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Partnership for Academic Competition Excellence

NationalScholastics

Championship2004

ROUND

6

University of MarylandCollege Park, MD

2004 PACE National Scholastics Championship—ROUND 6

Related Tossup/Bonus

1. TOSSUP. It was first mapped in 1866 by Doudart de Lagrée and Marie-Joseph-François Garnier. The first dam on the upper part of this river, Manwan, was built in 1993, and over fifty are scheduled to follow. Its source is in the highlands above Yunan Province, and it picks up volume in Cambodia from Tonle Sap before flowing into the South China Sea. For 10 points, name this river which forms an enormous delta in southern Vietnam.ANSWER: Mekong River<Southard>BONUS: Name these Asian cities for ten points each.[10] Eighty-seven Chinese tin-miners arrived at the confluence of the Kelang and Gombak Rivers to establish this city in Malaysia, whose name means “Muddy Confluence.”ANSWER: Kuala Lumpur[10] Located at the mouth of the Naktong River, the name of this port on the southeastern tip of South Korea roughly means Kettle Mountain Harbor.ANSWER: Pusanpo<Chuck>

2. TOSSUP. Sections include “The Seven Arits,” “The Chapter of Making the Transformation Into a Swallow,” “The Judges in Anu,” and the always valuable “Chapter of Not Being Boiled in Fire.” Karl Richard Lepsius gave it the name by which it is currently known, as it is literally titled The Chapters of Coming Forth by Day. First seen in sites dating from around 1450 BCE, it incorporates the Coffin and Pyramid Texts. For 10 points, name this compendium of Egyptian tomb inscriptions.ANSWER: The Book of the Dead [before it is read, accept The Chapters of Coming Forth by Day or The Book of Coming Forth by Day]<Connolly>BONUS: Name these happier works of literature: plays featuring everyone’s favorite type of adoptee, wards, for 10 points each.[10] Bartholo, the town’s doctor, wants to marry his young ward Rosine, but his plots are foiled and she marries Count Almaviva instead, thanks to the title character in this Beaumarchais play.ANSWER: The Barber of Seville [10] In this Moliere play, Arnolphe de la Souche wants to marry his young ward Agnes, but she already has a suitor in Horace.ANSWER: The School for Wives [or L’Ecole des Femmes]<Chuck>

3. TOSSUP. This lepton conjugate was predicted to explain the negative-energy state solutions of the Dirac equation. This particle can create a bound state, its namesake –onium, when combined with its much more plentiful anti-particle, but the components of that system will annihilate each other to produce two or three gamma rays after a few hundred picoseconds. A photon of at least 1.022 MeV [one point zero two two megaelectronvolts], twice the rest energy of this particle, can induce pair production to


create one of these and an electron. For 10 points, identify the positively charged, subatomic particle that is the anti-particle of the electron.ANSWER: positron [or + [beta-plus] or e + [ee-plus]; accept anti-electron or positive electron until “electron” is mentioned; prompt on anti-electron or positive electron after “electron” is mentioned; do not accept “” [beta] or “e” [ee] or “electron”]<Sorice>BONUS: Answer the following about a part of the Earth’s atmosphere, for 10 points each:[10] About 80 km above the surface, this region below the magnetosphere contains two portions: one that causes attenuation of shortwave signals and another that carries strong electric currents.ANSWER: ionosphere [Writer’s note: referring to “D” and “E” regions here][10] This man won the 1947 Nobel Prize in Physics for the discovery of his namesake layer, a dependable reflector of radio waves that is thus useful in communication.ANSWER: Edward Victor Appleton<Potru>

