is prohibited that you use alcohol and formalin.
l Non-woven lens tissue
l Special compressed gas
l Cotton stick (medical cotton or long fiber cotton)
l Special cleaning roll, used with the recommended cleaning solvent
l Special magnifier for fiber connectors
1.6.2 Electromagnetic Exposure
This topic describes safety precautions for electromagnetic exposure.
If multiple transmit antennas are installed on a tower or backstay, keep away from the transmit
directions of the antennas when you install or maintain an antenna locally.
CAUTION
Ensure that all personnel are beyond the transmit direction of a working antenna.
1.6.3 Forbidden Areas
The topic describes requirements for a forbidden area.
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l Before entering an area where the electromagnetic radiation is beyond the specified range,
the associated personnel must shut down the electromagnetic radiator or stay at least 10
meters away from the electromagnetic radiator, if in the transmit direction.
l A physical barrier and an eye-catching warning flag should be available in each forbidden
area.
1.6.4 Laser
This topic describes safety precautions for lasers.
WARNING
When handling optical fibers, do not stand close to, or look into the optical fiber outlet directly
without eye protection.
Laser transceivers are used in the optical transmission system and associated test tools. The laser
transmitted through the bare optical fiber produces a small beam of light, and therefore it has
very high power density and is invisible to human eyes. When a beam of light enters eyes, the
eyes may be damaged.
In normal cases, viewing an un-terminated optical fiber or a damaged optical fiber without eye
protection at a distance greater than 150 mm does not cause eye injury. Eye injury may occur,
however, if an optical tool such as a microscope, magnifying glass, or eye loupe is used to view
an un-terminated optical fiber.
Safety Instructions Regarding LasersTo avoid laser radiation, obey the following instructions:
l All operations should be performed by authorized personnel who have completed the
required training courses.
l Wear a pair of eye-protective glasses when you are handling lasers or fibers.
l Ensure that the optical source is switched off before disconnecting optical fiber connectors.
l Do not look into the end of an exposed fiber or an open connector when you are not sure
whether the optical source is switched off.
l Use an optical power meter to measure the optical power and ensure that the optical source
is switched off.l Before opening the front door of an optical transmission device, ensure that you are not
exposed to laser radiation.
l Do not use an optical tool such as a microscope, a magnifying glass, or an eye loupe to
view the optical connector or fiber that is transmitting optical signals.
Instructions Regarding Fiber Handling
Read and abide by the following instructions before handling fibers:
l Only trained personnel are permitted to cut and splice fibers.
l
Before cutting or splicing a fiber, ensure that the fiber is disconnected from the opticalsource. After disconnecting the fiber, cap to the fiber connectors.
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1.6.5 Microwave
When installing and maintaining the equipment of Huawei, follow the safety precautions of
microwave to ensure the safety of the human body and the equipment.
WARNING
Strong radio frequency can harm the human body.
When installing or maintaining an aerial on the tower or mast that is installed with multiple
aerials, switch off the transmitter in advance.
1.7 Working at HeightsThis topic describes safety precautions for working at heights.
WARNING
When working at heights, be cautious to prevent objects from falling down.
The requirements for working at heights are as follows:
l The personnel who work at heights must be trained.
l Carry and handle the operating machines and tools with caution to prevent them from falling
down.
l Safety measures, such as wearing a helmet and a safety belt, must be taken.
l Wear cold-proof clothes when working at heights in cold areas.
l Check all lifting appliances thoroughly before starting the work, and ensure that they are
intact.
1.7.1 Hoisting Heavy Objects
This topic describes the safety precautions for hoisting heavy objects that you must follow wheninstalling, operating, and maintaining Huawei devices.
WARNING
When heavy objects are being hoisted, do not walk below the cantilever or hoisted objects.
l Only trained and qualified personnel can perform hoisting operations.
l
Before hoisting heavy objects, check that the hoisting tools are complete and in goodcondition.
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l Before hoisting heavy objects, ensure that the hoisting tools are fixed to a secure object or
wall with good weight-bearing capacity.
l Issue orders with short and explicit words to ensure correct operations.
l Ensure that the angle between the two cables is less than or equal to 90 degrees during the
lifting, as shown in Figure 1-1.
