Royal GeorgiaRoyal Georgia

Beginnings of a Royal Beginnings of a Royal ColonyColony

Georgia did very well as a royal Georgia did very well as a royal colony.colony.

Georgia added a great deal to the Georgia added a great deal to the British economy. British economy.

They exported rice, indigo, deerskins, They exported rice, indigo, deerskins, lumber, beef, and pork.lumber, beef, and pork.

Beginnings of a Royal Beginnings of a Royal ColonyColony

Georgia officially became a royal colony Georgia officially became a royal colony when the Trustee period ended in 1752. when the Trustee period ended in 1752.

This meant that the Crown of England This meant that the Crown of England oversaw the control of Georgia. oversaw the control of Georgia.

Parliament had to pass a charter in Parliament had to pass a charter in order for Georgia to become an official order for Georgia to become an official royal colony. royal colony.

Beginnings of a Royal Beginnings of a Royal ColonyColony

This process began in 1752, after This process began in 1752, after Parliament dismissed the trustees. Parliament dismissed the trustees.

It took two years for the charter to go It took two years for the charter to go through Parliament.through Parliament.

Georgia did not get its first official Georgia did not get its first official governor until 1754.governor until 1754.

Royal GovernorsRoyal Governors

John Reynolds was Georgia’s first royal John Reynolds was Georgia’s first royal governor. governor.

He governed from 1754 to 1757. He governed from 1754 to 1757. The British Parliament recalled The British Parliament recalled

Reynolds in 1757 and said that he was Reynolds in 1757 and said that he was ineffective. ineffective.

John Reynolds was a former naval John Reynolds was a former naval officer and did not have the political officer and did not have the political skills to govern well. skills to govern well.

Royal GovernorsRoyal Governors

He angered his cabinet and divided the He angered his cabinet and divided the residents of Georgia. residents of Georgia.

He was not good at interacting with Native He was not good at interacting with Native Americans. Americans.

This skill was especially important since This skill was especially important since his tenure began around the beginning of his tenure began around the beginning of the French and Indian War. the French and Indian War.

The French and Indian War was the North The French and Indian War was the North American phase of a war between France American phase of a war between France and Britain to control land in the colonies, and Britain to control land in the colonies, lasting from 1754 to 1763. lasting from 1754 to 1763.

Royal GovernorsRoyal Governors

During this time, many Native During this time, many Native American attacks plagued Georgia American attacks plagued Georgia settlers. settlers.

Many Georgians were unhappy with Many Georgians were unhappy with John Reynolds. John Reynolds.

They wrote to England and asked for They wrote to England and asked for his removal. his removal.

Lord Halifax responded, and appointed Lord Halifax responded, and appointed a new royal governor.a new royal governor.

Royal GovernorsRoyal Governors

Henry Ellis governed Georgia from Henry Ellis governed Georgia from 1757 to 1760. 1757 to 1760.

He built a solid foundation for Georgia. He built a solid foundation for Georgia. He had skills that Reynolds did not. He had skills that Reynolds did not.

He set up a budget and regulated He set up a budget and regulated trade with the Native Americans. trade with the Native Americans.

He also built forts and tried to abolish He also built forts and tried to abolish slavery. slavery.

Royal GovernorsRoyal Governors

Ellis’s most important skill involved Ellis’s most important skill involved his communication with Native his communication with Native American tribes. American tribes.

He held on to the friendship of the He held on to the friendship of the Creek Nation and declared Georgia’s Creek Nation and declared Georgia’s authority to control the Indian trade. authority to control the Indian trade.

By 1760, an ailing Ellis left Georgia By 1760, an ailing Ellis left Georgia and the governor position.and the governor position.

Royal GovernorsRoyal Governors

The next royal governor was James Wright. The next royal governor was James Wright. James Wright was very popular and held James Wright was very popular and held

the governor’s position for sixteen years, the governor’s position for sixteen years, from 1760 to 1776. from 1760 to 1776.

Wright came to Georgia with his Wright came to Georgia with his experience as attorney general of South experience as attorney general of South Carolina. Carolina.

That coupled with the benefit of having That coupled with the benefit of having seasoned Georgians who served in the seasoned Georgians who served in the assembly, helped Wright develop Georgia assembly, helped Wright develop Georgia during his term. during his term.

Royal GovernorsRoyal Governors

The peace settlement of the French The peace settlement of the French and Indian War made much more and Indian War made much more land available for settlement. land available for settlement.

This increased the size of Georgia. This increased the size of Georgia. Georgia now had land all the way Georgia now had land all the way

south to the St. Mary’s River, and all south to the St. Mary’s River, and all the way west to the Mississippi River.the way west to the Mississippi River.