4. TOSSUP. Its final act sees the high priests try the lover of the title character for treason and sentence him to death in the temple of Vulcan, but not before the title character’s rival, Amneris, makes a manipulative marriage proposal that is rejected by Radames. This opera was commissioned by Ishmael Pacha, who intended for it to open on the same day as the Suez Canal. For 10 points, name this Giuseppe Verdi opera about an Ethopian princess who is buried alive.ANSWER: Aida<Frankel>BONUS: Name these one-hit wonders of the opera world for 10 points each.[10] He later wrote Le maschere, L’amico Fritz, and the pro-Fascist Nerone, but he only hit it big with Cavalleria rusticana, often shown on bills with Leoncavallo’s Pagliacci.ANSWER: Pietro Mascagni[10] He achieved contemporary success with Amelia Goes to the Ball and The Medium but is remembered today for Amahl and the Night Visitors.ANSWER: Gian Carlo Menotti<Weiner>

5. TOSSUP. Under the influence of his concubine Marcia, he eased persecution of Christians. He negotiated an unfavorable peace treaty with the Marcomanni, then earned several partial victories over the Germans. Late in his reign, he had the months of the year, the Senate, the army, and a rebuilt part of Rome renamed in his honor. For 10 points, name this Roman emperor who reigned from 180 to 192, a son of Marcus Aurelius who really did pretend to be a gladiator.ANSWER: Marcus Aurelius Commodus Antoninus<Greenstein>BONUS: Name some Roman emperors of the first century CE, for 10 points each.[10] His second wife was the daughter of Augustus, Julia Caesaris, and he went into exile on Rhodes after the marriage blew up. The father of Drusus, he also thwarted Sejanus’s plot in 31 CE.


ANSWER: Tiberius Claudius Nero Caesar[10] With Flavia Domitilla, he sired Titus and Domitian. Ruling from 69 to 79, his reign included the start of construction on the Colosseum.ANSWER: Caesar Vespasianus Augustus [or Titus Flavius Vespasianus]<Wolpert>

6. Autonomic innervation is controlled by neurons synapsing at Auerbach’s plexus and Meissner’s plexus, found between muscle layers in this organ. Folds known as rugae straighten out when this organ is distended. Its greater curvature is four to five times the length of the lesser curvature, and it has more smooth muscle cells in the antrum region compared to the fundus region. For 10 points, name this digestive organ that can hold up for 3 liters of food, where pepsin mixes with hydrochloric acid to further the digestive process.ANSWER: stomach <Chuck>BONUS: Name these men who learned things about Saturn's rings for 10 points each.[10] This man was the first to observe Saturn's rings, but wasn't sure what they were, and described Saturn as having ears. He also discovered the moons Io, Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto.ANSWER: Galileo Galilei[10] This man won a prize for a stability analysis by proving that Saturn's rings must consist of small solid particles. He unified electricity and magnetism in his four namesake equations.ANSWER: James Clerk Maxwell<Teitler>

7. TOSSUP. His origins are uncertain: Ra ond Osiris are both cited as his father, and his mother may be Nephthys, Hesat, or Bastet. His fully human form is seen only in the temple of Ramses II of Abydos. What is certain is his role as chief embalmer. For 10 points, name this mysterious Egyptian deity, often depicted with the head of a jackal, who rules the underworld.ANSWER: Anubis<Bykowski>BONUS: Name the Egyptian gods from clues for 10 points each.[10] This son of Isis is famous for defeating and castrating his uncle Set.ANSWER: Horus[10] This cat-goddess was also later viewed as the goddess of luxury and pleasures.ANSWER: Bastet<Connolly>

8. It begins “In 1902, Father built a house at the crest of the Broadview Avenue hill in New Rochelle, New York.” Henry Ford, J.P. Morgan, and Harry Houdini and other real-life characters appear alongside the protagonist, Coalhouse Walker, Jr. For 10 points, name this E.L. Doctorow novel, which was made into a musical as its title would invite.ANSWER: Ragtime<Connolly>


BONUS: Russian composers naturally draw on the works of Alexander Pushkin for inspiration. For 10 points each—[10] Monsieur Triquet sings French couplets in honor of Tatyana in this Tchaikovsky opera based on an antiheroic verse novel.ANSWER: Yevgeny Onegin [or Eugene Onegin][10] Rimsky-Korsakov wrote an opera based on this work about two famous rival eighteenth-century composers.ANSWER: Motsart i Salieri [or Mozart and Salieri]<A. Ismail>

