rock slope failure scottish mountains · fenton cf (1992) glasgow - geology / neotectonics 44 sites...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Rock Slope Failure Scottish Mountains · Fenton CF (1992) Glasgow - geology / neotectonics 44 sites in NW Highlands published work : BGS Memoirs Clough Cowal Bailey Ben Nevis & Glencoe](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060914/60a7f8c60d1a990af03a5a29/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Rock Slope Failure in the Scottish Mountains
Edinburgh Geological Society March 2020
David Jarman- mountain landform research -
Ross-shire Scotland
River South Esk
![Page 2: Rock Slope Failure Scottish Mountains · Fenton CF (1992) Glasgow - geology / neotectonics 44 sites in NW Highlands published work : BGS Memoirs Clough Cowal Bailey Ben Nevis & Glencoe](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060914/60a7f8c60d1a990af03a5a29/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Glen Clova
Glen Dollupper
Glen Clova
![Page 3: Rock Slope Failure Scottish Mountains · Fenton CF (1992) Glasgow - geology / neotectonics 44 sites in NW Highlands published work : BGS Memoirs Clough Cowal Bailey Ben Nevis & Glencoe](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060914/60a7f8c60d1a990af03a5a29/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Cairn Broadlands
Glen Clova
Glen Dollupper
Glen Clova
![Page 4: Rock Slope Failure Scottish Mountains · Fenton CF (1992) Glasgow - geology / neotectonics 44 sites in NW Highlands published work : BGS Memoirs Clough Cowal Bailey Ben Nevis & Glencoe](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060914/60a7f8c60d1a990af03a5a29/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Cairn Broadlands
![Page 5: Rock Slope Failure Scottish Mountains · Fenton CF (1992) Glasgow - geology / neotectonics 44 sites in NW Highlands published work : BGS Memoirs Clough Cowal Bailey Ben Nevis & Glencoe](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060914/60a7f8c60d1a990af03a5a29/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
upper Glen Clova
Lochnagar1155Cairn Broadlands
852
![Page 6: Rock Slope Failure Scottish Mountains · Fenton CF (1992) Glasgow - geology / neotectonics 44 sites in NW Highlands published work : BGS Memoirs Clough Cowal Bailey Ben Nevis & Glencoe](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060914/60a7f8c60d1a990af03a5a29/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Cairn Broadlands Rock Slope Failure
![Page 7: Rock Slope Failure Scottish Mountains · Fenton CF (1992) Glasgow - geology / neotectonics 44 sites in NW Highlands published work : BGS Memoirs Clough Cowal Bailey Ben Nevis & Glencoe](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060914/60a7f8c60d1a990af03a5a29/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Cairn Broadlands Rock Slope Failure (RSF)
![Page 8: Rock Slope Failure Scottish Mountains · Fenton CF (1992) Glasgow - geology / neotectonics 44 sites in NW Highlands published work : BGS Memoirs Clough Cowal Bailey Ben Nevis & Glencoe](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060914/60a7f8c60d1a990af03a5a29/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
... has been noticed
![Page 9: Rock Slope Failure Scottish Mountains · Fenton CF (1992) Glasgow - geology / neotectonics 44 sites in NW Highlands published work : BGS Memoirs Clough Cowal Bailey Ben Nevis & Glencoe](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060914/60a7f8c60d1a990af03a5a29/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
JK St Joseph
Air Photograph CollectionCambridge
a rare RSF in this early archive, based largely on what they saw from the air, not previously known
![Page 10: Rock Slope Failure Scottish Mountains · Fenton CF (1992) Glasgow - geology / neotectonics 44 sites in NW Highlands published work : BGS Memoirs Clough Cowal Bailey Ben Nevis & Glencoe](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060914/60a7f8c60d1a990af03a5a29/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
the late John Mendumformerly BGS Edinburgh
- an early attempt at field mapping a large RSF
![Page 11: Rock Slope Failure Scottish Mountains · Fenton CF (1992) Glasgow - geology / neotectonics 44 sites in NW Highlands published work : BGS Memoirs Clough Cowal Bailey Ben Nevis & Glencoe](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060914/60a7f8c60d1a990af03a5a29/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Graham Holmes PhD 1984Edinburgh University RSF - Scottish Highlands .
![Page 12: Rock Slope Failure Scottish Mountains · Fenton CF (1992) Glasgow - geology / neotectonics 44 sites in NW Highlands published work : BGS Memoirs Clough Cowal Bailey Ben Nevis & Glencoe](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060914/60a7f8c60d1a990af03a5a29/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Graham Holmes PhD 1984Edinburgh University - last student of Brian Sissons
![Page 13: Rock Slope Failure Scottish Mountains · Fenton CF (1992) Glasgow - geology / neotectonics 44 sites in NW Highlands published work : BGS Memoirs Clough Cowal Bailey Ben Nevis & Glencoe](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060914/60a7f8c60d1a990af03a5a29/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Cairn BroadlandsThe Rives
![Page 14: Rock Slope Failure Scottish Mountains · Fenton CF (1992) Glasgow - geology / neotectonics 44 sites in NW Highlands published work : BGS Memoirs Clough Cowal Bailey Ben Nevis & Glencoe](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060914/60a7f8c60d1a990af03a5a29/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
exceptionally high headscarp 30-35 m
![Page 15: Rock Slope Failure Scottish Mountains · Fenton CF (1992) Glasgow - geology / neotectonics 44 sites in NW Highlands published work : BGS Memoirs Clough Cowal Bailey Ben Nevis & Glencoe](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060914/60a7f8c60d1a990af03a5a29/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
site photos (c) Wishart Mitchell
![Page 16: Rock Slope Failure Scottish Mountains · Fenton CF (1992) Glasgow - geology / neotectonics 44 sites in NW Highlands published work : BGS Memoirs Clough Cowal Bailey Ben Nevis & Glencoe](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060914/60a7f8c60d1a990af03a5a29/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
![Page 17: Rock Slope Failure Scottish Mountains · Fenton CF (1992) Glasgow - geology / neotectonics 44 sites in NW Highlands published work : BGS Memoirs Clough Cowal Bailey Ben Nevis & Glencoe](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060914/60a7f8c60d1a990af03a5a29/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
![Page 18: Rock Slope Failure Scottish Mountains · Fenton CF (1992) Glasgow - geology / neotectonics 44 sites in NW Highlands published work : BGS Memoirs Clough Cowal Bailey Ben Nevis & Glencoe](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060914/60a7f8c60d1a990af03a5a29/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
The Rives
antiscarps 6-9 m high
![Page 19: Rock Slope Failure Scottish Mountains · Fenton CF (1992) Glasgow - geology / neotectonics 44 sites in NW Highlands published work : BGS Memoirs Clough Cowal Bailey Ben Nevis & Glencoe](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060914/60a7f8c60d1a990af03a5a29/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Bing maps
imagery of exceptional quality
![Page 20: Rock Slope Failure Scottish Mountains · Fenton CF (1992) Glasgow - geology / neotectonics 44 sites in NW Highlands published work : BGS Memoirs Clough Cowal Bailey Ben Nevis & Glencoe](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060914/60a7f8c60d1a990af03a5a29/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
![Page 21: Rock Slope Failure Scottish Mountains · Fenton CF (1992) Glasgow - geology / neotectonics 44 sites in NW Highlands published work : BGS Memoirs Clough Cowal Bailey Ben Nevis & Glencoe](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060914/60a7f8c60d1a990af03a5a29/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
![Page 22: Rock Slope Failure Scottish Mountains · Fenton CF (1992) Glasgow - geology / neotectonics 44 sites in NW Highlands published work : BGS Memoirs Clough Cowal Bailey Ben Nevis & Glencoe](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060914/60a7f8c60d1a990af03a5a29/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
stalkers path fromGlen Doll Lodge car park
![Page 23: Rock Slope Failure Scottish Mountains · Fenton CF (1992) Glasgow - geology / neotectonics 44 sites in NW Highlands published work : BGS Memoirs Clough Cowal Bailey Ben Nevis & Glencoe](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060914/60a7f8c60d1a990af03a5a29/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
![Page 24: Rock Slope Failure Scottish Mountains · Fenton CF (1992) Glasgow - geology / neotectonics 44 sites in NW Highlands published work : BGS Memoirs Clough Cowal Bailey Ben Nevis & Glencoe](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060914/60a7f8c60d1a990af03a5a29/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
![Page 25: Rock Slope Failure Scottish Mountains · Fenton CF (1992) Glasgow - geology / neotectonics 44 sites in NW Highlands published work : BGS Memoirs Clough Cowal Bailey Ben Nevis & Glencoe](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060914/60a7f8c60d1a990af03a5a29/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Juanjorge rock avalanche- exceptional tree cover
![Page 26: Rock Slope Failure Scottish Mountains · Fenton CF (1992) Glasgow - geology / neotectonics 44 sites in NW Highlands published work : BGS Memoirs Clough Cowal Bailey Ben Nevis & Glencoe](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060914/60a7f8c60d1a990af03a5a29/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
isolated ‘moraine’
- glacially reworked earlier event ?
ice off Mounth plateau into trough-head
Juanjorge rock avalanche
![Page 27: Rock Slope Failure Scottish Mountains · Fenton CF (1992) Glasgow - geology / neotectonics 44 sites in NW Highlands published work : BGS Memoirs Clough Cowal Bailey Ben Nevis & Glencoe](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060914/60a7f8c60d1a990af03a5a29/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Glen Doll - Craig Maud rock avalanche
and morainised debris ?
![Page 28: Rock Slope Failure Scottish Mountains · Fenton CF (1992) Glasgow - geology / neotectonics 44 sites in NW Highlands published work : BGS Memoirs Clough Cowal Bailey Ben Nevis & Glencoe](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060914/60a7f8c60d1a990af03a5a29/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Corrie Fee
Glen Doll
upper Glen Clova
.
.the Clova glaciated trough-heads
#16.06CCraig Maud
#16.07Cairn Broadlands
#16.07AJuanjorge.
![Page 29: Rock Slope Failure Scottish Mountains · Fenton CF (1992) Glasgow - geology / neotectonics 44 sites in NW Highlands published work : BGS Memoirs Clough Cowal Bailey Ben Nevis & Glencoe](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060914/60a7f8c60d1a990af03a5a29/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Corrie Fee
Glen Doll
upper Glen Clova
.
.the Clova glaciated trough-heads - paraglacial RSF
#16.06CCraig Maud
#16.07Cairn Broadlands
#16.07AJuanjorge.
![Page 30: Rock Slope Failure Scottish Mountains · Fenton CF (1992) Glasgow - geology / neotectonics 44 sites in NW Highlands published work : BGS Memoirs Clough Cowal Bailey Ben Nevis & Glencoe](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060914/60a7f8c60d1a990af03a5a29/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Corrie Fee
Glen Doll
upper Glen Clova
.
.
..
the Clova glaciated trough-heads - paraglacial RSF
#16.06CCraig Maud
#16.07Cairn Broadlands
#16.07AJuanjorge
#16.07B#16.08
.
the Clova fluvial incisions - parafluvial RSF
![Page 31: Rock Slope Failure Scottish Mountains · Fenton CF (1992) Glasgow - geology / neotectonics 44 sites in NW Highlands published work : BGS Memoirs Clough Cowal Bailey Ben Nevis & Glencoe](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060914/60a7f8c60d1a990af03a5a29/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
#16.08 Capel Burn
classic parafluvial RSF in competent rock sustaining long antiscarps
earlier phase ?
