rosalind krauss, the optical unconscious

7/27/2019 Rosalind Krauss, The Optical Unconscious

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BE kAnee Micheln, Rosaind Krau, Yv-Aai o Bjmn B H FostrDen Hr ad John Rajm tr

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he li etesi o wr en over dede o, on Gieconeio to primiivm" s a ws e rethh y the rrd mn ad o suris phrpy i owes mo e ig r pros Willim i ie ie t the alo Pmm n Twn

Cnry A nd Jane ivto wo ad he viio nd e periteo rao reerch on ali poorpy io n exhiitio th o llre with me o o j Amu F: Py Srlm. he isses enerated y hose w ps seeed derr ivsii nd I e emared o the rn wrk

I ths I he een ided y e may peole ost parlrly at T Gradae Cener y Unierity New Yor wh lseedi aerl s I ried it ot in lee rm I a al oversty Soh Cliori Ge ei whih gv i o pr e e e a rieeiingad He i he wriin e k ws rhr rv

CNY Rsah Feowship. he enement an adve ren d las who red he nip hve ee eraorily iptt t m I wan h em here l ay wil ee how ten I have ly hld o aain thei oel: Brsni vea i ne Boya Bnji Rbe Cd e Di Tei WnDmish Gere idiHerse i l n Hd Deis olier, Min Mly Nesi on n Mari owell Jli rand, Ma tH Wri nd o Roe ov y edor a he MI ehns ere are oly toe o wh I owe o his sr my wo



The optcl as ping fom te ad sey m e ey.

A h abo Jhn R, it hi o b h t h ov hi obit il a i

t? Dpi o o h o th ligh glg a h o aat th rl o t loboa o t i th hop oit H t inft tst f thw T eto abot hi pyg, an wht pttn I o io or aa t xai my h o

hi hi hil ola o o hi alt hi gat aaai atttio o a itt tha Maii all

Eo" Th i o o Ri ot. H a A oio i hi a a I am aqai

o I am my ily dipe or."

O o it a oh o at i. T mos aalyi mo i ot ko o o am oh agm aaly m i Eo o Me Paiter, a ok o



ko a one of he woroanized boo k ve o ean e name oflteaue. Plx, lesly gsi ma of decpo oe a

i of no inncluiens, olum fe ole ood of naconio

Y he' il he of h cld w ysl py an hisonig sal hk of qin o h aden pa ks

nd s akbo s a a wang lon cack bwnhe paig on an all minazed aciy ino pes lna

oan as laon o ae and widwal fo

ppoe H boy connon o te ea ju on mo p o

a w cold oly cal modens ocon of a

Ln o ayg "B fo yhg a me, my paen ely wcing h aI wa no aowed o ow fa s o l no

o wlk nea bo aloe o a I lnd nong of ppg onyng l wo lann b p fo o hos y day simply n nd wonn a e aa ocpon wch n fad

ll I was oy Wene cod ge o a bch wa enoug o e

e h wa o loo a, an h and p ad fo Ad of

o do no ot o aue u nong sl nongnenal in look fo ig awy dd I n ook o naual

o of el o mp o weeds, o jell

I poible min omon askng hk of Rk-who cold

nee pdc ou bou a ha w o sm soin me nies s modm? who hld a sanc png w d ba s aks co no been vemoa; who d ne sop bad ad pachn ad hning abonuo

e fo al h uskin no ke i ye fom e ea Ad i fncon

fo im n a ay i doe fo Mone n Impression: Sun oCoad n L jim. T a pl knd of dum fo oensbs of fc oao den fo oil i ne ofslnlou ad abo all i openng ono ial plnd

soow ghnd ad pe bo e pn nd a samene

aenn no o o e -se of noy on eopial a d lm W Jon wachng a

nd en hee e ome wh kn fo ad ig fo

poai "Han, e y b adly pd f I w oblommy foed ab of e was ely pleg o e od pae fo I

n

"So he hi he bal ght ou f pa. That's w Frank thnks e

genus



On he st of h raiaza png und e law cr

(p. 11)

n

sat coenedly oonless on he holes i his cape o wahnim squeeze is ain o of s baddersa beaiful opeaion ideedo y way of thininbt I do no reeber ang any ner in Noroe's aplaon of he ige to the avas The obligatorycommen abo he sare's detachen fom he ed of urpose is hereof corse; but added o it is the a efe tou whee he whoe thgoes fl ile an the otinlss sien dsebodied subject of hesae beome s eqally disncarnated obje ecoes, hat is hiself aage: My quieude was so pleasig to the old man tha he beged my

faher and moer o et me sit to him fo the fae o a hld which e wasainig i a lassica suje; where I was acodgly eesented asreclining on a leoard skn, and hang a ho ake out of my foot by awld ma o the woo

So ee s his litle boy, o toys eate if he s o is "oubesome,no swees of any kd o een sof whe eadtogh hs fate is ne shery tade ad is quie eatn aou ates of aehis eeryoeen escted es h hapen to islf s days a uiringcycle eadig scpue o one end o the ohe ad o meoiinghe verses set fo hi by hs ote. And s one ease the fayleasue he eqisite lxuy of tave. ama and Papa in th beafuyed oach wh lile John n he dickey and Salvador idng ouierais, Brssels he Bak Foes he Bay of Ui, the Bernadie ass LakeComo, Mila Is he ouie of course who books ms in e innsarranes fo te fes eams of horses ordes he eals, and brgains overe fees or eyond a satern of French e Rusks are srily imtedo Engish

Tavel i s hs ot a reeas fom u a uuiang o he same a t srea s he medm of ohn Ruskn's daily fe And h gloes in i llghei style of passng throuh foregn ands a ode of conepatveabsracton from he wod aurally he has nohig b praise for headatage f this abstratio "Thee s somehing eulaly delighfuay deigtl onvay by he moder German-pated and Frnhpolshed tous in passg hogh the steets of foeg ci witotudesading a wod aybody says! Ones e ar fo all sond of oices

he eomes etiely patial; oe is no dierted by e meang ofsyllaes rom recogii he absole guttual lqd o hoeyed quatyof te: hie he gesture o the body and the epesion o the ace havee same vae o yo hat they ae i a anomme; eey sene becomes

a meodious opera o you o a iuresquey naate nh



I tik o Brm m e ilen t one w ty tvenghou a fon c ses o b oltion on on buy don' ndsnd od o t ne. ts ike Rss usn eod sp nosc m o t ti e nfodn of e

ma fo m metpo o n o t ods sexcp s de-te d n ony s t scen s pns ndcos ns T c cnnum ts spnd te senseso f c n s o ico fo ac sns s n m Aec e is dpndn, stndi: nomy i pc

Hes o pssa nds, "I don s soton smoious peop n n sod kno no nue bt to Y mk non s es ns We dd not t denus no o compny b o s t o ys nd en i mwn nd e ns n i I e b es dceied e tose I n as te ScttO

En n I n t objon no ony eis b y on U s s nd ood; sns unt is ns o somne o no a ci o podcn s, stbisn inis w n uoous d o t suctiz indd by os qas no c optc ses ops nuy e nnym on o n t us ned o ote A

d is bo cninuousy disib no smer nd sme pm d m eait mpossib m of ey si f n eFoneb aspesd t t sm m sud ino p Moden Paintes ss ot to po te soit o scp pnn e ote bcus is d s ps is doman of t puy suBu stickn pons t n?s is no us t nes d o onmtio rou s aspin o ei coenc s Its God t ns bst epte e Fo usninsis t t coen s mnfesion o His nd t eot is to b d fom ed of e is is c

I emember readng Mhaels lt senten-esetnss gacwtha diying see f dsbele It seemed to shake eehng hough 'ddertod he healthy Enightementlke c1tempt fr pety the fathinsead in the nelects cming nto an eer pue selfpossessn the oththat mdernsm had sw wth ratnalm. And to show that ha nalsentence was no accdent Michael ed had pepaed f fm the rswh the passage ab Jonahan dwadss fih that each mmt paesus beore the world as thouh the er pesece f God in the act f

aing t It didn seem o me hat anything abot ths uld be squedwth the robsness of most f Mhaels ealer tak abut mdmLke the tme we wee speakng abut rnk Sa and Mhael asked me,D you knw who Fank thnks s the greatest ing Amer�? Ofcourse did't "Ted Wlam. d Mchael overed m silene wth hsown ee Ted Wiams sees te than an) the lig hum n He sesso fast hat when th bal cmes ove the plate90 mies an hu-he nsee the sttches So he hts the ba ght ut of the pak hat's why ankthnks hes a genus This was y Uay, of urse f 1ducting me onto

the team Mihaels eam rank's team reenbegs eam majo playesn the 6s foulatn f modernsm

o see s fast that the blur f that whte mdge ould be expoded nopue contact pure smltaneity pre ptcal patte: is touch wths w esuces And fast, so t In that speed was gahered the deaf an abtaced and heghtened visality, one n whh the eye and itsobjet made cotact wth such amazng rapdy that nethe e seemedany lnger o be atahed o its meely cl supp-neithe to the bdyof the hie n t the pheral sbstate of the ball Vo had as itwere been pared away to a dale of pre instantane, nt a abstactcndtin wih n before and no aer. Bt n tha vey moiess explosnof pue presentnes wa contaned as wel isons onneton t ts obetsals epesented hee n abstract fom a mmet f pue relee,

of pure transparny f pue selfknowledge In Mhael's hiy was allhis admiratin r Fra or the dazlin apes ranks metaphocause o ure the mage f Wlliamss heghtened isn cnjed thoseey aspiatns twad what Clement Greenbeg had at ust abt hsame tme, outlned a modest pang selfrical dmesn tspacipaon n a mdeit ultures ambiton that each f ts dsplnesbe aonaed by being gouded n i ique and separate dman fexperence ths t e acheed by sing the haracteistc method f thatdsp line boh o naow and "to tench it me mly n its area of

mpetene. or paining ths meant uncveg ad dpayng the condio of son tsel as these were ndetod abractly. he heghtened sensity f the pue plne n longe pemit slptallluso tmpeloel» he wte but it des and st pemt ptal

Th r mk mde a surfae dtrs ts vial aess andthe cnguans of a Monda st suest a knd f uson of a kindf thrd dimeon nly now t s a sctly pcoral sitly optical thirddmenso e nto whh one cn look can avel though only withthe eye.

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org Lkas, dploing his echlot f h body his d o bsr n d ify h o f h snss in ubmsio of hum bectiviyo h model of osiivi sine wod h fond nohin o u wihin uh lys H wld only he objd o is one o is sumpion whih Gnb shd wih Ado h i his wihdwlof h disipln io h sphee of sey xpie niqu o i hws somehi posiie somhing uoin Fo uon modrismws insisng h hi n s ewly udesd dis slf-suin s oomshis y iiopmid

pi of s nd high gond omed y heinsuliy f h wold of lbor d of sin prsr f ply d hus modl of dm Pehps h ls fo boh of s hmom i h '60s i h de of hhul mbiios bin llgozd hough bsb pl4y ws jus hi insn on h sriosssof hs ry sns of pl y

B from h seuiy of he bsb ly o he mhysis of lp ded lp h prms h puli f of folding ll ofopi modensm ino h ms of h wrir of Seam and Leshowin h h viul spd h ods h diid loo is n n hl bu nglil Chisins o ds I podued shuddlie linin ippin op so h h idoloil ss shwd hoh

So t' a Conad a ea fo amp n Typhoon te tom garng:

At i etng te sun ad a dmnhd ametr and anxprng bwn, rayl go a f n o cntueang n onng a but n t nd dene ank o o bam vib t nortad; t ner dark i tnt and a or and otonupn th a mbng a od obtac n t pa f thp. Sh nt fonrng oard t an xauteatr rn to t dat T ar-ff bacne aheaf a anotr ngt n trogh t aryngt of t artt tare nght of mmneond t rtd nr v n t appang

ne trog a o r n gng r of ath erne

wo ns hnl ld n l b h p U j ( 12)



d O

to he plus n mnu f nt t 1n t

cgnn .

When hes escribng the mpressionsm of onrads sl of nrad'peeling sense at away rom he worl an shong thm to preimage Freric Jameson i led o quoe ha asag "At is most intenseh sas what w will cal Coad's snsoum italy remaes it ojct rfracing hm ogh h oalizd mm of sigle see nmor than ha, of a sinl Lighg or oloration of a sens. Thossiili of hi ind o eno absacon i to e sure a r v h objct-h unarthlis o th seabu th rers pon haobjct to remke t anw a something nve reame o heaven or eh

Bu would drad anew! wnt o ineec-b Mondran. Thaothr, limtls ace eyon een he waves an he srs h oa sillnof th spce nd ts stnning tnspareny wo u be h lg of retuig inside ot in the Pu and Min pctres in Holand d h rgfor abstraction tha wol ear thee woul be a ssion o ma thobject haig everythig aout it in h lns of h ocal coninuum,all of xprience conense no a sigle lminous a

Or Raher A single ooes ra

If Monrian egn wih dionism wh ha osivs notion of mknghe pre a mosac of color ssonach ot the make of a poino lgh reece of he d of oec-o that th pining ecame rcraion of he urfac of h wold onl cae i was rs n oremosh rcosrion o he fa of h h sate of from lae nhny otal or i ntry ino modem too place on hsit of th raionaliion of aiting around the aw of color theor anhysioloca optic, at the pont where compositon nd pitoal harmonywere at la to b emystie by sciene and to n their grouning in aset o abstract theoem-eorems th oe the name of grea physoogsts and hyicis like Fechner Yong elmol Hing. Simulanoscoras nerve tsue rposetme he two pas-h o rnalel an hat o he picur-were unesoo now o isomohi wihoe anohe he law of he rs genratig boh he lo an h haoniof h ordr f the ecod; and boh of he lds-h inl an thictol-uusionaby organe as a

h inngs wold pdo sf th or mosc n absra it o s fuhr h oo mosai fteral, stil resuposes the emirial el ou thr as its snsory simulusif h mosaic asracs th word into h "pu rlationshis of ptics,



i i nontes mpirialy foundd in the natualis of colr and-matr ow ny gained th inbypnt stiatin arceig y. Lk Sua at Honfle, Mndrian wod tart is Pus and Mnus from an xpans of sa and y wo mn hrizona edren y y th precti a a etty B h wuld ot tasodthe pal mments f thi astss into pi lor He wod imanoptical aw a somthig that i itelf submied to a de digitalid byt ighr ordrs f e ntle tanslated it te pu and minu s f aomn not of nsation bu cognition te mnt, that i f pre

relatinsp. i d wold s e suctud by th ignals-bac nwhite-ths igns fo pl and mns the frage f an abstat gidthat wud intend t trow its nt o e whol e o t xtea word iorder i into nssn hink i

Th whl f t rnal wld hat I can agi t oial hitriansaying, i a bi o an aggration It' a and sk, o dnes sea, ad ythat av ben gmn ted of fro the rst of th wld ro rytigpiial or enm r hitor and tmsls made int an araction tat wrld n 6 afer all, Great War was ng ugt nt tooa away fr that very ea and s

nd ty wld e rigt, f cors. Th sea ad ky are a way f packagingth wrd" as totd iag as a piur of pltes a a ed

constiutd by t gic of its ow frae ut is ra a am fexcusin ad is ed s t wrk of delogial couction

You modeis, hey wld ninue not only all ff art frm eeything l in hisrial ld u even wiin lor it ines tht aritrary f elctis. t h to inlde thi and hi bt hatad that d s y tng it das with a thselv mitd he tt f ts conceps u modrnism they would ay t, saying tatwhat wd hy b sayig? hey wod b sayig ht modnsnames an dlog a dicrsie eld wh occpants bid tat aoud stand alon-autnmou, slfjustiying. ccupants consisting notony atists bu ideoogus a wl therit ci wres hitoias Hioian not just cotpoay with th arti in he d but toehstran who en tday ntin to tl o moderni atonmy

thiking they can backt it off fr e world m its ntt frth eal

Ad I a ayng nthg dien y" mdrm i ue anothnae fo a disursiv d tat lik ny oher sh d i tturd T

t cpt at grids t urface no nly rgani he fa wit iu dtrmin wat, y their ligh wi vn cun t as fats us in bngth a a hioica prd it not oy point t th ri nthat wi gu ihin that priododnit artit, mdrnit"wors o artu to the undertanding of th prattie as theypartipatd those vens as thy mad their choics reatin to ooncepts and ot tes I is n bcause a ld s strcted that foeaple t can atacked by s fllow oppone As when dada say: No me ubim It i nong b cmmrcial speclain!"

nd how do w udtand that atac s it cong rom utid ed? Or o whin?

It srck me on dy h i w mor nrsng o thnk of mdesm as grph or ta hn s hso (he hs tht gos om mpessnsm to neompressonsm o fvsm o usm to strton ; thehr of n er mor asrt nd bstrng optt), ht here wsmehng o gnd from xplrng s g as opoph rathrthan fowng h thrd f as a na Wtho speng her fwh a d o m as a he adntaes of s gph w smpskeh t now

ar wth qur n s uppr rgh onr I wr ge nd n ts

upper eft wte ground. wan th qre to reprsent a uns assm of hnng n s enr, ssem h w h raked nd nted frm a ndmna pr f oppsns Ths f O�rse

h nr f vs prptn the n h mppd y dsnnween gre nd gnd s ht t nmgae w oud saywhu the pst f h dtnn. h Gsa phgss haod tht: f n gurdtahed-mgrund hn no son

B he uners I m mappng s not just a nar sn o t rfo d sr And t og s h h generatng ppsnn hd std or he wh srfe f the graph ndng hr wo oers o do ths ned on er the Lg f th douegte h mme of he sr w thn e manned as he rdt of forar mrro nrson d wrte the nre of he

doe negveof how gu an n h unerse whre ngr s the s as ground) s as as wrten as otground; andhow ntnot-gron n fwng h se g prssd as notur u ' h e re nd aes o show t



grond fue

X

J

nt fiu

nd what we then see is the cmpleeness of the symmetry. Figre verugod And o-e veu -groud Bu as gre verus e and od veru o-d So that evey side of the graphmanis the same oppoition-nly rewiten. l arund the square wend he sam thn stated over and ove vrus roudxcp

not tatd exactly the am way Its n the notexactlythesamewa thatthe quare' beauy ie.

The graph i of ourse, a Klein Grup o Lvitaus f Geima fothe strucualt generaly the nteest of the lein Goup wa preselyn th quait f rewiing so that what miht seem the andom detai ofula praies the wildy varied agregates f episdes that maedieent verio of the ame myth to baey eogniable anglesemere a a set f deed transfomatn the logical etatements of asne geneatng pa of oppositins What the ewin made lea to

them that fo every soa absoutemarrage yes nces no-thee sits me xble shadow orelate: the id of maybe, maybe of the o axi f the way n the tra ystem the absolu of red for o and ee fo o are endeed into maybe by the poibilit opeed b yewThe tuturalsts a the top a f /o the "compe axis, usng thetem "neuta axis for the ybes

ir vesus grod, the. The fundamntas f perptin. The pposto wthout whh o vsion at all: vision urin peisely in thedimesn of dfferene, f separation of bonded obe emeig aapat from n ontrast t, the ambiae o ound within whih thyappea The modrnist oi i a ual logi and so it must be containedby the tem of viual pereption. But t mut a cntan them

Thus o-u versus o-o as the tatement of this cntanmentThe notu/o-ro f the eutral axi that peulia converionf empiral viio fgre/grod dstictio that an be seen to hae

gerated e mest on ar aother the i, he moohomthe alve paiing, the olreld the meenabyme of cassial lae,

the nes of oncentr sua or rles And while eah is is own veonof the neuazing of te ona dnn none is an erasure of theterm of that disnction Qute to the ntay The terms are both peserved and aneled Preseved al the moe suely in that they ae canceed

Empiial vson mut be aneled in favo of methn undertood athe preconditn fo the ve megence of the peptual objet to vsiono a hher, more formal ode of vion, somethi we ould cal thestrctue f he viual eld a suh Fo the sucue of the vua ed no cannot be the ame a he order of he peeptual one The peepua

ed s after all fover be s b;ects t s the baround theisupport their ambance. he mo of the vsa eldviion a tutue, vion a suh-ha noth however of thi behind hi rward th uccesvenes or, a the matix of an abslute simultaeitt sutue mut mark t wth the perfet ynchony that nditios vionas a frm f coito Beyond the suceieness of empral pace'ue/ground the must be th alatonceess hat restucues ucesiveess as vso.

Viion as a fom of ogtn. a form the1, t rewks the vey otionof gound The gound n t behnd the ground is what it, vion s Andthe gure too rewored Peeption mak this re that the eye snesout by abeing t pure exteoty set off from the eld on whh appears t s even more surel set off (om me the beholde ut onto-in viion-rap the gue otherwise captun t i a c0dion of

pue mmedy yieldn an expeence that knw n a ash that if th ese pecepion are seen as hr, t is beause thy are seen b me that it smy pesence to my own epresentaton that secue them, eexvely a peen o myse

No gue then eihe but a mt ase of efimbcation

he peeptual tem ae reeced thus and mared b ths eecti1 ao-re and oro But in beg aneled they ae also preserved.And the logc of that pesevaon s made tansparent by the gaphThe raphs rcumfeene hd a ts tes in mutua oppositon e

veus grod; od veu ood; notro d versus o-

ot-fgur eru fg I ana xe yield, howee o mror eations o ather to mir etatments the stualt inveeoftheoppoite the doube negatve) with e n this ase beng the "amea oo



And th how the gph' lgia unfoding capue the fom of themdenst Fo t he mment when he bakgnd of peeptual

pa-wh is fo me tatu eseve o ndanes ejeed bmodesm i fo of the imutne tht s undstod a pecod

ti f in the og f hs nersion ino nt-grou led deteminh new odion aodng to it mi- to use the utuat

tem deii-ein the dgoal oppsite pe: ue. Which to he goud doe n beoe ailble to the moderni pine ina whole age of dm w but in gc onditioned, inge w

the new ode of "gue. The mdenit oud a eld o

bacground ht ha ren o the ue of he w to beme exac

condet wth foegou1d eld that hu ngted by the wo

gue.