9. TOSSUP. He announces to the senator that “the beast with two backs” is being created and observes “we cannot all be masters, nor all masters cannot be truly follow’d.” He suspects his plain-spoken wife Emilia is having an affair and thus lusts after Desdemona. For 10 points—name this most villain who is jealous of Michael Cassio’s promotion in Othello.ANSWER: Iago<Duke>BONUS. Name these Gustave Flaubert title characters for 10 points each.[10] She grows bored with her husband, the incompetent country doctor Charles, and has several affairs before killing herself with arsenic.ANSWER: Madame Bovary [or Emma Roualt Bovary][10] She profanes the zaimph, a sacred veil, and is thus killed with Matho in a novel set in ancient Carthage.ANSWER: Salambo<Chuck>

10. TOSSUP. The referendum establishing it was the first time in the country’s history that women voted. Vincent Auriol and René Coty were its only presidents, but the weak, compromise cabinets that Félix Gouin’s constitution encouraged changed rapidly, and it had twenty-two prime ministers in twelve years of existence. The system’s failures became evident during the Algerian crisis, which allowed Charles de Gaulle to return to politics and rewrite the Constitution at will. For 10 points, name this regime in place from 1946 to 1958 in France.ANSWER: Fourth French Republic<Weiner>BONUS: Name these post-de Gaulle presidents of France for 10 points each.[10] The chief negotiator at the summit which resolved the Algerian crisis, he was de Gaulle’s prime minister from 1962 and was elected president upon the latter’s retirement in 1969.ANSWER: Georges Jean Raymond Pompidou[10] Though he lost to Giscard in 1974, this Socialist won the 1981 election to deny Giscard a second term and served until 1995.ANSWER: François Maurice Marie Mitterrand<Weiner>


Category Quiz

Upon getting a tossup correct, the team chooses its one-answer 15-point bonus question from the topic list. Once a topic is chosen, it cannot be selected again.

Categories: ArtsCurrent EventsGeographyHistoryLiteraturePopular CultureReligion/Mythology/PhilosophyMathematics CalculationScienceSocial Sciences

Categories: ArtsCurrent EventsGeographyHistoryLiteraturePopular CultureReligion/Mythology/PhilosophyMathematics CalculationScienceSocial Sciences


Tossups

11. TOSSUP. Speculation surrounds the third event of this name, which involved foreign minister Jan Masaryk in 1948. The first, in 1419, involved the killing of seven council members by a crowd of Hussites. The most famous one, the second, occurred following the election of Ferdinand, duke of Styria, as Holy Roman Emperor. For 10 points, the victims escaped serious injury by landing on a pile of manure in what event at Hradcany castle in 1618 that set off the Thirty Years War?ANSWER: Defenestration of Prague<Greenstein>

12. TOSSUP. The distance between each of the main constituents of this substance is approximately 1.39 Å [one point three nine angstroms] and Pauling explained its low reactivity by use of resonance theory in 1931. This chemical compound may be reduced to cyclohexane through the use of a nickel hydride catalyst and, when substituted with a methyl group, it is known as toluene. For 10 points, name the carcinogen that is simplest aromatic hydrocarbon, a ring molecule with formula C6H6 [cee six aych six].ANSWER: benzene<Sorice>

13. TOSSUP. The iterated version of this problem was examined by Robert Axelrod, who discovered that, when repeated over the long term, selfish strategies tended to hurt the player using them. According to its rules, cooperation between the two players would yield the best net result, but if one player cooperates while the other defects, the player who defects will go free at the expense of his partner. For 10 points, name this theoretical problem that depicts two individuals being interrogated in separate jail cells.ANSWER: prisoner’s dilemma<Frankel>

14. TOSSUP. Perhaps inspiring Fight Club, this title figure is Jack’s dissolute brother, Jack’s guise on trips into town, and Jack’s eventual goal. He is contrasted to Bunbury, who serves a similar purpose and is equally nonexistent. He is engaged to both Cecily Cardew and Gwendolen Fairfax, and eventually both Algernon and Jack discover his value. For 10 points, Oscar Wilde noted the importance of being what pseudonymus adjective?ANSWER: Earnest<Hou>

