round 1 - quizbowlpackets.com 08.doc · web viewround 8. related tossup/bonus. 1. its third...

ROUND 8

2006 PACE National Scholastics Championship—ROUND 8

Related Tossup/Bonus

1. Its third soprano soloist is heard only once, near the end of Part II, as Mater Gloriosa. Starting with the eighth-century hymn “Veni, Creator Spiritus” and ending with the “Chorus mysticus” from Goethe’s Faust, its nickname was coined by Emil Gutmann and derided as undignified by its composer, who paused the 1910 premiere for thirty minutes to thank every member of the children’s chorus. For 10 points, name this eighth Gustav Mahler symphony, whose numerical nickname was actually over-modest at that premiere.ANSWER: Symphony of a Thousand [accept Mahler’s Symphony No. 8 in E flat major or equivalents before “eighth” is read]<Ismail>

Bonus: Identify these musical forms, for 10 points each.[10] First used by Lully, where it meant a suite of slow, fast, and slow movements, it now refers to any music used to precede the main action of an opera or oratorio.ANSWER: overture [accept ouverture][10] John Field invented this piano genre, used in Hindemith’s Suite for Piano, Bartók’s Out of Doors, three eponymous works by Debussy, and nineteen by Frédéric Chopin.ANSWER: nocturne [do not accept “notturno”]<Ismail>

2. This chemical is synthesized primarily in the theca cells in women, and one of its effects is stimulation of Sertoli cells. Supplements of this chemical come in injectable cypionate and enanthate forms while Striant is a buccal delivery system. Primarily produced in the Leydig cells, it is aromatized to estradiol. It is notably deficient in Klinefelter’s syndrome, which results in increased breast size and decreased facial hair. For 10 points, name this androgen that stimulates spermatogenesis and is primarily responsible for the characteristics generally associated with masculinity.ANSWER: Testosterone<Kwartler>

Bonus: Name some sources of steroids that are not BALCO, for 10 points each.[10] This endocrine organ’s cortex secretes steroids such as cortisol and aldosterone, the latter of which helps control the blood’s sodium content.ANSWER: adrenal gland[10] The most abundant steroid in mammals, it is a precursor of bile acids that can also be found embedded in the cell membrane, lending stability to the phospholipid bilayer.ANSWER: cholesterol<Wolpert>


3. His The Evidence of Things Not Seen deals with the Atlanta child murders of the early 1980s. As a youth, he spent his free time as a preacher, an experience incorporated into his play The Amen Corner, and he also wrote about the expatriate David, who is denied a job by Guillame. This author of The Fire Next Time and Giovanni’s Room also wrote a novel about John Grimes’s fourteenth birthday in Harlem. For 10 points, name this writer of Go Tell It on the Mountain.ANSWER: James Baldwin<Douglass>

Bonus: Name these Harlem Renaissance writers, for 10 points each.[10] He produced his collection of poetry God’s Trombones and wrote “Lift Every Voice and Sing” in addition to the novel The Autobiography of an Ex-Colored Man.ANSWER: James Weldon Johnson[10] Unlike other Harlem Renaissance writers, he grew up in a white area, bringing that perspective to his poems “The Ballad of the Brown Girl” and “Yet Do I Marvel.”ANSWER: Countée Cullen [or Countée Porter]<Bykowski>

4. It was originally described by Emil Kraepelin and termed “dementia praecox.” It includes a prodromal stage, in which patients are experiencing symptoms that do not yet meet criteria for diagnosis, and a residual stage of low-level symptoms. Negative symptoms of this disorder include affective flattening and a lack of speech or motivation. It is characterized by disordered thoughts, such as repetition of a phrase. For 10 points, name this disorder, types of which include disorganized, catatonic, and paranoid.ANSWER: schizophrenia<Connolly>

Bonus: Name these things related to schizophrenia for 10 points each.[10] These can involve any sense, even smell or taste. The most common ones are visual or auditory, such as when a person “hears voices.”ANSWER: hallucinations[10] One theory states that schizophrenia is caused by abnormal action of this neurotransmitter, a deficit of which causes Parkinson’s disease.ANSWER: dopamine<Connolly>