![Page 32: Rock Slope Failure Scottish Mountains · Fenton CF (1992) Glasgow - geology / neotectonics 44 sites in NW Highlands published work : BGS Memoirs Clough Cowal Bailey Ben Nevis & Glencoe](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060914/60a7f8c60d1a990af03a5a29/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
![Page 33: Rock Slope Failure Scottish Mountains · Fenton CF (1992) Glasgow - geology / neotectonics 44 sites in NW Highlands published work : BGS Memoirs Clough Cowal Bailey Ben Nevis & Glencoe](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060914/60a7f8c60d1a990af03a5a29/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
![Page 34: Rock Slope Failure Scottish Mountains · Fenton CF (1992) Glasgow - geology / neotectonics 44 sites in NW Highlands published work : BGS Memoirs Clough Cowal Bailey Ben Nevis & Glencoe](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060914/60a7f8c60d1a990af03a5a29/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
#16.06 Cairn Inks- very small RSF 0.02 km2
from hotel
![Page 35: Rock Slope Failure Scottish Mountains · Fenton CF (1992) Glasgow - geology / neotectonics 44 sites in NW Highlands published work : BGS Memoirs Clough Cowal Bailey Ben Nevis & Glencoe](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060914/60a7f8c60d1a990af03a5a29/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
cirque sequenceevolving down-glenover-mature > mature > immature
876
896
HOTEL
Rottal
Corrie : Bonhard Clova Brandy Wharral Lochanluie
HOTEL
![Page 36: Rock Slope Failure Scottish Mountains · Fenton CF (1992) Glasgow - geology / neotectonics 44 sites in NW Highlands published work : BGS Memoirs Clough Cowal Bailey Ben Nevis & Glencoe](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060914/60a7f8c60d1a990af03a5a29/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
cirque sequenceevolving down-glenover-mature > mature > immature
876
896
HOTEL
Rottal
Corrie : Bonhard Clova Brandy Wharral Lochanluie
HOTEL
N
![Page 37: Rock Slope Failure Scottish Mountains · Fenton CF (1992) Glasgow - geology / neotectonics 44 sites in NW Highlands published work : BGS Memoirs Clough Cowal Bailey Ben Nevis & Glencoe](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060914/60a7f8c60d1a990af03a5a29/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Corrie of Clova Corrie Brandy The Snub Green Hill 870
![Page 38: Rock Slope Failure Scottish Mountains · Fenton CF (1992) Glasgow - geology / neotectonics 44 sites in NW Highlands published work : BGS Memoirs Clough Cowal Bailey Ben Nevis & Glencoe](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060914/60a7f8c60d1a990af03a5a29/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Corrie of Clova Corrie Brandy The Snub Green Hill 870
Corrie of Clova is twice as wide
![Page 39: Rock Slope Failure Scottish Mountains · Fenton CF (1992) Glasgow - geology / neotectonics 44 sites in NW Highlands published work : BGS Memoirs Clough Cowal Bailey Ben Nevis & Glencoe](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060914/60a7f8c60d1a990af03a5a29/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
DDA
DDA
#16.10-13 Corrie of Clova -- Corrie Brandy RSFs relict RSFs DDAs
![Page 40: Rock Slope Failure Scottish Mountains · Fenton CF (1992) Glasgow - geology / neotectonics 44 sites in NW Highlands published work : BGS Memoirs Clough Cowal Bailey Ben Nevis & Glencoe](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060914/60a7f8c60d1a990af03a5a29/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Corrie of Clova
#16.10
![Page 41: Rock Slope Failure Scottish Mountains · Fenton CF (1992) Glasgow - geology / neotectonics 44 sites in NW Highlands published work : BGS Memoirs Clough Cowal Bailey Ben Nevis & Glencoe](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060914/60a7f8c60d1a990af03a5a29/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Corrie of Clova
DDA below - possible earlier RSF phase ?
former ‘Snub’ - destroyed by RSF, yielding compound cirque ?
![Page 42: Rock Slope Failure Scottish Mountains · Fenton CF (1992) Glasgow - geology / neotectonics 44 sites in NW Highlands published work : BGS Memoirs Clough Cowal Bailey Ben Nevis & Glencoe](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060914/60a7f8c60d1a990af03a5a29/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Corrie Brandy W
#16.12 The Snub east flank
Graham Holmes PhD 1984geotechnical analysis
‘bedding’ F dips into slope,resisting sliding
F
fin 200x10x85m
![Page 43: Rock Slope Failure Scottish Mountains · Fenton CF (1992) Glasgow - geology / neotectonics 44 sites in NW Highlands published work : BGS Memoirs Clough Cowal Bailey Ben Nevis & Glencoe](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060914/60a7f8c60d1a990af03a5a29/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Corrie Brandy W
#16.12 The Snub east flank
- detaching fin
fin 200x10x85m collapsed tip earlier phase
![Page 44: Rock Slope Failure Scottish Mountains · Fenton CF (1992) Glasgow - geology / neotectonics 44 sites in NW Highlands published work : BGS Memoirs Clough Cowal Bailey Ben Nevis & Glencoe](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060914/60a7f8c60d1a990af03a5a29/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Corrie Brandy W
#16.12 The Snub east flank
collapse, winter 2016-17
F
fin 200x10x85m collapsed tip earlier phase and cone
(c) Wishart Mitchell
![Page 45: Rock Slope Failure Scottish Mountains · Fenton CF (1992) Glasgow - geology / neotectonics 44 sites in NW Highlands published work : BGS Memoirs Clough Cowal Bailey Ben Nevis & Glencoe](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060914/60a7f8c60d1a990af03a5a29/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
incipient scarps
Corrie Brandy E #16.13 Green Hill - rockslide (with incipient extension)- one of largest Clova RSFs at 0.20 km2
- one of deepest rim invasions in GB at 130 m (Jarman 2009)
![Page 46: Rock Slope Failure Scottish Mountains · Fenton CF (1992) Glasgow - geology / neotectonics 44 sites in NW Highlands published work : BGS Memoirs Clough Cowal Bailey Ben Nevis & Glencoe](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060914/60a7f8c60d1a990af03a5a29/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Clova Shelf
876
896
HOTEL
Rottal
. . . . .. . .
.THE
SNUB
Corrie : Bonhard Clova Brandy Wharral Lochanluie
![Page 47: Rock Slope Failure Scottish Mountains · Fenton CF (1992) Glasgow - geology / neotectonics 44 sites in NW Highlands published work : BGS Memoirs Clough Cowal Bailey Ben Nevis & Glencoe](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060914/60a7f8c60d1a990af03a5a29/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Clova Shelf
RSF contribution enlarge ) destroy (compound cirque) ) trough widening
876
896
HOTEL
Rottal
. . . . .
.
. . .
.
.
THESNUB..
. rim retreat
..
.
Corrie : Bonhard Clova Brandy Wharral Lochanluie
![Page 48: Rock Slope Failure Scottish Mountains · Fenton CF (1992) Glasgow - geology / neotectonics 44 sites in NW Highlands published work : BGS Memoirs Clough Cowal Bailey Ben Nevis & Glencoe](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060914/60a7f8c60d1a990af03a5a29/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
*
.
...
. ...Driesh 947
THE MOUNTH
Red Craigs
.
![Page 49: Rock Slope Failure Scottish Mountains · Fenton CF (1992) Glasgow - geology / neotectonics 44 sites in NW Highlands published work : BGS Memoirs Clough Cowal Bailey Ben Nevis & Glencoe](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060914/60a7f8c60d1a990af03a5a29/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
#16.08A Red Craigs rock slope deformation
![Page 50: Rock Slope Failure Scottish Mountains · Fenton CF (1992) Glasgow - geology / neotectonics 44 sites in NW Highlands published work : BGS Memoirs Clough Cowal Bailey Ben Nevis & Glencoe](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060914/60a7f8c60d1a990af03a5a29/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
#16.08A Red Craigs rock slope deformation
![Page 51: Rock Slope Failure Scottish Mountains · Fenton CF (1992) Glasgow - geology / neotectonics 44 sites in NW Highlands published work : BGS Memoirs Clough Cowal Bailey Ben Nevis & Glencoe](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060914/60a7f8c60d1a990af03a5a29/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
NORWAYOppdal-Kristiansund route
Vollan
Ekketind, Vollan
![Page 52: Rock Slope Failure Scottish Mountains · Fenton CF (1992) Glasgow - geology / neotectonics 44 sites in NW Highlands published work : BGS Memoirs Clough Cowal Bailey Ben Nevis & Glencoe](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060914/60a7f8c60d1a990af03a5a29/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
![Page 53: Rock Slope Failure Scottish Mountains · Fenton CF (1992) Glasgow - geology / neotectonics 44 sites in NW Highlands published work : BGS Memoirs Clough Cowal Bailey Ben Nevis & Glencoe](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060914/60a7f8c60d1a990af03a5a29/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
NORWAYOppdal-Kristiansund route
Vollan
![Page 54: Rock Slope Failure Scottish Mountains · Fenton CF (1992) Glasgow - geology / neotectonics 44 sites in NW Highlands published work : BGS Memoirs Clough Cowal Bailey Ben Nevis & Glencoe](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060914/60a7f8c60d1a990af03a5a29/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
![Page 55: Rock Slope Failure Scottish Mountains · Fenton CF (1992) Glasgow - geology / neotectonics 44 sites in NW Highlands published work : BGS Memoirs Clough Cowal Bailey Ben Nevis & Glencoe](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060914/60a7f8c60d1a990af03a5a29/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
increasing degrees of travel and disintegration
![Page 56: Rock Slope Failure Scottish Mountains · Fenton CF (1992) Glasgow - geology / neotectonics 44 sites in NW Highlands published work : BGS Memoirs Clough Cowal Bailey Ben Nevis & Glencoe](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060914/60a7f8c60d1a990af03a5a29/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
RS
RS RA
RSD
RS rockslideRA rock avalancheRSD rock slope deformation
#16.07Cairn Broadlands
#16.08ARed Craigs#16.06
Cairn Inks
in Glen Clova : 6 12 4
![Page 57: Rock Slope Failure Scottish Mountains · Fenton CF (1992) Glasgow - geology / neotectonics 44 sites in NW Highlands published work : BGS Memoirs Clough Cowal Bailey Ben Nevis & Glencoe](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060914/60a7f8c60d1a990af03a5a29/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
these are not RSFs !!Loch Treigloco now buried
Rest & be Thankful
Glen Ogle
Glen Coe
![Page 58: Rock Slope Failure Scottish Mountains · Fenton CF (1992) Glasgow - geology / neotectonics 44 sites in NW Highlands published work : BGS Memoirs Clough Cowal Bailey Ben Nevis & Glencoe](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060914/60a7f8c60d1a990af03a5a29/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
Rock slope failures – the isolated Glen Clova groupingThe Quaternary of Glen Clova and Strathmore - Field Guideedited by Wishart Mitchell and Ailsa Guild Quaternary Research Association 2019
RS
RS RA
RSD
RS rockslideRA rock avalancheRSD rock slope deformation
#16.07Cairn Broadlands
#16.08ARed Craigs
#16.06Cairn Inks
![Page 59: Rock Slope Failure Scottish Mountains · Fenton CF (1992) Glasgow - geology / neotectonics 44 sites in NW Highlands published work : BGS Memoirs Clough Cowal Bailey Ben Nevis & Glencoe](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060914/60a7f8c60d1a990af03a5a29/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
Rock slope failures – the isolated Glen Clova groupingThe Quaternary of Glen Clova and Strathmore - Field Guideedited by Wishart Mitchell and Ailsa Guild Quaternary Research Association 2019
Rock slope failures of Corrie of Clova and Corrie Brandy
RS
RS RA
RSD
RS rockslideRA rock avalancheRSD rock slope deformation
#16.07Cairn Broadlands
#16.08ARed Craigs
#16.06Cairn Inks
![Page 60: Rock Slope Failure Scottish Mountains · Fenton CF (1992) Glasgow - geology / neotectonics 44 sites in NW Highlands published work : BGS Memoirs Clough Cowal Bailey Ben Nevis & Glencoe](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060914/60a7f8c60d1a990af03a5a29/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
Rock slope failures – the isolated Glen Clova groupingThe Quaternary of Glen Clova and Strathmore - Field Guideedited by Wishart Mitchell and Ailsa Guild Quaternary Research Association 2019
Landscape evolution of the Mounth
RS
RS RA
RSD
RS rockslideRA rock avalancheRSD rock slope deformation
#16.07Cairn Broadlands
#16.08ARed Craigs
#16.06Cairn Inks
![Page 61: Rock Slope Failure Scottish Mountains · Fenton CF (1992) Glasgow - geology / neotectonics 44 sites in NW Highlands published work : BGS Memoirs Clough Cowal Bailey Ben Nevis & Glencoe](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060914/60a7f8c60d1a990af03a5a29/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
Rock slope failures – the isolated Glen Clova groupingThe Quaternary of Glen Clova and Strathmore - Field Guideedited by Wishart Mitchell and Ailsa Guild Quaternary Research Association 2019
Landscape evolution of the Mounth
RS
RS RA
RSD
RS rockslideRA rock avalancheRSD rock slope deformation
#16.07Cairn Broadlands
#16.08ARed Craigs
#16.06Cairn Inks