I 1919 e Pu and Mnu aiis wou ive ise o e lozege piswi Moian wod ow ogaize by meas of olee and eulaid e sar ad gaps of e aa l woul ally be loe bye samless laiy of e aiei ode Now fo e s ie ewod o ision as fully absa d e ri wod seed inag suessiveess ff is spae lik wae vapoad fro a dylake Leavi be oly mks of e ifas of elsoing a ossi is sufe k so ay esms of is geoiaivs s simuaeiy wol b gued r in is billia obsessioal

ain wol b is ly sysmai eivio o e gudas gr

Ad wee we poje e o ewee deemiao o esis eaian "g of miial alis visio geees e ntgu iselwv loaly ivsd w i io cono as goweav oly o ik of Maiss's Window o ay ohe sucue abmeom of Piassos las sa w h fo fa of guia o eiee o e s beoms u f ole of s ooic is ase Sela es squares as n spr Dilemm Hen Somp Te frawiiafae is a way o i io ioal ed ad siulaeously eai i sie i is isi spae oly as a imae o s ose is liis is ame e gue losesi loi sas as a obje i a oinuos eld w peepio

appes o pik ou a eby o fame; ad e frae is o loeoeived a soeig like e ouday of e aua or empirial liisof e peeal el s gs of oe aoe, oside and isid akeo a deuive elao o ea oe, gue of e &a u e

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To /w i ne the whe th te�a 1 te tnt c1u T thi i . (p



persaiv/t,.I

l ''

rtilu

(ncnofmrlw)

.. ednal

he econd avantge of the gaph wa that it eleae fo me methngf the truphant, ational ener n opeating the odeit locin thedrivaton of thoe par, nearly aiss elfanegatng uctn: theg, the monochome the a/l-ov painn, th concentc . Fr theexcitement thethe sene f breathrugh f dcvwa enughto uppot a lfetie of rewkng ths logc Seeral lifetis The lganceof the ol The thri of it manpulaton

Th avtage of the gph lt as cla wh the yt s nite heeexv rlaton of t tm can generate only so many olutn onlyo many tanscongs More than n o two of coure but not a ery

_

_

rg numb Grid onchrome allove, mis-n-byme . . It s fnitei the htocal nse as well. For all t innr dynam t i a graph n

tass inne possibilitie can b eploed lled ut But it ytm adts of no evolutin You can ply ome to ts ut lit an then top

The aph's elatin to me nonhtl. Hto appeas only whnyou stand outde it an see how t mp a ceain set of real peupatnan you ay "o that wa what mod w But insid there nlyreptton. Th lutin t th same puzle tae up ove and over againe rwred, egued

Which bings up th fouh advantage of the gaph th one that personalto e By shown me th yte whole it hw m y wn outdensto t. But t al gave a way of pctun what it ha been lke to bene where it choics eee to ops a whol unve the unvreof vsion It only om inide aftrall that coul hav taen pleasure

n understanding why ank tella thought e Wllams a genu Anthat could have ben af t th auption abut vrlt in thatmtaphr Deaf to the fact that nie the logc of that tapho eveythingmaerial a away o u le th effect t the physcatf bat an ba and of the natue of their contat ha simply vaporied

had bco al the more dazzlngly rational n that the ha ben reneredephmeral the limit cnditns of vion

Th qa o t trtrai' gra, i wa f hoe of ll nivee in grip w ppng cie tw

imil sbili. Cl l i the ain o ag-ina ac he w ting can be elat. cnflc ilnt wa B i wll s w W a rewk

in e pac, o xamle o t T g olin L

Su j t o ci ra An h ollo

Jasn ll m T srclists gap beme t lfcainepc o egy A clral pt th impsile t sr n imaa pace win o ok out unale cr

tin o in ld ry nacin har rpe a h it oJ he Plitical Uncono

h fth adantage f the graph only cam to lat fter I had bgunto ll in the pace of an alternative histo one that hd delope againstthe gra of mrnt optilt, n that had rsen o� the ve ite odenm nly to de it loc t cos the we of i varu ategriesto out a ts notion about eencs an puricatons t efue it concwth foundatnsabov all a fonation in the prsumed ontolgcalgun f ial When e th oth hitoy begn th al the optal logic of antam sm

ts had to et a at to bring foth the monuent the evnt the pecontation. houl w spak o uchamp f that ont n BuensAis n 1 8 or 9 9 whn the whol chanal tapho Lag

G wuld sudnly loe t ntrest for him an he woud tad n theachelr machn fo an optical cntraptn a leon in optics tha hewuld chae f the net n yea? "rcn Optc h would lit paodca a ounte to oeit ratnaled von O prhaps MaErnt ovrpaintings, hs aa collage that wul o tun Breton madearun th am tie?

\hatver the beginnng ight be the terin of th countehto ooname giepote with aou onptual markrs ones that dd ot

p tor wold ipossiblu ony pntd to th y thfounton ofmodeis e mine a thusand pocet of dnessthe lind aonal pace of th labnth Concepts le micthe unanny mrror tag, Wdoz; gue lke theahale th minotau the pr)•ing ans h teran raened nt the 20 and 30 with plae lke acoetti, an al d n Ray



O

an ent e «[ hs gsture cms rm utie he ubjec. a prmar ntng he nant by mene o mehng ele a nngcntute fr exame b the f he mth a k tht name thech tel f ite The chl' en be fond n h lkut a i err f enty pregue in wthraa

n h age beween e an i here is bult, hen bth hegia ean the ube negatve an he aua ne f he hy fhe ubet An h s where he mphm beteen the L Schemaan he Kein G-p begn lcte

Fr he L chem n nee a a pctre, but nea a a

he ubjec, then h bec, then h ego thn The reltnhp ae n pemanen ruatn, cnnuu ow. Their yamc pue rucng rpen. And th cru nteup he perfecmmey f h graph r he man reatn tanetg he queby cng t gn wih a channe f t eeng he ubectback hme n the mh ufae f mrr unge he he haff he gph n ark The eg' ra wih he unncu ge nu gh mehng am up he tanpaen f he gah, uthrugh ce, bung relan ne t he he Run ee thepaern n the cpe in he ea, n the aen ee her rm, ther"ctre. Wh he s nt ee, cann ee, hw he ha been mae a

ce f her pctueT p sis i s s esi py rptiton, o ime. I p oo h o y o u oss gi o t u is he ei we h Se h Ke Gp wi o o ji o oieis. L pie h sios i s he oss i s soe ie s sess sohsie . H piues i s isi sisss i owih f s oi oi i s whie ppei o o s p

The aaage f he graph a a ptue f mernim an t ualtlgc t perfect Bth a pefet er 1 a pefect pa I

ame hch rme xcluin h o ea o ea a an degcaclure. Nthg ente fm he osd, thre where the pta, heenmc, he c, fegathe u neher anyhing e up n theh l ann, h ete apeu e, a uface an n epth. he prbem h bk w be

h

d he d w n uen h wpa a ke (p 16)

•



The e theam the pan1g in a ap he lc rlai ad he py f elfnae (p 16)

FrkSocla, Hynmp 1962.

t show that the eths are there t sh that the raph' transparenis nly seming: that t masks hat beneath t, r t use a strnge treresses it

The relaton between theL Schema an the Klen Grup ould nuethis repressin. Nt beause the L hma shows an elsewhere an ut-de " f the sstem Bt becase t sho the epresve l o the sstemts genu at epresson It can that s, ure oth the beneath" thestem; althugh the e o that beneath is peulia f cuse t antsimpl tae the orm fa fgure because t i a m ne attac a frm

qaled b the local llic of that beneath an mpossible quali thatJeanFanis Lard ant t trac when he nam the unconscisrelaton t the isual mage thuh the chismat term he nts os/dre bt s ding thi elatin an aunt or tw thins at oneboth the stuture f pan of the prsed terial and the reaszswthin the histial prod mdernsm r its represin t therefrehelps to m the bjects Mt' Bdr, th Rrlf, S-

ll and s frthnd to explain wh a hegemonc modesmhad t acate them fom its el.

And th bok wll b ed he Otl Uncnscis. D h t

r h The Polital nonsous? Its a ry tht ; its

rm it a grp ii silic i xrv

ga unin. OW



e ags from Jh Rukn's tbgrph, er 1885-889 OxOford Uivrity , 7), r: a opi, 9 R' rly depvf o, 1; hs sg t M Nrh 1 i l r f l 0 hlong rlan to , 8; th dvng f tran g wt oig riggags 18

Pres s gra i h nal sre Mi rs ay " n , puls in 19 i Art(um rne Miia ed gy BN Yrk Do lnt rnbg' ila f a "ty opalnn s "Mdrni itg, 165 pn i he d Gk [N k utto, 966

eorg aayz t prtmaaio o han im n elarrian ad to in "R eaon an t Cosco of he ProlHsy d Cs cowess, as. Rdy se [ambrdg I171 ] ar I sn 3 For A n a ning ont rd ee "omimn he Eeil Fkrt S Ree d Adrw Ar and Eie eha Yk: Uri Bok, 8

rrc Jso dcu th bmng anomo f th vaou m reltainalia f lfe and bor under api n Te P Uio:Na a (Iaca: orll nivi Prss 181. Wth pei Conrad syl pp 5f. is qoa fo ph

For resenta o Kin G e a arb ni f he

rue in amtc Io Miae Lor Basc s 97. a Lra h lin Grp hi aalyh rin wkiul n Sali m in W fe t Modki Sat Uii of asng P, 2, p. 1 ad relati iu mh in "T Strtral als o Mt, t A1hopClie Jkbson an B Gdfsr opf {N Yr: a 3rsfra lin rp A J. m ha eepd t iot wi e debs a gig a l df ran h a rn Te Ira f Seo nsan On ng (nneli neso s 18) p ame semc ar h e 16 24, 256 2} o i Ma Dnnd gene Upa, G n. l (1) p. 4. Jn r diSr m he imanar rsolu f ntra in t ala c d lus on f a as a staon o ideied tea onrins . ). o Ahssr s tr ALe oh s Be wsr Yr ly w Pr, 1 r viSras seepqe ra R k Anm 1

pp 78I have del i e gd a on o te dt compstionl parg b rcured b peri in r eOia ( vat- a it mbdg I rs 1 8) In n wrk kgron nt i h nt o md iciy d "nVio, Ono (png 1 6) ; N More ly ay on Giaome eals u



ts rlato ritivsm n The Orga Ava-Gad oral wes a ap f "Pimv ad whCuy Ar, Wiim Rin [NwYrk: Mem Mdrn A 1 nd Cus Dc, sdy rrathgrh in L'Amor F: Sm ad (w Yrk: 186)

L a blho o f h L Sm hn n th h bremn f s (Ecr Sln rn n Shrin w rk Nrn p. 193), in pon fh g n bj gena ; n p r 6 h 5 "Semnr 'uoin tr' Ei s: S 1] p. } wh g n bj a T x) aa h rriz n rnain g n i, 55



/

jus s pud t, k imm� mae bdy st 0 t

Ms' w Dupi Bu us s ds ady

exp t i as y ud a d

o

Ad o w ag dAoro a ook ack a rallookg ba d ro, v u a lookg fod o r a fw popl ar looro w u or l w e p. E d w jded w e. H har Wja d or o rg o ocao ha ja aw al lag r f ro Adoro d o ra a Bro' cla abr N da a wh ap.

. A dl ag bg o o o goud a o w gocal pla ar rad accr of uaoa Sa h w j g a fr a d rbr ag ad d d w h arhu w d of o r o dao I w



Thy oblou o l a a ln poany ot a lly h h rond In h orh la r m h lbooy apa o cn ar npg:to h l oluul lnnd n Ragan po.

cb ld n ar a l a oo l ala nd arl al al n nr no h aco n h o hn, la b a r ro o a clo o y h vr. nc bo parj mme an

xpnd rcrnc co a o hch c m r n. n n h n o lk backoudth n, rad a on ch vhn l uppod -round hn, alo a ackrond a op a ca boo

H ha had n hw he p . . h nma u al o

pp h wa mng h pepl hm he wa egnnng

a ng H wuld nda h a1g h walle and lnga phgaph fm s ld whh h wud p en h nd

nd mddl n f hs fa aaall oned hand Bu hen hs

wh appaane m he hgh wde ehad and adenl ulpen h legan sluh h vhh h w· h lh a a momt

o nld langu "h ala he wud a m f nd n

h van c ha emanad alsn ne ould ha an undun

f hng el mehng aa mehw nnuang

I old hav een had n gp and wond n ha mpan

pdng el n len n nep ppe ugosmanns and ma Wha aou om hm would pnde. s

smple pd? Ju le hat? O om nd oolan? nd

h hmsl

And he photogaph Gala Elad, lqen/)• wanon n s dplay ohr nadns wh h hgh beas h dzzng lngh f h o andh dla aiulans kns anl, and w could ll hmnhng. xp ha he wa eauul nd ad h d l a p-

l ndd wapn f dun

ld he have hwn he phoogaph t nd e all haal Nm da n Cln whn he nall m afe wha el l

o a' monh anpaon s man ppnmnt o a na

m ala wa h alng h Paul luad h hem hang m

, 12:

he o le h h h th ang . . (p 35



Ert mm t!, {mm n morning,

rc, bo g d og . (p 35) P b p 35)



M E 1929: me."

pa tht thto th1 th thre tp (p 35)

xprsy f thi meting, fom Vnn. N n o hw th cp n thpnc fthe iginl

Giv ht hppene nt thnk h pbabl d h Ent th phtgph An tht th gt ae ith t th mtvtn tht u

hve ee upee: tht it ws pe a cttin; f hmfa foh n ha h showed h he hoogh tht tee woul e nom ne m Bt then he h w n exm nptve

n he he p th aet the ive f me

Th th n t thnk he tht th t me te 92 to mmmte the ennn tht ltnhp betn the theth th nt h �l -thh t ttf h p b n th phtgph f e mn Nt h t b t hn th wk "t l whh m th pnt ft l x cn f xtme mblnt.

z a n i in Jy 190 pang aa ing an oh pa i h w Lttt Bo agzi' io(on wi oa a o) o faia a a ig i i Taa h a wih io a oaoRig o h wa ao h agig of n of h nig a a n o o foo on og pfoig i en ymphnq wh h un

h a of ha Y oo hin ovoio oa mnnt T wa fo xap h oig of aiahiiio ai wo of o of igo Soa x , o a hi o whih a o wi o . ha wok aa iw a ha a ao i aio po of xhiion i Coo If o hop fo ohigiffn fo ohig a an a o aa hf wano wag hi o vo fa o Taa a ju ha H o a a D 192 oainig a pi of hiwif Loi (who a na h a o Bohu) a h oJy a kig i Taa o ag a ow of hi gaph wok ow hi o i ou o ai, wih:

o a? Ro oh o h

o g a? go g Tz? Joo g Tz io g Taa Mx n a Ma o Oan i iig

tw



But it m Bt iti t ki cm ide been gzed f M 19 he bte A il Whee it Betn hd bi f he t it

Fitx clle b E d ee iped t P t t ibihe t the upkig of the k k le A Bet dibee enute it the bc elt id i entl e ld li pi ee ee bjc t hi t ueim ld ndetd methig bth i idet nd i Bet ln

n c ei und ht it hd bee kg fo e in th 90 cll [b t} i tded entiel iil hm te t t tee ime opdd xcl t th ineni f Lut d Rim bd i et l ememb de t et ee n them A Supl e ll hpee be ib ue t th eoment n he le ied f Clon de e ll lled imdite ith unleld dmitio e t bject d o ith i om nomet d t pe t o pkncipte teme fm it i t he n ble t minti etil ne lthip it

le ecin m e iile of eit btetini ll ei mtce th p

W i becue d ee i te Gm b tiu d he lbd Blheik th Bit thitie ih in lne t e deid im ppt In eet e miedhi ple eie t th A Sn Pe hld in the beett te i u it Be chi te d A mectiul d eo t inl t m iide cbd t liht t te efc f hi k plpble Be e S t i Spebe hi t Vie t iit ed heet t he l t eet Ent p i e t thi Betn o uho? F i i lme o ith

i Betn inited on edn t Ch1s im dicced nt

t bi t pckn of te ole e on m the opei o xibto. Bu i excitemen ced pth ht n ih t t ote ld te mt

ls 192: "Adhr pamogbe k s

n b . (p. 36)



Est, La . 191.

B h i h k Gl (p 41)

ed hi iohe te . He de eood tt otheh u e ie to hm" eed o og w Eud' exeieneh ue e e did o wit o ee Beto Ve ed hied o the on o eoe E E hd ong wihe Ro e o he d e eued o oogne

d uhed eie of f o e eeg i Adhe woe o Tz:

he 1 o e mo we wi eve o Mni wheewe' end wo o hee d d o thee o oogne

l wn o be ue h E w be ee he Wod o i? We'e oi o Cooe o ee EnNt l we to m d I de t I e o eo o de ewh ie e ee. Pee ie e hi de n A AY

O oebe G nd ie i Cooe Te et 13 etee he f to z

Ce Tz (b) Cher zr ie wo d goe e o n he egee tohidood \Vho w wi wer for u he moyt i her hir which w t he idic deer et et do With their deprre he hve e grwidess

od he Rs heur f he dds rey hve bee sd t see them Is it possibe tht i he ecitemet of heir forsomes eti giethe ig t msemet rk the grtis throh de hs, heery moi poet redi oked i eu de e she coud he missedwht w o ppy here for the other three mki the ir evryrm eem use wh he hrp si of ex eciteme? here wshe whe G eteri Mx's sdio e oe iht ped hersef sqreyi the m em o oh mes most eted desire s remvier ches with the swi ii ht mred her mvemes she tokp oce i the pse of the phooph Or did G ever do h

here re o imi docume to y she did. Et chiy beifu overpitig ed L ube ohe dedited t her d eeueddri he i wee eee h ime he ef d he ur f he mmet o her kedess re r ftsied Ad Eurds poem "M



u

t, rtten durn the me eiod as he new wrk tha uld nhis etin Rpitis end b descrbng hat ne: "In the lwfuh/ Lm ghed vr ae Th rt hw h brasts kle rd nse But a he remerig, or ntipting?

mak bet phe Est fund himslf urning to h mdiumh had n two yas arli t tchni smtims rfrr t byh tem lag but which Es himslf call Ubmhlung rpainigAlhough few f h woks npackd by retn t Picabia's hus ttdy ad ben convonl colg ms f them in fct wr rpair

ings Wi is o say ha instd o llages iiv prcss, in whicdispa lemns ar gue a waing netral pag h ovriigswk suacvy Thy lt; hy ak away In orr o ak ,

Ens ha sel mmciy prin st an wih th id f kn goah h d opqd o vris ls of t iginal proce new gneation o image As e mrix r substruur of was ssqenty sn in he wor hs shee nday wh ws siatoth Bro n Argon t ws his th dicte wht thy ha o sya h ovpaiings im hey rs enconrd m Argnsrpr writtn in 2 nots ta Max rnst orws hs lmns abovell from printd drawings aetismts dctory imags, pulr imags newspa imags An n hs 12 essay Surrlism an i ing,"ton agr ha E nst pred from th insa at Apinsught in aals he erm th Btn ha rginally us forthis lmn is he far mr suesi wrd ayma as, i his tt th 11 hibition a Au ans ari h nos tht th collags arbil n grunds constitutd by h aymad imags objcs," dingpanthtially (as in lou gur)

Now lat n 11 fr is monumnt Gaa h page ro n lsatatalg or som th in o k id no sm to hv satisd Ersstad his radyd gron hd h hav n a ptgrap . fa n woman lying srch ot uon couh hr arh body sport by on lbow h ohr arm reaig for her a

t h lotd is iw from u o th vst cmil podcion oftrn-ofhtuy eroi w mad t n ordr d aw

irs h atked it wth a glius y cbal ble guch, svrigt boy frm th enrey of s cott detahing it from t spc nwich i oigally apered frm th aremts of th roomfm te cuh, m spg am n nly rm t bdy's wface. Sangely hss an cnxlss, th naed om crs pc

ay staind lok sms t us an mst unimagnabl trm r hisobje, bld

u thn e ha ls tu t htog ad h b th smokn th by s hat swivd 9 grs it h bn ma nwlypendn, wighlss vrtical sspnde in h srangl matria elveyer f h guach that cors th suface of he photaph like ahrdn skin Upright and halss te nue now apears frm withinhis tken ld as haing bn ransm i he ery image f he_pallusas having bm, th is th objc an sujec of a unmis

tkaly Oipl fantas o o hving nd bing t sx o oAnd in th nsipton wih wch rns fams his spac th o leasr s inokd by th words a grc t de nos p�ies": as de of the ilky Way smns p th o iconography of h boyssetios wting themss ovr th page of the heavns

f ths suspnd wigtlss hlic oy-of-the-woman bo pt ofe sng an a som kin o rmov rom t was to iciat athrd n whch h imags of ollgnovel emme tte wola th of h da srug ogehr, it so must be se s loongcw. n fa is whol imprt and suctur was bo ookng bacar Wih is say ta t mporal slcmt of sir ack oadolsnc ffd rugh e ion f uty is nly lin nan impid sris mpral isplcmnts o origin sty cing

under th artiss gaz. Fr ala ener Enst's imnatin ampanidby th wods prturbatin my sise," the name of a cllage he hd mada th sam m as Pub ph. is was h phrase ha wold morand mor clrly mrg as vkng t adlscnt aasis that hd risin rlatin t is vry yng sistr Lni n whih h would inscimany ims in Fmm 0 tte Bt jst s Ga is s fr Lni oniis srn fo vn arl flings. h wmashalls lhs hselings wh a kind of xcite rane even as sh oaes em a epon f awaig th fct of sexu dfeene

And Elurds acou o ths meeti Dd t ls ere n the lg reein, nder o h em Mx trutured, f uren the ufl ren oth hre dn un n. Frt he y n ins e y

t he th's "dans un c; ae ' lded wth and nce t he the fcus o eerone ee ze Dans n coin ouries add u u mh n out o th ame ed in Frenh l jde uar cons. Mucal hairs course Elrd etin childhod.

w



No b pyng "doo o emp Re oug ply o xu-on Eveone mo n ccl; evron nes pls; someon swy l ot lud , led y he bige o noke . Eud s n ne le o nd ookn

his derio of the sexal gme f le ju d qu on from eforfd repetio f ds u oi" is feed extreel plasileliterriica redin f Eld's oe. o tis alsis the crtic dsoter te poem fo oes there is, e ss Elds acnledgmet of Erns's rtisi mem s soeig istic fom is on

smethig hose icorial odition is suppoed by a pge ot n oedig bt rathe t visio, deed its sape, irs spe tsotio as quilate Wi pts he isin modernis to ote interpetton o mi s

Ts drve as o pefo rel to te se of isti medi,k o te suppor o te ojetve oiions f e eepise s modenis sessi. Viso mst nee oerloo this sk It ms ostntl efrm o een he phsil vens f te pite suppt-hefltess of e ee, the reaiy f is fm-mo te essetiletres of viai iself simutne; its reexiees. ee must eo ivi ay t trsre iusio ere must e o selfortie for orners te sheet re more meel psil limit er a lial prese hey re te ondiios of possiilit ie the fou

orers of e strcturalsts Klei Group fom h g reltis ofhch he yse e deve ey costruct me tat othgeeates cotis vese.

If Elard plots hs cndios f lki f tchig ad eited athing s shap nt logic t desire od e do eink imagie ss vison otese? Would e ssig a diseodied fom of mse e assoie ith odeism

We e pcae o Es' oles as nrapped ta da, earl 1921 abia, Bretn mliiosl eped as si t en is emshad rs to mie Mos of ese oes th teir somet rilhm, ter rte frle da carm seem d ple of provois itesi Ad rul ot fm Pii F e ovepitis e

morit of tem cast o e pges of lgue o eemet d igshool teacig is often deplo their dded les of lor t projet sl teie spce ithin ch te ies o eakes nd retos

d atoe ues ld e shaped nto e kd of menmorpi

,.

.

.

J. (HCU n f

, .

·

' �\ 1 lto• _ ;F; � f

•

�

� .

6

1,

t

-

r

M MkshMa•

The adyd g of c, ddng enheily, ( nlou fr p 46)



Max 120.