5. This word is used to describe an 1838 event at Myall Creek in New South Wales and a 1942 event in Bolivia at the site of Catavi involving tin miners. The one at Fort Mims led to the Creek War and the one at Chios was key in the Greek war for independence, and is depicted in a Delacroix painting. For 10 points, name this brutal type of event perpetrated by John Brown at Pottawatomie and against Crispus Attucks and others at Boston.ANSWER: massacres<Westbrook>

Bonus: Answer the following about massacres from American history, for 10 points per part.[10] Lieutenant William Calley was convicted of murder for his role in overseeing the killing of at least twenty two Vietnamese civilians in this village.ANSWER: My Lai[10] Confederate soldiers massacred the African American defenders of this fortification located north of Memphis on April 12, 1864.ANSWER: Fort Pillow<Douglass>

6. In a 2006 Elizabeth Merriweather play, Ypsilanti housewife Jane Gordon is kidnapped and forced to perform this 1890 play with a cast of robots. The title character pretends that Aunt Julia’s bonnet belongs to the servant and demands a new piano, and Mrs. Elvsted rescues an alcoholic who is later wounded in Mademoiselle Diana’s boudoir. After Judge Brack implies that he knows where Eilert Lovberg got a certain pistol, George Tessman’s wife kills herself. For 10 points, identify this Henrik Ibsen play.ANSWER: Hedda Gabler [prompt on partial answer; prompt on Heddatron]<Mitchell>

Bonus: Identify these characters found in Henrik Ibsen’s A Doll House, for 10 points each.[10] Overly concerned with his societal status, he takes great joy in his powerful positions at the bank and at home over his wife Nora.ANSWER: Torvald Helmer [accept Helmer][10] Nora’s childhood friend, she complements Nora in personality and decides to marry Krogstad.ANSWER: Kristine Linde [accept Mrs. Linde]<Bykowski>


7. He ran for mayor of New York on the Nativist ticket and later rebuilt his Poughkeepsie home as an Italian villa named Locust Grove. He studied art in Italy under Washington Allston and became prominent for watercolor portraits of such figures as James Monroe. In another career, he partnered with F.O.J. Smith, Leonard Gale, and Alfred Vail to send the message “What Hath God Wrought!” from Washington to Baltimore in 1844. For 10 points, name this inventor of the telegraph and a namesake code.ANSWER: Samuel Morse<Berdichevsky>

Bonus: Name these eponymous entrepreneurs, for 10 points each.[10] Born Marie Grosholtz, she inherited her uncle Philippe Curtius’s collections, and in 1835, she opened a museum in London for all to see her collection of wax models.ANSWER: Marie “Madame” Tussaud[10] He invented a cantilever wing and a V-shaped tail configuration, founding what was the largest manufacturer of private airplanes when this company was purchased in 1992.ANSWER: Clyde Vernon Cessna<Chuck>

8. He made a notorious for a personal loan he made to the island of Salamis at forty-eight percent interest, though opinion forgave him when he joined the Optimate side during the second civil war. His mother Servilia prodded his career along, and his lack of military experience did not prevent him from holding off Mark Antony for a time at Philippi, where he was compelled to take his life along with Caius Cassius. For 10 points, name this conspirator who was pointedly asked “and you?” after stabbing Julius Caesar.ANSWER: Marcus Junius Brutus<Kendall>

Bonus: Identify these Roman conspirators for 10 points each.[10] This Roman plotted to overthrow the republic in 63 BCE, but he was thwarted by Cicero and defeated and killed in battle by Caius Antonius and Metellus CelerANSWER: Catiline [or Lucius Sergius Catilina][10] A close friend of Tiberius and head of the Praetorian Prefect, he succeeded in banishing Agrippina and a young Nero and made plans to overthrow the emperor.ANSWER: Lucius Aelius Sejanus<Kendall>