15. TOSSUP. She became pregnant in an adulterous relationship, and her lover, the king, called her husband home from the war so that the child would appear legitimate. This ploy failed, as her husband refused to stay with her, in comfort, while his men were sleeping in tents. The king then sent her husband, Uriah, to the front lines, where he was killed, so that the king could marry her. For 10 points, name this woman who was seen on her roof by King David.ANSWER: Bathsheeba<Connolly>


16. TOSSUP. He received the nickname “Private 606” for administering arsenic, Paul Ehrlich’s treatment for syphilis. After serving in the Royal Army Medical Corps during World War I, he turned to science, identifying and isolating lysozyme in 1921. This merely foreshadowed his future work, for which he would win the 1945 Nobel Prize in Medicine with Chain and Florey. For 10 points, name this British nobleman who, thanks to some serendipitous mold, discovered the antibiotic effects of penicillin.ANSWER: Sir Alexander Fleming<Potru>

17. TOSSUP. The Venezuelan ambassador to his country, Lino Martinez, denounced him for pursuing the opposite economic course of Venezuelan crackpot Hugo Chavez. Also in 2004, he was dubbed an American lackey by Fidel Castro, leading to a recall of his ambassadors from Cuba, but he spoke against American military unilateralism as host of the 2004 European Union-Latin America summit. For 10 points, name this National Action Party leader who, in 2000, succeeded Ernesto Zedillo as president of Mexico.ANSWER: Vicente Fox Quesada<Weiner>

18. TOSSUP. It was originally written in 1886, for piano duo, string quintet, flute, clarinet, harmonica, and xylophone. However, its composer allowed only its penultimate movement to be performed publicly during his lifetime. Consisting of fourteen movements, it is a set of character sketches, including “Personages with long ears” and “Pianists.” For 10 points, name this Saint-Saëns fantasy that ends with the braying of a donkey.ANSWER: Carnival of the Animals [or Le Carnaval des Animaux]<Ismail>


Boni

ArtsHe worked finished his painting of the martyrdom of St. Symphorien several years after he completed The Apotheosis of Homer. Often contrasted with Eugene Delacroix, he is also remembered for sensuous depictions of nudes, such as Turkish Bath. For 15 points, name this French neoclassicist painter of The Grand Odalisque.ANSWER: Jean-Auguste Dominique Ingres<Frankel>

Current EventsRobert Redford and activist website moveon.org led a public campaign to prevent three anti-immigrant candidates from “hijacking” its board of directors in 2004 elections. For 15 points, identify this conservationist organization founded by John Muir.ANSWER: Sierra Club<A. Ismail>

GeographyDepartments here include Bouches-du-Rhône, Vaucluse, Alpes-de-Haute, and Var. For 15 points, name this region of coastal France in which Marseille can be found.ANSWER: Provence<Yergin>

HistoryIts chapters include “Genesis of the Tenement,” “A Raid on the Stale-Beer Dives,” and “Waifs of the City’s Slums.” For 15 points, name this muckraking book of photos and essays by Jacob Riis which exposed the conditions of the poor in 1880s New York.ANSWER: How the Other Half Lives: Studies Among the Tenements of New York<Weiner>

LiteratureIts author intended it as a satire on the Czech feudal system, but it instead became known for its use of a word coined by the author’s brother. For 15 points, identify this 1921 play by Karel Ćapek [shah peck], noted for coining the word “robot.”ANSWER: R. U. R. [do not accept “Rossum’s Universal Robots”]<Ismail>

Mathematics: Calculation For 15 points, find the derivative of y with respect to x if x2- y2= 2xy [x squared minus y squared equals two x y]. ANSWER: (x-y)/(x+y) [x minus y divided by x plus y]<Feist>