Land GrantsLand Grants

Settlers who came to the colony by way of Settlers who came to the colony by way of the Trust’s charity, were limited to fifty-the Trust’s charity, were limited to fifty-acre land grants. acre land grants.

Those who paid their way could have up to Those who paid their way could have up to 500 acres of land. 500 acres of land.

Those who paid their way were required to Those who paid their way were required to have at least one servant or family have at least one servant or family member for every fifty acres of their grant. member for every fifty acres of their grant.

Land GrantsLand Grants

This rule helped ensure that enough This rule helped ensure that enough men were available to defend the men were available to defend the colony. colony.

At that time, only men could own At that time, only men could own land, but settlers protested. land, but settlers protested.

The men wanted their wives and The men wanted their wives and daughters to be able to inherit their daughters to be able to inherit their land.land.

Life in Colonial GeorgiaLife in Colonial Georgia

Colonial Georgia was a land of Colonial Georgia was a land of farmers. farmers.

Most women worked in the home. Most women worked in the home. They prepared food, cared for They prepared food, cared for

clothing, and planted and clothing, and planted and harvested. harvested.

Children also contributed to the Children also contributed to the growth of the colony. growth of the colony.

Life in Colonial GeorgiaLife in Colonial Georgia

The trustees hoped families would The trustees hoped families would provide both labor and stability for provide both labor and stability for the new colony. the new colony.

People often lived in homes made People often lived in homes made from tabby. from tabby.

Tabby is a mixture of mortar and lime Tabby is a mixture of mortar and lime that was common as a building that was common as a building material through the colonial period material through the colonial period in the coastal Southeast.in the coastal Southeast.

Life in Colonial GeorgiaLife in Colonial Georgia

English, Salzburgers, Germans, English, Salzburgers, Germans, Scots, Irish, and Sephardic Jews were Scots, Irish, and Sephardic Jews were all early settlers of Georgia. all early settlers of Georgia.

When the slavery ban was lifted in When the slavery ban was lifted in 1750, life changed in the colony. 1750, life changed in the colony.

Many plantation owners from South Many plantation owners from South Carolina moved to Georgia to expand Carolina moved to Georgia to expand their slave-based economy. their slave-based economy.

Life in Colonial GeorgiaLife in Colonial Georgia

As a result, tens of thousands of Africans As a result, tens of thousands of Africans were enslaved and brought to Georgia to were enslaved and brought to Georgia to work on rice plantations. work on rice plantations.

The beginning of African slavery changed The beginning of African slavery changed the economy of the region. the economy of the region.

Plantation owners established Plantation owners established socioeconomic structures and socioeconomic structures and relationships that dominated Georgia’s relationships that dominated Georgia’s economy and government.economy and government.

SlaverySlavery

During the beginning of Trustee period, During the beginning of Trustee period, Georgia’s state law prohibited slavery. Georgia’s state law prohibited slavery.

However, wealthy colonists who could However, wealthy colonists who could afford to buy enslaved people, afford to buy enslaved people, demanded to be allowed to bring them demanded to be allowed to bring them to Georgia. to Georgia.

In 1750, the trustees who governed In 1750, the trustees who governed Georgia at the time lifted the ban on Georgia at the time lifted the ban on slavery.slavery.

SlaverySlavery

Between 1750 and 1775, the number Between 1750 and 1775, the number of Africans living in slavery increased of Africans living in slavery increased from 500 to 18,000. from 500 to 18,000.

These Africans had no rights. These Africans had no rights. They were not allowed to marry, or They were not allowed to marry, or

live where they wanted, or even live where they wanted, or even learn to read. learn to read.

SlaverySlavery

They had to work and live in the They had to work and live in the harsh conditions of the Georgia rice harsh conditions of the Georgia rice fields. fields.

Rebellion against slave owners was Rebellion against slave owners was almost impossible. almost impossible.

Punishment included beatings, Punishment included beatings, whippings, separation from friends or whippings, separation from friends or family, and even death.family, and even death.

End of the Royal ColonyEnd of the Royal Colony

In 1776, at the beginning of the In 1776, at the beginning of the American Revolutionary War, American Revolutionary War, Georgia declared its independence Georgia declared its independence from the British Crown along with from the British Crown along with other British colonies.other British colonies.

SummarySummary

Explain the evolution of the Georgia Explain the evolution of the Georgia colony from the end of the trustee colony from the end of the trustee colony to the start of the colony to the start of the Revolutionary War.Revolutionary War.