9. He is described as dying at the hands of Esau in Genesis 25 while trying to reclaim a garment that had belonged to Adam. That occurred on the same day as the death of Abraham, who is often contrasted with this man. Called “al-Jabbar” in Islam, the Bible describes this man as the first carnivore and says he defeated an army of Japethites to become king and pursue his best-known folly. For 10 points, name this ruler of Sinar and “mighty hunter before the Lord” who built the Tower of Babel.ANSWER: Nimrod<Passner>

Bonus: Given a coat of many colors by his father Jacob, he was sold into slavery by his brothers. For 10 points each:[10] Name this Biblical character who became an adviser to the Pharaoh.ANSWER: Joseph[10] Joseph was thrown into jail after being accused of rape by the wife of this Egyptian official.ANSWER: Potiphar<Mitchell>

10. A form of this law states that the vector potential at a field point is equal to the magnetic constant times the source-space integral of the source current density divided by the distance between source and field points. Taking the curl of this and specifying a line current distribution yields the familiar form dB = μ0/4π I dl × r/r2 [D B equals mu naught over four pi times I D L cross R divided by R squared], which gives the differential magnetic field from a differential element of current. For 10 points, name this law from magnetostatics, the magnetic analog of Coulomb’s law, which is named for its two French discoverers.ANSWER: Biot-Savart law<Sorice>

Bonus: Answer the following concerning nuclear reactors for 10 points each.[10] This term refers to an isotope that can be made to fission by a neutron with no energy. Thermal reactors require fuel of this type.ANSWER: fissile [do not accept “fissionable”][10] This is the only fissile isotope that occurs naturally in any quantity. It naturally comprises 0.72 percent mass of its element.ANSWER: uranium-235 [accept 235 U ]<Sorice>


Tossups

1. One of these occurred in 1906, leading to a Belgian-modeled constitution and elections to the Majlis. A top-down one lasting from 1960 to 1963 is known as the “white” one. Another was encouraged by Ali Shariati, a doctoral student under Frantz Fanon. It proceeded when an article in Ettelaat led to riots in Qum and a cycle of killings ensued until a new government was established under Bani Sadr. For 10 points, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi was overthrown in the most recent example of this event that in 1979 brought Ayatollah Khomeini to power?ANSWER: Iranian revolutions [accept clear equivalents; prompt on Islamic revolution or anything that does not mention Iran]<Rahman>

2. His 4,041 yards and 54 touchdowns in one season at Findlay High School got him a spot in Sports Illustrated’s Faces in the Crowd. He had the highest-ever rating for an NFL rookie quarterback and did not fall into a sophomore slump, making a key tackle on Nick Harper to stop a fumble return in his team’s 2006 AFC Divisional playoff game against Indianapolis. For 10 points, name this second youngest quarterback to play in the Super Bowl, a graduate of Miami of Ohio who wears number 7 for the Pittsburgh Steelers.ANSWER: Ben Roethlisberger<Bykowski>

3. One of this novel’s protagonists is asked to bring a copy of Victor Cherbuliez’s Paule Mere to a party at Mrs. Walker’s estate. The family courier Eugenio tries his best, but Randolph and his older sister continually come off as boorish Americans. Ultimately, the title character strolls around the Coliseum with the rakish Giovanelli, catches malaria, and dies, far away from her upstate New York home. For 10 points, identify this novel narrated by Winterbourne, a story of a pretty young girl by Henry James.ANSWER: Daisy Miller<Berdichevsky>

4. Before Soddy, this man discovered the formula for the radius of a fourth circle inscribed by or circumscribing a set of three mutually tangent circles. Before Euler, he discovered the formula relating the numbers of vertices, edges and faces of polyhedra. The maximum number of positive and negative real roots of a polynomial can be determined using this man’s namesake rule of signs. He also gives his name to a system using the abscissa and ordinate as the axes of a rectangular coordinate system. For 10 points, name this French mathematician and philosopher who founded analytic geometry.ANSWER: René Descartes<Teitler>