Popular CultureThey enjoyed exposure in multiple media, contributing a cover of “More Today Than Yesterday” to the soundtrack for The Waterboy, hitting the radio with “Here in Your Bedroom,” and appearing in the original Tony Hawk’s Pro Skater with “Superman.” For 15 points, identify this band known for animal rights advocacy and its love of movies.ANSWER: Goldfinger<Weiner>

Religion/Mythology/PhilosophyHis works “Adam in Paradise” and “Quixote’s Meditations” are his dissent from Kant, and he coined the phrase “I am I, and my circumstance” to summarize his view of individual perspective as truth. For 15 points, name this Spanish philosopher who advocated the guiding of society by an intellectual elite in The Revolt of the Masses.ANSWER: José Ortega y Gasset<Weiner>

ScienceThey can be produced via nucleophilic substitution of alkyl halides using hydrogen cyanide, or by the dehydration of amides using phosphorus oxide. Commercially, these compounds are important in thermoplastic resins and acrylic textile fibers. Reducible to carboxylic acids in the presence of acids or bases, these are, for 15 points, what class of nitrogen-containing compounds with a triple bond?ANSWER: nitriles<A. Ismail>

Social SciencesAbraham Maslow’s hierarchy posits the existence of this group of needs as the sixth level in the pyramid. For 15 points, identify this stage, corresponding to the desire for order and symmetry.ANSWER: aesthetic needs<Ismail>


Bonus Round

19. TOSSUP. Floyd’s algorithm can transform a list into one of these in linear time with respect to the number of elements. The namesake sorting algorithm of these structures consists of simply creating one and then removing the elements from it in order, and is in a fast because insertion and removal are both performed in log n [log enn] time. For 10 points, name these data structures that may be rigorously defined as binary trees such that the value of each node is always smaller than that of any of its descendants and which are, therefore, often used to implement priority queues.ANSWER: binary heaps<Sorice>

BONUS: Answer the following about the free silver movement for 10 points per part.[10] This 1878 act rectified the “Crime of 73” by resuming recognition of the silver dollar and requiring at least two million dollars of silver to be coined each month.ANSWER: Bland-Allison Act[10] In 1890, silver coinage was increased by fifty percent under this act, whose repeal in 1893 sparked a growth in populism.ANSWER: Sherman Silver Purchase Act[10] In 1896, his “cross of gold” attack on the opponents of free silver won him the Populist and Democratic nominations for the Presidency.ANSWER: William Jennings Bryan<Weiner>

20. TOSSUP. This one-time guest host of The Sports Reporters and Pardon the Interruption was at the center of controversy after tossing beer onto fans at a Michigan-Minnesota college football game in 2003. Better known as a WNBA announcer and as ESPN’s on-site reporter for Monday night football games, she worked courtside in the 2004 NBA Finals. For 10 points, who will replace Lisa Guerrero as sideline reporter on the upcoming season of Monday Night Football?ANSWER: Michele Tafoya<Greenstein>

BONUS: Some composers are well-known for quirky orchestration choices. Identify the following composers from their wacky instrumentations, for 10 points each.[10] This member of Les Six had the gall to write a concerto for organ accompanied by only strings and timpani, and the Concert champêtre, a concerto for harpsichord accompanied by full orchestra. He also wrote The Breasts of Tiresias.ANSWER: Francis Poulenc[10] He requested specific permission for each instrument he added to his suite Pierrot Lunaire, and he wrote an odd Serenade scored for baritone, two clarinets, guitar, mandolin, and string trio.ANSWER: Arnold Schoenberg[10] This composer, of operas, such as William Tell and Semiramide, asked in his Petite Messe Solenelle for a choir comprising all “three” sexes: men, women, and castrati!ANSWER: Gioacchino Rossini


<Ismail>

21. TOSSUP. In “Genius Child,” he writes of how no one can tame and love a prodigy and therefore wants to kill it. In “Me and the Mule,” he writes that he is proud of the way he is, but in “High to Low,” he condemns those who act like stereotypes. For 10 points, name this author of the Jesse B. Simple stories, a poet of the Harlem Renaissance who wrote “The Weary Blues” and “A Dream Deferred.”ANSWER: Langston Hughes<Connolly>

