georgia as a colony
DESCRIPTION
Chapter 5 Section 1. Georgia as a Colony. Georgia. Vocabulary Chapter 5.1. James Edward Oglethorpe Trustee John and Mary Musgrove Tomochichi. Vocabulary. Palisade Scots Highlanders Battle of Bloody Marsh Augusta. Vocabulary. Yamacraw Bluff Treaty of Savannah John Wesley - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Chapter 5Section 1
Georgia
1. James Edward Oglethorpe
2.Trustee
3. John and Mary Musgrove
4.Tomochichi
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5. Palisade
6. Scots Highlanders
7. Battle of Bloody Marsh
8. Augusta
9.Yamacraw Bluff
10.Treaty of Savannah
11.John Wesley
12.George Whitefield
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13.Charter of 1732
14.Salzburgers
15.John Reynolds
16.Commons House of Assembly
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17.Malcontents
18.Buffer colony
19.Royal governor
20.Henry Ellis
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Pgs 81-86Creating a Buffer
Colony
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People were leaving farming, going to cities
Farmers that stayed could not produce enough food for population
Cities were overcrowded Many people were homeless and without
work People who could not pay their debts
(loans) went to prison
8
Charles Town, SC is at risk to attacks by the Spanish in Florida
Land between South Carolina and Florida is “debatable land”
Proposal for a “buffer colony” Fort King George built in 1721 James Oglethorpe proposes a new
colony
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British soldier, member of Parliament (the legislative branch of British government)
Argued for prison reform and spoke against slavery
Upset that many people went to prison simply because they were poor
Called the “worthy poor” Because the worthy poor could not
afford to pay their taxes, they often ended up in debtors’ prisons
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Charitable – relief for debtors and “worthy poor”
Defensive – protection between Florida and Charles Town
Economic – self-supporting colony {cheap resources}
As an act of charity, the trustees paid for debtors to go to Georgia instead of prison.
It addressed: overcrowding, homelessness & unemployment
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1730 Oglethorpe and 20 others became trustees
They drafted a charter Requesting:
“a grant of lands on the southwest of Carolina for settling poor persons of London”
“all land between the Altamaha and Savannah Rivers …”
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Trustee – someone who oversees property on behalf of someone else
King George II signed the charter on June 9, 1732
The colony was named after King George
Before Georgia became a British colony, there was tension between the British and Spanish over the land.
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Non-paying Colonist “Worthy Poor”
Paying Colonist
Free passage Pay their way/trip
50 acres of land 500 acres
Support up to a year {for his family}
Tax-free for 10 years
Although Parliament gave $, most of the $ came from private sources15
Trustees could not own land or hold office in Georgia
Could not make profitThe trustees were not paidDid not set up any type of local
governmentColonists had the same rights as
British citizens
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Expected to pay for itself by supplying England with goods
Poor people were chosen to benefit from a new start
No rum or hard liquor was allowedSlavery was bannedOnly males heirs could inherit land
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•November 17, 1732•115 men, women, and children•February 1, 1733 docked at Charles Town
•list of passengers
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LISTEN
Write a letter!
Choose the organizer that will work best for you, and your ideas.
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21
HEADINGGREETIN
G
BODY-IN PARAGRAPHS
COMPLIMENTARYCLOSING
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Oglethorpe had to make friends with the Yamacraw Indians
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Chief of the Yamacraw IndiansFebruary 12, 1733 he allowed the
Ann’s passengers to landYamacraw Bluff is a few miles inland
from the mouth of the Savannah RiverPlayed an important role in creating
peace between the Europeans and Native Americans in Georgia.