Adrian Hall
![Page 62: Rock Slope Failure Scottish Mountains · Fenton CF (1992) Glasgow - geology / neotectonics 44 sites in NW Highlands published work : BGS Memoirs Clough Cowal Bailey Ben Nevis & Glencoe](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060914/60a7f8c60d1a990af03a5a29/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
Cairn Broadlands 0.25 km2 175 larger... Glen Clova RSF mini-cluster
22 RSFs - total 2 km2
half RSF average size 0.20 km2
6 identified by Graham Holmes PhD 1984
![Page 63: Rock Slope Failure Scottish Mountains · Fenton CF (1992) Glasgow - geology / neotectonics 44 sites in NW Highlands published work : BGS Memoirs Clough Cowal Bailey Ben Nevis & Glencoe](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060914/60a7f8c60d1a990af03a5a29/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
Cairn Broadlands 0.25 km2 175 larger... Glen Clova RSF mini-cluster
22 RSFs - total 2 km2
half RSF average size 0.20 km2
6 identified by Graham Holmes PhD 1984
![Page 64: Rock Slope Failure Scottish Mountains · Fenton CF (1992) Glasgow - geology / neotectonics 44 sites in NW Highlands published work : BGS Memoirs Clough Cowal Bailey Ben Nevis & Glencoe](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060914/60a7f8c60d1a990af03a5a29/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
Eastern Grampians- generally sparse RSF
TH6
![Page 65: Rock Slope Failure Scottish Mountains · Fenton CF (1992) Glasgow - geology / neotectonics 44 sites in NW Highlands published work : BGS Memoirs Clough Cowal Bailey Ben Nevis & Glencoe](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060914/60a7f8c60d1a990af03a5a29/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
Eastern Grampians- generally sparse RSF
TH6
![Page 66: Rock Slope Failure Scottish Mountains · Fenton CF (1992) Glasgow - geology / neotectonics 44 sites in NW Highlands published work : BGS Memoirs Clough Cowal Bailey Ben Nevis & Glencoe](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060914/60a7f8c60d1a990af03a5a29/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
#16.02 Caenlochan SE
0.72 km2
Glen Isla
photo (c) Wishart Mitchell
![Page 67: Rock Slope Failure Scottish Mountains · Fenton CF (1992) Glasgow - geology / neotectonics 44 sites in NW Highlands published work : BGS Memoirs Clough Cowal Bailey Ben Nevis & Glencoe](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060914/60a7f8c60d1a990af03a5a29/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
#15.21 Carn Damhaireach ‘Top of the Battery’
1.07 km2
Glen Ey, Deeside
photo (c) Bert Barnett
![Page 68: Rock Slope Failure Scottish Mountains · Fenton CF (1992) Glasgow - geology / neotectonics 44 sites in NW Highlands published work : BGS Memoirs Clough Cowal Bailey Ben Nevis & Glencoe](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060914/60a7f8c60d1a990af03a5a29/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
#15.21 Carn Damhaireach ‘Top of the Battery’
1.07 km2
Glen Ey, Deeside
photo (c) Bert Barnett
![Page 69: Rock Slope Failure Scottish Mountains · Fenton CF (1992) Glasgow - geology / neotectonics 44 sites in NW Highlands published work : BGS Memoirs Clough Cowal Bailey Ben Nevis & Glencoe](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060914/60a7f8c60d1a990af03a5a29/html5/thumbnails/69.jpg)
Eastern Grampians- generally sparse RSF
TH6
![Page 70: Rock Slope Failure Scottish Mountains · Fenton CF (1992) Glasgow - geology / neotectonics 44 sites in NW Highlands published work : BGS Memoirs Clough Cowal Bailey Ben Nevis & Glencoe](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060914/60a7f8c60d1a990af03a5a29/html5/thumbnails/70.jpg)
Eastern Grampians- generally sparse RSF
TH6
![Page 71: Rock Slope Failure Scottish Mountains · Fenton CF (1992) Glasgow - geology / neotectonics 44 sites in NW Highlands published work : BGS Memoirs Clough Cowal Bailey Ben Nevis & Glencoe](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060914/60a7f8c60d1a990af03a5a29/html5/thumbnails/71.jpg)
Glen Clova RSF mini-cluster and geology
![Page 72: Rock Slope Failure Scottish Mountains · Fenton CF (1992) Glasgow - geology / neotectonics 44 sites in NW Highlands published work : BGS Memoirs Clough Cowal Bailey Ben Nevis & Glencoe](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060914/60a7f8c60d1a990af03a5a29/html5/thumbnails/72.jpg)
Glen Clova RSF mini-cluster and geology
• not obviously related to lithology• except absent on granite• no marked structural response
(no big mapped faults, possible transverse shears)• no RSFs near Highland Boundary Fault
![Page 73: Rock Slope Failure Scottish Mountains · Fenton CF (1992) Glasgow - geology / neotectonics 44 sites in NW Highlands published work : BGS Memoirs Clough Cowal Bailey Ben Nevis & Glencoe](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060914/60a7f8c60d1a990af03a5a29/html5/thumbnails/73.jpg)
RSF and geology
• dense and sparse on schists• occurs on all other lithologies
![Page 74: Rock Slope Failure Scottish Mountains · Fenton CF (1992) Glasgow - geology / neotectonics 44 sites in NW Highlands published work : BGS Memoirs Clough Cowal Bailey Ben Nevis & Glencoe](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060914/60a7f8c60d1a990af03a5a29/html5/thumbnails/74.jpg)
RSF and geology
• dense and sparse on schists• occurs on all other lithologies
• a secondary control on RSF mode
![Page 75: Rock Slope Failure Scottish Mountains · Fenton CF (1992) Glasgow - geology / neotectonics 44 sites in NW Highlands published work : BGS Memoirs Clough Cowal Bailey Ben Nevis & Glencoe](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060914/60a7f8c60d1a990af03a5a29/html5/thumbnails/75.jpg)
20 - 40o
sliding or
toppling
on “schist” metasediments,exploiting multiple joint sets
![Page 76: Rock Slope Failure Scottish Mountains · Fenton CF (1992) Glasgow - geology / neotectonics 44 sites in NW Highlands published work : BGS Memoirs Clough Cowal Bailey Ben Nevis & Glencoe](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060914/60a7f8c60d1a990af03a5a29/html5/thumbnails/76.jpg)
A 82Tyndrum
West Highland RailwayHorseshoe Curve
West Highland Way Auch Ghleann
![Page 77: Rock Slope Failure Scottish Mountains · Fenton CF (1992) Glasgow - geology / neotectonics 44 sites in NW Highlands published work : BGS Memoirs Clough Cowal Bailey Ben Nevis & Glencoe](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060914/60a7f8c60d1a990af03a5a29/html5/thumbnails/77.jpg)
#3.08 Beinn a’ Chuirn Beinn Mhanach Orchy Munros
![Page 78: Rock Slope Failure Scottish Mountains · Fenton CF (1992) Glasgow - geology / neotectonics 44 sites in NW Highlands published work : BGS Memoirs Clough Cowal Bailey Ben Nevis & Glencoe](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060914/60a7f8c60d1a990af03a5a29/html5/thumbnails/78.jpg)
Auch Ghleann
Loch Lyon
Glen Lyon
Beinn Dorain
glacial breaches of Main Highland Watershed
west - River Orchy, Loch Awe east - Glen Lyon, River Tay
![Page 79: Rock Slope Failure Scottish Mountains · Fenton CF (1992) Glasgow - geology / neotectonics 44 sites in NW Highlands published work : BGS Memoirs Clough Cowal Bailey Ben Nevis & Glencoe](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060914/60a7f8c60d1a990af03a5a29/html5/thumbnails/79.jpg)
Auch Ghleann
Loch Lyon
Glen Lyon
Beinn Dorain
*
*
glacial breaches of Main Highland Watershed
west - River Orchy, Loch Awe east - Glen Lyon, River Tayphoto (c) John Digney
![Page 80: Rock Slope Failure Scottish Mountains · Fenton CF (1992) Glasgow - geology / neotectonics 44 sites in NW Highlands published work : BGS Memoirs Clough Cowal Bailey Ben Nevis & Glencoe](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060914/60a7f8c60d1a990af03a5a29/html5/thumbnails/80.jpg)
#3.08A-C Beinn a’ Chreachain Orchy - Lyon
![Page 81: Rock Slope Failure Scottish Mountains · Fenton CF (1992) Glasgow - geology / neotectonics 44 sites in NW Highlands published work : BGS Memoirs Clough Cowal Bailey Ben Nevis & Glencoe](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060914/60a7f8c60d1a990af03a5a29/html5/thumbnails/81.jpg)
#3.08A-C Beinn a’ Chreachain Orchy - Lyon
Millennium Tent
![Page 82: Rock Slope Failure Scottish Mountains · Fenton CF (1992) Glasgow - geology / neotectonics 44 sites in NW Highlands published work : BGS Memoirs Clough Cowal Bailey Ben Nevis & Glencoe](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060914/60a7f8c60d1a990af03a5a29/html5/thumbnails/82.jpg)
#3.08A-C Beinn a’ Chreachain Orchy - Lyon
domed peak >>> ‘horn’
![Page 83: Rock Slope Failure Scottish Mountains · Fenton CF (1992) Glasgow - geology / neotectonics 44 sites in NW Highlands published work : BGS Memoirs Clough Cowal Bailey Ben Nevis & Glencoe](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060914/60a7f8c60d1a990af03a5a29/html5/thumbnails/83.jpg)
nasty fissures
#3.08A-C Beinn a’ Chreachain Orchy - Lyon
![Page 84: Rock Slope Failure Scottish Mountains · Fenton CF (1992) Glasgow - geology / neotectonics 44 sites in NW Highlands published work : BGS Memoirs Clough Cowal Bailey Ben Nevis & Glencoe](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060914/60a7f8c60d1a990af03a5a29/html5/thumbnails/84.jpg)
#3.07 Meall Tionail - Coire ChirdleOrchy - Lyon
![Page 85: Rock Slope Failure Scottish Mountains · Fenton CF (1992) Glasgow - geology / neotectonics 44 sites in NW Highlands published work : BGS Memoirs Clough Cowal Bailey Ben Nevis & Glencoe](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060914/60a7f8c60d1a990af03a5a29/html5/thumbnails/85.jpg)
Loch Lyon
Creag Mhor
Beinn Heasgarnich
#3.07 Meall Tionail - Coire ChirdleOrchy - Lyon
![Page 86: Rock Slope Failure Scottish Mountains · Fenton CF (1992) Glasgow - geology / neotectonics 44 sites in NW Highlands published work : BGS Memoirs Clough Cowal Bailey Ben Nevis & Glencoe](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060914/60a7f8c60d1a990af03a5a29/html5/thumbnails/86.jpg)
Orchy - Lyon RSF cluster Glen Lyon / Lochay zone of sparsity
14 RSFs 4 large
*
*
*
![Page 87: Rock Slope Failure Scottish Mountains · Fenton CF (1992) Glasgow - geology / neotectonics 44 sites in NW Highlands published work : BGS Memoirs Clough Cowal Bailey Ben Nevis & Glencoe](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060914/60a7f8c60d1a990af03a5a29/html5/thumbnails/87.jpg)
Ben Lawers
Ben Lawers
**
photo (c) John Digney
Glen Lyon / Lochay zone of sparsity
![Page 88: Rock Slope Failure Scottish Mountains · Fenton CF (1992) Glasgow - geology / neotectonics 44 sites in NW Highlands published work : BGS Memoirs Clough Cowal Bailey Ben Nevis & Glencoe](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060914/60a7f8c60d1a990af03a5a29/html5/thumbnails/88.jpg)
photo (c) John Digney
![Page 89: Rock Slope Failure Scottish Mountains · Fenton CF (1992) Glasgow - geology / neotectonics 44 sites in NW Highlands published work : BGS Memoirs Clough Cowal Bailey Ben Nevis & Glencoe](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060914/60a7f8c60d1a990af03a5a29/html5/thumbnails/89.jpg)
ruin is formal, devil's workconsecutive and slow -fail in an instant no man didslipping is crash's law Emily Dickinson
![Page 90: Rock Slope Failure Scottish Mountains · Fenton CF (1992) Glasgow - geology / neotectonics 44 sites in NW Highlands published work : BGS Memoirs Clough Cowal Bailey Ben Nevis & Glencoe](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060914/60a7f8c60d1a990af03a5a29/html5/thumbnails/90.jpg)
ruin is formal, devil's workconsecutive and slow -fail in an instant no man didslipping is crash's law Emily Dickinson
![Page 91: Rock Slope Failure Scottish Mountains · Fenton CF (1992) Glasgow - geology / neotectonics 44 sites in NW Highlands published work : BGS Memoirs Clough Cowal Bailey Ben Nevis & Glencoe](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060914/60a7f8c60d1a990af03a5a29/html5/thumbnails/91.jpg)
#3.16-17 Ben Lawers SW0.25 km2
![Page 92: Rock Slope Failure Scottish Mountains · Fenton CF (1992) Glasgow - geology / neotectonics 44 sites in NW Highlands published work : BGS Memoirs Clough Cowal Bailey Ben Nevis & Glencoe](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060914/60a7f8c60d1a990af03a5a29/html5/thumbnails/92.jpg)
Orchy-Lyon breachplex
- late-stage glacial transfluence
Glen Clova
- trough-head incision- cirque enlargement
![Page 93: Rock Slope Failure Scottish Mountains · Fenton CF (1992) Glasgow - geology / neotectonics 44 sites in NW Highlands published work : BGS Memoirs Clough Cowal Bailey Ben Nevis & Glencoe](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060914/60a7f8c60d1a990af03a5a29/html5/thumbnails/93.jpg)
Orchy-Lyon breachplex
- late-stage glacial transfluence
CEB – Concentrated Erosion of Bedrock
[CEB] : [RSF]
Glen Clova
- trough-head incision- cirque enlargement
![Page 94: Rock Slope Failure Scottish Mountains · Fenton CF (1992) Glasgow - geology / neotectonics 44 sites in NW Highlands published work : BGS Memoirs Clough Cowal Bailey Ben Nevis & Glencoe](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060914/60a7f8c60d1a990af03a5a29/html5/thumbnails/94.jpg)
![Page 95: Rock Slope Failure Scottish Mountains · Fenton CF (1992) Glasgow - geology / neotectonics 44 sites in NW Highlands published work : BGS Memoirs Clough Cowal Bailey Ben Nevis & Glencoe](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060914/60a7f8c60d1a990af03a5a29/html5/thumbnails/95.jpg)