BONUS: Answer these questions about scientific measurements for ten points each.[10] This term is used to describe the reproducibility of getting the same measurement.ANSWER: precision[10] This word describes how closely a single measurement is to the “correct” value.ANSWER: accuracy[10] This word describes how closely an average of many experiments is to the “correct” value.ANSWER: trueness<Chuck>

22. TOSSUP. On the Third Circuit bench, he was known as “The Fighting Little Judge.” In a 1958 gubernatorial primary loss to John Patterson, he refused the support of the Ku Klux Klan and received the endorsement of the NAACP. After winning the Florida primary in 1972, Arthur Bremer shot him while he was campaigning in Laurel, Maryland, leaving him paralyzed. For 10 points, name this segregationist who ran for president in 1968 on the American Independent Party ticket, the longtime Alabama governor who famously “stood in the schoolhouse doors” to prevent integration of his state’s public schools.ANSWER: George Wallace<Wolpert>

BONUS: Name these characters in Victor Hugo’s The Hunchback of Notre Dame for 10 points each.[10] This deformed bell-ringer is the title character.ANSWER: Quasimodo[10] The passion of the priest Claude Frollo is aroused by this gypsy.ANSWER: Esmerelda[10] Frollo finds out that Esmeralda really loves this captain, so Frollo stabs him and frames Esmeralda for the crime.ANSWER: Captain Phoebus<Chuck>

23. TOSSUP. All of the dialogue for this film was improvised from day to day, and new lines were often whispered to actors during filming. Jean Seberg plays Patricia Franchini, the young American journalist. Its director gained fame with the technique of “jump cuts” during the driving scenes of Jean-Paul Belmondo’s character Michel Poiccard, who is


also known as the car thief Laszlo Kovacs. For 10 points, name this French New Wave film by Jean-Luc Godard.ANSWER: Breathless [or A Bout de Souffle]<Potru>

BONUS: Answer these questions about presidential powers for 10 points each.[10] In this procedure the president can kill a bill by refusing to sign it within the 10 day time limit, but only if Congress has adjourned during that time period.ANSWER: pocket veto[10] This power, granted to the president in 1996 but ruled unconstitutional in 1998, allowed him to omit specific spending requirements from a budget bill without killing the bill in its entirety.ANSWER: line-item veto[10] If both the House and the Senate pass a bill with a majority of this proportion or greater, then a standard presidential veto is overruled.ANSWER: 2/3 (accept equivalents)<Frankel>

24. TOSSUP. Some of his short stories are collected in Constancia and Other Stories for Virgins. He fictionalized the conquista in “All Cats Are Gray.” This author edited his country’s “Review of Literature” until 1958, and his other critical works include “The New Hispano-American Novel” and Don Quixote, or the Critique of Reading, but he is probably best known for his novels, the first of which was 1958’s Where the Air Is Clear. For 10 points, identify the Mexican diplomat and author of Terra Nostra, The Old Gringo, and The Death of Artemio Cruz.ANSWER: Carlos Fuentes<Sorice>

BONUS: Answer the following on methods of averaging two numbers, for the stated number of points.[10What is the arithmetic mean of 1 and 2?ANSWER: 1.5 or 3/2[10] What is the harmonic mean of 1 and 2?ANSWER: 4/3[10What is the geometric mean of 1 and 2?ANSWER: square root of 2<Teitler>

25. TOSSUP. Karl Marx used this theory as an example of the exploitive tendencies of capitalism, claiming that both government reforms and labor unions were hopeless to challenge it. Derived from Thomas Malthus’s theory that population growth would lead to mass impoverishment, it was used to justify its creator’s criticism of the poor laws in Principles of Political Economy and Taxation. For 10 points, David Ricardo developed what questionable law, stating that the lowest laborer wages will always equal what is necessary for the bare minimums of physical subsistence?ANSWER: iron law of wages