5. Along the path to this status are steps of vimala, sudurjaya and pramudita, as laid out in the Dasabhumika-sutra. The ruling triad of the Pure Land sect is composed of these people, who forego the status of pratkaya or arhat. They strive for a synthesis of karuna and prajna, or compassion and wisdom. For 10 points, identify these figures of Mahayana Buddhism, who delay their ascension to Nirvana to help others towards enlightenment.ANSWER: Bodhisattva<Passner>

6. It featured two enormous water towers, one at each end, and Benjamin Hawkins’s life-sized dinosaur models roamed around it. Sir George Grove assisted in its construction, while George Peabody financed the placement of American products within this location. Destroyed by fire in 1936, it was originally erected in Hyde Park, but later moved to Sydenham. For 10 points, former royal gardener Joseph Paxton designed what building made primarily of iron and glass, the centerpiece of the Great Exhibition of 1851?ANSWER: Crystal Palace [prompt on Great Exhibition before it is read]<Berdichevsky>

7. Minor characters include the protagonist’s tutor Wolfgang and friend Benno. Matthew Bourne’s production used an entirely male cast, while many contemporary productions eliminate a portion written specifically for Pierina Legnani, namely the thirty-two fouettes danced by the female villain. That villain schemes with Baron Rothbart to separate the central prince and a denizen of the title location. For 10 points, Odette and Siegfried sink into the water at the end of what ballet by Tchaikovsky?ANSWER: Swan Lake [or Lebedinoe ozero]<Kwartler>

8. These objects exhibit a kappa mechanism associated with opacity changes due to conversion between singly- and doubly-ionized helium. They are analogous to the Population II W Virginis stars, and on a Hertzsprung-Russell diagram, they lie above the RR Lyrae stars in the instability strip. While observing some of these stars in the Magellanic Clouds, Henrietta Leavitt deduced a relationship between their luminosities and periods, allowing them to be used as standard candles for determining distances. For 10 points, name these pulsating variable stars.ANSWER: Cepheid variables<Teitler>


Bonuses

Arts: The man on the right is set apart by red cuffs, a faint halo, and a stream of light. Located in the Contarelli Chapel in San Luigi del Francesi, the foreground shows men counting coins. For 15 points, name this Caravaggio painting about a tax-collecting disciple.ANSWER: The Calling of St. Matthew<Luo>

Current Events: In May 2006, Michel Rollier became its first-ever CEO who is not a direct descendant of its founder, when the prior CEO drowned in a fishing accident. For 15 points, name this French limited partnership which sold nineteen billion dollars in car tires in 2005.ANSWER: Michelin<Weiner>

Geography: Originating at Shlisselburg and receiving the Volkhov, it has a one hundred thousand square mile watershed despite being only forty-six miles long. For 15 points, name this river that flows from Lake Ladoga to the Gulf of Finland by way of St. Petersburg.ANSWER: Neva River<Greenstein>

History: Victoria Woodhull published rumors of a love affair between the wife of Theodore Tilton and this man. For 15 points, name this nineteenth century celebrity, a Congregational preacher and the brother of a best-selling author.ANSWER: Henry Ward Beecher<Berdichevsky>

Literature: It opens with a description of Fra Pandolf’s painting of the recently departed woman of the house. For 15 points, identify this 1842 Robert Browning poem that takes place in Ferrara and discusses the murder of a mistress with a heart “too soon made glad.”ANSWER: “My Last Duchess”<Berdichevsky>

Popular Culture: Reportedly the seventh busiest site in the United States, this site founded by Mark Zuckerburg and Dustin Moskowitz reports having over seven million registrants. For 15 points, name this website where one can see pictures and preferences of classmates.ANSWER: theFacebook.com<Chuck>


Religion/Mythology/Philosophy: Heracles chased the Ceryneian Hind through their lands, and Perseus visited them in order to track the Gorgons. For 15 points, name this people that hosted Apollo during the winter, who lived in perpetual daylight beyond the north wind.ANSWER: Hyperboreans<Weiner>

Mathematics Calculation: The city of Squareville is laid out on a perfectly rectangular grid with no streets missing. A student needs to walk 5 blocks north and 3 blocks east from home to school. Assuming she does not walk further north or east than her goal, for 15 points, how many different routes can she use to get to school?ANSWER: 56<Feist>