![Page 96: Rock Slope Failure Scottish Mountains · Fenton CF (1992) Glasgow - geology / neotectonics 44 sites in NW Highlands published work : BGS Memoirs Clough Cowal Bailey Ben Nevis & Glencoe](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060914/60a7f8c60d1a990af03a5a29/html5/thumbnails/96.jpg)
#1W77 The Cobbler
antiscarp
![Page 97: Rock Slope Failure Scottish Mountains · Fenton CF (1992) Glasgow - geology / neotectonics 44 sites in NW Highlands published work : BGS Memoirs Clough Cowal Bailey Ben Nevis & Glencoe](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060914/60a7f8c60d1a990af03a5a29/html5/thumbnails/97.jpg)
#1W77 The Cobbler
antiscarp
headscarp
![Page 98: Rock Slope Failure Scottish Mountains · Fenton CF (1992) Glasgow - geology / neotectonics 44 sites in NW Highlands published work : BGS Memoirs Clough Cowal Bailey Ben Nevis & Glencoe](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060914/60a7f8c60d1a990af03a5a29/html5/thumbnails/98.jpg)
desuetude
#1W77 The Cobbler
antiscarp
headscarp
![Page 99: Rock Slope Failure Scottish Mountains · Fenton CF (1992) Glasgow - geology / neotectonics 44 sites in NW Highlands published work : BGS Memoirs Clough Cowal Bailey Ben Nevis & Glencoe](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060914/60a7f8c60d1a990af03a5a29/html5/thumbnails/99.jpg)
online Supporting Files - more key figures, - slide sets for typical RSFs and main clusters
(also available on ResearchGate site)
![Page 100: Rock Slope Failure Scottish Mountains · Fenton CF (1992) Glasgow - geology / neotectonics 44 sites in NW Highlands published work : BGS Memoirs Clough Cowal Bailey Ben Nevis & Glencoe](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060914/60a7f8c60d1a990af03a5a29/html5/thumbnails/100.jpg)
Montane Rock Slope Failure - British Mountains research
unpublished PhDs : Watters RJ (1972) London - engineering geology 20 sites analysed
Holmes G (1984) Edinburgh - geomorphology 340 sites (20 analysed) Fenton CF (1992) Glasgow - geology / neotectonics 44 sites in NW Highlands
![Page 101: Rock Slope Failure Scottish Mountains · Fenton CF (1992) Glasgow - geology / neotectonics 44 sites in NW Highlands published work : BGS Memoirs Clough Cowal Bailey Ben Nevis & Glencoe](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060914/60a7f8c60d1a990af03a5a29/html5/thumbnails/101.jpg)
Montane Rock Slope Failure - British Mountains research
unpublished PhDs : Watters RJ (1972) London - engineering geology 20 sites analysed
Holmes G (1984) Edinburgh - geomorphology 340 sites (20 analysed) Fenton CF (1992) Glasgow - geology / neotectonics 44 sites in NW Highlands
published work : BGS Memoirs
Clough Cowal Bailey Ben Nevis & Glencoe - MamoresJohnstone West HighlandsPeacock Glen Roy - Glen Gloy, Affric - KintailMerritt Great Glen - Gaick - Beinn a’ GhloKrabbendam Glen Almond
![Page 102: Rock Slope Failure Scottish Mountains · Fenton CF (1992) Glasgow - geology / neotectonics 44 sites in NW Highlands published work : BGS Memoirs Clough Cowal Bailey Ben Nevis & Glencoe](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060914/60a7f8c60d1a990af03a5a29/html5/thumbnails/102.jpg)
Montane Rock Slope Failure - British Mountains research
unpublished PhDs : Watters RJ (1972) London - engineering geology 20 sites analysed
Holmes G (1984) Edinburgh - geomorphology 340 sites (20 analysed)
Fenton CF (1992) Glasgow - geology / neotectonics 44 sites in NW Highlands
published work : BGS Memoirs
‘the legendary CT Clough’ Cowal 1897 ‘great landslips’
![Page 103: Rock Slope Failure Scottish Mountains · Fenton CF (1992) Glasgow - geology / neotectonics 44 sites in NW Highlands published work : BGS Memoirs Clough Cowal Bailey Ben Nevis & Glencoe](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060914/60a7f8c60d1a990af03a5a29/html5/thumbnails/103.jpg)
Montane Rock Slope Failure - British Mountains research
unpublished PhDs : Watters RJ (1972) London - engineering geology 20 sites analysed
Holmes G (1984) Edinburgh - geomorphology 340 sites (20 analysed)
Fenton CF (1992) Glasgow - geology / neotectonics 44 sites in NW Highlands
published work : BGS Memoirs
‘the legendary CT Clough’ Cowal 1897 ‘great landslips’
#1W37 Garbh Loch Long1.75 km2
![Page 104: Rock Slope Failure Scottish Mountains · Fenton CF (1992) Glasgow - geology / neotectonics 44 sites in NW Highlands published work : BGS Memoirs Clough Cowal Bailey Ben Nevis & Glencoe](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060914/60a7f8c60d1a990af03a5a29/html5/thumbnails/104.jpg)
Montane Rock Slope Failure - British Mountains research
unpublished PhDs : Watters RJ (1972) London - engineering geology 20 sites analysed
Holmes G (1984) Edinburgh - geomorphology 340 sites (20 analysed)
Fenton CF (1992) Glasgow - geology / neotectonics 44 sites in NW Highlands
published work : BGS Memoirs 1897-
Ballantyne CK 1986 / 91 / 97 overviews
2013 cavities left by previous glacial cycle2014 etc cosmodating (31 RSFs - rockavs only)
Jarman D 2006 Engineering Geology - Highlands overview 2007 GCR Mass Movements - overview, 10 sites
2009 paraglacial trough widening by RSF
2003-2016 QRA Field Guides (6)
2013 Geological Society of Glasgow website - Arrochar Alps
Lake District :Wilson P 2004 Proc Cumberland Geol Soc and site papers
& Jarman 2015 etc QRA Field Guide and two joint site papers
Southern Uplands / Wales : nil
![Page 105: Rock Slope Failure Scottish Mountains · Fenton CF (1992) Glasgow - geology / neotectonics 44 sites in NW Highlands published work : BGS Memoirs Clough Cowal Bailey Ben Nevis & Glencoe](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060914/60a7f8c60d1a990af03a5a29/html5/thumbnails/105.jpg)
Montane Rock Slope Failure - British Mountains research
unpublished PhDs : Watters RJ (1972) London - engineering geology 20 sites analysed
Holmes G (1984) Edinburgh - geomorphology 340 sites (20 analysed)
Fenton CF (1992) Glasgow - geology / neotectonics 44 sites in NW Highlands
published work : BGS Memoirs 1897-
Ballantyne CK 1986 / 91 / 97 overviews
2013 cavities left by previous glacial cycle2014 etc cosmodating (31 RSFs - rockavs only
Jarman D 2006 Engineering Geology - Highlands overview 2007 GCR Mass Movements - overview, 10 sites
2009 paraglacial trough widening by RSF
2003-2016 QRA Field Guides (6)
2013 Geological Society of Glasgow website - Arrochar Alps
Lake District :Wilson P 2004 Proc Cumberland Geol Soc and site papers
& Jarman 2015 etc QRA Field Guide and two joint site papers
Southern Uplands / Wales : nil
![Page 106: Rock Slope Failure Scottish Mountains · Fenton CF (1992) Glasgow - geology / neotectonics 44 sites in NW Highlands published work : BGS Memoirs Clough Cowal Bailey Ben Nevis & Glencoe](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060914/60a7f8c60d1a990af03a5a29/html5/thumbnails/106.jpg)
Montane Rock Slope Failure - Inventory 2018(British mountains - pre-Devonian)
sites total area average size large sites >0.01km2 km2 km2 >0.25 km2
Scottish Highlands 920 164 0.18 177Southern Uplands 37 5 0.14 5Lake District 77 14 0.19 16Wales 48 8 0.17 10
British mountains 1082 191 0.18 208
rock avalanche 20%rockslide 40%rock slope deformation 40%
![Page 107: Rock Slope Failure Scottish Mountains · Fenton CF (1992) Glasgow - geology / neotectonics 44 sites in NW Highlands published work : BGS Memoirs Clough Cowal Bailey Ben Nevis & Glencoe](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060914/60a7f8c60d1a990af03a5a29/html5/thumbnails/107.jpg)
Rock Slope Failure - clustering
Scottish Highlands :920 sitesaverage size 0.18 km2 max 3 km2
8 main clusters
![Page 108: Rock Slope Failure Scottish Mountains · Fenton CF (1992) Glasgow - geology / neotectonics 44 sites in NW Highlands published work : BGS Memoirs Clough Cowal Bailey Ben Nevis & Glencoe](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060914/60a7f8c60d1a990af03a5a29/html5/thumbnails/108.jpg)
Rock Slope Failure - clustering
Scottish Highlands :920 sitesaverage size 0.18 km2 max 3 km2
8 main clusters
up from 7 in 2006 paper Glen Almond
![Page 109: Rock Slope Failure Scottish Mountains · Fenton CF (1992) Glasgow - geology / neotectonics 44 sites in NW Highlands published work : BGS Memoirs Clough Cowal Bailey Ben Nevis & Glencoe](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060914/60a7f8c60d1a990af03a5a29/html5/thumbnails/109.jpg)
Rock Slope Failure - clustering
Scottish Highlands :920 sitesaverage size 0.18 km2 max 3 km2
8 main clusters - 76% of RSF extent - within 15% of montane area
![Page 110: Rock Slope Failure Scottish Mountains · Fenton CF (1992) Glasgow - geology / neotectonics 44 sites in NW Highlands published work : BGS Memoirs Clough Cowal Bailey Ben Nevis & Glencoe](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060914/60a7f8c60d1a990af03a5a29/html5/thumbnails/110.jpg)
Rock Slope Failure - clustering
Scottish Highlands :920 sitesaverage size 0.18 km2 max 3 km2
8 main clusters
14 Local Concentrations
TH6 Glen Clova trough-head/cirques
LC3 Orchy-Lyon glacial breaches
![Page 111: Rock Slope Failure Scottish Mountains · Fenton CF (1992) Glasgow - geology / neotectonics 44 sites in NW Highlands published work : BGS Memoirs Clough Cowal Bailey Ben Nevis & Glencoe](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060914/60a7f8c60d1a990af03a5a29/html5/thumbnails/111.jpg)
Rock Slope Failure - clustering
Scottish Highlands :920 sitesaverage size 0.18 km2 max 3 km2
strong association with glacial breaches
![Page 112: Rock Slope Failure Scottish Mountains · Fenton CF (1992) Glasgow - geology / neotectonics 44 sites in NW Highlands published work : BGS Memoirs Clough Cowal Bailey Ben Nevis & Glencoe](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060914/60a7f8c60d1a990af03a5a29/html5/thumbnails/112.jpg)
Rock Slope Failure - clustering
Scottish Highlands :920 sitesaverage size 0.18 km2 max 3 km2
strong association with glacial breaches
also with trough-heads (in E & N)
![Page 113: Rock Slope Failure Scottish Mountains · Fenton CF (1992) Glasgow - geology / neotectonics 44 sites in NW Highlands published work : BGS Memoirs Clough Cowal Bailey Ben Nevis & Glencoe](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060914/60a7f8c60d1a990af03a5a29/html5/thumbnails/113.jpg)
Rock Slope Failure - clustering
Scottish Highlands :920 sitesaverage size 0.18 km2 max 3 km2
strong association with glacial breaches where
[CEB] : [RSF] Concentrated Erosion of Bedrock
focussed during last glaciation(s)
![Page 114: Rock Slope Failure Scottish Mountains · Fenton CF (1992) Glasgow - geology / neotectonics 44 sites in NW Highlands published work : BGS Memoirs Clough Cowal Bailey Ben Nevis & Glencoe](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060914/60a7f8c60d1a990af03a5a29/html5/thumbnails/114.jpg)
Rock Slope Failure - clustering
Scottish Highlands :920 sitesaverage size 0.18 km2 max 3 km2
strong association with glacial breaches, where
[CEB] : [RSF] Concentrated Erosion of Bedrock
focussed during last glaciation(s), augmenting slope stresses to provoke failure
![Page 115: Rock Slope Failure Scottish Mountains · Fenton CF (1992) Glasgow - geology / neotectonics 44 sites in NW Highlands published work : BGS Memoirs Clough Cowal Bailey Ben Nevis & Glencoe](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060914/60a7f8c60d1a990af03a5a29/html5/thumbnails/115.jpg)
Rock Slope Failure - clustering
augmenting slope stresses to provoke failure
![Page 116: Rock Slope Failure Scottish Mountains · Fenton CF (1992) Glasgow - geology / neotectonics 44 sites in NW Highlands published work : BGS Memoirs Clough Cowal Bailey Ben Nevis & Glencoe](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060914/60a7f8c60d1a990af03a5a29/html5/thumbnails/116.jpg)
Rock Slope Failure - clustering
augmenting slope stresses to provoke failure
antiscarps
![Page 117: Rock Slope Failure Scottish Mountains · Fenton CF (1992) Glasgow - geology / neotectonics 44 sites in NW Highlands published work : BGS Memoirs Clough Cowal Bailey Ben Nevis & Glencoe](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060914/60a7f8c60d1a990af03a5a29/html5/thumbnails/117.jpg)
Rock Slope Failure - clustering
augmenting slope stresses to provoke failure
antiscarps
Glen Shiel
Knoydart
![Page 118: Rock Slope Failure Scottish Mountains · Fenton CF (1992) Glasgow - geology / neotectonics 44 sites in NW Highlands published work : BGS Memoirs Clough Cowal Bailey Ben Nevis & Glencoe](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060914/60a7f8c60d1a990af03a5a29/html5/thumbnails/118.jpg)
Rock Slope Failure - clustering
augmenting slope stresses to provoke failure
unloading after deglaciation
![Page 119: Rock Slope Failure Scottish Mountains · Fenton CF (1992) Glasgow - geology / neotectonics 44 sites in NW Highlands published work : BGS Memoirs Clough Cowal Bailey Ben Nevis & Glencoe](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060914/60a7f8c60d1a990af03a5a29/html5/thumbnails/119.jpg)
Rock Slope Failure - clustering
augmenting slope stresses to provoke failure
unloading after deglaciation
![Page 120: Rock Slope Failure Scottish Mountains · Fenton CF (1992) Glasgow - geology / neotectonics 44 sites in NW Highlands published work : BGS Memoirs Clough Cowal Bailey Ben Nevis & Glencoe](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060914/60a7f8c60d1a990af03a5a29/html5/thumbnails/120.jpg)
Rock Slope Failure - clustering
augmenting slope stresses to provoke failure
unloading after deglaciation
in main glen: 50N from ice weight(uniform all glens / whole length)
10N from erosion of bedrockmax 1-3 mm/yr 10--30 m cycle ?