<Frankel>

BONUS: Not all French rulers were named Louis or Napoleon or Louis Napoleon. Name some of these others for 10 points each. Regnal name and number will be required.[10] A son of Catherine de Medici, his mother and later Coligny effectively ruled, as this man was crowned at age ten. His 1574 death ended a war-torn reign.ANSWER: Charles IX[10] Assuming power upon the death of Charles IX, this king was at times supported by Henry of Navarre’s Protestants and the Catholics of Henri de Guise.ANSWER: Henri III[10] His reign attracted Leonardo da Vinci to his court during his 1515 to 1547 reign. Skillful alliances with German princes and Sulaiman the Magnificent helped him in his conflicts with Charles V of Spain.ANSWER: François I [or Francis I]<Blay>

26. TOSSUP. It can include the minerals aragonite, which is a less stable form of its primary mineral constituent, and dolomite, which is similar to its primary mineral constituent but contains magnesium instead of calcium. It is the predominant rock in regions with Karst topography, which is characterized by sinkholes and caverns. For 10 points, name this sedimentary rock which can metamorphose to produce marble, composed primarily of the mineral calcite.ANSWER: limestone<Teitler>

BONUS: Identify these mythological pairs for 5 points per answer.[5/5] He’s the son of Priam and Hecuba; she’s the daughter of Calchas. They fall in love, but when she’s traded to the Greeks for Trojan prisoners, she forgets him and falls for Diomedes.ANSWER: Troilus and Cressida[5/5] He’s a remarkable musician; she dies of a snakebite. The gods allow him to go to the underworld to retrieve her provided he doesn’t turn around, but he does and loses her forever.ANSWER: Orpheus and Eurydice[5/5] He’s a young sculptor; she’s his perfect woman in marble. Aphrodite gets ticked off and casts a spell to make him fall in love with the statue forever.ANSWER: Pygmalion and Galatea<Bykowski>

27. TOSSUP. This work, in an exposition and “Application” quotes Psalm 73:18, and it was written to combat the heresy of Jacobus Arminius. In form, it is a homily on the verse Deuteronomy 32:35, “Their foot shall slide in due time.” It borrows from the “pathetical” method of Gilbert Tenant, mentioning Suffield, a town neighboring its intended congregation of Enfield. In one passage, it compares the audience to a spider held over a fire by a figure which “abhors” the helpless being. For 10 points, name this


representative work of the First Great Awakening, a classic “fire and brimstone” sermon by Jonathan Edwards.ANSWER: “Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God”<Sorice>

BONUS: Answer the following about a Czech author for 10 points each.[10] This author of The Trial and The Castle worked in the workmen’s compensation division of the Austro-Hungarian government.ANSWER: Franz Kafka[10] This Kafka story tells of the traveling salesman Gregor Samsa, who one day wakes to find himself altered into a giant bug.ANSWER: “The Metamorphosis” [or “Die Verwandlung”][10] In this picaresque novel, Karl Rossman is exiled to the title country after an embarrassing sexual escapade with his house servant.ANSWER: Amerika<Douglass>

28. TOSSUP. Their destinations included Placerville, Murphys, Angels Camp, and Mokelumne Hills. Among their number were the parents of philosopher Josiah Royce and a man named Stevens who founded the local wine industry. When they suffered a cholera epidemic, Panama City closed its ports and the trails from Missouri to Wyoming became graveyards. Eighty thousand of them came through the port then called Yerba Buena, reacting to James Marshall’s discovery at Sutter’s Mill. For 10 points, what initial wave of Californian gold prospectors took its name from the year of their migration?ANSWER: forty-niners [accept California gold rush participants or similarly generic answers before “year” is read]<Weiner>

BONUS: Name these types of speciation, for 10 points each.[10] This type of speciation describes the differentiation of geographically isolated populations into distinct species.ANSWER: allopatric[10] In contrast to allopatric speciation, this term refers to speciation within a common geographic area through the splitting of populations.ANSWER: sympatric[10] This is a rapid process of reproductive isolation which results from propagation of a chromosomal mutation.ANSWER: quantum<Potru>


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