Figure 1-1Hoisting heavy objects
1.7.2 Using Ladders
This topic describes safety precautions for using ladders.
Checking Ladders
l Before using a ladder, check whether the ladder is damaged. After checking that the ladder
is in good condition, you can use the ladder.
l Before using a ladder, you should know the maximum weight capacity of the ladder. Avoid
overweighing the ladder.
Placing Ladders
The proper slant angle of the ladder is 75 degrees. You can measure the slant angle of the ladderwith an angle square or your arms, as shown in Figure 1-2. When using a ladder, to prevent the
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ladder from sliding, ensure that the wider feet of the ladder are downward, or take protection
measures for the ladder feet. Ensure that the ladder is placed securely.
Figure 1-2Slanting a ladder
Climbing Up a Ladder
When climbing up a ladder, pay attention to the following points:
l Ensure that the center of gravity of your body does not deviate from the edges of the twolong sides.
l Before operations, ensure that your body is stable to reduce risks.
l Do not climb higher than the fourth rung of the ladder (counted from up to down).
If you want to climb up a roof, ensure that the ladder top is at least one meter higher than the
roof, as shown in Figure 1-3.
Figure 1-3Ladder top being one meter higher than the roof
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1.8 Mechanical Safety
This topic describes safety precautions for drilling holes, handling sharp objects, operating fans,
and carrying heavy objects.
Drilling Holes
WARNING
Do not drill holes on the cabinet without prior permission. Drilling holes without complying
with the requirements affects the electromagnetic shielding performance of the cabinet anddamages the cables inside the cabinet. In addition, if the scraps caused by drilling enter the
cabinet, the printed circuit boards (PCBs) may be short-circuited.
l Before drilling a hole on the cabinet, remove the cables inside the cabinet.
l Wear an eye protector when drilling holes. This is to prevent eyes from being injured by
the splashing metal scraps.
l Wear protection gloves when drilling holes.
l Take measures to prevent the metallic scraps from falling into the cabinet. After the drilling,
clean up the metallic scraps.
Sharp Objects
WARNING
Wear protection gloves when carrying the device. This is to prevent hands from being injured
by the sharp edges of the device.
Fans
l When replacing parts, place the objects such as the parts, screws, and tools properly. This
is to prevent them from falling into the operating fans, which damages the fans or device.
l When replacing the parts near fans, keep your fingers or boards from touching operating
fans before the fans are powered off and stop running. Otherwise, the hands or the boards
are damaged.
Carrying Heavy Objects
Wear protection gloves when carrying heavy objects. This is to prevent hands from being hurt.
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WARNING
l The carrier must be prepared for load bearing before carrying heavy objects. This is to prevent
the carrier from being strained or pressed by the heavy objects.l When you pull a chassis out of the cabinet, pay attention to the unstable or heavy objects on
the cabinet. This is to prevent the heavy objects on the cabinet top from falling down, which
may hurt you.
l Generally, two persons are needed to carry a chassis. It is prohibited that only one person
carries a heavy chassis. When carrying a chassis, the carriers should stretch their backs and
move stably to avoid being strained.
l When moving or lifting a chassis, hold the handles or bottom of the chassis. Do not hold
the handles of the modules installed in the chassis, such as the power modules, fan modules,
and boards.
1.9 Other Precautions
This topic describes safety precautions for removing and inserting boards, binding signal cables,
and routing cables.
Removing and Inserting a Board
CAUTION
When inserting a board, wear an ESD wrist strap or ESD gloves, and handle the board gently to
avoid distorting pins on the backplane.
l Slide the board along the guide rails.
l Do not contact one board with another to avoid short-circuits or damage.
l When holding a board in hand, do not touch the board circuits, components, connectors,
or connection slots of the board to prevent damage caused by ESD of the human body to
the electrostatic-sensitive components.
Binding Signal Cables
CAUTION
Bind the signal cables separately from the high-current or high-voltage cables.