Max DJmonstraiohydrmrque erprIbr, 92

' Br ay pd t p 48 r t r rr r (p 48

f f f



K!danrlt cta, p

Ct o e g g hgh h hgid p. 48)

prsnges a ii iself fo se yes pefee e ell prdd d tus sef -eidetl ee obje bou inPiais wr s t eile ptrair s i his i, t c Siegltz

95 r as e mdium dbsed dersin s i nfnt Carbure-

o ()

Ye eain of ese images g ar bnd iaias tin f a meancabeng t dada lk o tin te rbt es f md tehnuur. Isted, fe rnss vrpaiin seem mpse t padigm f n de mnia -a npreedented in 20 tmtist mtr turnig vr witi t er eld te su.is d wi h wd me prat t t ee of eie f oei oe e pal ol e of isual sliden and refie mmeda sbsttutig fo s mel bsedisted on e ditins of e readmad, ndis t prdu nltgeter diere knd sene m tt mderisms.

Te del En nts ideed srtrd s sen-nied a psnim rme i le t gitive imagprided b he mdernists Kln Grup Bt i is ee h t mpaisn wit mdst isal mdel stps Fo o learl in a erpantng aed e Bdm (wit an insrpn bt Frend erman tat dds "Its wrt spding ig ee) pradgm geertes s t is eted t ur es vr ep

sp isde, erb pturng o io o te vis as a se io oj, s e ren new mges, f ucio of t strcre visin ad i easess reu t teareadkw

T Ma' Bdo is strturd like e ter erintings with Erstaing oe ld lm f gu msk ut e part ederg see that ar t e suprssd ad a e sm m t pja w i wi te remainig bj-i tis as aims and afw pis f urr-will tak tir plaes in r ae le ga is smwat siik, its lm semig t naled ote sura e image Unlie s te ters wer, e spaepreed b is m is nsistel deep rgazed s a ullwnperspetive d ets assemled ae no e biare bids eter llages bu te exeptinal dpitins wle, bar seepsae bed, table hest te elemts ef ree rm a teaigd se ow pon row of sch aimls d bjets rigiydisplaed temses witin te abse gridlie is

ll h f i F d



·

wa ou ll th pa of ivntory Fr t daamawoodn ure of t poe, frm h jtaoiti f elme inows frm hei blvioses h demands of peete wih wolrqir t tat aimal b smler th the e n, ad om thocsol lee t udrlyg pa of the vent trough hegoua ki, t ad gi of ppog eet rai apararos t ewly wrog tr o rpctie it is th appacet w, wl gu siv or t urralist orignal ric of imge a rvary. c wha i prjeed r is a vsual thatis n a e an vr rewed psug o he pr potntality f e

eeal nsad d t i aa lld al-to s teword-reaymad

aad Tere i othig eaade abt piner la avao e atms wi et n f we old ay ht ah of theas s alrd rgize arady stutr b e tic trogwh prsptive wil a the oorits of xral c o tsmooh wi f o ah is onthlss th indx o a kid of mptnes, a aal lan whch ta of th sa ie itlf r�od as a eld of projet I sand hat is fr wt i ad to th tu of viin's ptaneos opin oo e etal wod a litls yod, n vr etatig horion rserve umd fro theotst bt eve ld i advan If in tro espetie vaigpn ad vwig pi io lin ad vas srfae nal mor

o antr i a oliios rvsibity, hi ease hey rpsnto fds of pr ptli to ocations f th alwayr nertd o te on and orizo tt ii pre and o t otrt welig up he gla

at t gd o h Mter om is t a c u a otaineread led so tat th gz is eperi a bng satra from theve a; t t pspetve pretion not f as a traparyopig oto a wrld bu ki lie dee a strangl spalrm he ojs i as e feat est a sua mdl tat i aon and h sae m coplt revera f tradioa prpctie h oa rfsal of t mernist altrniv.

How to caaerie t visual modl ambrt e ow ptromig that i nt grgaintgou r t mdei limi Wld it l to tik t litt apparat ta acinaded ad aot o is he t ado et it ig le gme o ue ahr ea t

x E

t isi d l r lry-kow



B h l th ln h vi t ojct within h c



<

B h l th ln h vi t ojct within h ctc tl dch ovri d h ott o vio dfr oriin i oticl oly hy rdyd of t lnt th cl ftr o cn rond hich ThMt' Bdom obvioy oi Ad t i j hi thoh whichh obc w b o k wth h ki of owr t did to ronEld nd Aron in 1921 Ernt my h cd thi broo hiow I n ylf ijcin b h col hv do o ony thoh tnt idnctio n wth rd' ptit th Wolf Mn d th bvoki th fo dr th ol n bhid hm h of M'

rl c All f it i thr id: th mobity o h il; hwidow ooit d th rii ti o th c i h fof widow oing by f hich i th r fo h ontof iion in th onn of th child d dth it ll thnt of ttion t iy oh o b th cni of thc by th of ythr ht tri, rnin ith r o bc th c only rnt o n oj who dtiyrid ily i th fc it is lt cr fo th ril cth d llow th r ni-th ttio mirivd croh l of h nt' lovk-t rr. d i o o i h of w cnn i which th o jt i ond fothhr th of h lo r bition-wolf bttrfly, ct-h r h mr of th lot obc, o od i, bt cr thoh th vy codition f c

Y t K Ot ho hd hwn hm th o tht dy t w nnn in 912 t h Unvt ou n h fogon H hdd thm oiy tn up th mg th m th ny.Bd. t m St. Smm o. n n.And wy, dmn En now h hd to dmt h o g th Iri o tm nd th o o.nd Th Pyhoholy o f vryy i I to hm, om thmomnt tht th t thn ud to Fdi nt, t to m t out o o tht ut h o kw tht h hdnt th mnto mo thn to m nd ndt tton And tho th i, w to o ht mttr n vnthn h h oud b

Wht h hm t hd n n th drw nd nt ththn th httd o d tth m ocoth nd ttnth m thy onut in d oon omnou dth md u hnd ny h ut tth od omod

M E, 11 1

Conrond pipic tragesss of he vm b . p 6



H ahr mulaey a al-powl ad g a

ol . (p. 63)

M , T VmCg ljuwsm Front fhWiteu:�- BP.E "d eAr, 1926.

E' ject f self it h Lnard y (. 65)

ofhndred and hnd·eds o pasmodicl rnered uli. H thought



'

-

�

Oskr f1e, PiwPul

h hadw f a id c nt th anent ohe Vn p 65

of p gh migh write a book on h rane dna odctio th auviaf hee menta ward, whee h stde hog had taken hm.

Late afer he had ome to know de Chirco' work and had seen hat itwold izdeed be osibl to bid that knd o affet nto an mae, hehad bun to wa al h theme hd thoh about for o lon nto hiwok In 90 he he coge o h chld seated a th tl scholo desk, cnrnted b he riapi otaeones of the vau tbeh tte d in dpi reemeng how Feud had announcedn h ooy ha he woud no reer o he genitas in

dpii a one wod eak to hden bt wuld al hem intead bhir nae n 192 h based a ola or lu d ol,hi book joi1tl wrtn wth Elard on h onraons Je chrbfath had devied fo chrens erc and bhed a K ipe Theheer exavagane of Sheb' madnes cted hm and so h wen onto ma O Ti M l Kow Noi and oi by i. Buhe Wl Man's ase had uhed hm een uthe. t wa not u hat heade ou d iu t how his fahr simultaneul as alpoweand in the e of a wo The on h began to eali wold bethe armare fo hs own srreal tet, h obligator onr rodutionthat had o be ubited o the agan fo one to ea so t peane' trie n he uion

969 or ebl iiewe n bo e p o yy beo o wa lli Wl x. Lbel wod

ob 927 yo ublid oi ion d dioil" i no 910 o Rvol4on ulte, wiid yo eplio o op o uo ll o i oll d o oe.How w i pioly i oio,w you d you pioe you pry ii d by ue roup nd obly byo? d y ldy poke bo o o o w r o op li?Max : oed i bo deiion pbiio Adr e wo y e

ion we odil wi ri eupon) w poneouly d i i H e lpd re ei ie Fe

Rober Lebe: Wast t is tat a ou s in ofhis rous befoe, ccodg t he ogc f he drem ork urng



Rober Lebe: Was t t is tat a ou s intsl recid ih dreas ad neve m allus to eMx En-st Y, agre, at ud see srange.

ow strage t gt is, o ors a fnc of rnsts aiiatin ta whe rage erienwith gs with ynss, whauomat i witigthat w on in 193 as ret, dring he rdknwn as e oque de sommes tried t in this w syste tae was all srrealism. acques Ban emembers:

Th rt ssss oo pla at rn's re Fonaie nas faihful a way as ossble te aica tr werelat the egining as maser f cermoiesenan Simon f rse Aragn ard, Peet snosMorse Vita very seo raee rbably Lmbrce r wie ado e f J forget som ame aces·Adr iffar ms ae en one . oupa, l donreembr An Man ay And Ma Ernst Certainlyaa luad aompand Pal ann not yet. Qeawa s ther ad Dnise soon aville and sl otrs

Queso: It's Ernst who gives yu is hand. D y know hm?

Deo (in a hyp10tic rane): Who?

Quesion Mx ntDeos YsQeson Wl he ie a long meDeos ity-one yearsQuesio What will he o e wi a y wt lnacQueso Will h be ay w luaticsDesos s the blue lady

Hs "Wolf Man deam re o La Rvltin Sraliste:

e om

osed aund his memo of he headboad of hs ltle bed n Bruh, a

woden pae elaboae aned no whih beo go o seep_as a

hd he would ro;e ma1ay rok ad f-off mounas vtsualtzmg

n hoseen mang he w om e omono ane.

.

I�

hs pae ha he remembeed ae he realzed he mmense possbesof oage Ad so s in fontofhs ae ha he oud lace hs fahe

and hve im mk "obsce geues" wih a f cao1 he uls ou

of is rous befoe, odg t e og f d o ghs w body io ve op fi whg hg whs nam

coud on be h ben presece of fns he phs. The oecoo he Wolfn wod be mde hough hs efeence o hs fhe mgove oeree b "e M d reepeened he cree of hedem The seen whn he eenmem Th d be

e te mst sei and farreahng xam of rnts ideationwith Fruds ase hitris doe t ivolv t Wolf Man e se. t is rathr rnsr's prjei of hilf ino e Loa y o eamlin th 192 ir The Vgin Chssing he Ifn Jesus bfr Tr

itnsses (AB., PE d he Ars) tis coneti s drod as akid f rivate witci in shaow of a br d ast nt t garmntsf e Virgn red n e le f t nml doves rst wast pt he late 1920s t apeaane of ts hatom mis teska Pste diagam f te dden ulte n he Vrgn nd S nnewich aopanied he 9 9 ii f reuds Leard essay But Erst'sidetication wt eoard was be ar more sytemi ta at n isassution f Lplo "iruei as is wn alter ego, calling tisratur, the suje of imerable irs my pivae hantm, attachd to y ero it wld ee the resne f a t tanth icnri level t wl ntrol sts eltn eamof nrl istor, wherhr in the ealy collages or n e cle f frttagerawigs tha amilate esees to t aace of naros se

bo ojecs n bo factre and soe t in tis ae f The Mse'Bedroom a th "ree eams of Haf-e rnsts connectn teLoad cas e ns on te vey function f memoy a the craeeme f eud's aays sen ory a is ot as splie fnte bt as a ditin of how seig is sred it is note bir itsl bt te d a ndata absn that as so motata l in te erain Frd wl t i lace

Ln' sed recction o a birds aving iied i i h is radeand haig beaten s tail ween lis is itreed by rud as ascree a blin on which emmbered enans of ifat aosacased y a oeraffecnat ohe ar rjectd in dgised orm ooyoung or tee feelin t dstod te ifant reains this inate

exerece as a memory whe anig ies dormat awaig the irpretati at will n y be given t it later a meanig hat s ts a fionof what reud ca s defered acin at what sd ally b du

a h prcptual cont this mmoy woud a d rud epis But i accn Erns thn goes o to a a a that i npca



a h prcptual cont this mmoy woud a d rud episn a wa at i ara h Wof Man' wf, o dd o th vaousj pstd th scrn mmos f so man his patints.

Ths lts a prvidd t h sc admad, rd ats; thyar what th chid pics up o th scraps of vrard convrsatinfr iag happnd po i oos frm th havor of amas hs and rctd Th ar th da ucovd i th sarh th chidwn ual crii is coa driving hi or r t prfr th datathat nc diced trjeced ono h foms pas in t guis

r h a he mpey aiious rt tha om, art act, atach hsvs oating sgnirs o wa rud hdm t thin vn e pra scn a te prima fanas

ruds rctrcin f Lenardo cas 1 ird driv from an dwiv l the mth' patd or a f hr chd's frgreatness, nd it is ten eifoced a th spci mr ojct, udhyptsi, y th nfrai hat vulu a n mat and aristd nsinad the wid T crn mr i, tn, an apprts eans f wch viio i rcd poed aftehac nto hly sturatd grond f he readymade.

h onardo of t cren mor is difre w soud tc, from ndo o th prv sn, fau pd wall or rnng

rs wihi whic h inru d oung panrs t thir iaginaiswadr nd it's h secnd cr, th on cocivd as th ting for ar pay of imag a atny that prmit th wlig up f asciatios

withi h rative procs that has away n ond raon Erst or i ny th cnd th a historian rasn, that is proprsurralis Ev Ernst se agr.

trs Beod g Er ogingy ue Brtons xaatiof Lordo leso, sttng is std t cop hr pctr hawhic thy saw tg hap in te pot an od wa (ach ccdingto is w igts nd t r utpo wth hi w acct o hisdivery f frotta, wc gin On he h f ugu, 2 inspptae viu caud m dco tchica eanswhi av ugt a lea raizain o s o o rd sty

ta ts hw a uddn aion n h rv in e orads of hisd d n ld hm t nvt i wn pojtv prcdTh rrne t Lerd pe c ay tndd hre gi frottag a pdigre f uprad

as ong a h prjctv sr i hogt o as a lan th, li tha pag o onoal pitig, can analod t the ground oio a adtioaly nd. ha clai s that rag ad ag(o lag as ns pactcd , aig c st pa Ia o qui fait cag) ar distgisha a pocdur maig it o srpis thah cumtac that sugstd ach of th to shld ha arly idntcal. Th imiari of t w is sch h wts, that I ,withut haging an wrd th r mpod ai for o, rla how I ad h disvry of th ohe" nd h hs accn fr

olage gs: O ra y da i 191 dig m in a vilag n thRin was ru oesi which held ndr my gz h pagesof a lustratd atag howing cts dsgnd for anthropolmiroscpc, pychgi nalogic, ad paontologic dotraio."

o th twig hee w vei to posil rst us haveonfatd two scrns-nad's pottd wal d Frud' ccoto h vur or-undeandg th visin congud in h on astucud th nnc rtracivi h othe nd in is cotio i i t unnsious tha i undrstod to t wor wth th wopcss mad to ccp h sa prptu ge due wat uddris as cmn t th dreas ad halucnation, ame a regr w h iual hs t parnt sac f cag and tagt sig pan fr whih th wr land , is pained i Bd

at as th sr of rsr w athr rful faated scrmmr, th urld ahogay pal f hi dstad whih h ast i drama of a wghtstat dra h caid for hislf i al childhodhis s h pa h iagis hi fathr to cpaing with ad whihi prdcd an ivntr f imags: ang y, lg s gr headof a ird wih hic ac air

We te mvete o of tem l Gl M d te xed il-m S-Be t ote vi t time i e, M ide o eig te ld' oom wit wode lfl pitig B mw, ly dd e o g ied l Ad t wo w t wl e etie pme tt e wodv wt o f m e vy ide c le eidedm Pme e d m t e mde eto t divd Fed' Dusion ad Dem, t l o ty e e ge T Pmpe l o ttydv scee elgi Z ime e pee e tg

whih th dlnt xul rg lyg domt n mm lh G d



t

giv hi ntrprin. Grdv r

Th hnd th would pl "Gdi th outd mul w dm. H hd n th mgz L N th ilro o lttl n luo It w hd wth it ind nd middlg rd th th h tip of h tng ith id oh ll bll o pll ptind btw hm h hd ndbblynud w wh gti i d ng uning th nd wbo h t h g b into butiu ldd oh h midu wht ould nw b d w vlupuouly dnglig l But

t w' ju h rm hnd io m h ugh hitnt Th bll ou puhd hng rth hn h Th tlt th wth h bl t th tip ph:d th m ig mnng i upwd o ood b o h lnm h binggitl ; in it h uld h womn' bd bg wh ll hplr d tor f h dg h pr o uld And thi md hd n l i i n wighl upnon t Odpl h prtpoe

t thi i h d t h m hind h d Pmpiwll pm gu o dutn gnt th t t ufb hm M Et om i ot o n hid th n

th nt Gl pu pe nd bhnd th th photogphf h i Elu wllt Ad bhnd tht th log hn o m hhd l dm or lng h img wh "x on thr p th mumud him th uh h hildh dir

In wht Fr lls visi's "ohr en-te n twd wic unsis gsss in ondions f drng, ntaszi hllining r se mmoy- opin o orny s a wr. Thisdeed ion Nchtaglihki, o pres-up, is impral in h rdyde wi lyin n boes h il or ps exienn d d no ense t he e i oe-orise u n rizon o th sje ision s n orii nieprepi Frd i tis or ea i rlion o sorsin t rss o t r wok t s prup o o

st d dr w s t r pn wge e tht gh h hos r rprstns gt li o hs Fr da ar lin in w t xed o th de eri

xErmt Wd 193

h hnd t h m hind th dp omp w tpm u o duo . . (p 68

s eaymae onit mag aahen pssl n e ey spl f k O l h k F d



ofTuch, (81), 4

But i wn' js he tanforin nd n "wman hcgh

i . . (. 68)

f wakg. O may examples o te wa hs woks Fd

ak f n f hem I hhly mbabl hat [h] am pa phanay c a be tr up a-mad n h am' mm- f many yea a hh a a I wuld a ay 'aleoat th t t h h am war t ml hh kehm? Sen hwe n th ag f jus prfariate plt ln the fae f dem. Th rli be hatve faa tt ecday v ec an t re tat ftnat dr' e a two i at mi n anher Ar a 1 el lf ayma, a of aydreamslabae o brty that r ti t s dahghts" Ad a knw i at ii gs in w eerent osatl lae its e aa nt t anas's

rigi, hs ayam wl dd y Fr a aymae fr

sujc, l wi fo i th sca h s up fom aetsan rana, les t famly ls ab isf ad m tfav sas, e m a tlf ta it wave t f te fbr-at atera of al hha a la aa t mane s tat kes fm ts an a a s w

Nw, e daea ale tO de ee ean sraps fxcm as hi , f hy apa to i te n o mma h l exn, h s d to tat a e f viual

rcio tha Laa ha h "bl o m asp o rpesenaio. t h phmeloal xe o omhi ng bhe hmelf an s tt u h -a-a o the e maf te sujt w he venta gpst tat appa t hmthe ii o h wn hy, hi w iit t tts h mnmae cnn t h r Whh s al t atsg i tatt eayade h wll t dniy as s" ar t a eeafer fa mmma a n ha v app a twe trmic f on him ar f t vy fac ta m .he a e il Fe a wl alwas ama eauei wl away a missd e, e f whc h was alas itro aly t lae

T taa et se ct wat Laa me all he

pues not xtt t l a extet loss as elfmta a oeg falln th Th ito au-

mas s m y t ua w wok theafte o rte tt

w a knwab thg aeng d a s o the oe

se of te gap the traa opened up in te ed of e issed ecnter. f l



e stcture of e tama, e is t ut tat it nitiates a compulsio

to repea but tha it inste e gap o e aua itsl-te ise

ecunteras the alwasarey occupied eang f tat pening na spaial eynd tha we k o as the eein caacer of vsin.Fo it is frm e ther side of the perceptual diie ta the signiewl come e ojec capable of staing fr what e sujec as os

t is this bjec ta the ild set out to d sppling iel wih a eless seies of sbsues hat esent hemses t it i the wold eyn

e gap

To te resevor r invtry of is series of sadins aca gives e

name amaton iae e qualy f ucannness ta suronds thedig of each f tese bje, e sese t nly anxet he ecnte

produces but ls its aa f appensace, an euter oe was not

prepared for a meetig ta aways one inis akes place y cace Bu tt term umt aso ndescores ieoail a order at rueis seies tha t creae te ogic f the stutins hat wil ake place

wthi it Te atmatn inaugurated te sie f ta gap f e misse

ecunr w bot mak at spot and atemp t l i produce frs gra ag f eaymades e stpgap presumed by e subjct to bee t te mease of is o esie.

In the esi perod folwig Lacan's sessi "c and uto

to e is aske why, scribig e frmto o ielgece p t age f ree fu, e sees o ave aadoned te oton f deve

mena staesrst ral, the anal en Oedipa-d t have ogieeytig aron e fear f casaon acas swe s: e fea

castraton s ie a threa at perforates a te staes of deeopmeientaes te reat ns ta ae aterior t its actua appearaewean

tile taing ec t yalies each f ese oent n a diaectic as as ts ceter a bad ecuter te ages are cnitet i i

accorace wit ter osibe egisan in te of ad encoune

ln another earer sema n the otio of bec t relain a viewrom witin a redia rctre e a spoke o te casative ta

of weanig "What appes he ass "when te te onger

spon t te solctaion f esire, we she rnds acrg to w wi? e becomes eal she eomes powef Al at ce accesbject s moie: e ojecs wi were pre a sipy obj

o saifactn are now ansme int gifs comng rom tis sourcepower. We witess short a reersal f positi rom beig syb

e mother beces rea ad oe beng al becme symol

Sus w w ts . W m s z m c jt w sutu s s t ss u ut u t s s gue t w ms s ts t mtmu o wtw m n t , st m u W l1 mus l sujt sst u w s t su stt suj s T m t us o kts , , s sumt t s As uc, "u oon s w oncw s t fnogure Bu t u, s m s s mo t w us s st t jct u tt j wc s uqu s, wc s fcn n lsu w m m s u

beng n thi harar of benging to m both pont o hml/y-this here "you n epoce sl eal-ne

tasparn au of u ycy i i ynr dl y h s f a



l/y- this here you n epoce sl eal-nerm mring a mplyg r- pr of own n A Kl Groups igon ppsg m s L Sms =

so he "gur f th img equals he n-groun f hs slffferentatin as ego ewrin n s wa:

sgou

trubHt m"

p ,c

X

I

s... .....

ot .tto(�tt){1f

the apparane of bet a psylylly onste fuiof separain begns o ugges cema wih whih e are fmlr

I oi oic o io c b conrc Kl rou a, ha am a o alo uor or h Sc cma a ko h bc o cocou i cr

o ob h Laca co o r obets or objc o ir)o ial a o d ocr a t obes a oub alo o lap o ixc xi o t o ubc go cour i r o a c oj h no h uconio o o b r Sm-boc locu o Or

L h Kl r l h t al p L Sc i p o ckl ruum i ow oic clr To i d i cho an og a a h uro ucr h L ma o lln pay nouc h ls daga tsl F h o t ru wn gkig pl rr a o

i o viui u ly n hbi o o l ha Laa wl lal "mogno Pran p acl n ii ea lay a no boh o o' n' a

ynr dl y h s f ay i a gle u o h u o cni. i cro rfor b oh m uo wh L Sc cr oic a. Coruc crcu rh a da L Sch c in oin b as p ou o Mapi i cicury o h tb h ct h L ch ii i io qniy n k u n r o h m v hrcr a ho n rc or

ul t e osibl to mo te Shma as the bass f mpp aualiy ha boh subtn an ubvrs the �el of meis iion ine am way that Lan snay rut eroes t ructuralsteaton from wihn? For f he mror rlation a it s gae in the hma ivs th ubet fom t unnsiou by rvng a weg ofoait u h nt of the grah i nntheles rue hate ubect is the effct of he unonciou r wha ns now o be aa ubt-efe

imiar wy he grah fn aumait vsuali woul w w tevaun gniiv ranan of th "vual a uh is no an ac nciounss ut he ff of what i rrese he ffet tha ofseialty repetton e atomatn Wi is o a i i funon fa

aeura n vision gp

elyr

vlssh

grrepet

g e et

hgur cnu arain ixiall reubl as u

those ars of ubes own b hat are ie1{e wit he extenalobe u ha exteal be i en tug i ve arereaing o epaaing tose pat-obes blonging o subect aremlal pat lot to the ubet an for ta an e are rinalong e axis of atratn e pl a he far en f hat ai he

{

poe f the gu he inveory al bu he objc ple up i ptelly ede res The ppeace o eh



objc ple up i ptelly ede res. The ppeace o eh hee ge, om behid he ae oh md ecue he d the oou and o h o pecep0� wi kehe be h pe ee h e e he

E 10 w , w

e sy dscpe the b sqe e -Lech (p 81)



Enst,L {on ris, 199 "Te mig-havbeImaclat Conc."