Science: An example is chloromethane reacting with hydroxide ion to produce methanol. The lone pair attacks the electrophilic carbon, ejecting the leaving group, usually a halide. For 15 points, name this process of displacement that can be uni- or bimolecular.ANSWER: nucleophilic substitution<Luo>

Social Sciences: Currently used to elect the mayor of Burlington, Vermont, it involves each voter ranking all candidates. The procedure then eliminates the least popular candidates, one by one, until someone has fifty percent of the remaining preferences. For 15 points, name this voting procedure.ANSWER: instant runoff voting<Weiner>


Stretch Round

1. Closely related to the Etruscan Culsans, he kept the Sabines from entering the Forum with jets of boiling water. As first king of Latium, he sheltered Saturn. His wives include one caught with Jupiter by Lara, and another named Camese. He was not seduced by Carna, instead turning her into Cardea, the goddess of doorknobs. The gates of his temple were opened in times of war and closed in times of peace. For 10 points, name this Roman god of beginnings and two-faced namesake of the first month.ANSWER: Janus<Beyer>

Bonus: Identify these Cavalier poets involved in political adventures, for 10 points each.[10] He was imprisoned by Parliament for aiding King Charles I, enabling him to write “To Althea from Prison.”ANSWER: Richard Lovelace[10] He plotted to rescue Thomas Wentworth from the Tower of London. His poems “Why So Pale and Wan?” and “The Constant Lover” appeared after his death.ANSWER: Sir John Suckling[10] This strong Cromwell supporter published pamphlets against Charles II anonymously but took credit for “The Garden” and “To His Coy Mistress.”ANSWER: Andrew Marvell<Bykowski>

2. Though his 1960s activities are still classified, he admits some involvement in the Cuban missile crisis. In the House, he introduced an amendment to change House terms to a four-year period and limit members to three consecutive terms, after he was elected in 1988 to fill Connie Mack’s former seat. He chaired the House Intelligence Committee from 1997 but left Congress in 2004. For 10 points, name this Floridian who filled a position previously held by George Tenet but in May 2006 resigned as CIA director.ANSWER: Porter Goss<Yaphe>

Bonus: Name these things found in Monzy's Computer Science nerd-rap "So Much Drama in the PhD," for 10 points each.[10] Monzy claims to "control his flow better" than this transport protocol, which is often paired with Internet Protocol, or IP, and guarantees that data goes from sender to receiver in order.ANSWER: Transmission Control Protocol [or TCP][10] According to the rap, your mom "services more requests than" this protocol, which has response codes like 200 for when a webpage is successfully requested, and 404 for "webpage not found."ANSWER: Hypertext Transfer Protocol [or HTTP][10] The rapper's "crew is so hard that we roll in" this complexity class. Problems in this class, such as the Traveling Salesman problem, can be checked, but not solved, in polynomial time by a deterministic Turing machine.ANSWER: Non-deterministic Polynomial time [or NP]


<Wolpert>

3. Taught English by “The Fiddler,” he marries a woman named Bell and has a daughter named Kizzy after part of his foot is cut off. The son of Omoro and Binta, he is attacked by toubob while looking for wood to make a drum and taken from the Gambia to Annapolis, where a memorial to him now stands. For 10 points, name this man given the name “Toby” by a slave driver, the protagonist of the first part of Alex Haley’s novel Roots.ANSWER: Kunta Kinte [prompt on Toby before it is read]<Bykowski>

Bonus: Name these places in Indonesia, for 10 points each.[10] The largest island of Indonesia and third largest in the world, it contains Brunei and part of Malaysia.ANSWER: Borneo[10] This is the name given to the Indonesian section of Borneo, separate from Sabah and Sarawak, originally inhabited by indigenous Dayak people.ANSWER: Kalimantan[10] This tropical Indonesian island sits in between Java and Lombok and has its capital at Denpasar.ANSWER: Bali<Westbrook>