Routing Cables
In the case of extremely low temperature, heavy shock or vibration may damage the plastic skinof the cables. To ensure the construction safety, comply with the following requirements:
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l When installing cables, ensure that the environment temperature is above 0C.
l If the cables are stored in a place where the ambient temperature is below 0C, transfer
them to a place at room temperature and store the cables for more than 24 hours before
installation.
l Handle the cables gently, especially in a low-temperature environment. Do not performany improper operations, for example, pushing the cables down directly from a truck.
High Temperature
WARNING
If the ambient temperature exceeds 55C, the temperature of the front panel surface marked the
flag may exceed 70C. When touching the front panel of the board in such an environment,you must wear the protection gloves.
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2Routine Maintenance ItemsRoutine maintenance operations are performed to detect and rectify hidden faults before the
hidden faults cause damage to equipment and affect services.
Routine Maintenance Items Carried Out on the NMS
Table 2-1Routine maintenance items carried out on the NMS
Maintenance Item RecommendedMaintenance Cycle
Remarks
Checking the NE Status Every day l
If the NE icon is green, the NE operatesproperly.
l If the NE icon is gray, the NE is
unreachable due to DCN faults.
l If the NE icon is in other colors, alarms are
reported or exceptions occur. You need to
troubleshoot in time.
Browsing Current Alarms Every day l Handle the alarms by referring to A.2
Alarms and Handling Procedures.
l For port alarms due to the interconnected
equipment, see 7.2.3 Reversing Alarms
for Portsto reduce the number of alarms
and prevent interference to emergent
alarms.
Browsing History Alarms Every week By finding causes of and solutions to
historical alarms, you can take precautions to
avoid related faults.
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Maintenance Item RecommendedMaintenance Cycle
Remarks
Browsing Abnormal Events Every week l Security events are generally records of
normal operations. Investigate the illegal
operations if there are any.
l Abnormal events about equipment have
been properly solved.
Browsing History
Performance Events
Every week l Gauge type performance events such as
the board temperature and laser power are
stable.
l Bit error type performance events meet
requirements on link availability.
l Historical received signal levels do notexceed the fade margin for a long time.
l When automatic transmit power control
(ATPC) is disabled, historical transmitted
signal levels are allowed to be 3 dB larger
or smaller than the specified value.
Querying History Transmit
Power and Receive Power
Every week
Testing 1+1 protection
Switching
Half a year Applies only to the equipment that is
configured in 1+1 protection mode.
NOTEDuring the 1+1 protection switching, the protected
services are interrupted. Hence, it is recommended
that you perform the 1+1 protection switchingwhen the traffic is light.
Field Maintenance Items for Indoor Equipment
Table 2-2Field maintenance items for indoor equipment
Maintenance Item RecommendedMaintenance Cycle
Remarks
Checking the
telecommunications room
Every two months The site environment meets
equipments operation
requirements.Maintaining the environment
of outdoor cabinets
Half a year
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Field Maintenance Items for Outdoor Equipment
Table 2-3Field maintenance items for outdoor equipment
Maintenance Item RecommendedMaintenanceCycle
Remarks
Checking the appearance of the
OptiX RTN 310a.
Half a year
NOTEPerform a
complete check
after a level-8 or
higher-level
hurricane, an
earthquake, or
otherunexpected
circumstances.
The OptiX RTN 310 is fixedly
mounted and its appearance is in
good condition, without the coating
being damaged or corroded.
Checking the appearance and
azimuth of the antenna.
The antenna is tightly placed and
does not deviate from the designed
angle.
Checking the appearance of the
hybrid coupler.
The hybrid coupler is fixedly
mounted and its appearance is in
good condition, without the coating
being damaged or corroded.
Checking the appearance and
connection of outdoor cables.
Checking the appearance and
connection of the flexible
waveguide.
The shield layer of the power cable
is intact with the connectors being
waterproofed. The feeder clip and
binding strap are tightened.
The connectors of the flexible
waveguide are not damaged and
securely connected. The twist angleof the flexible waveguide is within
the specified range and the clamp is
tightened.
NOTE
a: An area close to a pollution source refers to the area that covers a radius within any of the following
values:
l 3.7 km away from salty waters (such as an ocean and salty water)
l 3 km away from severe pollution sources (such as iron refinery works, and coal mines)
l 2 km away from intermediate pollution sources (such as chemical plants, rubber processing works, and
electroplating workshops)
l 1 km away from light pollution sources (such as food processing works, leather working plants, and
heating boilers).