Thr obi allusn th part-objec: the bt, ye, the lly, he

wm . ( 1)

Mx La femmt 0tils, 2:". . h ord timemiS."

In ter r n tr i thr f lgs eove a1

mg we ze . . . p 82

tbis



M Ers, T Grdof Fc, !961

{tl avaar, pehas clthed kne s ad ssd ankls ofthe

nd . (p. 82)

For h gamb's pi is nh bu ha qui ak f h i

gu b h automat f chan.

r yo th die I tm v n y n (yc) w

my fon? Noing f10 h pnc f h hh mk f hum

lf pv b m mn mi1 h m f ma

h is ur ,-c,Saron "TPoieLne•

In sme o 1929 Ma Es wa spending a long vaai o a fa

n the Adhe T as h aimd t o oe of his bioaps,

ned to ed o sevea ws Wheth o no tis bd ad a headboad if so whete uld maogany o whee is conmet

occued, is pobably not impotan s was cconig wat

easily be spotted as his "ollag onditions : that foma ili

sat dam f h mast' dom o th sctve sa fftl

nolling owad its eadymad hiz. he fvish podti f few wks was the lage oe Fmme 10

T soy adsaps t ban saes e desne shooms id f lad diing a he wd o te noel ah prspcastd by an apaitio tat boh occpies a pat of t spa

locs ts bawad ecssio The apaiio is mos fqly a go

white pol t lasscaly daw ge o a wom somts nsometimes daped isetd wihin t css e of ligh ad shadow

ells of the banal soidity of h sunding pa. Sometms th app

iion s accoaid o eve sstited o, by a welik fom sgstig a tuing dis a rl tha i the secnd pat o f e novl rDhaps ocal mais o is otelefs wit tei ovios allsto h paojet bast t y te lly, h wob. the fo

lat of h boo h e th ls o te imacuate cnct's s

aing fo e h i, a ncay gap w hav o o ex

pens within te sa con. Hi

s maisd by te s two g, wite leg, es pesed toge, anls cossd emer

o th olik appaats to sies a maplain m

th shady o of i laaOy Th lg aed st ab

h tig d a p fac f h , a ti brvabl ripp fcth gturing ward t oit w h In t pu eir



i i thir afct lg cvn a iag w z. n i bfr i La brt wve it i h adiva" alat aub an w igh up, w wil ee agai: it al avaarprhap, t cltd n ad r f t u tat r wiUi fr Cabaal th o eus ad jut lw th rliurfac f hi wn Grde c

A a wh brd wtr t o nard' i i n pcaotet o te ue tt ct u a t i te wa it trur t

e. Eei fr th ox jut l th ha anng t tpnng te wal at abnn u� t l vii aradialy be c f a ad dy party ad, ot ft adging int e d f vi i a tif frt dcio had kig trg h widw i Oedpu Rt t a nd pdig t ybal tw th r th fRpt1 t and at wud gtu twad th vwr i t anyrin f opop PetsTh a wic t gur tpint ah alway apar bk, thry tablihng a

inat, v pral rdr cnncti etee e pac f te iaa ta f th viwr t rfr iprat t ote a ti gtur wi, f pitig wlcig i gtur i Ernt wrk tati dnraby radya Ov ad vr h lf t fr h pag

f L Nture whr th ha ta ra it th ag r a pot jtbynd i fra ar by ngagd n eoa pl prp

pyic r pefr agic trick r hwng t rain f cticu nd i etue w whic ietf wt alli i a tat o u a fra ad a ac r wat pffg, t t viwr ward Ernt i alway a if l in, c is alway ad t pac f ubton i alwaya c a l wtin wch tr nr th uan

ha E' bj a irduc ee e rprth ln pt

T and at gt twad fat tai a bd that h cidan ny rad a uiu a gu a y and nviddly r itf

Th ping gur i dicic it y yu But ar byd ha t ayyu ar, r y i." i t dub vrbal pryblic pting whh ar ni f h a pinat ike te Budi athta (t fa f g i) t t

1

H so1 . . (p. 82)



uEleci<aprimnt,CrrdOut on a Wlnt,"

La Natur{1891), p. 72

Oer and ove lis t om th pas of La Nue . ( 82)

MxErst Rpion(ver lage

T gtur of owg, pintng of comn . . (p 82)

cild biant scovy: T D, ! is decc arker i ndex opur ndivality is ction fo nfant, of h paroect



c (1887) p. 4.

. . hr 1 E' 0 ry (p 8

mo's ga1, e brs hr n

But lmos immil i bcos fnco of_h� uhth rel sencounrhe ecoun in so f s it my be sd fr s i isssntilly he msse enouner." cllig te ncoune wh e rele chc . fro e wr uh, Lc s sinc i is ncouer essenill missed e penomenon one i elg wi here isutc" or he spl. I is e brek i e el o vision or e brekwiin the low of lnguge or wich we col se he er i ic, e

sli beween e wo lines o poem h boh dvie he d couplestem Deicic n dsich Tey mos rhyme

Lcan' dicssion of vsin in Ie Fu mtl np PyA is ce n a scopic di trctred y te ditich, th rpur,he schi He cals he openng c Te Spl beween t Ey an thG t th whole of his accoun s calld T Gaz as j , ort ge as partobjct, e objct ta becus i ars the sbjct witt iniiutio of s eince is ost nntally th oje odsire Lacn wns o w lectic btwen eicic an isicbween poinig scn, eween this! n bsece

spce f oinng r of ei is e spce Ln erm geomtra," ely the pce of pespeie spce ha s ie ows ihis L� h l is ctll l spce pce msered by hesbt s toug he were recig o rsp i o plp i, rniggrs or its fon n sie mniplg i

n conrast to tis tacte visi i e spce of li, whch Lac czlig plsatile n tosperc srrond iuntes te iewerfrom bo bac n ont, so h fro sar ere is no questio ofmse. An n e cott o this spac of nos, h iwr sno he surveyor-ning at a poin ju ousi h pyraid of visionbut, cuh wihin e ons o lgt h is wha locks he ligh wtintrus i ow n nerrpon t iw inisbl o hmslfes e picure cree b is igt s a stin or bin so ow cs by h is race i cc a A ro hs plc

h sjec n ·al s epore o ew ca nith se himelf or se teorc of h ligh is posiion i one of dependenc on a ilmiatont boh mks im (te eicc) d esae is rp the ii _slluminaon ca cll he g I is r-obec operng wi

isntal ld vi, v uaal, f, i tapis plsg It s aa ta t gla f g Laa dlas, ic d i d li



ds , a a pit a s a n ad t mas ligt app aa a iidscn ta ls I s p gaz alasapt t igi o jl"

I n h pur a a a haow, ca b, mbly I g h wa

of h igh.And bau n h a o I an .h ph i od b, fI o it i hd o m b mak, a pahodr,a ucura ubu hi h aum<o h rad)•mad, h thgh gap boh pod ad hd bhn.Th wha mark h p

h opal ym h wha hugh o viib l appar

I

· -_{ •

h ha1d E' a . (p 82

Bliphil



- .

MultipicationEgs g Alber'sTrik" Nr 11

t h p (p 82)

Adon's L B a Sra" ( TeIa ofth Mdn in irn e Art, d Ivi He [ Yrk o 196, p 2)

Wn Ses he leai Est sola, u e oe ves a leg iMx Ernst:L s ges nvn cntrctns (Ps Gamard, 84 CuSe aims h Ess clge oe wee ever dessed ih b jnA; s eve oh pe al qu eer frm Bja Adoro dam fte pb f Un m1 bnt:

"ld lke t mt Max E

If y cu ogaze oetng you cld e of my lns" (. 1on e wl f maial, ess st ot a prtat cmno o mages dplyg vaio visl oe w Ernt ew fcles (pp 15 a wll a a op o pubished tt m s to Tz (pp 0-43 ad a daild dsrpto t see f th llat Tzara ue ( 81 )

Ce V , " Fmme tts by a rt (P.D. dseation e f Wt, 9 3 eads mm 00 t as Bilnsrmn; Gauer, Max Caeon e ea ot WlrRiz ] 9 {19 pat Un sem n rler wrk lieate; Walc Max Et' l ove: n mi nt rt jrn[p 98 dee ouh alhmy; We Spe M s s lp. 9 er Rmad S so v �. I f Drm a DesePt Nvels f M rs" ( En B•n Srrlsm d. Rnte [ew Yrk N Yrk Publ r and Ox iversiy ess 9Hitoire nturl esetially a poe vo sribin te o h w the evolto f life d ir tem ad mgey reec Ests coui rte ltae ooks aga f r scin a he had b ucs o l i clage h y 9" {p. 9 Mae elaewate chp n sme n ·O F Do case hsoy

ndr Breto eebes uak Erst clages s t e erspeve of Surealism" 91; rpted in elism n Pinn [e YHer a Ro 9] p hi efeece caloe ure a "radmf i e Max " 19 (in M Et eyn nti [New Yrk Wbr Scl] 1 rgn efeence dverseet fm ax n, pede lli," 9 ( Ls Aa es gs Pri: r, 196 9ac r f he vints fm 9 was the 914 K n mitent/ cu by D eue, M En hrttl" t n(log Klr Kutvrin 19 p 6

A of Ead laio t Es ae f : R Jua, amt mad l uar e Ma Es Mtifs t ur (Ps PF 19; haes \d m la" ren w (rr 9 DEr {Par Blln 19 Elie Foeel Ma EsPu Elrd, o

aten d dsr e s in une . 16 (19 pp Ari lutnni n un Pai be af, 1 eclds sow aas otogah a photoph de Gaa e tai aprefeuile e il morrait vtrs y vyait s dle qElad np e er voi mi da l" p 0 Pack Waleg M nst Jen-Jes uve, 198 ea f Elad eg r s his broher

m�nag tois in ainBic d Eabonn. I JenCar aa (aul Elar tI nture "te [a Do 1982) who e luad's pom ax Es as hmemoy a ea at u i th o stdo h anyis of t pom

h f d " h T

disco f hi i iios d deomilH s Max Enp ae avecRobet be O n - (uu 1969); hi appe at h aly poqd e ls" sacs i reo aues aon 'n d urrsme Paien 969) p 7 h ppaton q frm o os s s



conts the fouod n " to th ga o qt cins (p 54) Te tston of M Erns" ea

Dan u on lte agour t d Ia vignit dun ptit ob

an le c dvAu pt d ang lais b bachs

ns u o pl ir toe xn attnd s psson ise

Da Ia voitu de vur e tImmobl oiese p ju

Ia l d Ia eD ampe am d

La p mn n qe nt de nt r.

W tuns fm erar to h via e howr and invs amris n f h cere at pa Ents mu as aoh a oitrprtg Eua s f d un ," ths seem to oprt in h ga both Eas d Et oa nibte a m. Ern's o sens of thcons f an image hemsevs det o Chiro o the eveaion vwhn h sw how the Italian pt ud so wa th aic pocnim of cenalpt spcve ! i a loon i nd ng h dp pace of pic cinal d o on ling of ing ron ba o te sfa agai ahough try o ent a fug. h had ot mbad e mdslof bea ow he oppson b\v g and o, o having the nego,ye p o ome the anva ge" h had velod ctn kno sn ete o r ie aophosi. Er' t M apaed ns peren did h ovaintings h sn to B for e xhibin at

San Pimnd Frd · o pon th WnP 924 i e tndon ot Colt slogia or d ams Srachy dn Hogad Ittt f yhAnaysi v 19, p. 23

Fo h acround f r nci t pshoanasis, Wne Spis TRtn f L air MErnt - ( Y am 97 8an lb g Mx s hycny oure {n Ar M searP 9 89)

Ersts ow t pntd Bn aintng w o Witnbon 19 ctu a phbiraph: a pima sce paanoid aat to i ather a nrot atamn h itr, who c cony t be rd t h worFms e, a h) s ptbai m se" himl onne hepant Souveni deu h pesetaio f s he a wo p ) sgetga r to W M ru e o the to an nantiNoi {91 ) tandad Et. l 17 pp. a aay tslao o he cre e, se oy nt, M st: L Hom 'en

Sauon ringon Maze 1 May 9 pp 229; ad alcolm ax Est o nd th Reli ih, , March 1981pp 8-9.

Hl F h anald n aly wr ot in rlaon o prima fa nd hoia eng ou of which ss prupain i this e Ao o," Octro 56 (prg 91), ad vusv Iiy O . 5 (Sume 9.

en, 969) p 7 h ppaton q frm o os s spnt (Ps amo, 194)the b ay" gnly dt t Gaa Ead

W

Sp (M ms Loplp: Te Artst h hrd Prn [New York: GoreBa l r 1983], pp 103f.) ma e o btwn th Okar Pst rmad En' Infatjsus BingChasted; quot frm a 1934 xwitgofLnaro lbt vr oaxd o o dig n latr by a tudnt ofd (p 10 pi alo discs Ers ition w onard in erms of ap t b a g hi mbr h cng al a prjevsc. H do not, hoev, nsidr ann imag" mrgfm Fu' anai f oad Sund Fed "eonad Vi d a Mmoo Hs Chood (19! OJ SandrdEdin, vo. 11 pp 59-17) The pclo thah bid f w ptd etrospce ont a sto d m b h moa a brd isng hi in his cadle as add i a foono in 191 ha 2). Fpented the a and ctin f e screen m i 1899 Scrn mries tana Eon vo. 3, pp. 122

E ses of the r a n ynd anng, 9-; h ot Bon onrd' n p. 11 an elts ti o von ttag, p 1

res euion nd Dm, his anayis o nn adva was rie in 196n Editn,_

v. 9 p p. 3-9 abt pos ot at te adva oyIS alad pe n f h i hrs Lg x Et p 107Wr Sp analz ation etn n he Frst W and Delon nDram U pou d e" (n a !ar eaiseintr ai: etGo mpou, 1982] pp. 66-6)

or e lss of sonday revs Sigm ed T nterttin fm tr ae Srah N ork Av ia, 196 p 6 hr h pakf th readade faasy pp. 5353) and eadmade exs of amut p 3.

a aPh and B oal a ad th Oin of ali e nrnaolJal Phols 4 1968 pp 1011

acq La ur ndmen onts yhoAnysis tran Ala SidanN rk: Noo 7 7 r h pn ou th bogo aspc of prpt (p 8 1 pa of te ay nnr wth h x as a mie enotrih too e o o a ; o h bjt as smh falle frm hbdy (p ) ; trs th hnce nure of the eno (p 5; aaz e aumatoad it ssittio p. 67 and a qu abot cran iading a ae delpmnt p . again seas f eanig and bjec laos rlan d'obj et tte fien Btin d hoo 10 n. 7 pl195,

Jo usse, M Ern: n rk Ne ok Aam 97), . 19, es h r ain t olle o tt ne ptqe cae) pouces varou eamps of Et se of hands dong maic

e emsn, da fo Nte: ee for epl L n(92 ad the ultipicaion " demoraon fom L ar p -55 nlo: e At in t i Prson Sp rat th impe of had fr t h fa ha h a daf ad d n an w hfo p na



Ve e nd dd eng e wth e neede or he

o. I tlked egotly, exced but w ai dout

Sdden the doo opened nd ng nd i1ie ge of M. Ltto

he tod on the thhod He ond h {ge t on

Vne' whe d ee?he d.

Cn 0e a it? toght d we brt t ghg

Wo

_

Smtie ch r Duchp oi, hih migh srrisi ud roly pi hr prll hing

Mrel a o , o Y Go i iti, h lly rc ch in chp nrri re ls

in i ppr v h o o g xirlice

Moll fe uh as be fd i h eri Tey h w her aong hm i grdeoo prir hioul xci, t be ried u n id f dp medrin t th dpon ne erlir bSddenl hr

eopn efre he is

ee o loo

te biu: o o o ginde en id nd

h u h o o bi gs rinls



tomation o sing d ui tee i on in t dm ah kn t o a il of l ad a ed o lookon tn th os o hs nn o on o ela iu



at g th on tng iltly tns os gla?

And wee we k Cement Geeneg abu hs wn descpon of thek, '' he ok ha ar slis, he k that he medum the nan eween vewer and wrk? The me ht ok s mpan hems, euse t must e me annhaed. "Wh mny pntngs ndpees of suptue he has ssed " s as f you had o ach hem supe n ode gasp hem s whes-he maxmum beng paked

nt he nstananeous shock f sgh hees yu pn yuself oomy befre okng at a pu nd hen gz a o ong ou eey end by havng meely gae lny bk t y u

undesand works f o p them whoes he nnof eeon whe very esnce s ha ltncenes mpy uspendsthe mp dmensn nd when me hs n been hu spendedrecnged n h wa nt s wn negn then th jec f hege ht uns between ewe 1 pnng bens ck he dmennof ea me nd e pace e vewe dscoe h he she ha dyth suppot h ge od wh fee hat hu ack h achesnd ht the pcue so emded, s poly l so h s me ca dsratng shdow e ts suface no w peeed as wh too muchvarnsh Wha Cem efes he ul menng o pue-.e ts

aeshe ac dans u ths stuaon eoae s n the all e nd he esu ha nsead f geneang an eshec fac hepue nw reed smply euns he ook merely gang "lankl k yu

I s h lape n he dumbly physcal ha mus e avded hepes f lokng a pe heree "ann be nalyzed n s-

ree sequenal mmens bu nly, f at al no lol momens (houghlg s suh hs vey e t d wh he epeene f )

nd wht des k ke he wrk of as eah wd he "gmmen

Yu suggesn tnge s mght sm s dwn om he wd f

neectul kch ou pn the pl dagm o those wedttempt t ch he nne dynmc a wk as n tha peua boky Ee Lan clled Czan Coposions

Marcel Duhmp, ("Moglfr Bln

few fhe dk h nne hlke y p. 96



Mar OchatGdfs)

Whe! tumig appad o cup h lttl swr whn an pheral,

tnpn b ( 9

Duchamp,Rool/("Chin<e

A bt t t tebng p. 96)



And o ach h own dgram. The struurlst wee n love wih heKlen Croup e n ove Who can fal to b chrmed b t ttle moofdoubl neaives poducng ll he eion h-whn nve1·e ofp bli ? S h l h t k h fhe h



posbli? Suure hmel howeer, tok he me fhess hsfavore modl It w h "mge o nguge's truure u ree omhe re i f t evoutO ht; ws hs mhne or produnh gc momen game f hes he ean, s lke n iilzon owha nuage ofer in nurl om

here on he rid o the hessbord eh ece a vaue that s notnin ( nh o oo n m n ny fom n maera, an b

ubtitud for, een, b nothe e neess) nsead ts vlue dervem em o ootns beween s sitn and that o all othere on h ord hee alues r furhr ved n th pec • nbuel ivible nve1tin he e o rule ha exts beore gamebens nd psists e eh move nce each mve hnes he betwe1 he s n a new ernce b podun a new e oopoions an moment in the gme a new nchron rei Bu eahsnchronous sdisad on th board dnct piureutel docaed from the me hor, foded n the embe ofmean on beause he w reoate hrough it reent e o eaionLten to ausure:

n me o he n arilr oon ha the unquehrtei o bein reed rom ntecedent poon

he oe u ed n riving he mak boute n dierene one wh hs foowed the ete mth h nodvnte o he urou p who me up crtlmoment nspe the s he gm o deribe hanemen it is erfe useles o eal wha hd jsthppened n eond rvos

nd t te th bak no he inustc rlit ussu intends i o demnrt he dd ll hi ual pplb to angue nd shrpenhe rdc dncion beween dchron nd hron kn opes onl on nuete nd the chane th ntervene beweente have n place in ethr e

he hebord the ches iee, the pte al prticiate in o

h re s wre en o tha logc ontivel vnied b i nt tr b ou blnkl he i�er, eed obe of

mre phial ge e are whl " or he ube, ube who

Lr

Yu ggesi e a it ht is dw the wd fnelletl kits p 98

sw up into is lation t a� ntnton to man wo s t nton of

a gaz tat gasps ti manng n no m at ll a ga tat n ti logicalmomnt as oml tan1dd t subjct' od o t ga

"pntua tm and spa rcd to t tnst of pi.



ErlLn,d fmCc'sCmoitins.

he val diagram fthe pt plttd ns o a yntu . . {p 103)

p p o of p

Ducamp to, was a fanti of chs. Yet an t be ad of m tat wa lk Cm a ampion of t dmodd loo?

Fais do

'Cols mon pt e;

Fa Taur u llo

Mmn t n hu,Qz fit d1 gat

Papa t e ,

Q ft du lt

-Frenchulaby

Momm as is litle son from the rer pt i pstais, bag ack; d Daddy i dowsairs main ome ooa. t a topr r-

rgmn hat wold ave ausd am had he own it, mapiga it oes h diiton of hs own Lr l: ride aoe ad Baceors-rndin eir hoclate-below Ad idee hee s o reas hwu n ha ow t bein, as it is, the most popla f hldensullaies n Fra

No one s ioi a ore hee, howr aother key t add to atlog session o iconograph sstems that r now ioed i ode

ulock the main of h ass uhamp schars ae od o images

ake fom almy r opatnsm, ons in whch the Bride s also te oud ur nd t ahelos dow These ig r drawn osysms o thoht tha will ao a hihe orr o meaig to om as

t wr, to rdeem he Glas to prge t of erey caral cono

r rais it to a lofte re coepual de If the Bde is strippd bythe Baheos it s n orde t e ritualy leane tased slate.

Its , o or, a lllay iplaying he progam f hat

mec mhin lari wd h bays pies porray a wo

y ess systmac h tt vris eaphysia orers o o

brought t e t's js hat he se togh whh he og operatesto geeat t parclar meaigued honeme le dodo or "ed

ad o for mlae uh os to bjectorld of hebd fo

ich ey prag: lke fo eample Caca, of core, doe o ap pear e ong excep by mplcan nd h i becase he lllab, in ivery ac o prjecting s milk and ce coclae nt he rhymf seep, seems smbe vr i n me ad rippng pem



p, pp g pbrea n h ne orde rgh hic bdy cn eclaim ad esceee obecs F s al le by dirbing he vesylale rhm he additi o a si h sggessa the dge f cscusssa subi

rderg hat wld rsore h sg's mric enss ad hreby e

cosie he lw rguariy of brea s Qui fa d chclais o g ad ms be ried past by ingr as ll as ise; qu fait

d caca is bo a me lie t ad ra mr poin.