![Page 121: Rock Slope Failure Scottish Mountains · Fenton CF (1992) Glasgow - geology / neotectonics 44 sites in NW Highlands published work : BGS Memoirs Clough Cowal Bailey Ben Nevis & Glencoe](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060914/60a7f8c60d1a990af03a5a29/html5/thumbnails/121.jpg)
Rock Slope Failure - clustering
augmenting slope stresses to provoke failure
unloading after deglaciation
in main glen: 50N from ice weight(uniform all glens / whole length)
10N from erosion of bedrockmax 1-3 mm/yr 10--30 m cycle ?
![Page 122: Rock Slope Failure Scottish Mountains · Fenton CF (1992) Glasgow - geology / neotectonics 44 sites in NW Highlands published work : BGS Memoirs Clough Cowal Bailey Ben Nevis & Glencoe](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060914/60a7f8c60d1a990af03a5a29/html5/thumbnails/122.jpg)
Rock Slope Failure - clustering
augmenting slope stresses to provoke failure
unloading after deglaciation
in main glen: 50N from ice weight(uniform all glens / whole length)
10N from erosion of bedrockmax 1-3 mm/yr 10--30 m cycle ?
in breach: 30N from ice weight(breach not so deep)
50N from erosion of bedrock
![Page 123: Rock Slope Failure Scottish Mountains · Fenton CF (1992) Glasgow - geology / neotectonics 44 sites in NW Highlands published work : BGS Memoirs Clough Cowal Bailey Ben Nevis & Glencoe](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060914/60a7f8c60d1a990af03a5a29/html5/thumbnails/123.jpg)
Rock Slope Failure - clustering
augmenting slope stresses to provoke failure
unloading after deglaciation
in main glen: 50N from ice weight(uniform all glens / whole length)
10N from erosion of bedrockmax 1-3 mm/yr 10--30 m cycle ?
in breach: 30N from ice weight(breach not so deep)
50N from erosion of bedrock [CEB]
![Page 124: Rock Slope Failure Scottish Mountains · Fenton CF (1992) Glasgow - geology / neotectonics 44 sites in NW Highlands published work : BGS Memoirs Clough Cowal Bailey Ben Nevis & Glencoe](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060914/60a7f8c60d1a990af03a5a29/html5/thumbnails/124.jpg)
Rock Slope Failure - clustering
augmenting slope stresses to provoke failure
antiscarps
unloading after deglaciation
in main glen: 50N from ice weight(uniform all glens / whole length)
10N from erosion of bedrockmax 1-3 mm/yr 10--30 m cycle ?
in breach: 30N from ice weight(breach not so deep)
50N from erosion of bedrock
![Page 125: Rock Slope Failure Scottish Mountains · Fenton CF (1992) Glasgow - geology / neotectonics 44 sites in NW Highlands published work : BGS Memoirs Clough Cowal Bailey Ben Nevis & Glencoe](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060914/60a7f8c60d1a990af03a5a29/html5/thumbnails/125.jpg)
Rock Slope Failure - clustering
augmenting slope stresses to provoke failure
unloading after deglaciation
in main glen: 50N from ice weight(uniform all glens / whole length)
10N from erosion of bedrockmax 1-3 mm/yr 10--30 m cycle ?
in breach: 30N from ice weight(breach not so deep)
50N from erosion of bedrock 5-10 x max 3-500 m in 1-2 cycles
![Page 126: Rock Slope Failure Scottish Mountains · Fenton CF (1992) Glasgow - geology / neotectonics 44 sites in NW Highlands published work : BGS Memoirs Clough Cowal Bailey Ben Nevis & Glencoe](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060914/60a7f8c60d1a990af03a5a29/html5/thumbnails/126.jpg)
Rock Slope Failure - clustering
augmenting slope stresses to provoke failure
unloading after deglaciation
in main glen: 50N from ice weight(uniform all glens / whole length)
10N from erosion of bedrockmax 1-3 mm/yr 10--30 m cycle ?
in breach: 30N from ice weight(breach not so deep)
50N from erosion of bedrock 5-10 x max 3-500 m in 1-2 cycles
![Page 127: Rock Slope Failure Scottish Mountains · Fenton CF (1992) Glasgow - geology / neotectonics 44 sites in NW Highlands published work : BGS Memoirs Clough Cowal Bailey Ben Nevis & Glencoe](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060914/60a7f8c60d1a990af03a5a29/html5/thumbnails/127.jpg)
Rock Slope Failure - clustering
augmenting slope stresses to provoke failure
antiscarps
unloading after deglaciation
in main glen: 50N from ice weight(uniform all glens / whole length)
10N from erosion of bedrockmax 1-3 mm/yr 10--30 m cycle ?
in breach: 30N from ice weight(breach not so deep)
50N from erosion of bedrock 5-10 x max 3-500 m in 1-2 cycles
50 + 10 N = 60
30 + 50 N = 80
![Page 128: Rock Slope Failure Scottish Mountains · Fenton CF (1992) Glasgow - geology / neotectonics 44 sites in NW Highlands published work : BGS Memoirs Clough Cowal Bailey Ben Nevis & Glencoe](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060914/60a7f8c60d1a990af03a5a29/html5/thumbnails/128.jpg)
Rock Slope Failure - clustering
augmenting slope stresses to provoke failure
“petro-isostatic rebound”
unloading after deglaciation
in main glen: 50N from ice weight(uniform all glens / whole length)
10N from erosion of bedrockmax 1-3 mm/yr 10--30 m cycle ?
in breach: 30N from ice weight(breach not so deep)
50N from erosion of bedrock 5-10 x max 3-500 m in 1-2 cycles
![Page 129: Rock Slope Failure Scottish Mountains · Fenton CF (1992) Glasgow - geology / neotectonics 44 sites in NW Highlands published work : BGS Memoirs Clough Cowal Bailey Ben Nevis & Glencoe](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060914/60a7f8c60d1a990af03a5a29/html5/thumbnails/129.jpg)
unloading after deglaciation
in main glen: 50N from ice weight(uniform all glens / whole length)
10N from erosion of bedrockmax 1-3 mm/yr 10--30 m cycle ?
in breach: 30N from ice weight(breach not so deep)
50N from erosion of bedrock 5-10 x max 3-500 m in 1-2 cycles
Rock Slope Failure - clustering
augmenting slope stresses to provoke failure “petro-isostatic rebound”
![Page 130: Rock Slope Failure Scottish Mountains · Fenton CF (1992) Glasgow - geology / neotectonics 44 sites in NW Highlands published work : BGS Memoirs Clough Cowal Bailey Ben Nevis & Glencoe](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060914/60a7f8c60d1a990af03a5a29/html5/thumbnails/130.jpg)
unloading after deglaciation
in main glen: 50N from ice weight(uniform all glens / whole length)
10N from erosion of bedrockmax 1-3 mm/yr 10--30 m cycle ?
in breach: 30N from ice weight(breach not so deep)
50N from erosion of bedrock 5-10 x max 3-500 m in 1-2 cycles
Rock Slope Failure - clustering
augmenting slope stresses to provoke failure “petro-isostatic rebound”
- gravity comes later
![Page 131: Rock Slope Failure Scottish Mountains · Fenton CF (1992) Glasgow - geology / neotectonics 44 sites in NW Highlands published work : BGS Memoirs Clough Cowal Bailey Ben Nevis & Glencoe](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060914/60a7f8c60d1a990af03a5a29/html5/thumbnails/131.jpg)
RSF Scottish Highlands
clustering -v- sparsity
clusters – glacial dissection
~50% RSFs in / below glacial breaches
window breach (col)
doorway breach (pass)
![Page 132: Rock Slope Failure Scottish Mountains · Fenton CF (1992) Glasgow - geology / neotectonics 44 sites in NW Highlands published work : BGS Memoirs Clough Cowal Bailey Ben Nevis & Glencoe](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060914/60a7f8c60d1a990af03a5a29/html5/thumbnails/132.jpg)
RSF Scottish Highlands
clustering -v- sparsity
clusters – glacial dissection
~50% RSFs in / below glacial breaches
window breach (col)
doorway breach (pass) - breaches : not of present main watersheds but of preglacial paleodivides
![Page 133: Rock Slope Failure Scottish Mountains · Fenton CF (1992) Glasgow - geology / neotectonics 44 sites in NW Highlands published work : BGS Memoirs Clough Cowal Bailey Ben Nevis & Glencoe](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060914/60a7f8c60d1a990af03a5a29/html5/thumbnails/133.jpg)
main paleodivides west-centred
![Page 134: Rock Slope Failure Scottish Mountains · Fenton CF (1992) Glasgow - geology / neotectonics 44 sites in NW Highlands published work : BGS Memoirs Clough Cowal Bailey Ben Nevis & Glencoe](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060914/60a7f8c60d1a990af03a5a29/html5/thumbnails/134.jpg)
ice sheet builds
![Page 135: Rock Slope Failure Scottish Mountains · Fenton CF (1992) Glasgow - geology / neotectonics 44 sites in NW Highlands published work : BGS Memoirs Clough Cowal Bailey Ben Nevis & Glencoe](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060914/60a7f8c60d1a990af03a5a29/html5/thumbnails/135.jpg)
iceshed becomes offset east
![Page 136: Rock Slope Failure Scottish Mountains · Fenton CF (1992) Glasgow - geology / neotectonics 44 sites in NW Highlands published work : BGS Memoirs Clough Cowal Bailey Ben Nevis & Glencoe](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060914/60a7f8c60d1a990af03a5a29/html5/thumbnails/136.jpg)
powerful driver of glacial breaching
![Page 137: Rock Slope Failure Scottish Mountains · Fenton CF (1992) Glasgow - geology / neotectonics 44 sites in NW Highlands published work : BGS Memoirs Clough Cowal Bailey Ben Nevis & Glencoe](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060914/60a7f8c60d1a990af03a5a29/html5/thumbnails/137.jpg)
powerful driver of glacial breaching- intense perforation of divides
Knoydart
![Page 138: Rock Slope Failure Scottish Mountains · Fenton CF (1992) Glasgow - geology / neotectonics 44 sites in NW Highlands published work : BGS Memoirs Clough Cowal Bailey Ben Nevis & Glencoe](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060914/60a7f8c60d1a990af03a5a29/html5/thumbnails/138.jpg)
glacial through-breaches of the main NW Highland divide
Loch Quoich
Strathcarron L Monar L Mullardoch Glen Glen Kinloch- Achnasheen - Strathfarrar - Cannich Affric Shiel Hourn
Kyle of Lochalsh
Loch Nevis (Knoydart)
Affric -- Kintail
window doorway
Kyle Rhea
![Page 139: Rock Slope Failure Scottish Mountains · Fenton CF (1992) Glasgow - geology / neotectonics 44 sites in NW Highlands published work : BGS Memoirs Clough Cowal Bailey Ben Nevis & Glencoe](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060914/60a7f8c60d1a990af03a5a29/html5/thumbnails/139.jpg)
glacial through-breaches of the main NW Highland divide
Loch Quoich
Strathcarron L Monar L Mullardoch Glen Glen Kinloch- Achnasheen - Strathfarrar - Cannich Affric Shiel Hourn
so no high passes (with hairpins or tunnels)
Kyle of Lochalsh
Loch Nevis (Knoydart)
Affric -- Kintail
window doorway
Kyle Rhea
![Page 140: Rock Slope Failure Scottish Mountains · Fenton CF (1992) Glasgow - geology / neotectonics 44 sites in NW Highlands published work : BGS Memoirs Clough Cowal Bailey Ben Nevis & Glencoe](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060914/60a7f8c60d1a990af03a5a29/html5/thumbnails/140.jpg)
intense in west - glacial dissection - localised or absent in east
![Page 141: Rock Slope Failure Scottish Mountains · Fenton CF (1992) Glasgow - geology / neotectonics 44 sites in NW Highlands published work : BGS Memoirs Clough Cowal Bailey Ben Nevis & Glencoe](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060914/60a7f8c60d1a990af03a5a29/html5/thumbnails/141.jpg)
icesheet models
- Hubbard et al 2009- Hughes et al 2014 (Chris Clark)
extraordinary insights into
ice divide migration
![Page 142: Rock Slope Failure Scottish Mountains · Fenton CF (1992) Glasgow - geology / neotectonics 44 sites in NW Highlands published work : BGS Memoirs Clough Cowal Bailey Ben Nevis & Glencoe](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060914/60a7f8c60d1a990af03a5a29/html5/thumbnails/142.jpg)
icesheet models
- Hubbard et al 2009- Hughes et al 2014
extraordinary insights into
ice divide migration breaches cut by see-saw ice flow ?