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3Emergency Maintenance GuideEmergency maintenance operations are performed in the case of emergencies or natural factors
that may result in emergencies during the operation of the equipment.
Definition of Emergency
An emergency refers to an equipment or network incident that arises suddenly and extensively
and may cause significant consequences for network operating and service quality. For
microwave equipment, an emergency refers to service interruption in a large scale.
Purposes of Emergency Maintenance
Emergence maintenance is performed to restore services as soon as possible.
Contingency Plans for Emergency Maintenance
Preparations are necessary for fast service restoration in case of an emergency. The main
contingency measures include:
l Maintaining spare parts inventory (including spare NEs and cables) and synchronizing
spare NEs' software versions with those of the NEs in live networks to ensure fast equipment
replacement in case of an emergency.
l Regularly updating and maintaining network topology diagrams and service configuration
documentation to help fault analysis in case of an emergency.
l Routinely backing up NE databases to allow fast restoration of NE configuration data incase of an emergency.
l Planning standby routes for key services, if possible, to facilitate service restoration in case
of an emergency.
l Performing routine maintenance to keep equipment properly operating and reduce the
possibility of emergencies.
Emergency Maintenance Principles
Preparations are necessary for fast service restoration in case of an emergency. The main
principles include:
l Restore services as soon as possible.
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l Analyze fault symptoms, find causes, and then handle faults. If causes are unknown,
exercise precautions when you perform operations in case the problems become severer.
l If a fault persists, contact Huawei engineers and coordinate with them to handle the fault
promptly.
l Record the operations performed during fault handling and save the original data relatedto the fault.
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4TroubleshootingAbout This Chapter
This chapter describes the general troubleshooting procedure and methods of rectifying common
faults.
4.1 Fault Diagnosis
Accurate fault diagnosis is critical to effective troubleshooting.
4.2 General Troubleshooting Procedure
When handling a fault, make a detailed record of the fault symptoms. To report fault information
or obtain technical support, contact the local Huawei office.
4.3 Troubleshooting Microwave Link Faults
Microwave link faults refer to interruptions or performance deterioration of microwave links.
After microwave link faults occur, an NE reports alarms such as MW_BER_EXC,
MW_BER_SD, MW_FEC_UNCOR, or MW_LOF.
4.4 Troubleshooting Ethernet Service Faults
Ethernet service faults refer to Ethernet service interruptions or deterioration.
4.5 Troubleshooting DCN Faults
A data communication network (DCN) fault prevents the network management system (NMS)
from reaching an NE because of failed or unstable communication between the NMS and the
NE.
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4.1 Fault Diagnosis
Accurate fault diagnosis is critical to effective troubleshooting.
4.1.1 Principles
Faults on transmission equipment generally affect services in a large area. Fault diagnosis aims
to narrow down afault area to find out the fault cause.
Table 4-1lists basic fault diagnosis principles that have been concluded based on characteristics
of transmission equipment.
Table 4-1Fault diagnosis principles
Principle Description
Peripherals and then
transmission equipment
Rule out external faults, for example, cable damage or faults
on power supply equipment or interconnected equipment.
Then check transmission equipment.
Network and then NEs Locate a fault to a microwave site or a microwave link hop.
Links and then services Rectify microwave link faults first because they may cause
alarms on service ports. Then check services.
High-severity alarms and then
low-severity alarms
Handle high-severity alarms first, such as critical alarms and
major alarms, and then low-severity alarms, such as minoralarms and suggestions.
4.1.2 Common Operations
This section describes common operations on the network management system (NMS) for fault
diagnosis.
Table 4-2Common operations for fault diagnosis
Operation
OperationInstruction(U2000)
OperationInstruction (WebLCT) Description
Check and analyze
alarms.
7.1.3 Browsing
Current Alarms
(U2000)
7.1.4 Browsing
Current Alarms
(Web LCT)
Checking and analyzing alarms is the most
direct method for fault diagnosis. After a
fault occurs, check for current and historical
alarms on the suspected faulty equipment.