M h pnt r a camp o enamrd o bdys eceisprdced r afer or i h hoo He magd a asfom fo

exmple that wuld make u f lile b f aed rgy c as hfal of urine ad ecreme, r "he spl of ears o again h ordia

spg f mucs o bood

Of cue i mus be admied tha s Dchamp, he Duchamp f o

n, ad Obiet d'ard, a d ha aays ee caeflysegegated frm e deacedy creba ucamp, te oe who gae p

paiig for ches e o e who rea vth-cury eaies n

pspecie at he Se Geevive libary ad wld s noe a abactar ecause i appeald merey to he retia an o to he gray maer

In nteriew after neriew ucamp mad staems dcing his

iti.

T Pierr aban or eample, e chaacized is aiude as atire-

al" ad trefr oppsed a preoccupain w "isual lnguag,

pe itead t maters a ar "coceptual I alkng o ors sio eteen rea ad cocepa, or te ol of meial ensaio ad te world of idea, would aga be decbed a an opobewee e ea an he gray mae e compared hmef n h repec

o aiss f e Reasace sayg a aong hem e felt ha pre

paiig is ntereing i self a an ed or m e said, h e goali someig else i s a cmbinati r a east a eprssion hat oly

gay matr can ucceed in reeing

gay matr is wha is most frbl a sta in the game of css a

pely cocpa neacon, o of va "incident Ad Dchamppas o ces eefe seen a al a iece th his saed redi-

lei for the ccepa

BTnylor

T e e be ve n vn hn

t w n th gmt unnng ofh yem . p

Gray aer s aso bend te aheaial peratis hat ndergidwat Raissa efered to as t e legitat cstrcio ad wcal peptive pojei: tha perely rationaized aic of ogaitcay ev mr osy saed ins that spin t wodisioal srfa



MarceDuhamp, Em h: J0 ce'u, 2°l g da. 945-66 xorvie.

Ad f opa mahi hgh whch i mpsib ot t e . . (p. 11)

y y pint a web f ita theedimensioait Dcamp's rpatd fcst gay mat ha thre basted a traditio f ireain whi isali n uamps trs is undrstd as a odiion of intelle, f diagamma asy f a eality dsicaated nt what asee ald e "prely ideal status of psptiv ag And indeederspective s tougt t be a e ad t sa tim ie throuhwhich paiting s reade it a nl ad e hisia mediu

tat lks ua to bot past ad u I is him a s t afaiy hat xtends rm Lonard to Seurat b wa f ermr en

wie i ens m t t fuur f ta pety daioa spaenown as te futh dimesin

Yet or a ose viwe of ap' wo who hae ever focused oits utin f h diins of bscity o is obvious conecting oft mnal o t analas s noius rek "T wa to grasthis wth ind he way e penis is grasped by e agina isostat eig f the bodil ids b ans f an faniied oralaiey its ldgig te et of isuaiy riht at hat d btwbdy ad world wr ea sees o oud t other-as w edesibes th Bk as soeting tat oe dosn't v ok at "tae looks at en urnan Ia for tis part of ucaps adi

e desti f isi as da sems pecuiar inded Fr oe wd av be dest his itrpreie oio of lasscal rsct o of ts nl act o shotiit that cnt-fogd agai ad gai Dua's wordby which visio s dsaby hoked o teecaisms f desr?

d cha p all f tis mly eal i te seiais he eftin 196 fr assembig Eant nn, s aborate postumus work Fortrugut tse ags f instuons f w o set up ad ligh th itlediama o wi e ad wored frm 14 to te of his dath esistety r beder who wil be posiioned at e iwigi of e peath pephols dld into e asseblags rsicdooby a vy epici ter. Veur he says Not viewr Voyu

It is ars chapte n T Look tat iadvnt of os ells usquit a t aut Dcamp's yr Fr er is assae wh

rtre aresed i rot o do st ie ha's ariian hen deits imsel oise t eyhole tt has eoe otht trasre veile or his e to eerate a eyole hat as he ys give t e oke throh ose y ad itte o oe sde. And

Eai hat oial mahe Jeara<os Lyotard shws s ow aoe ad the sae tie i is sed on the syse of assical ersetiea s iiosly a wo to ay are tat syste's ie asstonsFor in the dnn l he eleets of eetive are in pl t



g yif i this position hhed a d eerin ae o oe "fo iself

ec se his onsiosess leaps o eyod m oward he stl seenspeae ain ae ed te as ye ehe d oay f the ooYet in hs sceario as we ow wa e ex i o te e fthe setale t he iteio o e ct or the so f foostepses ta he aze o soeoe else s tae hi o y srrisead ro eid.

It i as s iioe oec tis ody et ove the eyhoe this crnaein red te seahlit of the Ohes ze tha Sarte hiens a ojet hs otsier his w eyes. Fo tis osiioe s loe pe et ietiliy eamed w is o tedos f sde t rter simly as ody ah o h de e haseome sef ta eists o the eve of l other ojets of te world aself at has sdey eoe o ae to hs ow osiosness a se hate hereore ano n l a ef that or ha eso s ohi pre eferee to the Ote d it s se that i dene y shamet s shame " are writes wih ees to e he her's o adysef at te ed of tha ok It s te she wh es me vo n te sition o eg looke t.

To e ivee at the eyole is, ths to e dsovere s a ody i ike e sato gie osiosness ile he hithe saeo te dor ad o mke e viewi ody je f sioeAs o what d of oje ae ees ths oy in eio the tee osciosess of he oe wo disoves i and i whose loo heeases toal to mster his world As r imsef this heed calje oes as te tet of nsosess he ci f same

Te voyer ha D ea 19 o reare f s is o thesame d iffe He or se too is ositioed at te eehole ene-trti he door o he asslae n nn all attetion fosedthroh t� fein o he aze toward te wig dsly Bt ohn his se bek he iit f the zes oei t ts oect oriterpts te stsaio of is desre. Hig gt he peeoe fn dn Dchap's iewe has in ac etered a id f otlie hro wh i i imposle o

p a strely ter wy The roe of he iture rfe th slies hroe visal pyrid of clssial erspeive is ye f eape y ari wl with he ossilit ofgo th i ormaly a fnt ioral lsion ow mter of ierly rei dow the arier toroe a raed open Ad he viewi h pos whoseorl sats s imate deives fo thei odtio s eoetri ts,hese oi e sily e Fo the vanish int or oa of

vison is mafesed y he k iei of oly ore e opticalypeeale cviy of the eegle rde" hysi ther tha aeoeta lii o he reah of visi A the wig ot kewsea hle: tick ilegt mael.

ds will e spear Ly wite referr y tis t eway esetive s onsred od he theoretial ieiy etweeviewi t ad ig oit eity write no he eoetrldeins of e syse i orde o sere te ae o the etia sa io f te mge roaae ff the ojec y the rays of liht Thelane of te reah Lyotad otes wil e tat of itre ttwil iterset the a pyas hav fr her sts he ewg reehoes h ype of orizaion e ewit ad he vishiot e syercl Ts if i tre at the aer is the vva this is

he selar imae the ee eye s sch a whe hese thi theyesee he vlva, they see heselves Cn ce q v, Lyoard coldes e wh sees is a "

t l o e leare w ts viewer t a at's rade ofdetiatio wit wat he sees s speied y Dca as essenilyl B t shold e ovios as wel that Dchaps vye s asoie artre a his eyholea rey to the iervetio of he Other ForDha eavi noi to his ol dy Ce wile that thesene o Ea n e se wthi a se wic is sy wthi aoily l spae. An ts means that he seaio e voyerh y aother i te very idst of tai is pleasre is eve fa rosiosess as oe les the eehoes of Dham's costcto do-

y eoe ody aware ha is reard is dow

W t ad he e o ea ro he ir al to thewholy sjetive oe deai taste a io a je srie o

op, e oethles prrvd h pblc dion o f h jviyy drg a uh dgm ar arily goall uvaLT ry o h y ar ommnal, al, fo fwh old oly lld h "ral vo Ahc xp'



par dvrd fro h o dir had py o arfo o h poly of va cocail. I o ly Ka ay th Sod Mom o h alyc f h Bafu ha

o koldgd i h d of a abou h rpao of

h o Douly prdoal he p of flar ovd a plau darad ca hou dr ad a pur

dvdualy a a oly a y aum a of or.

h pa of o o h uivaly of laag of ar

d of our o ho of ahc d

oa ig i ra uu ha par of h dlopmt o- ad ny cuu a o add orud ad ard pac of a o h a

odd poliy o dvdl forg a coyY y of h u ha Ednn r oly o drpy g ag Fo rad y dco o h pr of afo v h ply ogv t of Ka ahi pr rdd h a h ut o dr ad viy lf

ak fo faly of ogo ad rrid i h l ody

o t o o h r hoo p ha gladulr y

hat a ohg o do th h pal oo ad vryh o do h cro of ad o far r noio of rdg t phyal ad h al aflly rvd auooy of

h l op ha ha Dhp ho

l apr o vio a aa o ad ough. Co ahy ay celu qu vit

Why, she hd sometimes ndeed wee there so y many phgaphohm pying hes? here he uld be s extrdiny pole braeted b the drk kgond f the hbey, lening ver t or grden table, h bw furowed facng offagnt an aderay ho lehmel uld een loomin oer te ttle prtabe che t But tnhes as prt of wht one remmerd about hm his intene tkngut t that tpaties fr example you sddenly (o1d yourelf tndngnext te reple deep n a nveat t m bot hss Here Clve el ut ypal day drin a vit y him Clton h 1templt the hytm f Roger rys smingly nxaul en-

•

•

of f Jean·Fra�ois ND

'Te do wi spr (. 113)

erg: bak n tme fran eal tea o that he can dag Vanesa andDncn to Wlmngton to pnt lndscpe; ater dnner jut un though w of Mllrm's poems, which h s transltng wod o wd ntwhat he s pesed to consder l1k ; edme-Oh st time f a



p 13

game o hes, Julan

An her Aunt Virgza ha d als mae a cnsieable plce for ches n hegaphy f remembeng how he ha tranmied h ntion f the-mpon Fo to thoe young people he ngelcas own genert mn of Mlrm on the n hnd nd chess on he the "Hewuld make them help ton Mal/an he wrote, "he would rgu(r hors on end with terri Qu upui d inu hone and h wuld play che and thrugh plaing h ng them tundertd h view n aesthetics . The aethetc iew that were the elnhpn fBlmsb

Whh s why the ide h h eae a h h though i fanaticBun hd often spken f how he two f hm d wth Rr

oe mh the stronge s that "he ually beat me faly eiy u I made a unexpetely god moe whih put hm n dultie Rgewold always t t nd a way f lterng the core f the game. Hewould pck up one o m pieces, sa an exptn f wt l might hedone, and pu the pee k on the wong square. nd to undorhow biae t seemed he oud onde, / was nvr ute ure how rhe ws we that he heaed t hess

Wth me it was it diffeent she thought t nt mh a he rememered thoe rre tmes when an inpe mve f h woul pt theutome momnt n dubt h I don thnk t was wie t Fry �ould a etter go there wth you knigh ndhat she siled uey s she hoght f the dsaa that nevitabyllowed ud d the tck

hat he heatd at h the mre peculi in at it wa hughthei ene f the utter hones of h aount h expene hi ealt reprt n what he id nt eel tha he held hs huge audences theQueen ll o mp rp N mater h the wo on the scenmght b ggg o t kndhe d ud-dn Th were wathing he greet at tc f h or any age

in the ct of retng, f alowing to wel up wthn hm n that moment e wave f aesthet emotin "He aded on the ur f hmoment says irgna Wol what he had jst een a f fr the rt

tme hat, pehaps, ws the eret f his hold ve his audiene. heyuld ee the etin trke nd frm; he ould ly be the ver momentof peceptin. S wth paue and spurt the world f pritual realityemeged n lde sln Pousin in hardin, n Rembandt, inCzan in it uplnd and it ld ll cnnected all smehw made

begn to be s sessed nd tand ot o lel om the est tht he eethem fr more distntl than he did at st

his wht he nted hes to mol he thought, the uely dintert d di t d p i f th ti t "



1<

t

Czan-in it uplnd and it ld, ll cnnected all smehw madewhle nd entie, upn the great sreen n the Quee' Hll

But t ome junctue the long pontertemlng lke the antenn fsme maulusl 1itve inet t ettled n he paintng bef hmn thi that rhythmcl phse"would ecme gd stll And hewuld, fed with a late zanne andpe pek f h aementnfesng that t went eyond any nlys he could make uddenly

the lectue wuld imply tp And s the uden that hd ust penttw hours lking at pctues left the hll the most vid ptue thtwld emn in mn mind wld e one f whih the leuer himelfw unnuthe utlne of the mn agnst the creen n seticgue in eenig de wh paused and pneed an then ed hi td pnted Tht was pture Vrginia Wolf muses that wldremain in memr tgether with the et rough sketh that wuld erveman f the audence in yeas to me a the potait of great rti man f pfund enblty t f eting hnety wh when esnculd penetrate n ther ke f{ but was cnvnced and ninedthe tht what he sw was thee

And what he aw the was pat, he was t explain pattern fg

the ceative look that arts psse as th cn the chatic rubblef din apperne and, though an exodna ct f eletveseeng mnage t extact a see f intea, f hmnc reatonshipete drks and lighs, n inin f tht ganic ntermehing twhch uld be xed the te unity. ht thi lok entil at neand the me time utter detahment from he bet themeles-theirmenng the woth thei mal alue (so muh for Mr ukin!)ndcomplete psion out the mpliatins of fm lmot n turn f thekaleidope f natue ma et up in the att this detached and impned vn " Fr lte wote and as he contemplates the patulael f sion, the aesthetly hati and de nutn of

form nd begin t ytale nt a hmny and as this hmoneme le t the tist hi tual n eme ditrted y theemphasi f the rhthm whh had been et up wthn him. etan reatinf diectin f lne eme fr hm ll f mening; he apprehend themn lnge ul mel ul u pnatl nd the lne

ested, disnarnted pasin of the tists vsn"

Wen ytrd spaks o the cunsns f Ducamp's mode of isionh is stcg it of ourse to all ts idlsts wo wan to Duchampswo int mtphsis Among thm te at strians with her ccp shmas bui on e idgammtic foundaion of cenalponpspece. Te poit to the tnsprec of the Lage Glas: s rnspanh declare-as houg to e consosness ht tins .

nd hy poin to th insstnc of te lassical perspc hogh wiht Gla oects ar prjeed.

Balls, sas Lyord qong uchamp.

Te saly cmp poposes e sys is cnl no cneptu Itviews e ody s pschpysiological ssem Using as poof uchmpssement tha t Gla is inended to isoa h sign of ccordanceeween stte s an sris of possibl fcs yod says, Nowhe Glss is idd this isoatd sign is immb ss sface (heretin) ont wich t dirs as of t cn me e inscibaccrding to t pssibiitie scrpls cosn b hamp and sctat e iew wil liteally a noting to see if e isegards hem"And, going en further tn is Loard haacteizes he Glas s disply, no of te fcs of the e bu of the phslocal sfaces ontowic ey a eis No onl in ut also corex Wat iw ss on h Gl conclds is he and een he rain inte press of fomng ts objs; ses h mages of tee imprntngthe tina and e crtx accoding e aws o deformaton t reneent o each nd tat gan e screen o gss Te Lage Glsbeg te lm makes visibl te condiions of imprssion a eign a einteio o te optic chamb"

An, inded her is no wa o evidence on he Glas itslf ta t muse see as sufc of imesson. Fo mny of h signs i bes reorganizd s tcs, deposted tee like foopins e in san o h nght i lasss lev on tas. Ty ar imprnts r tn mge,

sikin a rcptv sface-lik ha o nvos tss: Sieves wi t sid f e Oculis Witnss w ei ibon of miro 'te rt Pistons wit ei ndy dormed ontors

Lyotard would, fat, e a by all those atrs of he Glass onold ow h a aude te nurophsioloy o te opti track Tsies, for example, ho i e ilnati as s poesd arerfer o in Ducamp' writin a coe" a h is epliit hat it i te laby tie passae t tese oes tat a tasfoatin of



n te labyrtie passae t tese oes tat a tasfoatin ofe a ak Fo wat he cals he spales of the luiata-whih iht b iterete hee a lit i t for a a pulonfo te ible bad f te lectomaetc setr ttin e reinaled-these pales et tahtee o" as they oe toh hesieves; an due o tis saitei hey lose teir sne o p aown t was his ve factat e mae tia is inerte it

respect to ealit top a it an letat soo or te larepole fan te ieteentety opts aely how ioraioets o eye to ban te hear of ths iqury ito vision was theprolem f just ow t (eoetrial) optial ispla fose y the leso he eye ono the etna is tansfo o a etrely iferet orer ofsinal. o it s no a pct" at oes o the i eroloial ctersIt is aote om of foao throg hih t ody' a orietatoo t orl is sthese. hap' wors pla ot lliatas a seves or wat he alls te labt h de) wiithe l of ti prol Te spales azed y ti prosie turnin,e wie iperply ose tr dsn of let, riht upow e, lose heir awarees o potio Bt relatio to thi loss,Duap a qualiation pll or, as he rei hmslf,they wil it aai late ha late en sese of te leel of

cotical sytis

Othe tems of te uopial yste an as et i rato to teG. Eleticity te o o te boys ere ias is contiuallyioed by he otes descib te acelo Apaats Bu en oreepliitly in e ae rawin Co/ s wher Dap etrs o tG, we a sown a telerap pole o te rt ooke p to theapparaus itslf eerapy avi see as a sfu aaloy i nithetuy ssis of nre tasssion as i Helmoltz's emark: Thenerv e ave een ote opare with tleraphc wirs traers aoty ad te opariso i wll tted to ilurate is strikin apora peuarity of he oe o atio"

Lyota s ear owee ao te fuisss o s pysioloialopti as a ky" to lck te ystee of e Cl h os tran

seental siie ucoee at lat We could he ai, o ulpy te sypto tro wi e Lg Ga sares

Mari�em$l s Glb, mCt(ugnd). 1

The are Gla bing h m mak vi he d fmtt rn n f pc cb" . p

o o i' unrag o isio. Bu o usite s euyy f an o hos hr s te ae emy, r t a couly lo o cueet a pe gra r ue ena1 g-oet e a av b pp a a ereeut uap



he ne have n pad gaph

ri a c (p 2

MarclC 1

oete a av b pp a a ereeut uap w, ae T ntra It te n e wa

srss nt e te pertene olgial a w wn ca kg ud nt upie

Lyota i iht of use h whole of Preision Optis that Duchamp

wnt on to bac-he o an the Rar Deee but also

troopy an anagl)phy a wel a the pure xrcie in imulanou

ontat of Cou oln o thi eache bak into th prmntal

nd theoetial tuat0 f the pyhphloy of viin Bt h

hee the art hitoian will t tak th n

all ndd-thy ll an1· qotn Dchamp. Th man Dhap

ha lway ehntly jcte th "tnal hapin nct on "rtna

paztn An what ol tnal pann b if not h pcc trn that

pantin too n the 87 th ip of th dcov ofHlholt and

Chevrel, the o polat by hal Blanc and dn Roo?

Inde, Duhamp h a alay be1 cla hat h ha mpron in

mind a a pre xample ofthe rtinal Snc th adnt of mpression

i he plained sual pouton top at th rna pron

faus, bsm asaton ts alw a ate rtl painting. Thi

phyical pecupations: he eation o color, etc put the ration of

th ay aer in the ackround h on't apply to al the protago

n ofthe oveent etan hm have pased eyond the ena

h at et f surealm s to have tied to d tself of nal at

facton of the arest at the etna.' I dont want mply that t s necesa

to rntroce andte int aintin, Duhamp then cautons Somemn li Seurat r like Mndian were not rtinalt, en n whlly

mn to b o.

Dchamp' atack on th whol yt of th iual a that i pt nto

plac by mana dnmth lne that mo from poni

to taco y way of ubmha t io thn "k Sat o

l Monan F o h they ar not retnalit hough euat'

the mot aga1�t of the applcation the pnpes of modeoptc t pantng S o Duhamps eecton wa not siply a wholsal

condenation of all toe aspct cinc that moensm had thought

t appropriate Rather wha h objt o is he art a Ia rie the

spping f the analc proess a th rea, the mkng of th inerctioewee he nerve ndngstheir coordinated stimuatn and nn

ton- nd of slf-suiet r auto1omous ream of tiy Wthin thedeepmen of modes paining e conseqene f this anlyss ws

it inter og , fa foeer deies he de of viion ransparnc t its Ited of h rren thre ow rie e deni

and opai o e viewng sujet a e ve peodo of hs e

o sgh



deepmen of modes paining e conseqene f this anlyss wsthe reion of he rtin sue nd the convtion that y nowingthe lws of its intete relaonships, one possesse the lgothm ofsigh The mapping of th retnal eld onto the mdeist pioil pne,

ih the pstis epetion ha the ws of he one wuld legislate and

underwrite h auonm f the operatns of h ohr, s ypil of thform in which high modesm stalsh an hen ftshized auton

omus realm f he visu

his i he lgc w hear for xample, Dlaunay's asserons ha haws of simulneous ontr hn h e an he lws of pining aoe h same Clor h fruenl elare, cors wth thir lw

hr r heir slow vibron n relaion to th s or extraasolos heir erval. Al hs relaion fo th fund4o f a pnngtha s no nger imatie bu rat through the echniue itsel ha

makes hs posil he woul rerate s scinica wrugh understang f "imulanou cntrat [of he] cretn of prfundit

mean of omplmenar an dsonant olors whih ge olumedrion . . o reat, h nss "is to prouce new unities wih he

help of nw ws.

t ws the ide of th elfsucny and th osed ogi of his nwycoeived retn-pictril surfac tha gave a prgam to eary pinng such as Deunays an a coherence o muh modeist theo

I is ths lo hat refuss o "go eyond the rena o the gr materd is to hs resal ha Duchamp oe

Bu gr maerand here Loard ra has o isisthough uduedl e to he erer oe, dos no eeb ivoke dieoid at of ognion or rflecio does o popose rase-detl o lon o i sesor eld The cerebal or s o aboe

od an del or idaed remove; is ined of he bod suh

tha elex c of wi t s pa oets i o a woe el o imitwee w ch i cno dis ingsh hese tu m ce rom oideh o as the cse of norml percepon the also ep

nl ging ise fo emple o wt oehe eebted a psioog olo o tose esaio o vo h ae gnad enrly

t viwers od The prodto of so imulio rom withi

bod's ow eld he opca ssm's porouss o he opraons of

uchamp v1 of h gra rtht p at xist bod ther�ina-anno be parad from othr kids of organic aciviy withih phsica od For o o so ould lve oe, for xaple ith o of nepring he visal acivit pjcted \hi e domain of heBrde i e uppr hal f h Large Glass. Duchap descrbs he Brds loomg-hi is o sa h ogasmc v oard ich he oe ehanism of he ss i aboigs llipse ith wo fo

lipsthog wh te iiy o h Bchlor Machin conns o a ofthe Bide. I o dong h sms o b dcbing ha nrophsiolog cll ree s, hih simation of snso cpors ransfrred to te i The rs of h foci hch h dsgntes as the srippig bte Bchlor, seem t reae o e percepal par o he ac he s mpp: he rde is a he achlors see B he seod fos he Bride vori imagned losoi" as she faasizes he Bheorslook, onet te reex c of this lps o a soue o he impule o b found in the orgn o he de, a ogan t Dmp y "iacived b he love goine sereion of he de's se ld nd by he electric sparks o f th tppng."