4. A thin plate immersed at a contact angle of zero is used to measure this property under the Wilhelmy method. Related directly to pressure and inversely to mean curvature in the Gibbs-Thomson equation, it can also be measured by Jaeger's Method, which centers on bubble pressure. Measured in Newtons per meter, it is caused by a lack of surrounding neighboring molecules that are available to interior molecules. For 10 points, in conjunction with adhesive forces, what process allows capillary action to occur, a phenomenon whose effects are reduced by surfactants?ANSWER: surface tension [or surface tensity]<Frankel>

Bonus: It extends from Port Said to Port Tawfiq, and, according to the 1888 Convention of Constantinople, Britain became the guarantor of its neutrality. For 10 points each:[10] Name this lynchpin of aquatic transportation planned by de Lesseps.ANSWER: Suez Canal[10] This Egyptian President nationalized the Suez Canal in July of 1956.ANSWER: Gamal Abdel Nasser[10] This Earl of Avon became Prime Minister after Churchill’s last resignation and decided to use armed force to intervene at the Suez Canal in October of 1956.ANSWER: Anthony Eden<Berdichevsky>


5. This artist’s autobiographical works include Thinking About Death, My Dress Hangs Here, and Miscarriage in Detroit. In one work by this painter, faces of Gandhi, Marx, and Nefertiti adorn an enormous sun, a baby, and a cross-section of a womb in Moses, Nucleus of Creation. She is depicted with loose hair, with cropped hair, holding a letter to Leon Trotsky, with her parrots, twice with a monkey, with a nurse, and with herself in her many self-portraits. For 10 points, name this surrealist Mexican painter.ANSWER: Magdalena Carmen Frida Kahlo y Calderon de Riviera<Chuck>

Bonus: Name these powerful women of myth, for 10 points each.[10] This queen to King Arthur commits adultery with Lancelot, leading to some chaos and death.ANSWER: Guinevere[10] Born from the left eye of Izanagi, who birthed her brother Tsukiyomi from his right eye, she is the Shinto sun goddess.ANSWER: Amaterasu[10] This Norse goddess, the daughter of Skadi and Njord, lives in the hall Sessrumnir, owns the magic Necklace of the Brisings, and loves falcons and cats.ANSWER: Freya<Westbrook>

6. Cells in these organisms contain special vesicles known as physodes [FY-so-deez]. They include the order Desmarestia, which dominates subtidal zones of the Antarctic region, the Ectocarpales, which contain heterotrichous thalli, and the Fucales, which reproduces in a manner similar to that of land plants. Another species is anchored by holdfasts and can grow to 100 meters. Also known as Phaeophyceae [fay-oh-FY-see-eh], they gain their color from the presence of fucoxanthin. For 10 points, name this class of algae that forms underwater forests, including the Laminariales, or kelp.ANSWER: brown algae [accept Phaeophyceae before mentioned]<Wolpert>

Bonus: Name these individuals who courted controversy regarding the Iraq war, for 10 points each.[10] This founder of Gold Star Families for Peace received attention for a vigil outside George W. Bush’s ranch and being expelled from the State of the Union address.ANSWER: Cindy Sheehan[10] This former Marine and current Pennsylvania congressman stated that the American presence in Iraq is a “catalyst for violence” and called for the redeployment of troops.ANSWER: John P. “Jack” Murtha[10] This Ohio congresswoman responded to Murtha’s suggestion by noting that “cowards cut and run, Marines never do” and was promptly shouted down.ANSWER: Jean Schmidt<Southard>


7. Victory over this was aided by the ship Helga, which shelled the Customs House. Another important event was the capture of a consul returning from Germany, Roger Casement. Tom Clarke and Joseph Plunkett were among its leaders, but its inability to control the Castle and Trinity College doomed it, and, after reading the Proclamation of the Republic outside the General Post Office, Patrick Pearse surrendered. For 10 points, name this April 1916 rising against the British in Ireland that occurred on a holiday.ANSWER: Easter Rebellion [accept equivalents for “rebellion”]<Berdichevsky>