![Page 143: Rock Slope Failure Scottish Mountains · Fenton CF (1992) Glasgow - geology / neotectonics 44 sites in NW Highlands published work : BGS Memoirs Clough Cowal Bailey Ben Nevis & Glencoe](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060914/60a7f8c60d1a990af03a5a29/html5/thumbnails/143.jpg)
icesheet models
- Hubbard et al 2009- Hughes et al 2014 (Chris Clark)
extraordinary insights into
ice divide migration breaches cut by see-saw ice flow ?
- possibly ‘catastrophic’ incision rates
![Page 144: Rock Slope Failure Scottish Mountains · Fenton CF (1992) Glasgow - geology / neotectonics 44 sites in NW Highlands published work : BGS Memoirs Clough Cowal Bailey Ben Nevis & Glencoe](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060914/60a7f8c60d1a990af03a5a29/html5/thumbnails/144.jpg)
icesheet models
- Hubbard et al 2009- Hughes et al 2014 (Chris Clark)
extraordinary insights into
ice divide migration breaches cut by see-saw ice flow ?
- possibly ‘catastrophic’ incision rates
cf. glacifluvial ravines - Corrieshalloch
- Spean Gorge- Falls of Glomach
![Page 145: Rock Slope Failure Scottish Mountains · Fenton CF (1992) Glasgow - geology / neotectonics 44 sites in NW Highlands published work : BGS Memoirs Clough Cowal Bailey Ben Nevis & Glencoe](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060914/60a7f8c60d1a990af03a5a29/html5/thumbnails/145.jpg)
icesheet models
- Hubbard et al 2009- Hughes et al 2014 (Chris Clark)
extraordinary insights into
ice divide migration breaches cut by see-saw ice flow ?
- possibly ‘catastrophic’ incision rates
cf. glacifluvial ravines - Corrieshalloch
- Spean Gorge- Falls of Glomach
“ice tearing the mighty breach which carries Loch Lochy” (opening the Great Glen as a through-way) David Linton, 1949
![Page 146: Rock Slope Failure Scottish Mountains · Fenton CF (1992) Glasgow - geology / neotectonics 44 sites in NW Highlands published work : BGS Memoirs Clough Cowal Bailey Ben Nevis & Glencoe](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060914/60a7f8c60d1a990af03a5a29/html5/thumbnails/146.jpg)
icesheet models
- Hubbard et al 2009- Hughes et al 2014
extraordinary insights into
ice divide migration rapid oscillation
20.6 ka
![Page 147: Rock Slope Failure Scottish Mountains · Fenton CF (1992) Glasgow - geology / neotectonics 44 sites in NW Highlands published work : BGS Memoirs Clough Cowal Bailey Ben Nevis & Glencoe](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060914/60a7f8c60d1a990af03a5a29/html5/thumbnails/147.jpg)
23.924.624.825.3
25.826.3
29.6
29.930.430.635.4ka BP
Irish Sea
Skye
Cowal
Hubbard ice sheet model 2009
• binge -- purge cycling• flickering icestream
tongues• fast, wet-based glaciers
![Page 148: Rock Slope Failure Scottish Mountains · Fenton CF (1992) Glasgow - geology / neotectonics 44 sites in NW Highlands published work : BGS Memoirs Clough Cowal Bailey Ben Nevis & Glencoe](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060914/60a7f8c60d1a990af03a5a29/html5/thumbnails/148.jpg)
23.924.624.825.3
25.826.3
29.6
29.930.430.635.4ka BP
Irish Sea
Skye
Cowal
Hubbard ice sheet model 2009
• binge -- purge cycling• flickering icestream
tongues• fast, wet-based glaciers• glacial -- paraglacial
cycling recharging bedload
all highly erosive
![Page 149: Rock Slope Failure Scottish Mountains · Fenton CF (1992) Glasgow - geology / neotectonics 44 sites in NW Highlands published work : BGS Memoirs Clough Cowal Bailey Ben Nevis & Glencoe](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060914/60a7f8c60d1a990af03a5a29/html5/thumbnails/149.jpg)
Orchy--Lyon breachplex
![Page 150: Rock Slope Failure Scottish Mountains · Fenton CF (1992) Glasgow - geology / neotectonics 44 sites in NW Highlands published work : BGS Memoirs Clough Cowal Bailey Ben Nevis & Glencoe](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060914/60a7f8c60d1a990af03a5a29/html5/thumbnails/150.jpg)
Gaick PassLoch an Duin 3-500 m deep breach of paleodivide - lined with RSFs - recent response to southerly iceshed (Stage 5) ?
Hall & Jarman QRA Guide 2004
(c) BGS
![Page 151: Rock Slope Failure Scottish Mountains · Fenton CF (1992) Glasgow - geology / neotectonics 44 sites in NW Highlands published work : BGS Memoirs Clough Cowal Bailey Ben Nevis & Glencoe](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060914/60a7f8c60d1a990af03a5a29/html5/thumbnails/151.jpg)
other possible causes of RSF
• high water pressures along ice margins at rapid deglaciation X• periglacial freeze-thaw X • debuttressing X
![Page 152: Rock Slope Failure Scottish Mountains · Fenton CF (1992) Glasgow - geology / neotectonics 44 sites in NW Highlands published work : BGS Memoirs Clough Cowal Bailey Ben Nevis & Glencoe](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060914/60a7f8c60d1a990af03a5a29/html5/thumbnails/152.jpg)
other possible causes of RSF
• high water pressures along ice margins at rapid deglaciation X• periglacial freeze-thaw X • debuttressing X
these apply all along every deglaciated glen, RSF is localised and clustered
![Page 153: Rock Slope Failure Scottish Mountains · Fenton CF (1992) Glasgow - geology / neotectonics 44 sites in NW Highlands published work : BGS Memoirs Clough Cowal Bailey Ben Nevis & Glencoe](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060914/60a7f8c60d1a990af03a5a29/html5/thumbnails/153.jpg)
other possible causes of RSF
• high water pressures along ice margins at rapid deglaciation X• periglacial freeze-thaw X • debuttressing X
these apply all along every deglaciated glen, RSF is localised and clustered
• high-magnitude seismic events - regional unloading at deglaciation ? - Glasgow school / CKB
- needs RSF clusters to be of same date !
![Page 154: Rock Slope Failure Scottish Mountains · Fenton CF (1992) Glasgow - geology / neotectonics 44 sites in NW Highlands published work : BGS Memoirs Clough Cowal Bailey Ben Nevis & Glencoe](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060914/60a7f8c60d1a990af03a5a29/html5/thumbnails/154.jpg)
other possible causes of RSF
• high water pressures along ice margins at rapid deglaciation X• periglacial freeze-thaw X • debuttressing X
these apply all along every deglaciated glen, RSF is localised and clustered
• high-magnitude seismic events - regional unloading at deglaciation ? - Glasgow school / CKB
- needs RSF clusters to be of same date !
