Ancient Greece

Roots of Our Worldfrom Ancient GreeceWorld HistoryPeriod 76/10/11Jimmy HuynhMatt ZaporGabby StefanoJake NicolettiChris Klepinger

New title 1LiteratureGreek literature is considered to be the basis of western literature. Its known for its fantastic epics, lyrics, dramas, tragedies, and comedies.Some great philosophers are Socrates, Plato and Aristotle.Greece produced historys greatest writers: Homer, Hesiod, and Pindar.Aeschylus, Sophocles, and Euripides are some of the greatest tragedy writers known to man.Much of Greek literature has been lost over the years, however we still have the Iliad and the Odyssey.

This is Homer, blind bard and author of the Iliad and the Odyssey.

This is Plato, a great and famous Greek philosopher. 2Homers Writings

The Iliad is the telling of the Trojan War. Believed to be written by Homer, the blind bard.Helen, King Menelaus wife, ran away from him to Troy.This enraged Menelaus and so he summoned up all the kings of Greece to invade and attack.Lasted ten years and ended because of Odysseus clever trick, the Trojan Horse.

3Homers WritingsThe Odyssey is the telling of King Odysseus trip back home to Ithaca, after the ten year Trojan war. His trip back home is another ten years, facing dangerous creatures like Cyclopes and six headed monsters.Odysseus wisdom and strength are shown in this epicHe is aided by the goddess Athena and hindered by the God Poseidon.

4GovernmentOligarchyTyrantsDemocracyA ruler who seizes power by forceMost tyrants actually wanted to help the peopleSome didnt care and just wanted powerA government run by a group of peopleSometimes a king with a counselThree branches with a bicameral oneMen onlyAnyone could participateOur government originated from this5Greek and US DemocracyGreek Similarities U.S. GovernmentThree BranchesBicameral LegislativeExecutive Branch controls armed forcesTerm limitsLegislative branch can tax citizensAge RequirementChosen by lotDirect DemocracyTerms lasted one yearMen onlyChosen by votersTerm limits differ each branchRepresentative DemocracyWomen are allowed6Some important figures

Solon was an Athenian tyrant who actually helped peopleHe instituted many reforms that created much controversySome examples include how he bought back slaves who couldnt pay their debts and ending using your freedom as collateral in a deal.He resigned as a tyrant and fled Athens!

Lycurgus was a Spartan leader who made many changes to Spartas government.He had the respect of many, and had power to do a lot.He made some general changes to Spartan government like changing the Senate count and other things.One day, he made all the Senate and Nobles take an oath to observe all his laws until he came back from his visit to the Oracle in Delphi. He starved himself and never came back.7Ancient Greek NavyThe trireme had three rows of oarsmen on each side, totaling 170 oarsmen per ship with thirty marines and 5 officers.This ship was the main vessel from 500 B.C. to 300 B.C.The trireme was equipped with a bronze ram in the front. The ship could travel at up to 8 or 10 knots in order to ram and sink enemy ships. (equivalent to about 10 mph)

They lowered the sails in combat and rowed to defeat their enemies.8Ancient Greek Foot soldierThe soldiers were known as hoplites, and equipped with a thirty-inch shield, a helmet, leg guards, a breastplate, a spear, and a sword. When in battle, the hoplites formed a tightly packed formation known as a phalanx. (bottom picture)They stood shield to shield in rows 8 to 16 soldiers deep.They held their spears out, and pushed through enemy lines by weight alone.Spartan soldiers (On the left) would sacrifice animals to Ares before battle.Athenian soldiers (on the right) would sacrifice animals to Athena before battle.

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Architecture and art Stone Columns ArchesBuilding materials Different kinds of potteryPurposes and ideas behind the pictureAmazing sculpturesPerfectly shaped human body

10Minoan Age2000-1400 B.C.The Minoans built palaces to act as cultural, religious, administrative, and commercial centers.Used for festivities/ gatherings, food storage, and workshops.Minoan palaces had drainage systems, irrigation, aqueducts, and deep wells Rough stones and ceramic bricks = wallsNo walls were built because they were so powerful at the time and protected by their location: an island.

11Minoan Age2000-1400 B.C.First Greeks to use the potters wheel to construct round, smooth pots and containers.Lots of oils and ointments were shipped from Crete in there pots and were found all over the Aegean Sea.

Kamares- fancy, decorative pottery for palaces.

Own unique style of pottery called Marine Style which was sea related.

First served the purpose of holding things like crops but became a beautiful art form.

12Minoan Age2000-1400 B.C.

SculptureFew sculptures survived because it wasnt extremely valued and was often small.Sculptures were dedicated to the Gods or Kings.Metal CraftsMade of gold and copper.Incredibly beautiful designs.Mastered:Wax castingRepousseGildingFaienceNiello

13Mycenaean Age1300 B.C. 1000 B.C.Incorporated aspects of Minoan pottery.

Distinguished by bright colored clay.

Plant and marine designs.

Very symmetrical and stiff.

Changed from functional for carrying supplies to beautiful dcor.

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Used giant stone blocks the size of a car.

Nicknamed Cyclopean Architecture- cities were believed to have been made by Cyclopes.

Used Corbel Vaulting to make arched pathways and circular domes.

PalacesPalaces are strategically made in center of city with a surrounding citadel.

Most were two stories high

Mycenaean Age1300 B.C. 1000 B.C.15Mycenaean Age1300 B.C. 1000 B.C.Made to honor those who are powerful including gods, both in death and life.

Focused on militaristic and mythological topics for sculpture.

Often created miniature sculptures as art.

16The Dark Ages1000 B.C. 700 B.C.During this age, Greece had a set back in language and art.

All cultural progress was slowed to a crawl.

No monumental stone buildings were made.

No paintings were made.

Trade stopped so no more culture spread.

17Classical Age500 B.C. 300 B.C.Many building made by Pericles for Athena Acropolis.

Different kinds of columns used.Doric- for capital building and government and had vertical grooves, top was flat.Ionic- thinner and more elegant as well as scroll design at top.Corinthian- very elegant, top is decorated with acanthus leaves, often used by Romans.

Parthenon was a magnificent temple built on the Athenian Acropolis.

18Classical Age500 B.C. 300 B.C.Used stone, marble and limestone for sculptures.

Mastered how to show joyous freedom of movement and expression in their sculptures.

Portrayed movement instead of stiff sculptures.

19Classical Age500 B.C. 300 B.C.Discovered how to use black and red colors to make pottery.

Usually depicted life or a scene.

Became a very beautiful art form and was highly valued.

Had some kind of borders design.

20Famous Men Of Ancient Greece Math &Science Pythagoras (570-500 BC)Hippocrates (460-390BC)Archimedes (287-211BC) Started the study of math in the Western World. Known as the Father of Modern Medicine Famous for his Eureka!? out burst. Believed to be a miracle worker. Started a school for Medicine in Cos (Kos). Discovered the specific gravity while sitting in his bath tub. Most famous for creating the Pythagorean Theorem. (Next Slide)Showed that disease has natural rather than divine causes. Became first physician to separate science from religion Credited with the invention of the Archimedean Screw (which was used to draw water upwards)

21Ancient Greece Math and Science cont.

Archimedean's ScrewThe Ancient Greeks were the first to study AstronomyMathematicsPhysicsBiology

Believed that one must operate according to the laws of the universe to maintain order. Many of their theories of logic came from mathematics Observed nature, & conducted experiments.

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