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Oglethorpe and Tomochichi became friends
In 1734, James Oglethorpe brought Tomochichi and his family to England
Tomochichi’s trip proved to be valuable to the Native Americans of Georgia
His efforts led to the creation of a school for his tribe
LISTEN
•Operated a trading post in the Yamacraw village•Married to John Musgrove •She was Oglethorpe’s interpreter•Her father was English her mother was Creek25
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Had no title, but was accepted as the leader of the colony
The Trustees desired a classless society a) Identical houses c) how much land could
be ownedb) Identical lots d) the prohibition of
slavery Worked with Colonel William Bull and surveyor
Noble Jones The design by Robert Castell was used as
pattern for this city
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Oglethorpe met with Creek chiefs After three days of negotiations
The Creek Colonists
To give land To trade at set prices
To return slaves to S.C. Would not move into other areas of Creek land
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The plan for Savannah was to have four squares
On the north and south sides had 20 lots
On the east and west four larger lots were set aside for churches or stores
The center of each square was for social, political, and religious gatherings – called tythings and wards
Each neighborhood, square, ward, and garden lot was of equal size
LISTEN
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The colonists built a palisade around the settlement and forts for protection
The city of Savannah, Georgia, was founded in 1733
It was the thirteenth and last British colony in America
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Each settler was expected to care for His house His 5 acre garden plot (on the edge of town) His 45 farm acres in the country
The colonists cultivated mulberry trees to feed silkworms They also built a sundial for telling time A gristmill for grinding corn into meal A courthouse A water well And a bakery
LISTEN
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•English and Spanish forces fought in St. Simons Island
•650 British, Scot Highlander, and Native Americans VS 2,000 Spanish soldiers
•British victory ended the Spanish claim to Georgia
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Battle of Bloody Marsh site
Read pages 28-34 Answer questions #57-79 on your own
paper Write the heading and the correct
question # and your letter choice of an answer
Example: An Evaluation of the Trustee Period
78. E79. F
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57. A 66. C 75. B58. D 67. D 76. D59. C 68. B 77. B60. B 69. D 78. A61. C 70. A 79. C62. C 71. B63.A 72. D64. A 73. B65. C 74. D
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A secure settlement between Charles Town and Savannah
North of SavannahIn honor of Prince of Wales’
wife
Augusta
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SalzburgersHighland ScotsMalcontentsSpanish threat from Florida
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1736 Oglethorpe recruited 175 Highland
Scots
Settled on the north bank of Altamaha river
Called it New Inverness today is Darien
Only Gaelic speaking settlement in Georgia
The soil was not good for agriculture
They raised cattle and harvested timber
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Black Watch Tartan (plaid fabric) were used by the Scottish troops serving in the British Army.
Targes are round shields between 18″ and 21″
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It is the second oldest planned city in Georgia
McIntosh County
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DARIEN-ScotsHighlanders settledhere
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Group of German Protestants
Expelled from Salzburg in 1731
Salzburg is a city in present-day
Austria
Oglethorpe welcomed them to Georgia
The Salzburgers arrived 1734
Established the town of Ebenezer and
New Ebenezer
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The Salzburgers were successful in
agriculture
raising cattle
lumbering
silk culturing
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Built
1735 the first saw mill in Georgia on Ebenezer
Creek
1737 first orphanage was built at New Ebenezer
1740 the first rice and grist mill in Georgia
1734 organized the first Sunday School
1741 constructed the first Church
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Protestant group from Bohemia today Czech Republic
1735 Came to Georgia as missionaries
Their focus was to convert non-Christians
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Other Protestants did not trust the Moravians
They had many new and different ideas One of them: women could preach and
hold religious offices. Ultimately they were unsuccessful and
eventually dissolved
1736 Oglethorpe introduces new rules▪Upset about the land ownership restrictions▪Restrictions on the use of slavery▪Afraid it would make landowners idle/want more land
▪ The prohibition of rum/alcohol▪It could not be traded with Native Americans-$$$$$$$$ lost
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LAND SLAVES ALCOHOL
Poor soil, esp. for the crops dictated by trustees
Unhappy about farming conditions
Rum was cheap and easy to make and sell
Could not trade for better land
Slaves were needed to work the land
Available in other colonies
Could not sell or lease their land
Crops were labor-intensive
It was a valuable trading item with natives
Women could not inherit land they had worked
Felt the need for slavery for labor
Became hard to enforce (police)
If a man died, land went back to the trustees
Jealous of the South Carolinians where slavery was allowed
Colonists wanted to be allowed to drink and sell like their competition
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Reality – they were not prepared for their new life
Trustees brought experts in silk, indigo, grapes, and wine
The problem climate did not suit the crops they wanted
Later, the Highlanders would also become a group known as the Malcontents.
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Hardships for Colonists in GeorgiaMulberry trees were not producing
enough silkWere unable to grow: flax, indigo, or
grapes for wineSouth Carolinians were doing well,
they were growing rice, cotton, tobacco, and using slaves
…..Colonists in Georgia were divided
Catholics were not welcomedMinisters brought by J. Oglethorpe
John Wesley founded the Methodist movement
Charles Wesley ministered to colonists in Savannah
George Whitefield found the Bethesda Home for Boys 55
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The Spanish were interested in Georgia
1736-Fort Frederica was built for protection-run by Oglethorpe
The War of Jenkins’ Ear broke out in 1739
(see SS textbook page 93-insert)57
1740 Oglethorpe attacked St. Augustine, but was unsuccessful.
1742 Tensions ended with the Battle of Bloody Marsh.
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1743 Oglethorpe was charged with misconduct
Found not guilty, but remained in England
Trustees changed some rules Raised the limit on land ownership 500 to
2,000 acres Allowed women to inherit land willed to them Allowed drinking and sale of rum Made slavery legal - 2 groups disagreed
1752 Trustees returned Georgia to King George II
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Non Sibi Sed Allis -> Latin for “Not for ourselves but for others”
The settlers’ accomplishments included their ability to survive the hardships during the first 20 years
Their survival set the stage for Georgia to become a successful and profitable royal colony
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1754 John Reynolds – first royal governor
January 7, 1755 The First Royal Assembly met
Reorganized the militia
Funded roads and bridges
Created paper bills for credit
Outlined ten crimes punishable by death
Approved the first slave code for Georgia
Was Reynolds a good leader?