If h mchaim of he Lare la obe Dump dtum of goi

beod" h ria i doe o ot to hie th cndition of viio'rsparec to itlfhih suggesed b he model of lssial pespcive when applid o th Gbut ther, quite ovioul, o rive

a he rehold of dirio whih i o o onstru vison iefin he pac of h organs d he inviiiliy o he unonso.

1 eit a pt ev t sta rm h a hia-Jms Schy

he lns in Bloomsbur wre larl wn Sphn Spr lain.No rea h Frnh mprssiis Po-Impresinis pars arosn n t e an agnosic n n ol a iberal wth oci

enngs wa o p oneself ots Bloomsbu.ut Kene makes i lar n h ow aou Blombu ha ag-nosti or no, wha grpped hm al wih nexplcable intensiy wa none-thlss a kind ofr

lig

io n

.

The religion ws acnwlege a Moorism, by



lnsi. Psson Srousne It w a in h evic of he copyui eion

-Ofhe copee aoen motin

A ik th f f th " ig h B b



An ik oth fo o fath, "nowig h . Boba to a m o di n f on' ow xpn; i

ws quto o uzb ttn h wu f no en

ou on be oi wih pppte iion Th on ene os teouo Coiion n o i tns fope be

of ob an to aston ofniby Mooe t ths wa st oth etho-i ns es wit s o i�

Do u rly thn h, d xpo o i o h suh thn u h t of won en o imc

h y h srys th i spac f xpic ana lyzg it in isrioly ifnit pts is y o o svnhcty is-tly an h priu ppras tht ws rqtly usd s itsl: h r osc Bin iht thh pih into dr- fsg tha l o th wll psi h obscurllow th bsvrwhr ws Nw or is Opic o sctso Dopi iw h plan as smthig dpdn hisow powrs f snhsis sohi ha h as a dch sbc oldrf obsr. t ws u o hs srl sncn bw plao ocs ad bsvig sj h car osur c fios a mo fr th cssic" sjc of kwlg Richr Rry fp aarz h Dsrs Locks s o his odl s f "h cpin of hu i as a nr spa in wichbh pis a l d disinc ids pssd n ri bfr n Ey h o ws h in of sil n spc i which boiyn prcp stios w obts f sibsv

sr s his pismic ubc is h bsv prjin tha crswiin l v s bg ri hislf h s winsj idd boy Th i s of r h svys i thh f s sig coul b fft b his w ssoyppars vr s as pd o his ily sbiv Wt tcos o i cuy howv ch c obsca cs un s rit modl of isi Fr i his Fbeh Goh rsss nts f k ro h y f iha h p s i dirc h sbjc ia o clos

f h png s th th hnn f h aima ih pp

�Duamp,Ro1O

s ifh phps he o we issee n on op oo n (p 135)



"he lion f bve mag s log o a j quand

in el o si0 i spae, b rah to wo diml imgewh ps simua t aomca rc te·s

ody (. 134)

Weatsonp, 1830. MrclDuchmH1dmadeStrcopil Slrdt, 98-1

Th ee f viewg t fr houh a erespe d h 1mcannilydmi iu1 he sut . (p. 134)

W i eering of e dark oom rlton to he perepual lGoee iiae e udy f a hyiologyand o longer a pcofvio yoogy tha ow dead the boy f vewer a eacive produc o ocal expic oor, wic ipy podceby elecica ma f e pic ve ecefo dijod fro a



Wn t n{ s Lb : e p

lls (p 137)

1

peicaly aal refeet ol th frm of te ody rgato figh coeid a alway ptialy aopic o tat e auaig ncay oio o te ia d an no long b mainanednd ow, uly emdded wi te er wef o ody su,

co o o urtood a w a omig bt he epr-aiy of th ervu yt lf t i a to fatigu, to i ncaryhy f nneratio

ta whih a olor to b ad lw wii

pn n an ly u an

I akg o fo amra oua conveyor of mage teby od ad e o nad prour of at iag, a prodcrh u pt t r fm a ld of a gnN of or eaton, lmorz exlai n 1867 ayigmore than in' for eteral bet an o" a wha wcall eeig i realy a ater of leaig ow to epret byma of eperiece ad practie." Wit egad to te ig providd byretial etaion h addd, ot at al nay to uppo any do corepode bwe ee cal ig a atual dfc oflocaiy [i e empircal ed) wc hy gi.

Typially i i lctur preenig Te R rogre of th Thoy oVi Hlholz ol bring h fac hoe b the eap f trocoe apaity o u wo picure to imla w uanyiige, th dep rcepion noma bncla vio. Wha theeocoe dotae elolz ay, at diic ao amtd rm te two ee, ad ah te ocioe at the ameti ad wout aecg ha acrdgly he cobnain f thee ao t h gl pu of e eeral world of whi wea iou i ordary i not podud by ay anatomical ecani of eaon b y a mnta at

Te p teeopi trument to wi ot efr h audiececou o mak pit mre rapaly. For eae trpe, rod f yiolgica eac t 1830 wa rctd

t produce xpriene of dep in a way at prved be mh p n w opa way, ndd ta Ducap would la apure by cong te tem

I

miro" h hn prus h vw wol culllookc wih t two mrr 90gr ngl o oor ot w wo b rf h wo sigh ivrgn ig,s l i n o si of vi such wr ctlprl i li of sig tol o of of vision thi w

foli wi h omi o n t or s th Sl s jus or smp f ucps ounig concr wth h phiologf ig, r t wol t fr rocto frcisio ps

D h hi i l k



th wful iprssin f h rison r i p bfr him woul in fc b fni of to flt imgs lik ngpr of ffs ctull lk is h

Notng col or ftiv httr th pojc b h cmroscu l, i whic rtiosi btw viwr worl ispicr s l si hi i sprsl of t sis

Th srscopic ptr" onh r wits

s itr h it of op or h cohrnc gr b fr of wiow Rtr w pps i cil rcostui l ro worlrgmn into to noiti o ol t r-c xric f i bs pi ni r b is icl rpiiig f tbrvs rl vul rprstio . . stcop sigl ricio o t po of vwrou which or sl cur migs nssig cpoll obsrv objt o hiso iso hr is no long th pssiili of prsp-

v unr uch hniq of bholig h ltin fbvr to img is no lngr to jc n inrlon to posiio sp ut rh o wo isimrimg who piion sil th tomic rurof th obsrvrs bo

tr piks uchps Hm St T r i-ons wo wt to consrt ccptli Ducmp Duhp o enle, Dhp sc rm Lono b w of Vrmrro Ri rscv t i w o th cr obscrfst n h wo pism p gist phoorphicckgru o n s Th igi ffct of iwig gurthrog oop cni rmic lio of h ru rulig ns of vol sw wil now is rck

gr w fom j f lni soli will nt pouc fh pnr rt; i wl hp h w b thg wil horrui pil it of r po o

n cs Dchmp hion o pus i n look ucnnil lik ilsrio from bok n pchopsiogi rsrc NRs d Chotic hw psls o whih o o t wls isks wos urning wol ouc h lpornt pic iign sbci color i f hi, prhps mos wil imtl o icl olor prt lprnts for RDm r Dk B u mslf urcoi. Th llsion f hrimnsil pj b hs isk will bciv h s with mpli mchi n cml tcnlg u t s of h po b pchpsologil po

t lbortr of hiolgis pg isks wil o owvrowr ito otics of rmsionl llusio T pil iur ml th lmino impt f pciv coor wil p toh bingl rg lk gus f Duchmp Pcii Optis gursw ping pprc n isprn crs t w in wih h n pto. r uli Mxwlls rigsks m r nt o rssg iio rltio o sir Aus iuso will b us b s lvr o th oprtos o hoio i vi

t ric htr of chmps Prisi Opi ll is vriosfrms is sg wii t of ptic illsi pc hi tpri kin o thrsol o brg om bw nrctur ssioogil rhr of vio lr olt or hhnmo of h pil lusi w n im b rbligis witi h siit pnor ol whih phsillpc h rcours lmhol o poiting of ncs fr-c s th pschlogil g f ll prcpionciu infrcig procss of uonsu iv rsoing from b of spriws coinull rog u sor h obvio ct th oicl ilusions A objio o h Epiic hor of iio" mi, ig b fo i h llsions f h n roil o f w v ming of o stio frm p

ri h ogh lws gr wih xprn" T poibli ofls nucts r ucu jugm gn

o ccut for thor wr o b vil

Amps povid prely pysoloial explanaions havig faile, elmholtz a ours to an aoiaioist pychological oe. h expanation

f h possibily of iluson he mainain, "ie n t fac tha wranfe he oio of externa obc w woul e orr nder

norma ono t ae whi usal irmstae hav altereh i l i i l i f h f i l ill

indeed h fomer law of aoiaon ad alrea pt in plac thereatio o mapho an emy o codsaio an dilacem

long efo Feud availe imse of thse erms) assoationis obvoly

ees off fom pyoaayis ta t p o mechanim o rerssioT unonso o whh Hlmoltz' try of viion rele lik a

f i i l f h f



the reinal pitr pcialy, in te ae of hoe famou opticl illu

ons spa·e phioogil rah aemp to oe th perctal

pzzlhe Mle-Lyr illso h Pono ilo th Zler or Heringisionnconscu nferec raso rom e iappopiate applcaion f pspctiv es. eory s en a eedimonay ontextualg ee gure o tha in the auaow par of e MlerLyr

pair fr amle, wha is pplie throg assoiaton is he pas expi

en of rnal mage obtaned wh h al line i te loet part fa thee-disonal ge, ch as the ege of a buiding nart e

obsrve; wle fr t obsrrow haf h oext provided fr tomages proet when the vra lne te mot it par, su as

th ar corner of a room in whch th vwr ads The ozo gesomeime alle e railoa rac ilsn i ilal refr e

mistaen inferene of perspive coege an te eulta msungof he viwr ih egard o rative ize

he fat tha th ysiologist Helmolz breahed he wor nocio

io h dicours of prica cin rae a storm of protst tat wold

og im a h lfe. B for Sartre atr aesig t eoral gronsof h assoaioi psyholog Helmhoz wa avoig it wa obvios

that uch a planaor model would be uterly ioherent did it notpoit (no ma ow oe an unnscios T memory image siingin he ai elow t teho of onsciounss, a ssory t waitngt be rvve a newly anmated thogh wa Sarre manane nooly e very pitre of h nconsis, bt as uch wa heoeally

eabe Sare famou reeto of e oncept of the consos

pplie ot o to the Freudia eio bt o e asoationis one sweU Wherea he hl, ther a be ol two ype of thing the in-tsf

f obj o h forielf of cosious e ida of th unonciousposts the ontologcally impossle conion of an andfortself Tr

can e nothn n cociosnes tat s avaiabe it, noing tt isa s o alray the o hogh ne ogh "ypos

ad haren ito te notio of an oncio Se age, "uch

thoght s no logr acssble to itself

Although Srr sste that ther wa no stcio o be rawn btwenthe conscious of prepal phology an tha of psyhoanaysis an

f asoiaonsm in general a tor of mmory, a hu a esr of

onsiosess It was phoaali tat woud view the unsious asivisve, as the trle or o a coli wth consiounes e olypoi of cogtio witin aociatoist heo a oncoune mig

be hogh by nocio coflt a this a t vry a of

prepion, wa w t ha o ofr is w ecr aboaoy ra:rhe optical llso nd there it foun ielf taing at omethig ike aoptal unconscou

t i ta angy nrlig ulain that hypnotically oti vsal

throb of Damp' rcision Opic a oe enouters e o of

pyioogca opc eeig fl emesh i e tempoal mesio ofrvos lfe a it also ly awa in otical iion' fals indtonB it i hr a wel a oe ots to i bo a te of lidinal

prssure on the viual orga so that e pule of deire i imulaneously

ft as te bea of prson

e rhythm of the rig is i te y o sstiio a a an

oi v, vao orga repla oe anoher a ttery circarasoative ain Fir here s the i a ee then t appear as bast

this hn gv way to th ve presn of a terie avty and theimplication f exual peeao within hi plse a t arries orm partobj pa-obje avang and eedng hroug te illuio o his h-imensol spae tre also a i o th psetoy

threa t object poes or e viewr a rat ari by te veymeamorpc rythm il a i conant hrsing of h fom o a

sae of dissolve brng o the epeene of formlness, eemng tovrwhem t o-bounded obje wih th condion of the r

h w d sn ns n h t Ju [Sth] sdsuddn: \ h n th1 s p ha t? Dr

Cnn "h mn th r as,

FA Gn bn R nn n b wd he Q' H I Lnd n nd t

seem lled with a greenish mit. People nufe and cough in the oldAnd thre is nothing t enterin hem as her unt Virginia ys but agntlean in evenng dress with a long sk in hi hand n ont of a

adaverous sheet

his i not as we know a letre i1 medie The sheet will not be

Analsis seemed to stop hor thee he eye robes the backgundnding fom; but thee pert ths lak of nteres n the entral gure

F plae hmself n ont of the rojection sren s he plae hmelfbefore the hessboard An ee wthout a body. ue gver of form. reopeation of the law re halus



his i not as we know a letre i1 medie The sheet will not beremoved to reveal a core into the hidden fole dths of whih thedemonsration wil robe The adaveos sheet white amorphous wilserve nsead as the background for a proeted image. It is to this imageoating above he sheet that the stik will point a t reles the outliesof re against the fomlessness of grond. robing the image wth isvision that does not serve the bodyindeed blaphemes" aganst itthe

eye of whh hi tik is the rolongation is seahin for he puresanfestation of fon e had only to oint t a assage in a picurea iend tels of these evnings and mumu the wod 'lastiiy anda magal atmoshere was reated"

Or was t a relious atmoshere? ginia Woolf undestood Fas raing a new ind ofsaintthe artist who leads hs laboio life indiertto the worlds praise or blame" a saint whose punishmen forride wouldbe to nd hmself oast cut offfrom he hief soure ofhis inspirato. "race, indeed No revelaton without fait Fry ame from Quaker stokA fact to whh she refers when she reark o F amng a tegeneaions of y cold have spoken wih eater fervo of he claims ofthe spiit o nvoked doom wth more serit But then lide, please

he sa And there was the picre . "ee was the pire ith s vision materng it eleasing fo fromthe gond of the whte sheet revelng it utnes wth his long stik

And what had he aid at the gure F hmelf made standing in ontof the sheet he had aid that for his adiene this was pehas the mostimessive otline of al addng hat t wa howeer, a gure of whichy himself was unconscios.

This eye laed in front of the proeted image is attached to a bodyndeed it s this bod tha bloks the light u y an absene n hi wn of vsion ws oivious ofhs body was an obliosness tht wart of hs ethos, issing n suh mtoma behavor as his mo fdress desibed by a ained Cve el he lssialy tailoed suts wowith olandish ies and hnting shoes. he peuliar hats iginia Woolf

i stuk b this vod in the cener of ys visal eld nly one ubjetseemed to espe h insatiable iosi,n she sas and at was himsel

opeation of the law re halus

Sare laes himself in ont of the door with the keyhole and understandhimself as gure agai1st ground, ge tha is n the eyes of he oterwho obse1·ves him who tes him in the ac And in ths moment asare fails to oalee into gre himsel he wathes in dismay ashe becomes mely grond Grond agast gound The amohe he

non-fom.

He reahes for the term that will ture this sense of hmself a embodiedwatcher as voyeur who now leahing away from this o hielf int anonariculated suround. he erm he se is hemrhagng" He is bleding away fom himsel And hus, quite inadvenly, he ives to thifolessness if not a shae for that is posib Leat gendr n thissurder of mate he is li ui voit ui est

t at phgeic i dtc 910 u d th ai rg aciiity th h x h : Sexa pare i cectd it ti gt v ing a a eaig engh piv o h micti i xt dhih

a imt o h at i t a atit ojcty m ih h a at a ct o c ctn"e rem r i h i rg o itnt " ep i t p h t g gait the cmpoet-itint i qu Ayg t e e d hcy ii "If u ctn hic ight a t h ha an pit, g it ia rtiat rm tid t itnc h h hih rrnt h ctt t tg ae jct rin d ihd m nin heera rai h d h a vi t th g d cc aca de he rpeo t th ad h catin titte rmatin t e h

, h t, t n acin mi i the eai



Wilas An Ao: Univsit Mihia Pes 192 p r a posssi of a's atio o assoioi a to ot s Joan Coj "at Diipai S, October, n. 18 Fa pp. 2-0

Fe a a c d Psycg Vsua tuba cig o Pscnlyl onptions (11 0) Sandr Einvl. pp 1- 28; h passagesce i th ext a fr 21-216 Jan Lplanh\ isussi of his di ad fi n r hi P ts Jery Mean Bat



The J Hopk rsy Pes haers 1 d 5



A dt bg w t n g but

jb

-o(8ile

A o os Dl cr , g s ts ig i i is glar its seemingl eless prs o scH s ple is lier i frn f syoasicorpic oec oug e peulir sus f g on een ccp s l is r fro e O s fr i n sg o somg ls i is see i sens rog t of msecogtio o ges mn stg ti po f l e s to e s s fc ging ip f ig ol vile e e es

n scre t stsnmpc obe s i i t inc f form. D rclls o s lis o i ee

i . Evryng gos on tt ks seton of oet sle; s slon t

phtographig of h resuat mas s; compaing of h potgrap

whin a mot mta u he aspct of invisiilt ta makd t

iita poss is raied te a prodt But is a invisbliy dpe

than a mr allig away o he lumination ncssa se t oct t

is a nw odr e usable Qa a�azs t as informe .

W retr to he tny po t of smdring ight and Da els us the isory

3 Caves. I many f h avs ut partiuary hose a Gagas t paloti

paings ilde palm pis ha we mad, wy milia ago byplacg an tstetcd and against t wall and bwing pigmt otth xposd sufac eae th mag i ngativ Th imag as a sidu

of its mar No maer how simpl I lav my rac. Kiloy was her.

Di d G ld A h d f h i bi



W retr to he tny po t of smdring ight and Da els us the isory te ob t signals manages prsuad us ta amng t ter

mt uried wthn it are tw auhnti sushos o RcardWag ad of Ldwig I Bavaria" ha soeed up by a spcial

poss ae ow dd cigatt is slowly osumig ep ths gaet" a ano bu br wih a rllia

mor rcal in man ys tan te ary twin of th aest and mosdsan sta

sars prset us wth innity undr sg of cop nder te sig,ha is of rm. psyhatmospheicaamo dsplays a

aogether dret vrsion iiy tha o f dlius o trpactio o a rsstanc o form

2 Bae Mtalm, and Gnocis. Batail ts th story e heeromorp o he panmorp, aepaic gd a burgos to rlif

udr h imprss f Gnosic sals r s h god f te sun a

uman gur wose ody climas i a u of mutipl eks ha cnsti-tut a id of altar o wi s paced doubl head of a ass Th

phoograph that rprodcs his image orgaies t urgeoing convei-

tis ad hd conours of gu into spedd sarpness And yethwv ear te phograp draws o is tiny rsidu of a suppssed

soity, te image o h thing itse rfuss o cme io focus

ow cn w k termrp w fo wh he vry notio of rmis t sape mater it ta whih is sig, und and d a o itse ?

Wa would it mea o wrsip o that wich s slsam but t a wiis slfdifft

ur way of hougt, drved as i is fom a raditon of !osm_mattrcano eivd as disinct frm fom, becaus maer has alreadyb agt up n a ssmac asrain I a en ostud

witn a laionsip etwn wo verbal nitis astra d (or sim -pl Ida) ad abstract mattr the prso kper and e prs wals

Matr tought troug this mtaphysial scaldig is ever base.Base maeiaism, say Baai gis wi he htrologia tought oidtity,...

Dispacd rm a Goldn Ag r h dawn of humanit, te bit

art nvr seemed, tr, t rqi a beak wit te myh of ar

cisss If h mimec ug d t h dpcio f mammot ad rse andso, it even mre srey rd the recto o the artist hmsef

A Gargas we s pits plfrat many of h hads are uious

missg oe or sval ngr joi, from e o several nges AbBreuil he rs grea ortiian o h art of e caves had a theor fo

hs dsguemet as w. I was, e said, te resu itiain rs inwich etain digs of t oung hunt woud as i wee umcised

og s agd in th her of artasimitati t s simpy tat tan

f e modls w awd

Te srutrals in LrGourha bids at tis teory that as su

borny ug o rom h la nieteeth cnury io h middl hwnth Ta is rpeatd eve nw if you go o argas H knows ath cavs ar ot a case o mtan u of rpsnaio ad tha h

thrfre work lie Saussure's cess game wi ach pi" having a val

lative ol t vey ohr. kows a repsntaio ocrs wthin a

ombinaory uivers A uivese ike e o piurd by e lin Grop.

A uvrs o male vrsus female Of biso versus mammoh arrowvrsus atie Of op hand vrss rad palm Imags a sgs h

sas. Ad te aves will us hs o l a s A o of cudaio.

By mas f a mogram o ut would mta te ngrs f a

yug mal iiae os his s I h digs a missing at Gargasi s eas wha s rprsnd thre is, as aways mytogam he

sigiain: ma/fma nd s v sigs, eactd thoug e puredifferee etw th tl gr and he squat dgtless pa lm are adyxisd as nis i a d fr ther mmorialiatio on h walls

Gargas Hns spak t ac ohe roug a languag of sgs Twogers aisd th ngrs down hmb ad le nger ouschd,idx and midd ngers rerated Ad s or A sin anguag So asn t a t animas.

If Batal wuld have disad wit oiouran and fat fud

imslf sding ere wih Ab Brul is not hrug any dsi to

th thr f iitt r s th t f ilti ht rrti iti i Documes i 1930 hs quit ifrt thr f ti t bith f .

rst l sys r li l riiti ilr trt. I i i t mk t; t s, ist, t il i i t i t li t t i



sil sr ir ist r y sit. y li t r tiity l ll . B y i f t Ki lry iii" is t b ur t l f t hi, tth r , s ll f sftti f itr t ru t frs f u: l/l bt tru th bs f iffr is ill tr slff

, ti issi is br t b th hs th rti f ity iti h vs s ll s b bi ity th s ly s rsqs Th ill i rstt y t r

t i bu f ts rl h Bill is r/1 s Li r ly (r vt) f i, rf tii it itis dn un il illtts this b yith trti sbs th si f s l ths t ty u rrsi t t is sr rl r l by hs Ui i ils rrtti i by Bti sl, li isly r r s yt iri th ir i iti s islyusfrtr by ul th f i t s issss Nits , r t Btill

Du ty si r l b vuls r ill t b Wh thiki f th rhs fr t ltrir t i hth f itl sit ttitus? s is f th fshytrith lly Asti i thir lvuls yi tur sy l . St Wrti silt stsy its b i. h by i sis

Tr r sur i st b t s Bt f ti y sy tt s t v s ts b. W i

f bjt co us

B i L'mu fu r ti l thi s rh, th s fr lr lr ll f t url rr rt

qr r S• > 93

5

ek of cv wll efe oling of t ripl ad lls of aidape o of the Geat ie Reef poducto of the wis ad turof eet cct to ieet sultin i a itr i atreobln ov on ise o oue ielf as lwas leady i h gip ofeesenaon As non-sefidenc, becase e double i gete wiisef stru it as s ign. i tte that i eeaed a e whollyi slf bu alwys alrdy ignifying and u alwy aled saped by



ll .