By comparing the actual fault symptoms
and time with those recorded in the alarms,
you can narrow down the suspected fault
area.
7.1.5 Browsing
History Alarms
(U2000)
7.1.6 Browsing
History Alarms
(Web LCT)
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Operation
OperationInstruction(U2000)
OperationInstruction (WebLCT) Description
Analyze microwave
link performance
events.
Querying Historical Transmit Power and
Receive Power
By analyzing the current and historical
receive and transmit power records of a
microwave link, you can determine the fault
type (line-of-sight problem, fading, or
transceiver fault) to facilitate quick fault
diagnosis.
Querying the SNR Value of a Microwave
Link
Analyze Ethernet
remote network
monitoring
(RMON)
performance
statistics.
Using RMON Use remote network monitoring (RMON)
performance statistics to diagnose faults that
cause Ethernet service performance to
deteriorate. RMON provides grouped
performance statistics based on the number
of received packets/bytes and the number of
transmitted packets/bytes.
By comparing and analyzing traffic and
performance data at key points over
Ethernet service paths, you can identify
bottlenecks and fault points at which
services are improperly configured.
Diagnose Ethernet
services.
7.6.1 E-LAN Service Loopback Detection The Ethernet local area network (E-LAN)
service loop detection function promptly
detects and releases E-LAN service loops.
This prevents broadcast storms, which will
result in network congestion.
7.6.2 Performing
Intelligent Service
Fault Diagnosis for
E-Line Services
- The U2000 provides intelligent fault
diagnosis for end-to-end Ethernet line (E-
Line) services. Operation, administration
and maintenance (OAM) is deployed to
check configuration consistency, traffic,
and packet loss on sites over a specified
path.
Use built-in
diagnosis and test
functions.
7.8 PRBS Test Bit error tests check the transmission
continuity and quality of a service path.
7.10 Scanning Interfering Signals Frequency scanning checks for interferenceon microwave links.
Testing the Latency, Throughput, and
Packet Loss Ratio
Ethernet service performance tests help to
identify service deterioration.
Testing the Long-term Packet Loss Ratio
Perform loopbacks. 7.4.1 Setting Loopbacks for Ethernet
Ports
A loopback is a method of returning signals
to their source at a specified point. If
services are interrupted, loopbacks can be
performed to check whether network
sections are in good conditions to narrow
down fault areas.
7.4.2 Setting Loopback for the IF Board
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4.2 General Troubleshooting Procedure
When handling a fault, make a detailed record of the fault symptoms. To report fault information
or obtain technical support, contact the local Huawei office.
General Troubleshooting Procedure
Figure 4-1General troubleshooting procedure
Start
Record fault symptoms.
Diagnose and handle
the fault.
Is the fault rectified?
Report to Huawei.
Work out a solution
together.
Is the fault rectified?
Write a troubleshooting
report.
End
Rectify external faults.
No
Yes
Yes
No
No
Is the faultcaused by external
factors?
Yes
1
3 4
2
5
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Table 4-3General troubleshooting procedure
CommentNo.
Description
1 Make a true and detailed record of the fault, including the time when the faultoccurred and any operations performed leading up to and after the occurrence.
Collect alarms, performance events, and other important information.
You can perform one-click data collection using the U2000.
2 For OptiX RTN 310, a common external cause is a power supply fault. Handle
the fault yourself by referring to Table 4-4, or contact a power engineer.
3 Determine the fault type according to preliminary analysis on alarms at the
network operations center (NOC). Handle different types of faults as follows:
l If a microwave link is faulty, follow instructions in 4.3 Troubleshooting
Microwave Link Faults.
l If an Ethernet service is faulty, follow instructions in 4.4 TroubleshootingEthernet Service Faults.
l For faults of other types, handle alarms in descending order of severities
according to A.2 Alarms and Handling Procedures.
l If services are running properly but the NE is unreachable to the network
management system (NMS), follow instructions in 4.5 Troubleshooting
DCN Faults.
If the faulty NE cannot be managed at the NOC, follow instructions in Figure
4-2and Table 4-4to handle the fault onsite.
4 To report fault information or obtain technical support, contact the local
Huawei off