Bonus: Identify these things from Chinese literature for 10 points each.[10] It is a historical novel, whose high point may be General Cao Cao’s defeat at the Battle of Red Cliffs. This fourteenth century work is attributed to Luo Ghuanzhong.ANSWER: Romance of the Three Kingdoms[10] This modern author’s work includes Fugitives, Bus Stop, and a book inspired by his ten month journey along the Yangtze, Soul Mountain.ANSWER: Gao Xingjian[10] This Tang dynasty poet wrote “Ballad of the Ancient Cypress” and “Facing Snow” and used more cynical and Confucian subject matter than his contemporary Li Po.ANSWER: Du Fu [or Tu Fu; or Du Gongbu; or Du Shaoling; or Zimei]<Berdichevsky>

8. This dormant stratovolcano’s most recent major eruption occurred in 1781 and 1782, ten years before a member of George Vancouver’s expedition named it for a British admiral. Its slopes contain twelve glaciers, including the Palmer Glacier, and it is only sixty miles east of its state’s major population center, making it the second most visited summit in the world after Mount Fuji. For 10 points, name this fourth highest peak in the Cascades and highest point in the state of Oregon.ANSWER: Mount Hood<Greenstein>

Bonus: Answer the following questions related to chemical equilibrium for 10 points each.[10] This principle says that a stress applied to a system in equilibrium will cause a change that will drive the system back toward equilibrium.ANSWER: Le Chatelier's Principle[10] This quantity, symbolized Q, is similar to the equilibrium constant but uses instantaneous values rather than equilibrium ones. It is useful for evaluating in which direction a reaction will proceed.ANSWER: reaction quotient[10] This law gives the general rules for writing expressions for equilibrium constants, including using partial pressures for gas, concentrations for solutes, one for solids, and raising these to the power of their coefficient.ANSWER: law of mass action<Keller>


9. The original negotiation order for it was similar to that offered by Alexander MacKenzie in Cuba almost two years earlier, and a motion to add the Wilmot Proviso to it was defeated in the Senate. The U.S. agreed to pay fifteen million dollars and assume adjusted claims of involved citizens. Interim president Pedro Maria Anaya negotiated it with Nicolas Trist. For 10 points, the U.S. was ceded all land north of the Gila, Colorado, and Rio Grande Rivers in this treaty that formally ended the Mexican-American War.ANSWER: Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo<Mitchell>

Bonus: Identify these contributors to the development of photography for 10 points each.[10] This husband of Georgia O’Keefe founded Pictoralist photography in 1902, and his 291 Fifth Avenue studio displayed works by Picasso, Rodin, and Matisse.ANSWER: Alfred Stieglitz[10] In 1877, his series of photos of Leland Stanford’s horse settled a bet over whether a horse’s four hooves are ever off the ground simultaneously.ANSWER: Eduard Muybridge[10] Using the new flashbulb, this Denmark-born photo-reporter documented the tenements of New York City’s Lower East Side in 1890’s How the Other Half Lives.ANSWER: Jacob August Riis<Chuck>

10. He celebrates “the love of Man and in praise of God” in the poem “In Country Heaven,” while another poem conceives of his uncle’s farm as “Adam and maiden.” This author of the collections Eighteen Poems and Deaths and Entrances also wrote a radio play, Under Milk Wood, and the nostalgic “A Child’s Christmas in Wales.” For 10 points, name this Welsh poet of “Fern Hill” and “Do Not Go Gentle into That Good Night.”ANSWER: Dylan Marlais Thomas<Mitchell>

Bonus: He and his brother Nicolo moved away from the Venetian quarter of Constantinople to Soldai on the north rim of the Black Sea. For 10 points each:[10] Name this Venetian explorer who eventually made his way to Uzbekistan and ultimately to the court of the Great Khan’s eastern capital at Kaifeng.ANSWER: Marco Polo[10] One of the prominent sites that Marco Polo discusses in his Travels is this structure which was built to connect five river systems. It starts in Beijing and ends in Hangzhou.ANSWER: Grand Canal [or Da Yunhe][10] Polo had a chance to write his Travels after he returned to Venice and was captured and imprisoned by this neighboring city state and rival port in 1296.ANSWER: Genoa<Berdichevsky>


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