Wom fag, ag om th vi to th hozon . 5

islf bu alwys alrdy ignifying and u alwy aled saped bye d o its iew Unconiou ire ha i, as sig ow aeif Th c in uno

ill d' ive word o i Ad cinl ot t noifoof o n nci Bo' cnio, riddle wh

sigs i bsy roding form Hs marialm i a all Baaileay he class Breo wit agls soaig in t mpiu of adl aehetc "Ol Mole'' mss nd prex as i S a Seli

lt w up to he gop ford round Bill d his gaznDmt conceive of douling woul no th generator ofom Fo exapl oge Clis o animal mimicry T isct becote doule of t bacground e ots wng iitt hield leve cepia body is idiihb fo cig twigs e pigmanti fsion tlf o mn emel blad of g Eooogilisdo cal ti penomnon oei cootio e re is i hiingag d i eltion o dao. If h pased f g agingond o god on gond, i i i ordr by outsng ts tcer old itel ia.

Cilo de no agr The ai oag dos ser it i ea c i c i e el o vso wher im ntng tael i i f mel Miir s not dpive bhavo; ist,i i peculiar pcotic iedig o a of pa. is a file mantin bodaies ben isd ad otid btwe tha igue nd ground laceing f th cnto of t own itgiy o f islfpoeion i i s Deis oir cll ca o jetve deene e ody collss liquece doube te ce ond it od t be oesed b i own rr It i t son ttpro do a is in ef a eacn of the gue Guon ond.

Caillo opar thi to he exrie of hizopeni Sae seemfo tee dsposd ou o be douig for e sas J eds b

ca;•

reac em. he boy he eies w i hohs, e vareas e boary of his si ad opie e ohe ie of h seses res t ok a hsf fom an po waever of spae He feehimse ecomg spa . is ak o i somehg b imylke An he nves spaces wc he i e cvsv posesio

ee Baale mgh av sad hre yo ealy ave the i covsve

bewee man a aimal a hs o pouce a orma rpr agoes eeper an ay apparent fom Shaples mater ke spie or ahe wom says Baaille i i le Dicionay" piee o informe, aisaces of formes. ar more mpoany he om i a coepal maer, e ari of sifyig boudari he noing ofcateores. I oer knock ma of its pdsa, to bri own nh r o elive o t a ow low



ee Baale mgh av sad hre yo ealy ave the i covsve

Ectas. o reprse easy Dal d, i eno to oate te ea18 gees o isoren e ma axi om s verta aigmen-y,e s, the mo a oza n wic croy h moh sow ppermo. s Phenoenon o Ey s a phoogahc coleio

o sch ead whi ke th aprire hyric are fo the mo pawomen They ae wome ali falig om the vrca io e hoizona Hw i i ha w a simpe mpicaio o fag, estay ispoue a imae?

he searo as wee fo colage ha bn pbsh in 130 byGeoge Baaile n e Dciar" ec oog i Doumet Iame as he eion fo Mh" o aimas ataile writs, hemoh is a prow" t i he formos projeo a see horzoaa le the hip siue on he sea comrises he aimas naa

gomer Moh/a. sra ine. The rma eatios of e �limen-

j

ay rive Wch every ohe ama kow ow o rea. By sadg u

he hma bei has abado ha imple, irc emy a assume

ericaly, a moe cosig form Fo he op of s had

prw" is an ety nsgiy eme o is oy. W ave o escend

e facal aae o h level he yes o arive a e evoative elemnt

i t uma ahitecre. And the eyes have diven he moh io

obscurity.

Yet i ariece of e hma wil be ransomed n mome oeae pai or geaes pease Then he e wi gip is o hnek an throw hea fuy ac wil easme a posio iwhich i s th mot at is a n e verebra colmn. A romi ewy proei, newly exprssive mmb her wil isu e ry

l a e ead o poce m a e hma pow s aneevai of e moh a owrng of te hman srre, whi aby assming aima eomry," fae t e orioal

2 o aai e orma ceree o the amal stre s noneeleo ece no a oion f no. or o r e isio

h r o elive o t a ow low.

So many faig bodies S may mohs rug pprmot Brassa'sN Ma Ray's Anaty o h Fcl Uba's ez V Imgs

Sreai phoograpers ear fm is impe o al forma noioso�e e imae_f ody ad yo pue a iferen eoraphy A

georapy a oes he fm o e hman orm6 ni he pam pi graci the covr f m Ozan u

dto o Md A as all s gr ita. I s for ha matr nOzefas m the vey imae o he inat o e comng o bn ofhe sioee a wl b a ape, separai ne fom ose, ihom are re rom gon hoh o a simpe ometrige, ke a le or triane or sqae noeess a insace fhe r, pimive re to hape ca hro e bodng frm d i s i a sene e very emlm o e orma s foatio" Ozna wri fm Les ysies ayac:

Cabrts a e as u b scovee whic soma o art ha bocked o 100 yars: eepy movig

ae pir a wee fu i i Man hs etreyis revealed te. A HAD! tose sihoeeso has, spad o a seile o a e god an se hem. I promie yo h mo ese emoinyo have ever epeee Eea Ma awais yo

I eral man o oly awai you b s capabe of mov you so i isbecause ialiy s a chae roh wih fomal conat are able ac diry sesoy perepo o aesso inormao eee ae t e eye is immeiae T fa a work rom a preitoic ea rp wihot any epaaio necesary a o eir origi a m v sbecs rpresa ive a proof aoles of vsio Of h fat ashe claims ta te eye esponds o opca peomea ivaraly tha oh ca is epeiene from te dawn f man o thepese mome

Vi the daa cdio o h vua ar i ed a t o a ora ha a the o had rald t ithrogh light bt ae a acive gh io a i llmto d chologial d r Th arc r th gdga Alhg a dt hi rm

I kchig odiio th a i hir l rmordali -



g ea cct a mag a cul i aili mimic icidig h dci o ac. I ggt ha t oibl rha rm ar coqc a rt f cal fm ac! Matr whch I a h t a old aar to ltat tl a a mld, uch a a f he la retace t th com

rci u Th dc hoe tw the Pr aalad ta the mimic that at ima aai i ite alwaalra rd I old h gd f a abact gomt ch awh at lach ito it i th mh rm h hvual ad th fma are th am ad t the vlat hi iitdha i h gi ar Wh h a cc caig om uchmicl i ma b i eig abca ad cordiat o thrcl : altatel, hoe ou de dh hichcm h same g"

Wh at ie te ida o oudao h achg wad acdt of oii o io . hi he d h o atv b aaio o g rm gro th gd ha awaaread g.

7 Gm. Wth akig o th ertgo o dg i e w e a Dal Lugubriou m d oid h th rch o h oamigol ogiable ge w miaka mihdh ht tho maig h eatai lt aai a h arde aal o h aig r Docunt; w mg h dimaw et tk aga h l em aig a ihhdmio rodc h work or a v r cmlg oBataile di k ba lhig i a ca hi mao a hmatic drawig l u od Bata rad o al gam

Li ma othr th ga h dmotra ld a grdddld her a uailateal ch h c ca ertd fum i haracr

a ctio olati I a macad c

ata a jc o rao po h c aa A a a bjt t th oml ut of a ila ewe i d o

Mn Aoi

Fl, B w h u is prw p 156

rovoke uihment throgh th ouageosnss of is antsized desires

(B); s rgressie amts o evade that unihm by oiig tslf, at ht bot mitats asrai ad uwi it i a jculoy etra

gance (C); d its utuu yilding t th vey aw of pnishmnt b

alying isl with its str laguag (D).

h qadritra has as thn ong whih th sbc cn b t



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aa of v algrOU$ s pbshd in Du 7 192.

OrBaail/e's dis o srke bak y publihing t in any

case . (p. 158)

q g

diribtd and ltted. Th ujc is bjt its eg its uncoscos

Log efoe L had a1d ot his L chema Baaie i skthigwha h cals the Psychanayic shem of e cotacoy guaos

of ubjct":

S • (A)z • ( 6

' C ()

It i i the y ory of te gme, x of a1os a th

jet i ing ply upo doe t ucee i eomig identl

himef Sread ut r e bard f th game he s a sujet i aleaon.

8 Geomtr. L Crbusir ad Oza icre h cy dwe' itd

rspons to hat rban maktla wr gomtry ds a it fre ofarai mmerc F from bg d r diting, gemet

tmt. Gmtry sducs ak h cunide, he oin out hema i h iag uth salls lay i ha sgung rdlent of th

sughouse te city aes, owe lm ad chicke ae

mad o eegnt fiezes a fi i mu int rs yamid t his dr tha w r aptes y remak hat a jilt o

i s" But the modernity a machi fr mtcatio of the

geoeti The ntat itmt f the bai povoed y pet

ruling r gemtry e aeady determie" ty writ by eery ree f cy he tret a-h h in a amt

ufrm gri wiw, th a tie f swak, e aigmt

f tr wit thi idtca i c ar gri h egua uun of srt

lam, h gamig rbbos f

ramway lne, e able mai fig t-alway a rr ls wih gmty' Nt n

th sky sae h gi of geoety. Fr te ky i now ogaizd by h

fme though whh i i seen as mere inesce, s ctot iswat hrows rba geomty tsel t elief gg us n a pr·

cis conto th rng o f h urb gmty courpoof impos

on nur"

t f t mchin s coscd a mode otic it has doe nohig

ore ta connct odr n o his ginnigs hs s ubsol hi rimd f h i h i i



nd for th gotric hs cogiiv pparus:

Ma s gotrica ial

Mas in is gomticl

Ma's nss hs yes, dwn or an ve gomerical clritis

\ in possssio now of rnd, lt

ptatng end of exactig i

9 Hat hats winging teir way pwrd Dls Lgbi reset sys Baille fae ogas fatsizd y th dsiring sbj

No prolem i h he hat i gended fma in t snad cno th exal sbolsm of ems u by the timeTrist Tr pblishs

his Ao s o ste" s ssertion o ger wi rgr o h ht

has unrgone a consideble mpliction-fl1'

Lke ls Tas hs r o e wth ir sofly sloing rowns cesedalog hir smmis to proc the prlll lips of e fsioable fedor

lil rease. ge smle t wy s it Ta ass hat is vgilage is sed o pce he nishg ouch s t wr o qinessnilye gaen? d hen een oe cros wy i ths yr of 193 is

te hegt of fshio or w to do ts ost anis of has d

O undrscor h rsve nare o f this mo-forwomn y coratig

he fedo wi the symls of stricly mle appel-ares, ow ies

c. n Ry gives is sprl o rossidentiais yet one or sp

i th phoographs aes to illsr Tra's essy for its publicatio

i Mte. T feoa pu rly dow o th head o he moel,

i phoogr from bo, h mnquins fce obscrd its brimFirly ro aggssie, th crown of he t r ses up ward i viwe

li t ip of th mal orgn sweling h so m hal snce

lick of sher nd Man ay eacs th siion f h. ish: e

lne hat efse what it s and i tis rssc urs bc towhte, or rathe, nsists hat lack i whie In he logic of th etish the

1

A ba A gnt s . . )



wtin t ofcia wing srralm, Spnd Bal s a tok aeof nm as tha wa dvelop y Baail. Ad ts a t m i hat it eme are caly fomd

W ow wat it lok ike tis amba t elaboatd i platad t latr i beaifly nid woo, f pe a a paormand wo opsig ot te on rg t cag' tom swging from a w afxed to a tu a i op Te ga m i a

Vrial vss izotal t. Caos a e oppit fm i aos taod alway omd, y fm tha s alway aady in wato ha

1tad, lt i of n a wa orm if ca as gc acgoaly at agan ite wihn is orm ouig a oogce s think i o as h oo o fom bu

piity wokg ate ar fom erode i m n at i traly



JVtl'

swging from a w afxed to a tu a i op Te ga m i awee pimatc reent-hapd. e penduar oe is a ere clyce cpt f th deep gas tat tats o leae he deside ofthe bal nt two alf-moo. Te maical reati been teto s pi; t bal as rhyhmically ver te d of te wd

Swishfowad wi bak. Bt t raionsip twen tw is

a poblm or i s ls pe Eeryo who aw tis bjet io" Marie Nadeau repot expeind a tog ut deal xua t relatd t cios deir i emin wa i seone aifaio, b ne of dtUbace k tat imatd by eiati awas f faur

stuae or ere i t maliy of alern, f ambivalece of plitig of ry identy" fm tself a wih i i t O tedissouon, t f fom r i ot ar, wi er be lea whete getu i a cars o a t it s o a, wl v b ca wterte wdg is pavey ecing stimato from t sp adiicaggr i viatg t surfae of te bal li rao slig t eye Da Un hi anaou or t ull r in aaill r d lol

tat kll te matado by eaing u s ye A te intmet of penetai t wede is dred mae An te wodd spe i emalB as laba fac tked by t at possessin atr the wede is lippng i an misakabl ima f te geitai t wma Sws. Fp Alter ry alteraio oduc a altatinAd iditie mtly ps etil Bttoc oh Ey ike cckwor A ck evy eod of wh marks th ivesion of all it elments.etreroti . mo-eti au-ro htereroti .

Lie low

I oo ay to hn frm a th opot om To omvrss mat Bas h vu" always pforms the dti f form eaig barie, of paat g the wd to nat pai f opp itios

by means as atail lik to ay of mathmaial fo at Formes matter Ma veu fema ife rs ea ns vsus osid

te ar fom erode i m wn W r

g, at i tralypreiey eometaly lie owk The wd i Fh that aptuth i djur Te anaon i a m k foi" o bafl tha sppes t pa atin a a do wt gams andrl and ste; wt a tte dabizn th gam i vy a

of follown e T a a nd of mpla, t o at nidte sysm i !�a T sp wnin awa. ike ckw . ·

11 J/u I H t prf xaml of a sutr p t gnatiplay" I 926 Bata pb Hstr l'ol. A pograpinov as a tcaly cd ytm trg w a fma ois at wok aant te geogahy f he body it e, fm.

T toy h y t abt t ols aact bt ao aobjcth yad wat ape i ad s appi to aRand Bas a hown i a futon e re aguag fmahor ad metymy wrkig to decline" te ojet tg anrdy cce of rba tat A a gbar eemen e ey i tafm thg a sei of mahor y means o wc a ay giv

po n naraiv other globa ojs are btite or i: sttcle e su a ot otain uid e y simtaneolyge rse o a oday ris ated to rs yo ear, prmIt i fom te ni et of e o metaphoi ie a a oe wte h ta a mbr is p thg w e o o toti atio of the naat s geeratd Te eye s od t oetsa whit te t ecut i btw t aato an Simoewo s sti (t a) at f mik T vbal fabri to whct ry i tld i al wvn fm t w maoi tas. ,mtaprz as y ad y a fr ampl b scibd a ailmosity" ad ca giv i t pas t inay liqefatn ote y at fl e a ear inty of imags ca b gnratd withinte grid of hese mtat io ]our

I i t ualis gam for prodig t mag t chn of mrela and sewn mahin on a dsstig abl? oting witin a

cmiary, Barh rmin u ta plac y cha. aaill's rai, ay, "i ihr a l mag n e a f mag fr inin i ms is n aat T aci of -miat h siis ak r xamp mmpa prsi assia wi aris mnsli r a g r p a ya asps hir rm ytmcy T pr p r a rra a y ar a h am im rrgai h rra h l h i lj i



16

h mmpla hat prpr a gi ljgi rma r h ys rriryat i pil r a gi rga A riz h piii Syma tragri Dju

r a h a i a, r r a gl ma trm hi

ig a har f a i mr vilgd a h rt? I ir aal aa tha i h ha il act a y t hi rui m iin i a hirarhy ta pgr maly ar a uiyha l Otai th a Bt h irlaiy ii in ihh trm alay ma i ah m s n srgtaliy a ai ty Ju a h tiim i nrdiry ali (I t i a q, arh ay parically a rphalim) i i r pil t i i h cular rt gital hm ha i rigiary Wat ti ma i tat Hsr u n r bg a prun ; i oas n iahyn Wa a aln w is sinain wi ai ay ar r mi i i is sni;a a "i ir h l ay r las l i mp, y hi ar ampig s a plia w is ua y a iprm a hi l amal iim ana a ra iaampay

L a ga i h ca artig it wa pa farit, i ig ifraig rtil plar frm rial a hat f h layrih ith lig, ifrai p It mar ima i h Mia n Narc aa as ii a r aain i a a n frm t alan

I ii a ary h a cae Pari 20 ha np p n a lrai f h rigi f fm a hgh t r h y a C W a al xamp m y Dari Mila a s a m y Lg imiiima m aial a h r am mm a Inaa

Alb Gicm, eJfor Pvy(Ibh)

ll irm t pse v z is . (p

St d Ar Dec. Ths at a onvege n th pi ibwn h goeris f th Fg s o e a spoo d he bd ydrs m y r budi t n mod o se-bo moder"

a dd is were Giome fres from e Grd Chr da drion for Lrns nd s d sred k eo d bhs i begnings. nor fo ong fer 128 wen he hd o i



Hanr .

a 11 aa 30 p 7

hs i begnings. nor fo ong fer 128 wen he hd o io i Mih Liris d Goges i h g o r hmeing of e yri s no simpy noe for b s sys froiding for fo ing i s d T er bodyh splo e spr imgiinw drops e god, d by io

o he f o oll e ver on e oizo s A srs forzo sps ow o ed Fa Hd o a Daramnhr mo dily d h es po grs d hr o io ri of difriin n oi gid sr h id of sng pds or bs o if bod ofhe sf o h sp wi sood wod b oig bu pdsor bs wo b pr oo d ie y spe beor issiibeo isio, ssmb t om od ihbi he ep ri o byr wod go bow igis o o low gs

13 Mn 1937 ns eU spr e Machine Gsa Stae ofG nseoi rbti wor opns on he fnsed had b mppd o for pyig mt oem m o

'30s i omis is rriten b t i es from tri of ibidi nery e utpb dri o sringi isenie d implble. os peses r in iig porr o fs mhi doe e noi smio of g ng One of nny iis o e is begins is is defnse gis s rdos s o y ded" Rigd ioi wiie e is's posr in fe is o me he inme is di oi dos' sop wi defens f i orgis h sys Fo vdpid ryg mnis onins o fno d s o proma hidoy rooi de of if Wh is t sy iois wies hi bsn of all nrs o reprso ad of vory io i w egi i ois ay ggs b ooo dwh is os snshng f of dagr no a ak,

cadavos mby rssig s idiet mer wh aae ca scacel pir o as asimlae ml dad mns ca se d"

I thi ene the be t n t e e betwee lie d dto bie of dieee bu he o ps mbne wg the e ie t aiae e e e m kete ike h obo like te elet eie, is mr te nn, e e A re ys h ll

·

n ele ttnding peoe The Tl Hm teey whi is e ee y h ve wh en



y yi eeen o hiel etyng with ti y ietti w se desl rtu o is ty, hi tee a

Trohot '3s mr get pjet ee i tw ee Pu eh w ne like n eel i eet e theig ining d eebing enble dol eew ael pione hen pgphe i ptl ettngkihen tiwl, be b lt wbee eng te tne e ee Stging ligting ttg the ptgh t betthei vid witn he pe n, ee s the ll gin gn pl. e l h be e in ow ts sd iMy 1 e, but, le i eivel well wih ki nei y it u he r ma o esee. rgin, i i ee ee w pi le j oe e o en eeile tg he nk tee Th dol ody odd /fmal u gigth the e gn w seig dbeen e with itthe tet ttn I i e dl s e d s nm.

14 Objecv Cane. e ds h nptene eie, btwih lle e eeie here blk n whte yhlyi the he be pjet evny pg tti ik e nge in e el the el Bywin. y wig. y dsing jetie hne bee te te wy ses nn hgt will pete p eltyeuttg i o e ee thei ee Obeie ne thee e eeingl ppete et thi nw rfaod wodi e eveltn tht wil like te ege i te bttle the e e hithe bie nte o thee pt Ls ae

mmunnte the eiti bete e; Nj i oelii F j e on of e we e diri wllo peene of ot omio ad ro r sii o o m loin oss h sq "T wl e

HasBelmer, L /4

wopar of leg id end to ed le, aut . . . (p. 17)



Hns La L 138

I mm p e e mae fmecece (p 172) A fe 1, ar fd p 1 72

it ww s sys, starig at a a fac. A sc tr wiw igts p rt is s Ou f suc acs is c-

ic wi gra f i grw.

Nj cs is a sy Sic t is a arrativ wr by si, tis wat s c t b?

r ast ca, wr, Fr b ig ifr a bt f h i i



Hans L 1

Te do fm 17

pt f thgt rvyc, wi a ciy -ay ig Bt t is f piti ps a t arcssismf th ia cs, pt t wr wi sis f sswi pjcs frm f s r cs sws (ss) T"9, r says, was rigay a israc aist stuci tt a rtc f t wr f at wi, cts"s its cra i t aguag f rams wic is f pr-s csrt by big utipcai t ita sybBut s ai graisiy ys t abis facs ssss, t sbjcs w cra bcs a Fasi ms tat ias sp g fr s f u sf r triary arissis wic s sway i f t ci s atf prii ma fr t ass r a tr f s w tis sg b f i b tas a iffrt aspct m vig assrc immtty bcs gsy rir fat bcs gst a , a s

ru is iscssig is i ctt f " Ucay s tris

rap wit t fig a ci at i, a su syrcit ta s cfr y a ft, bsrvs, tis arisst f ss tat sigy cac ccc as i act b prpar , a i apr rass f cicic t is ass wait t b ra Th caiss a sms t srr crtairis ams, r brs, r ccaais fbjcs witi 'sryay if "frs p s, Fr s ia stg fatfua sca wr trwis w su v sp f cac' y tpat t v a scrt mig wa ss i bsiatrrrc a , f p as pp qy t a itts ptiios agg f stiy

Bt Fru s spai f t cay witi argr fram, t ts f as a ss, a t pt wa is prir, arir as t

v wti t sf. f is ascipi f mi ap-sac a is assp pwrs f aryac ffay rfr

7

O by i patn as tr psntime which aly' co t) eundrstnds h rserion wi adu lfe of mo pycologallypriiiv t nmly os latd O h ipoence of og andbeif in nmim It would e writ "s ho ec one of sha bn troug pha o invidal lopen crrponing to animtic tge in primitive ma tha non f s rvr it wthtpeseving cein ras of i hi n b reiva an at vryingwich now sikes u a ncny' fulls he condiion f trring those

a stucre a presppoes rs nti big wiin w i opraesand ecod sctue a oy akes ses iofa i is in confltwit ha big' conciousness? C th ptial d-th wrd f islhenoa: clou ea sky, forst- n unosious

Bnjmin k it cla bo in ly ey n whn rturns t subjct in te 1936 "Wor of Ar in e g of Mehic Rproduon ta for hi t cra i an nstrumnt tht nlrg viion,

th a k of i i Cvil t d I t t



�(

wich now sikes u a ncny fulls he condiion f trring thosevetigs of aniistc m iy wihn s a bringing em toxprio

T lpse f t isinction ben imagnon ad relyan ffct

Brto ore wit all sueaism esouc b o ht F alyz e riv if i magicims arissistic onionceal ar otl riggr f tha tahysc sde a i h canyo te rnt hrogh ino ociusess of rlr st ofb, a i is erogh isf h idne o copo e e sjec is ged by th ida o at.