![Page 155: Rock Slope Failure Scottish Mountains · Fenton CF (1992) Glasgow - geology / neotectonics 44 sites in NW Highlands published work : BGS Memoirs Clough Cowal Bailey Ben Nevis & Glencoe](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060914/60a7f8c60d1a990af03a5a29/html5/thumbnails/155.jpg)
major RSF clusters
![Page 156: Rock Slope Failure Scottish Mountains · Fenton CF (1992) Glasgow - geology / neotectonics 44 sites in NW Highlands published work : BGS Memoirs Clough Cowal Bailey Ben Nevis & Glencoe](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060914/60a7f8c60d1a990af03a5a29/html5/thumbnails/156.jpg)
major RSF clusters density
MONTANE HIGHLANDS 846 0.8%
![Page 157: Rock Slope Failure Scottish Mountains · Fenton CF (1992) Glasgow - geology / neotectonics 44 sites in NW Highlands published work : BGS Memoirs Clough Cowal Bailey Ben Nevis & Glencoe](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060914/60a7f8c60d1a990af03a5a29/html5/thumbnails/157.jpg)
major RSF clusters density
MONTANE HIGHLANDS 846 0.8%
#1 Glen Shiel / Kintail 111 4.0%
#3 Roy - Lochy 21 6.5%
#5 SW Highlands 130 5.2%
#8 Glen Almond 33 5.9%
![Page 158: Rock Slope Failure Scottish Mountains · Fenton CF (1992) Glasgow - geology / neotectonics 44 sites in NW Highlands published work : BGS Memoirs Clough Cowal Bailey Ben Nevis & Glencoe](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060914/60a7f8c60d1a990af03a5a29/html5/thumbnails/158.jpg)
major RSF clusters density
MONTANE HIGHLANDS 846 0.8%
#1 Glen Shiel / Kintail 111 4.0%
#3 Glen Roy - L Lochy 21 6.5%
#5 SW Highlands 130 5.2%
#8 Glen Almond 33 5.9%
#2.17 Conichan
![Page 159: Rock Slope Failure Scottish Mountains · Fenton CF (1992) Glasgow - geology / neotectonics 44 sites in NW Highlands published work : BGS Memoirs Clough Cowal Bailey Ben Nevis & Glencoe](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060914/60a7f8c60d1a990af03a5a29/html5/thumbnails/159.jpg)
major RSF clusters density
MONTANE HIGHLANDS 846 0.8%
#1 Glen Shiel / Kintail 111 4.0%
#3 Glen Roy - L Lochy 21 6.5%
Glen Clova 2.7% Orchy-Lyon 4.7%
#5 SW Highlands 130 5.2%
#8 Glen Almond 33 5.9%
![Page 160: Rock Slope Failure Scottish Mountains · Fenton CF (1992) Glasgow - geology / neotectonics 44 sites in NW Highlands published work : BGS Memoirs Clough Cowal Bailey Ben Nevis & Glencoe](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060914/60a7f8c60d1a990af03a5a29/html5/thumbnails/160.jpg)
major RSF clusters density
MONTANE HIGHLANDS 846 0.8%
#1 Glen Shiel / Kintail 111 4.0%
#3 Glen Roy - L Lochy 21 6.5%
Glen Clova 2.7% Orchy-Lyon 4.7%
#5 SW Highlands 130 5.2%
#8 Glen Almond 33 5.9%
6 groupings 10-20%
![Page 161: Rock Slope Failure Scottish Mountains · Fenton CF (1992) Glasgow - geology / neotectonics 44 sites in NW Highlands published work : BGS Memoirs Clough Cowal Bailey Ben Nevis & Glencoe](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060914/60a7f8c60d1a990af03a5a29/html5/thumbnails/161.jpg)
major RSF clusters density
MONTANE HIGHLANDS 846 0.8%
#1 Glen Shiel / Kintail 111 4.0%
#3 Glen Roy - L Lochy 21 6.5%
Glen Clova 2.7% Orchy-Lyon 4.7%
#5 SW Highlands 130 5.2%
![Page 162: Rock Slope Failure Scottish Mountains · Fenton CF (1992) Glasgow - geology / neotectonics 44 sites in NW Highlands published work : BGS Memoirs Clough Cowal Bailey Ben Nevis & Glencoe](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060914/60a7f8c60d1a990af03a5a29/html5/thumbnails/162.jpg)
Loch Lomond twin breachesHenry Cadell 1886David Linton 1960
#1W89-92 Beinn Bhreac 1.40 km2
rock slope deformation
Beinn Ime
![Page 163: Rock Slope Failure Scottish Mountains · Fenton CF (1992) Glasgow - geology / neotectonics 44 sites in NW Highlands published work : BGS Memoirs Clough Cowal Bailey Ben Nevis & Glencoe](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060914/60a7f8c60d1a990af03a5a29/html5/thumbnails/163.jpg)
SW HighlandsRSF cluster
Arrochar AlpsArdgoilCowalLuss Hills
dissected by‘cross-hatched’glacial breaching
oscillating outflows to Clyde -- Forth -- Atlantic
![Page 164: Rock Slope Failure Scottish Mountains · Fenton CF (1992) Glasgow - geology / neotectonics 44 sites in NW Highlands published work : BGS Memoirs Clough Cowal Bailey Ben Nevis & Glencoe](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060914/60a7f8c60d1a990af03a5a29/html5/thumbnails/164.jpg)
SW HighlandsRSF cluster
Arrochar AlpsArdgoilCowalLuss Hills
dissected by‘cross-hatched’glacial breaching
50% north side Glen Luss is RSF
![Page 165: Rock Slope Failure Scottish Mountains · Fenton CF (1992) Glasgow - geology / neotectonics 44 sites in NW Highlands published work : BGS Memoirs Clough Cowal Bailey Ben Nevis & Glencoe](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060914/60a7f8c60d1a990af03a5a29/html5/thumbnails/165.jpg)
‘hinge’ bulge into loch
‘parting’ with millimetric creep
West Highland Railway - Loch Long‘fjord’ loch, local overdeepening
#1W85 Morelaggan RSF0.55 km2
![Page 166: Rock Slope Failure Scottish Mountains · Fenton CF (1992) Glasgow - geology / neotectonics 44 sites in NW Highlands published work : BGS Memoirs Clough Cowal Bailey Ben Nevis & Glencoe](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060914/60a7f8c60d1a990af03a5a29/html5/thumbnails/166.jpg)
‘hinge’ bulge into loch
‘parting’ with millimetric creep
West Highland Railway - Loch Long‘fjord’ loch, local overdeepening
#1W85 Morelaggan RSF0.55 km2
Glasgow Geological Society
![Page 167: Rock Slope Failure Scottish Mountains · Fenton CF (1992) Glasgow - geology / neotectonics 44 sites in NW Highlands published work : BGS Memoirs Clough Cowal Bailey Ben Nevis & Glencoe](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060914/60a7f8c60d1a990af03a5a29/html5/thumbnails/167.jpg)
Glen Shiel - Kintail RSF cluster
dissected by glacial breaching
![Page 168: Rock Slope Failure Scottish Mountains · Fenton CF (1992) Glasgow - geology / neotectonics 44 sites in NW Highlands published work : BGS Memoirs Clough Cowal Bailey Ben Nevis & Glencoe](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060914/60a7f8c60d1a990af03a5a29/html5/thumbnails/168.jpg)
landslide dam 1719 battle site
A 87Cluanie
Glen Shiel Five Sisters
#8S07 Sgurr na Ciste Duibhe 1.25 km2
![Page 169: Rock Slope Failure Scottish Mountains · Fenton CF (1992) Glasgow - geology / neotectonics 44 sites in NW Highlands published work : BGS Memoirs Clough Cowal Bailey Ben Nevis & Glencoe](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060914/60a7f8c60d1a990af03a5a29/html5/thumbnails/169.jpg)
Sgurr nam Spainteach
![Page 170: Rock Slope Failure Scottish Mountains · Fenton CF (1992) Glasgow - geology / neotectonics 44 sites in NW Highlands published work : BGS Memoirs Clough Cowal Bailey Ben Nevis & Glencoe](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060914/60a7f8c60d1a990af03a5a29/html5/thumbnails/170.jpg)
Red Top
Glen Shiel Fault
![Page 171: Rock Slope Failure Scottish Mountains · Fenton CF (1992) Glasgow - geology / neotectonics 44 sites in NW Highlands published work : BGS Memoirs Clough Cowal Bailey Ben Nevis & Glencoe](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060914/60a7f8c60d1a990af03a5a29/html5/thumbnails/171.jpg)
return fracture
Red Top
Sgurr na Ciste Duibhe failed summit
Glen Shiel Fault
![Page 172: Rock Slope Failure Scottish Mountains · Fenton CF (1992) Glasgow - geology / neotectonics 44 sites in NW Highlands published work : BGS Memoirs Clough Cowal Bailey Ben Nevis & Glencoe](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060914/60a7f8c60d1a990af03a5a29/html5/thumbnails/172.jpg)
Red Top
summit lowered 6-8 m
Sgurr na Ciste Duibhe “ black chest “
“ false antiscarp ”
main ridge severed
![Page 173: Rock Slope Failure Scottish Mountains · Fenton CF (1992) Glasgow - geology / neotectonics 44 sites in NW Highlands published work : BGS Memoirs Clough Cowal Bailey Ben Nevis & Glencoe](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060914/60a7f8c60d1a990af03a5a29/html5/thumbnails/173.jpg)
X1719
Pass
A 87Glen Shiel
![Page 174: Rock Slope Failure Scottish Mountains · Fenton CF (1992) Glasgow - geology / neotectonics 44 sites in NW Highlands published work : BGS Memoirs Clough Cowal Bailey Ben Nevis & Glencoe](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060914/60a7f8c60d1a990af03a5a29/html5/thumbnails/174.jpg)
X1719
Pass
A 87Glen Shiel
![Page 175: Rock Slope Failure Scottish Mountains · Fenton CF (1992) Glasgow - geology / neotectonics 44 sites in NW Highlands published work : BGS Memoirs Clough Cowal Bailey Ben Nevis & Glencoe](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060914/60a7f8c60d1a990af03a5a29/html5/thumbnails/175.jpg)
Glen Shiel Three Brothers
#8S09-10 Saileag - Sgurr na Bealach Dheirg SW 0.19 km2 0.58 km2
![Page 176: Rock Slope Failure Scottish Mountains · Fenton CF (1992) Glasgow - geology / neotectonics 44 sites in NW Highlands published work : BGS Memoirs Clough Cowal Bailey Ben Nevis & Glencoe](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060914/60a7f8c60d1a990af03a5a29/html5/thumbnails/176.jpg)
Saileag 959m
![Page 177: Rock Slope Failure Scottish Mountains · Fenton CF (1992) Glasgow - geology / neotectonics 44 sites in NW Highlands published work : BGS Memoirs Clough Cowal Bailey Ben Nevis & Glencoe](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060914/60a7f8c60d1a990af03a5a29/html5/thumbnails/177.jpg)
(c) Fionn Petch
Sgurr a’ Bhealaich Dheirg
double wedge cavity
![Page 178: Rock Slope Failure Scottish Mountains · Fenton CF (1992) Glasgow - geology / neotectonics 44 sites in NW Highlands published work : BGS Memoirs Clough Cowal Bailey Ben Nevis & Glencoe](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060914/60a7f8c60d1a990af03a5a29/html5/thumbnails/178.jpg)
Five Sisters Gleann Lichd #8S03 Beinn Fhada 3.0 km2
![Page 179: Rock Slope Failure Scottish Mountains · Fenton CF (1992) Glasgow - geology / neotectonics 44 sites in NW Highlands published work : BGS Memoirs Clough Cowal Bailey Ben Nevis & Glencoe](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060914/60a7f8c60d1a990af03a5a29/html5/thumbnails/179.jpg)
Five Sisters Gleann Lichd #8S03 Beinn Fhada 3.0 km2
paleodivide 800m asl
~500mincision
![Page 180: Rock Slope Failure Scottish Mountains · Fenton CF (1992) Glasgow - geology / neotectonics 44 sites in NW Highlands published work : BGS Memoirs Clough Cowal Bailey Ben Nevis & Glencoe](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060914/60a7f8c60d1a990af03a5a29/html5/thumbnails/180.jpg)
![Page 181: Rock Slope Failure Scottish Mountains · Fenton CF (1992) Glasgow - geology / neotectonics 44 sites in NW Highlands published work : BGS Memoirs Clough Cowal Bailey Ben Nevis & Glencoe](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060914/60a7f8c60d1a990af03a5a29/html5/thumbnails/181.jpg)
![Page 182: Rock Slope Failure Scottish Mountains · Fenton CF (1992) Glasgow - geology / neotectonics 44 sites in NW Highlands published work : BGS Memoirs Clough Cowal Bailey Ben Nevis & Glencoe](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060914/60a7f8c60d1a990af03a5a29/html5/thumbnails/182.jpg)
#8S03 Beinn Fhada 3.00 km2
compressional rock slope deformation
“Ben Attow” 1032
![Page 183: Rock Slope Failure Scottish Mountains · Fenton CF (1992) Glasgow - geology / neotectonics 44 sites in NW Highlands published work : BGS Memoirs Clough Cowal Bailey Ben Nevis & Glencoe](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060914/60a7f8c60d1a990af03a5a29/html5/thumbnails/183.jpg)
antiscarp array - 8 main ones, up to 800 m long, 10 m high- largest in British mountains
![Page 184: Rock Slope Failure Scottish Mountains · Fenton CF (1992) Glasgow - geology / neotectonics 44 sites in NW Highlands published work : BGS Memoirs Clough Cowal Bailey Ben Nevis & Glencoe](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060914/60a7f8c60d1a990af03a5a29/html5/thumbnails/184.jpg)
antiscarp array - Sud-Tirol, up to 800 m long, 10 m high
![Page 185: Rock Slope Failure Scottish Mountains · Fenton CF (1992) Glasgow - geology / neotectonics 44 sites in NW Highlands published work : BGS Memoirs Clough Cowal Bailey Ben Nevis & Glencoe](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060914/60a7f8c60d1a990af03a5a29/html5/thumbnails/185.jpg)
Portles Spitz 3174
![Page 186: Rock Slope Failure Scottish Mountains · Fenton CF (1992) Glasgow - geology / neotectonics 44 sites in NW Highlands published work : BGS Memoirs Clough Cowal Bailey Ben Nevis & Glencoe](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060914/60a7f8c60d1a990af03a5a29/html5/thumbnails/186.jpg)
Portles Spitz 3174
PlaneiltalVinschgau
![Page 187: Rock Slope Failure Scottish Mountains · Fenton CF (1992) Glasgow - geology / neotectonics 44 sites in NW Highlands published work : BGS Memoirs Clough Cowal Bailey Ben Nevis & Glencoe](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060914/60a7f8c60d1a990af03a5a29/html5/thumbnails/187.jpg)
Portles Spitz 3174
PlaneiltalVinschgau
‘doppelgrat’
![Page 188: Rock Slope Failure Scottish Mountains · Fenton CF (1992) Glasgow - geology / neotectonics 44 sites in NW Highlands published work : BGS Memoirs Clough Cowal Bailey Ben Nevis & Glencoe](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060914/60a7f8c60d1a990af03a5a29/html5/thumbnails/188.jpg)
‘doppelgrat’ - split ridges
Zehnerkopf Reschenpass Sud-Tirol
Parang MtsRomanianS Carpathians
![Page 189: Rock Slope Failure Scottish Mountains · Fenton CF (1992) Glasgow - geology / neotectonics 44 sites in NW Highlands published work : BGS Memoirs Clough Cowal Bailey Ben Nevis & Glencoe](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060914/60a7f8c60d1a990af03a5a29/html5/thumbnails/189.jpg)
‘doppelgrat’ - split ridges
#7K09 Aonach Sgoilte Ladhar Bheinn Knoydart
#3.01 Ben Challum Tyndrum
![Page 190: Rock Slope Failure Scottish Mountains · Fenton CF (1992) Glasgow - geology / neotectonics 44 sites in NW Highlands published work : BGS Memoirs Clough Cowal Bailey Ben Nevis & Glencoe](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060914/60a7f8c60d1a990af03a5a29/html5/thumbnails/190.jpg)
Beinn Fhada - diverse antiscarp array
![Page 191: Rock Slope Failure Scottish Mountains · Fenton CF (1992) Glasgow - geology / neotectonics 44 sites in NW Highlands published work : BGS Memoirs Clough Cowal Bailey Ben Nevis & Glencoe](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060914/60a7f8c60d1a990af03a5a29/html5/thumbnails/191.jpg)
Beinn Fhada - diverse antiscarp array
1032
1000
Plaide Mor
South Top “Sydney
Opera
House” “snaking rope”
![Page 192: Rock Slope Failure Scottish Mountains · Fenton CF (1992) Glasgow - geology / neotectonics 44 sites in NW Highlands published work : BGS Memoirs Clough Cowal Bailey Ben Nevis & Glencoe](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060914/60a7f8c60d1a990af03a5a29/html5/thumbnails/192.jpg)
rebound fractures across plateau
Plaide Mor
![Page 193: Rock Slope Failure Scottish Mountains · Fenton CF (1992) Glasgow - geology / neotectonics 44 sites in NW Highlands published work : BGS Memoirs Clough Cowal Bailey Ben Nevis & Glencoe](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060914/60a7f8c60d1a990af03a5a29/html5/thumbnails/193.jpg)
“Sydney Opera House”
John Gordon SNH
![Page 194: Rock Slope Failure Scottish Mountains · Fenton CF (1992) Glasgow - geology / neotectonics 44 sites in NW Highlands published work : BGS Memoirs Clough Cowal Bailey Ben Nevis & Glencoe](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060914/60a7f8c60d1a990af03a5a29/html5/thumbnails/194.jpg)
“snaking rope”
lower-slope reactivation
South Top
![Page 195: Rock Slope Failure Scottish Mountains · Fenton CF (1992) Glasgow - geology / neotectonics 44 sites in NW Highlands published work : BGS Memoirs Clough Cowal Bailey Ben Nevis & Glencoe](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060914/60a7f8c60d1a990af03a5a29/html5/thumbnails/195.jpg)
“antiscarp” - true or false ?