Henry Ellis second royal governor – 1758 Read more CRCT p. 36
Divided Georgia into parishes
James Wright third royal governor – 1761 Read more CRCT p. 37
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Use CRCT Prep Book, Text Book, Notes, and Vocabulary to complete this chart:
Trustee Colony to Royal ColonyTrustee Colony Royal Colony
Time Period
Leaders
Governance
Colonist’s role in government
Land Ownership
Slavery and Alcohol
Colonists (groups, origins)
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Trustee Colony to Royal Colony
Trustee Colony Royal Colony
Time Period 1732-1752 Charter is signed-Trustees return colony to King
1752-1776 (Declared independence from Britain)
Leaders Oglethorpe mostly, then Stephens, Parker, Graham: all for Trustees
Reynolds, Ellis, Wright, all Royal governors
Governance Settlers had NO right to vote, hold elections, or collect taxes
Bi-cameral: Commons House of Assembly/Governor’s Council (CRCT 35)
Colonist’s Role in Government
Had regulations, instead of laws to “get around” rule of the king
Court of Conscience to settle disputes, then Governor’s Council
Land Ownership Free passage-50 acresPaid passage-500 acresWomen could not own land
Went from 500 acres to 2,000 acres, women could inherit land willed to them
Slavery and Alcohol Not allowed Allowed
Colonists (Groups, origins) Worthy poor- however Catholics, blacks, liquor dealers, and lawyers were not allowed (CRCT 25)
Protestants, Salzburgers, Highland Scots, Moravians, and Jews settled
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STUDY GUIDE CHAPTER 3 AND 5EXPLORATION OF GEORGIA AND TRUSTEE GEORGIA
ANSWERS1.Charter2.Her navy defeated the Spanish armada (navy)3.The Gulf Stream4.Aviles (St. Augustine)5.Huguenots6.Protestant (Church of England-not Catholic) pg 487.Diminished it through disease brought to them that they had no immunity against8.GOLD9.Conquistadors10.Chicken pox, measles
11.Mercantilism12.France13.Asia14.Hernando de Soto15.Rebirth
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16. Azillia17. Oglethorpe18. King George II19. 1. 50 acres of land
2. Free passage3. Support for him and his family for up to a year
20. There were hard times in England21. A22. John and Mary Musgrove23. Savannah24. Mary Musgrove25. The Creek agreed to give land to colonists and return escaped slaves back to masters
in S. Carolina. The Colonists agreed to trade at set prices and not move into other Creek lands.
26. Scots Highlanders27. Because Spanish Florida was to the south, Oglethorpe felt threatened by Catholics who
may align themselves with Spanish Catholics in Florida28. The soil was poor and unable to grow crops required by the trustees. Women could
not inherit land and colonists could not trade, lease, or sell their land. Crops that did grow were labor intensive and required many hands. They wanted to use slave labor and the Carolinas already were. Rum was also available in other colonies and colonists wanted to be able to sell it. It was also not very enforceable.
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29. John Reynolds30. The trustees were afraid it would make the colonists lazy and listless OR it would make
it too easy to make a profit and they would want MORE land.31. Oglethorpe was at Fort Frederica when the Spanish came to retaliate for his attack on
them at Augustine. They brought 2000 men, he had 650. Oglethorpe’s men hid in the brush and attacked their flanks, eventually wounding their leader. The rear retreated, and Oglethorpe claimed victory, ending the debate about the the claim on Georgia land. It was now England’s.
32. A wooden fence around a settlement used for defensive purposes. 33. Augusta was so called by Oglethorpe, because it was viewed as a way of making inroads
with the Native Americans at that time.34. He was the founder of the Methodist movement35. 1. Economic freedom 2. Religious prosecution 3. Greater opportunities36. A person who sells their labor in exchange for free passage to the New World, usually
with a contract over an extended period of time, in which they learn a trade.37. The Salzburgers from Austria (now)
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38. Religious prosecution39. It improved immensely, because restrictions were relaxed so competition thrived40. Savannah River41. That it was high and dry and had a good view of the water to see incoming
intruders42. 1. Economic-resources for the mother country 2. Charitable- for the colonists who were worthy poor 3. Defensible-as a buffer colony between Spanish FL and British SC