Ndj Bon iks lov ry drivn rello powr o hi e plasu pinciple, imeio wih fro th vry rstli in he gr f h ffes jeciv nc e wr i in he k yof ncanny, wi t ovn of a di towad deh. Wo am l e bgin " If thi oc I wee to y on a poerb hn prap vryingwoud aont knong wom I hant'

15 P I w in 3 i his Sll Hiory of Photogrpy thtWler enjmi t ed t erm opil ncn." Wh e phoorph of ybidge or ar undubtey i mn speaks o owh nkd y cannot nea vmnt of ven h mos orinay kn.W ave no id t all ay wt apns dring te fraction f aecond when a prso step ou." Bt poogapy h xls "wit itsves of slw oton d an rva t secr I is hoghpoogaphy tha we dvr h xst f i ta conscios,ju a w discovr h ia coo hogh psyconlyis

adig is f ose w r sruk by sng o h alogye t cama wi is mo owrf v disi y aand fo pylys an h hh nsen visl da an oras pll to o ips f ongue o pn os paprx rogh

wich h ien's noci nto view wh awe akof i t vsua d a will b a naloge of e "nconscos itf

m th way re pk of i i Cvilztn and I cntnt, wrteologa avan id a a st of posthtic lib ttpd te power o he inviual Bnjamin lik�s he caera fo exal o he surgeo nife ha c operae disassionaely on e hbody a by ig it in fgmes can e mo ely ino i rely

d however is l tat t wrld ovr which ehical evices exethir owe is no on t cod itslf v a uonsious I ay avea microsre a l bynd t ag of h nad y, b htur is ner onsouuncocos or ca i b n oi wicosouses Thi why for ud n ik eamins Thcam inodues us to oncius ops as do ychoanaysi ononsious imps s, fr h ok o say, wold simpl cmprensile

I s ony he d o h ay w Bain ing of fascismwr ms mvemes, iclding war contitt orm habhio which priclrly aor mchania quipnt [for] massonts r usully irned mor lerly by a ra tn by th

ye that w enconter om form of unconcio tt thar ol trcept I gahings of undrds of thouan ar afat that te hun ily cannt reter u gatherinw re o ha in i in hi own ssay on as syology nnee be hought t isplay a clcv cosciosnes, leaig o ianalyis in er of n unconcios Bu h masses on h pe gunda Nremberg hugh thy my k patn for he camr eye aca e orgaied within he optica ld are ha mase and if theyave a oscios, colcive o nt it is a n oio, no an"pia oe

of ha od i h ages othi bok, is h a n agl o Bjns. If it ca son of a alas xtrld wihin vial ld hs c grop of dspra

atit hav o cond ere otrutin i s rjcio f e

tha han vion a be houht be l h r o e i onl t t ntra to h rg oe i

Rtn io piig re hid y Bti i j lurc"y i o uderd dmirily Ided i m h ullne f tmitio moe to i i omag i-. Bill' onti t it i titld Rtn " T t i elatio of Piao' poition o r B l a oio o



,/t

elatio of Piao poition o r B l, a oio odeoiton h or om h e e ia o forl aiee, ma pfeio o he ity. Te er B, hymoliz lne ui, pdii f delit le, i he ut ire dole olet te. or i ei

t lo, i prei e i blindg e eyepoh on thei il Th very i , maialy ed te r e of h e n e re i Ia ory. A a een i cp . B l rl spean, i h o iao.

h m e oe Documns Geor d pir nedo e Gz s Bx-A el he hog o ughideos

ad n a m o apprn? I t ae in F t i le,ate al, n me is rin i LEp Nv.

Abo ho mer e rid i idi , h irdion fom ot o bl fo (o an leag t eildeinog lloed the ot ai of fom o h fr anw He' the maket her h e geomr ok t ip of

food i the trig of he oga n h bin f te ommdlig Wler Bejmin old a, h x ppel f he igaiOt i thig b e Te otl b ill " h n i relon t he piq i lf i, e or ak on Rembd' oe bef.

ht at te n' ie h Blomb e io apeaane he maae. Cle Bl ritig u obleioan eh pi fo ocim tat epien lfa e releae of e ei drg, ltio of B Bel i ee anot am o hi ak e i oy l hil e eee sr o h ec h y by e fig fo "t i wi far atrge tha Ctl, he wies n hw nc ou

ro m te ole mean of a die ii of re nd,er , i n r hi hi h ger, l

R U P

"Php tg wld aun kwg wh I

'haunt" p )

sap uld l lam t bi d a his hhs sitlrain or Can Pr Cnstal A qut, darsl "Conl is maladrit

l has t his aus taght. his is n trm appbai ' ia aril that ud av rd n th Gazt d Bax-Ar

7 Scr r Batail th blr as atrial htrlial. r Caillis itas pptual r rathr a funcion of th ais tn prpin ad



T z (GH )

Dpd ad dpd, n h pc (p 184

as p ptual r rathr a th a s tn prp n adrpsnati Th is i th rip a mim ouling ts surndin, a mimr that dispsssss it s that it lss is i br

bwn lf n its arnd, s ins tha has raidN ln a sj is w a piur � a sjt, Caillis

pains s t l ns th rdnats prptinI s p 's d th ld a ntiual rsttin's pa at th nstn b th vl of ns d ad thhrzntal rnd n hih sad Thuh all th displam 's mi d his thd ai as arris thpptual oorinat ard it ; th a th aa 'ssjti hr, ns it stand ast; r a

But ths r sam rd plan s inrstd at ah pint on at aistan rm , by othr rtial bi, anth jt A nti ths rmss, th distat jt is n g p in h tailicy f h thld bu n hrin on th hr xpri-, i a l, Caiis isis b gaspd as rprstain is th

rprstd spa Cailis th sasth

thdrm bom l: fo

th li in, th ranism s n nr th iin h rdnats is pit amn thrs; it is dispssssd ts priv n thon sns th trm, n longr know whr t pt

t as Jas aa h ld r rt this maab ma f thpsptiv iaa tud bak n its in trrii rrsal H drbr conqunc of no lonr pin th rii thrdinats," hih is t sa no lonr in h sitid at thprid iin pi an ptri mtry spa. Th pnttht Caliss nss ihad as stad, l of th itt dts n ai h in tssa in mnsi a lmnt i a pitur s athr, a pitur it hh th d i b t bd aufali, t a as insi

ilit: pint amn hrs

(. .

o r t pctu acn easond was b rojtd r, a cast row ono manol of th s imae so istao he espt ramd h magd somethn mo l a poctrslamp n ervg obsae a a sadw cas oto e distat walLi wic is eeywere suronds us robbig s o o pvilegedpoio sin w ca hae o ued rasp o it. mipsen i is adazz tat w cano loca anot x. But it xes s y cas s as saow l s ts ha ispossssd ad ispsd we nr i-

W h b L i h h b i h

i Cia, i svtthcny Spn. cods of modsy lohe thefoot wdrwi it om o sce absorbng tefoot wi ote paradigm o als in s cas he opositon dsy/y

Roland Barts is analyzi e Bi oe O o is adigs is "jour H wats to sow Balle's succssl balingmsplayin ofh parad e to the addiio of t hrd em: e I eaion to eparadigm n/ignle is nir pl (n ad nob)



W are the obstLaca as it h srhat, boci helih pds sw W ae ths ncon o os w wlever mase.

8Third Te.]uoz

s Batall's stoy o he Big To a acot

o etisism? r at al o te roticiato o th oot B sint nsiss a his is no a displac otcs a seli by poy i doso work ao th logi of t es I plcly dsmsss the l y osbstiios O sls O oo = halls e oo sys s-ductiv an o itsel sdcs s bey.

Batalle eurs to tis mte of e arheure of th hma body, toe a tha, raised imsel oto only wo o his fet havingassmed is, veial man has o naa ahitt (o w)W is ist s a se o ales pse y hma sbo ess iol otos abot eaon loiss idas, as opposdo s o iciousss ad l. body is y iscid wiin helog o th paradigm, giv ormal maning obl/igole

t f th upiht has no ara arcitcr i as w cold saya ntual hige he pio o wh its ora lvaion ture th levta stll plays a fciona l, s ·te ig loger phnsi pp sel rond res, ow rie or ra islfs h ear And tha ecsely is s p For he oe stll beloto at. Ideed its ground hat o t eart, of maer of md Diydformd debasd t foot ails to lav ls of s plae ad soaili dos nr praim It is ot hat ma dos no try o ori o the aadm o nol the o, to ve r In Ca ison; t Ws is sod wh t iges of ls Ay sl e o shp he oo pays hs ffort, owvr yevelong bnions, d cos a alloses I eoms splayed, losI efses o be nnold o eve o e ioble I is smply as

Whe th foo nes e ero arna t s with oditio ohe tboo The de oot s ot supod to oed or se ey

paradigm n/ignle, is nir pl (n ad nob)

or e netral em (nithr nol nor nol; wlng p rom o mae b oms rom otsd h paagms fomal cosuton ovalues o lg wi it as a itat as dseqilraor as an eccntiI is a irrdcil tem says Bartes, e erm of seducion utsd the

{sl) "B onhss o he s of djor t ers h paa-digm lls itsel o ved by fom s at up" says Bathes,n e paadim h/w i. i te smuato of a mei o a ormad n i as [jz] e ae of mater n ie: ' oemporary maralism y wic man a matrialism no implyn amatr is hi in l' Baill. I sort, th tu paradim is owh onfrots to posi as n/s t vry eld o matialism d i is th ormaly ora term inl tat omes he the mdio eive alue t natio of wi s ooradiction, but datio"

Wh Bataill plas ro o e oo withi t h world of ewe pec h m o ivok e fore o wa a lega syhiai istitoasst as i oposit exhiiinism. t nsad Batall invoks hr

he asomab riulousness of e oes hi gossnss ther un-al liss. This is t mak o a sdtio; lauh is a hdrm ha bafles Modsty t menin of Modes. o rodc third term is ot the o dsry paradim as a apparats of mangbu o rae wihi its vry lo somtig ntri somethig cadlous i t he opeos o ss

·9 Uvel. e ten is osier dsbg the walks he too wths fa he h iss A w, h ws sl dJeanee We wee sly summits," e says, he mmseoion s i sal or us \V th sea of is seched away

y it was jus ike he ea oceawhich ad er s t ws temos mgt sig.

e se f mist is belo; te sy s boe ne is oneself merely a poi t n unrticulted esty A vitionless eld space a deynge rms of he bdy s vergg on he lmos purely absrc.

Tre is thig of te vod bo hs mgnicnce Insead his spaenside is cosmic evelp s eveywere vecre, scred by ordiate anabssa maing e numbeless ses f a lays poetia Prgn:

r form is possile everywhee



&

n a scool yg Edoad encoutered e Cd on Ruski andhu te mal ppose of an t tt leed o ead messge ofcaio He as taed, ter to se nte a meel e distractngsurfac of a ndelig amoic whose mos peect expression as

. And so ndetok o reinven the pie ocs d rees andclouds as a hythmic etwr of ineracng she tringles spredigacoss te suface teloced with circes e negatve romboids of tespacest emegig th th frce f ostve form Te sk so pek ange o oamet Whc was not te sam as deco·n. rnament impled te pssibily of chiing togete a enillyedlss i eac ni of wih (the motif} wd imply e innityof the etensio he oramel uni wuld be microcosm in whicheveryting i the wle wold be epessed e trigle wold b sohrged tt it ould ne d e same tme nvke e ee, ecoe, te louds te slr rys, d the vey ymi f gro vey-

hing n shrt

From proecting thes gometc

uuio disaay of nature

semed a vious stp for Jere to assue hei reeistece. se and Oze spek o unvesal onsans e fomal is tht aefodaional for vis, delie eveyhig ha ves se to e seenHe cast hmslf as ell ino this grid f gemec purposeness as edesribed he ay h as was tored t the is dig: t as amaer of ccupyig a paticula sqre the cessboard fmly ofmscias a passio fr drawing pssio fo the lstc rs . . ccer tat wad to get t the he f ings"

20 V Vale" ates es regles ll discurse. He is seingof te sysem troug wc clue meanng no b mntngs bu y pposing to vles ihi srucr SI ln is, sculisms logic is binryye/no ih Baille, nd here once agai

Brtes s spekng of The Bg oe, vlue, or mening ests on aplia anomas paigm sinc it is teary

jifard

It t tt m o o o or t t p to o f give t m p 4

Bahes dos ot exicitly grph he relaios ewe h wo erms

radig nobl/ignobl) d e ird rm low Bu ey could

so poed, ui, or epe Gimass semioic sqr Ts srucist

grap, hic its atho etrpoed fom he Kn roup is lie lter, qterar eld wihn whh a al is s i oposion o olto is contrr bt o odicory r i aso mles In ohr words oe ny ni of is onied we aotilly onei ofe abse of h nig [-5] as ll s a ppoi sys ofeanig orspondingly iplis s ow bsen 5 In



Jcqus·A< Bi, 9

an idbl t, as Barh, "t ouctn (sral) la . p 185)

eanig orspondingly iplis s ow bsen 5 In

dsigishig bwn h s binry (S n (S2], d th of epli sed pi Gimss sqre pots he cntrditoy S as acolex ter iopoag bh 51 nd S2 wie 5 s desigted eneura em he xpes

io f nee S n 52.

I s possb to lrify nd heighe e relioships le by this sare

b mapig em oo h enoeo that ligiss cll erizaoI is sipes rm, urliztio oeraes in relaio to ary thooses maked d mred ters, te ared er uesoo scoveyig mor ifomo a te aked e i h par d yng oun s te ed em sic say Joh s s aMay" ls us mo tn os oh is as old as " e lae simplyceying g h for indig age pls he. e markedter a he be erlied io e ople oio o f onyig oyoh a agss in lz rm s n «rhry yers old

$1: old/aged

ls"dr tt h

52: yg(ng)

gdfv d

eutlizaio n rodcing hs gnalz ctgory privgs the em o te mrked on beoes more obious if th ar iuesto cies poentially chrge cone. s i e opposion man/

mrked r, wman isappear whi the eutalized col

efo ha cobie bo see i he categoricl ter, ifere

to gender n h onton vsio of he squar woud h witeh ral tm (nie m nor woman) s mty:

X

ctic full ir rducib, t is a form of this same adca negivity n

which the o efu hat nutriaton caied ot y he par adgmthoug whih the hum is s blate d ito a tem of values (obl!gbl), initig intead that h material tem lw s if extalatd

from hu a fntion of Derida's rmar irduibl to thdominant fore It i by mas of ths ecenc tem that Bataie a

hn unseat or foul th padigm by xosig it reprsed material vo

as when he eds hi ay by aying that on is sedced bly wtho

rnspositions and to th point of scraming opening oe' eye wide



X5:aki :po

Bt the neutal te rm need ot be wrten in thi wa nsofa t sdto the ompe term in a rela ton of oppostio the nuta trm can e

onstu so s to gneate a fa more adi negativi oe hat utimtelndoes nerization negatg t To place in he forth position suh hat a mad erm now ecomes he geeaized catgor, i to resist

and disognze the hiachy coed to th puported ntlizd em

it is to coy h volence inried in the smigly nara and slevidnt use of h o mea peso o mean humaiy

It is then possile o nale ths dispacmt and oveurning of n

raliao as he ve wo w hve come o a donsrion peaingof t activity of the thd em wihn Dridas thought, on Geimaianhola xplain If the etaliig term eates th ord, thn t deadontc it not with a nw od but an eplosiv play an playing

of forcs h graft' and rac cat this ploion: by ig a matrm-woman wting wht, ma il-eontution convymor ifomon h a ea ization pmit n th way i eplod

eutralzation in the enunaton of is ow interventio

he enuniaton hat xplods nutalao in tail Bg o i ofoue he imposio of o a a thid tem

nb ole

w h

rnspositions and to th point of scraming, opening oe eye wide

opeing them wd thn beo a big t

W Windng the ok bacwad iacomt sspeds a baove h abyss of th frm mountng a attac on form tht le wthi

form, not otsd it Modrn deams of ratonalizg fom o makingmanifest the pn pls tht subtend its meely pcptal psene hegstalt i one way of thinking about he ording nd coheence of perception o an aleady ogniive oodinaon within th prcepa plenum o

gur plus ground Bt modrism each byond th compl trm ino

th univeralizing one th nithe/nor; th plac whr on looks for h

vy foundatons of fomalion tef nds t i th grid s geneaiaton of oder, in its condiion as innitey xensibe generatrix of formal

poiily:

f

.gd gtlt

Sspeded Bal ahe howv, for he thr h etric th deon st rtv tem low th gomere of s emens-sphrwedglies

body a condion of carnaity th t rfes formlizaio n If th gid ystm

of inesection woks to produe th niesaliz aton of diffncen a

sc neor of oppotosh mgd g of th o'pendulm rs ists h wo of thi wo fai to infoc his diffrnceeuss h rpaed producton of the aegoial laion (mafmale

Istad th nivesa (dfn fals ino the parta of th body apaticla tha as iacometi woks to make explct, is, in is redule

polymorhousn aically nonimple Frthermo if th id's yte

cotrts fo wh he eeal odio o synro the dcorui wo f pdd Bal is ormie t podcio of th

if by pling ao a e heart of t systm: ythmi b

th ation of whih dpo diartuation dymopia.

or morim he eural termuversaizg t nl oditio oform (gstal)omes increasgly to b utd gi S

Ball as us o o a ecetic thrd tm o a rfses h

iblogrphl Nte

Salvdr Daf "Obj pho-nsphques·anorphiqeK L Sumls rvc Rvlti, no. {y 1933) pp 454.

B Maim, Grg Btie "L bs aalie e no 2 1 193 0 1 8 G B V i fE



Ball as us o o a ecetic thrd tm o a rfses hsumion ha grud ca b gnrlizd as n arac lnmitr

gur or roud bu thr sa diion Is "i trm m-

rialiund caral an oa oag h pcodi of h

vsul swhere tha in the tasareny of h gid T em mtxmgt e used or s res, x wih ma womb or old o

die b lso Lyotrds sge, the uons.

iure rn

• tx" geal

2

X Mkt pt Baaill acle o f nam i Dcumns m or

a boo on rim in Cag ad he foreni potograph of h itimsof anland mds Bjam would lat agr t phooaphbas aeteti rouio ew age of mhaia ma wold

popl at io th o o so ta all ari wold co

At who ooghe Pris s thouh it we o may sne o crim.

Bas· was l ntrete i hotong t "sn o crima oe mo siall abou Xmrki te s Hi ie rafiimgs uld e ee rormme y Bat sf mittig o

elti w e o the ves d te hma e diy wals

y v mrk see Cs oe ee lo tr Sxs scussio o

ri blw

Zol See Dle

2 1 193 0 p 18; rpr Geoges Bte Vi ofExcSld Wgs, 927-9 d. and tans Alla tek eapol: Uensta Pr) 8)

v Ar Lcr-Gora, T egi he Cav M c or Meaphy

Ob, . 37 Suer 198), pp. -1 nd Te Hands t ra:T St Ocb n 37 Smmr 198), . 183. Geor Baale, "L

prmtif" D, 2 o 7 {) pp 89-9 w a ri o . H LquL'ar prf {: G. , 93)

Fr ll' tnh t tv r Di ll U V ofIpble" Octbe, o 6 pri 1992).

4 l ThSlcoogap wrpubld b Bro ad Elard O mhe rte c iqunca de lhyerie 1878-1928), L Rvolo rlo 11 (Mh 19 20- T c vlsi bet" i d ae L C (nd Vro 1988), p 6-68 19.

aill's ssay Te Mole d e re < e Word Sh a 1 rtten etme n 9 n roe rtn cd Manit Srealim as never blhe It s einted n Baale, uvs mpl oai almrd 1970), pp 9109 aale V o Ec p 3-44

RoeCailloi sme eychatni M1 no 7 Jn 19

ad y d Lendry schasen trans John hepley nter 9} De Holler's phr ubjcetmence i rom Mand Casrat, 19 Oto no 1 Wer 19

5 Da' phtlae L he d I's ws pbsed pt a exhs y the m a o. 3 {December 19 pp 7677 Grges at, Ds 2 (193 299 { in Vo c; "1s, 1 no 7 {130), p. 82 (ad i fss) For a uion op f trou t rtn th body my Copu elAur F: Phgrapy nd

6 mede Ozfat, d f Md (19) ta oh RN York er Wrre ad nam 931

7 Cam Grges tle e Je lugr" l 1929) p 9-7 n fExs).

8 G. Oe d Jeneret, n L {P: G. Cnd devoe hapte Forti d [piq orn ( 63-6 zn Foudato of d Ar p 288

9 Hat. Tistan zara D'un rin uotismc du gout" M o o. 3 {1933pp. 81-5

Sg Fu "Fetshm, Stadard Edi1 vol 2 pp 152-53

10 Infne au aau Hire du susm Pi: Seil, 1945), p 7. See theaalys of Sp1z Ba in m No Mre y Oiginaiyofhe Avan-Gaed O Modenis s [Cbridg: Pr, 1]

11 ]o Road Brh L mhr d 'il Criiqe . 1 (193,p 772-77 trns Rid Hwd Bae Cl y (Enson Nrt·wt Uiveiy 12 232

For a dussion of jean-Fran�ois Ls nt o matix" captr Fi blo.

X as Gs aille, ar sot" Dumt 2 no. 8 (3p 47.



y

2 Lb. In No o lay I su s Gome o i relt th labintan teodtion o clptu "

13 Roger Callois La a " Mour, . a 134pp. 23-2.

4 bjce ae gmun T Unan, Sandad Edn, vol. 17. 2323.

on Nd rn id Howr (N Yo: v Pr 96 1.

Phoh Wlr Bnamin isry of hoogrpy" 131) i n WSe r Edmud Je d K Shorr (onn: e Boks 179). 20257; n " Wrk i the Ae of Mhi Redcion" (193)in tan. Hay Zhn w Yrk ocn Boks 1969 p 235-7

Miriam Hann Bain' npo h otca nnsos i er Benamn, Cin and Exie," Nw Gman Criq no 40 (Winr 87 pp 27-1 11

1 or Ba Sl! puri," Dcments 2, no 3 13 p 7317 (dn Vn Oant Formtn de l'optique rn

Cie Bll ob I ntu f� Dc 2 o 7 (13p. 2732

een Ror io Miy and gendy PyctnJqs Laan Wat s ? T Fo Fdml Cp Pco-nas 1973) tan Alan Sdan {N Yor W. W oo 197) pp 105-11

8 r jo rge Bie Le el Dmens 1 no 6929) 27-32 and in Vo Ex)

Ra Bh L d x i ed Slr Pri: /18,973 2; ans ird Hr, in Brth, The Ruse Lg Yrk: Hl nd Wn 6 p. 32

9 Uv. rbuie, ib Wii J R. urtis Cbu: Ides and F(Oxfd Pido 1986) p. 7-1.

Va T duon nn dpd n at a lfer, A Gr r Mnn Lncon Unirit o braska r 987)pp 7 -; and on ntn bid. pp 62

rosalind krauss, the optical unconscious

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