GlencalvieArdgay
Glen LoyGairlochy
![Page 196: Rock Slope Failure Scottish Mountains · Fenton CF (1992) Glasgow - geology / neotectonics 44 sites in NW Highlands published work : BGS Memoirs Clough Cowal Bailey Ben Nevis & Glencoe](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060914/60a7f8c60d1a990af03a5a29/html5/thumbnails/196.jpg)
“antiscarp” - true or false ?
GlencalvieArdgay
Glen LoyGairlochy
Jarman D (2010): Anomalous deposits and landforms in the Welsh mountains - problems of rock slope failure interpretation. Quaternary News 122, 1-15. Jarman D, Wilson P, Harrison, S (2013): Are there any relict rock glaciers in Britain? Journal of Quaternary Science 28, 131-143.
the mimicry problem :
![Page 197: Rock Slope Failure Scottish Mountains · Fenton CF (1992) Glasgow - geology / neotectonics 44 sites in NW Highlands published work : BGS Memoirs Clough Cowal Bailey Ben Nevis & Glencoe](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060914/60a7f8c60d1a990af03a5a29/html5/thumbnails/197.jpg)
Loch Loch -- Beinn a’ Ghlo
RSF misidentified byẊ cavities with nothing belowẊ bulges / DDAs with nothing aboveẊ erosional forms and lineamentsẊ mismapping from imagery ?
?
![Page 198: Rock Slope Failure Scottish Mountains · Fenton CF (1992) Glasgow - geology / neotectonics 44 sites in NW Highlands published work : BGS Memoirs Clough Cowal Bailey Ben Nevis & Glencoe](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060914/60a7f8c60d1a990af03a5a29/html5/thumbnails/198.jpg)
Loch Loch -- Beinn a’ Ghlo RSFs
?
![Page 199: Rock Slope Failure Scottish Mountains · Fenton CF (1992) Glasgow - geology / neotectonics 44 sites in NW Highlands published work : BGS Memoirs Clough Cowal Bailey Ben Nevis & Glencoe](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060914/60a7f8c60d1a990af03a5a29/html5/thumbnails/199.jpg)
Loch Loch -- Beinn a’ Ghlo
bonus RSF !
?
![Page 200: Rock Slope Failure Scottish Mountains · Fenton CF (1992) Glasgow - geology / neotectonics 44 sites in NW Highlands published work : BGS Memoirs Clough Cowal Bailey Ben Nevis & Glencoe](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060914/60a7f8c60d1a990af03a5a29/html5/thumbnails/200.jpg)
Loch Loch -- Beinn a’ Ghlo
bonus RSF !
?
![Page 201: Rock Slope Failure Scottish Mountains · Fenton CF (1992) Glasgow - geology / neotectonics 44 sites in NW Highlands published work : BGS Memoirs Clough Cowal Bailey Ben Nevis & Glencoe](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060914/60a7f8c60d1a990af03a5a29/html5/thumbnails/201.jpg)
“Beinn Fhada rock slope deformation”
Jarman and Ballantyne Scottish Geographical Journal 2003
![Page 202: Rock Slope Failure Scottish Mountains · Fenton CF (1992) Glasgow - geology / neotectonics 44 sites in NW Highlands published work : BGS Memoirs Clough Cowal Bailey Ben Nevis & Glencoe](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060914/60a7f8c60d1a990af03a5a29/html5/thumbnails/202.jpg)
Ben OurLochearnhead
2.9 km2
Ben Vorlich
Glen Ample
![Page 203: Rock Slope Failure Scottish Mountains · Fenton CF (1992) Glasgow - geology / neotectonics 44 sites in NW Highlands published work : BGS Memoirs Clough Cowal Bailey Ben Nevis & Glencoe](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060914/60a7f8c60d1a990af03a5a29/html5/thumbnails/203.jpg)
Ben OurLochearnhead
2.9 km2
Ben Vorlich
Glen Ample
![Page 204: Rock Slope Failure Scottish Mountains · Fenton CF (1992) Glasgow - geology / neotectonics 44 sites in NW Highlands published work : BGS Memoirs Clough Cowal Bailey Ben Nevis & Glencoe](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060914/60a7f8c60d1a990af03a5a29/html5/thumbnails/204.jpg)
Southern Uplands - local clusters in enlarging glacial trough heads - and V-ravines
- paraglacial >>> parafluvial >>> Pennine-scarp transition
![Page 205: Rock Slope Failure Scottish Mountains · Fenton CF (1992) Glasgow - geology / neotectonics 44 sites in NW Highlands published work : BGS Memoirs Clough Cowal Bailey Ben Nevis & Glencoe](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060914/60a7f8c60d1a990af03a5a29/html5/thumbnails/205.jpg)
Lowther Hills mini-clusterDalveen Pass paraglacial RSF sequence - Capel Hill 0.17 km2
![Page 206: Rock Slope Failure Scottish Mountains · Fenton CF (1992) Glasgow - geology / neotectonics 44 sites in NW Highlands published work : BGS Memoirs Clough Cowal Bailey Ben Nevis & Glencoe](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060914/60a7f8c60d1a990af03a5a29/html5/thumbnails/206.jpg)
Steygail
Steygail
Enterkin Burn
Enterkin Burn
Lowther Hills mini-cluster
Enterkin parafluvial RSF sequence
Dalveen Pass
via mega-glacifluvial notch
![Page 207: Rock Slope Failure Scottish Mountains · Fenton CF (1992) Glasgow - geology / neotectonics 44 sites in NW Highlands published work : BGS Memoirs Clough Cowal Bailey Ben Nevis & Glencoe](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060914/60a7f8c60d1a990af03a5a29/html5/thumbnails/207.jpg)
Moffatdale
Moffatdale cluster
anomalous deep glaciated trough along weak Fault
A 708Selkirk
Grey Mare’s Tail
White Coomb
Bell Craig
Carrifran Gans
Saddle Yoke
Bodesbeck Law
Selcoth valley (parafluvial meltwater ravine)
Ettrick Pen
![Page 208: Rock Slope Failure Scottish Mountains · Fenton CF (1992) Glasgow - geology / neotectonics 44 sites in NW Highlands published work : BGS Memoirs Clough Cowal Bailey Ben Nevis & Glencoe](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060914/60a7f8c60d1a990af03a5a29/html5/thumbnails/208.jpg)
Ettrick Pen
(c) Colin K Ballantyne 2010
(c) BING Maps
Moffatdale cluster#SUE10 Bell Craig
![Page 209: Rock Slope Failure Scottish Mountains · Fenton CF (1992) Glasgow - geology / neotectonics 44 sites in NW Highlands published work : BGS Memoirs Clough Cowal Bailey Ben Nevis & Glencoe](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060914/60a7f8c60d1a990af03a5a29/html5/thumbnails/209.jpg)
Moffatdale cluster
Saddle Yoke
Carrifran Gans
Bodesbeck Law
![Page 210: Rock Slope Failure Scottish Mountains · Fenton CF (1992) Glasgow - geology / neotectonics 44 sites in NW Highlands published work : BGS Memoirs Clough Cowal Bailey Ben Nevis & Glencoe](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060914/60a7f8c60d1a990af03a5a29/html5/thumbnails/210.jpg)
Paper Hill RSFChapelhope, Loch of the Lowes
Garelet Hill RSFTalla Reservoir headTweedsmuir
![Page 211: Rock Slope Failure Scottish Mountains · Fenton CF (1992) Glasgow - geology / neotectonics 44 sites in NW Highlands published work : BGS Memoirs Clough Cowal Bailey Ben Nevis & Glencoe](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060914/60a7f8c60d1a990af03a5a29/html5/thumbnails/211.jpg)
Innerleithen
The Glen
glacifluvial overflow ravine
thanks to Wishart Mitchell
The Glen paraglacifluvial RSF
![Page 212: Rock Slope Failure Scottish Mountains · Fenton CF (1992) Glasgow - geology / neotectonics 44 sites in NW Highlands published work : BGS Memoirs Clough Cowal Bailey Ben Nevis & Glencoe](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060914/60a7f8c60d1a990af03a5a29/html5/thumbnails/212.jpg)
Lake District
clustering
W sidebreach-related
E sidetrough-head related
![Page 213: Rock Slope Failure Scottish Mountains · Fenton CF (1992) Glasgow - geology / neotectonics 44 sites in NW Highlands published work : BGS Memoirs Clough Cowal Bailey Ben Nevis & Glencoe](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060914/60a7f8c60d1a990af03a5a29/html5/thumbnails/213.jpg)
Lake District
no geologicalcontrol
![Page 214: Rock Slope Failure Scottish Mountains · Fenton CF (1992) Glasgow - geology / neotectonics 44 sites in NW Highlands published work : BGS Memoirs Clough Cowal Bailey Ben Nevis & Glencoe](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060914/60a7f8c60d1a990af03a5a29/html5/thumbnails/214.jpg)
Lake District
7.11 Kirk Fellslope deformation
![Page 215: Rock Slope Failure Scottish Mountains · Fenton CF (1992) Glasgow - geology / neotectonics 44 sites in NW Highlands published work : BGS Memoirs Clough Cowal Bailey Ben Nevis & Glencoe](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060914/60a7f8c60d1a990af03a5a29/html5/thumbnails/215.jpg)
Pillar - Red Pike Kirk Fell Great Gable Wasdale Head
Black Sail Pass
Beck Head Pass
Lake District
7.11 Kirk Fellslope deformation - quasi-in situ, compressional - asymmetric rebound ?
![Page 216: Rock Slope Failure Scottish Mountains · Fenton CF (1992) Glasgow - geology / neotectonics 44 sites in NW Highlands published work : BGS Memoirs Clough Cowal Bailey Ben Nevis & Glencoe](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060914/60a7f8c60d1a990af03a5a29/html5/thumbnails/216.jpg)
A83 Rest and be Thankful
#1W77 The Cobbler 0.62 km2
Arrochar Alps
![Page 217: Rock Slope Failure Scottish Mountains · Fenton CF (1992) Glasgow - geology / neotectonics 44 sites in NW Highlands published work : BGS Memoirs Clough Cowal Bailey Ben Nevis & Glencoe](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060914/60a7f8c60d1a990af03a5a29/html5/thumbnails/217.jpg)
A83 Rest and be Thankful
#1W77 The Cobbler 0.62 km2
Arrochar Alps
![Page 218: Rock Slope Failure Scottish Mountains · Fenton CF (1992) Glasgow - geology / neotectonics 44 sites in NW Highlands published work : BGS Memoirs Clough Cowal Bailey Ben Nevis & Glencoe](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060914/60a7f8c60d1a990af03a5a29/html5/thumbnails/218.jpg)
A83 Rest and be Thankful
#1W77 The Cobbler 0.62 km2
Arrochar Alps
“great landslip”
![Page 219: Rock Slope Failure Scottish Mountains · Fenton CF (1992) Glasgow - geology / neotectonics 44 sites in NW Highlands published work : BGS Memoirs Clough Cowal Bailey Ben Nevis & Glencoe](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060914/60a7f8c60d1a990af03a5a29/html5/thumbnails/219.jpg)
A83 Rest and be Thankful
#1W77 The Cobbler 0.62 km2
Arrochar Alps