ROME SPREADS ITS POWERRome expands territory4th century BC: Rome dominates central Italy390 BC: Gauls (Celtic people) sack RomeRome quickly recovers, defeat Etruscans in NorthDefeat Greek city-states in South265 BC: Romans rule Italy, except Po ValleyLatins become citizens of Rome

WAR WITH CARTHAGE (264 BC)First Punic War• Beginning of Punic Wars• Fought 3 wars between 264-146 BC)• First lasted 23 years• Over control of Sicily, and western Mediterranean Sea• Carthage defeated

Second Punic War•Begins in 218 BC•The General Hannibal leads Carthage•Assembles an enormous army•Led army across Alps, invades northern Italy•Won greatest victory at Cannae in 216 BC•Romans suffer heavy losses•Romans regroup, prevent Hannibal from capturing Rome•Roman General Scipio attacks Carthage•202BC: Romans finally defeat Hannibal

Third Punic War (149-146 BC)Senator Cato of Rome: “Carthage Must be Destroyed”Carthage no longer a threatRomans angered by its return to prosperityRome seizes CarthageCarthage set afire in 146 BC50,000 inhabitants sold into slaveryTerritory made new province of AfricaRome dominates Mediterranean regionRome controls Macedonia and Greece in east70 BC: Empire stretches from Anatolia to Spain