Robots: State-of-the-art and Future Trends

Hareesha N GAsst. Professor

Department of Aeronautical Engineering

Contents

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Introduction

Definition and Types of Robots

Industrial Robots: Present and Future

Agricultural robots: Present and Future

Medical Robots: Present and Future

Space Robots: Present and Future

Military Robots: Present and Future

Personal Robots: Present and Future

What is a Robot?

Webster's dictionary defines robot as “ an automatic device that performs

functions ordinarily to human beings.

Robot institute of America gives a more precise description

“ A robot is reprogrammable multifunctional manipulator designed to

move materials, parts, tools, or specialized devices, through variable

programmed motions for the performance of a variety of tasks”

• Word robot was coined by a Czech novelistKarel Capek in a 1920 play titled Rossum’sUniversal Robots (RUR)

• Robota in Czech is a word for worker orservant

Karel Capek

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Robots

Stationary

Robots

Industrial Robots

Mobile Robots

Humanoid Robots

Types of Robots based on mobility

Example:

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Types of Robots based on application

Industrial Robots

Agricultural Robots

Medical Robots

Space Robots

Military Robots

Personal Robots

Entertainment Robots

Misc Robots

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• An industrial robot is an automatically controlled,reprogrammable, multipurpose manipulator,programmable in three or more axes.

• Typical applications of robots include welding,painting, assembly, pick and place, product inspection,and testing;

Industrial Robots : State-of -the-Art

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• With the introduction of Artificial Intelligence and Powerful sensors, robot will think and perform some operations.

Industrial Robots : Future….?

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• Agricultural robotics is the use of automation in bio systems such as agriculture.

• Helped to create several advancements to the industry while helping farmers to save money and time.

• Agricultural robots are capable of collecting crop and soil samples because they are small in size, which allows them to be able to accumulate data close to the crops.

• They are also capable of spraying pesticides, finding diseases or parasites.

• Agricultural robots come equipped with cameras and sensors. Their sensors are used to spray only the area affected by the parasite instead of the entire crop.

• Robots are also used in milking cows.

Agricultural Robots : State-of -the-Art

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Agricultural Robots :Future……?• Within the next 20 years, robots will be able to cultivate land, and pick fruit

and vegetables.

• Driverless tractor available by 2014. Farmers would control two tractors fromone cab.

• The new "cable-less" tractors use technology developed in the military, thatuse GPS to know where they are and sensors to detect humans or other life inthe way of the machine.

• "A large part of the future of agriculture is robotic”

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1) The Zeus:

The Zeus’s tool arms are tele-operated, following motions the surgeon made

with instrument controls (using joystick) at the surgeon console.

The first surgery was performed with the surgeon and patient being separated by a distance of several thousand kilometers.

2) Da Vinci :

Intuitive Surgical Inc developed the da Vinci. The da Vinci is a tele-operated

system, wherein the surgeon manipulates instrument controls at a console and the robot arms follow those motions with motion scaling and trouble reduction.

Medical Robots : State-of -the-Art

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Nanotechnology

• Nano-medicine is a branch of nanotechnology which includes the construction, repair, monitoring and control of the human body at the molecular level, using the various implements of nanotechnology.

• Basically this technology will be comprised of tiny nano-machines and programmable nano-robots meticulously engineered to the nanometer which will be able to operate on the human body with greater precision than ever before imagined.

• Once these machines are available doctors will have a way to conduct curative and reconstructive procedures at the cellular or even molecular level.

Medical Robots : Future…….?

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Space Robots : State-of -the-Art

What is Space Robotics? Space Robotics is the development of machines for the space environment that

perform Exploration, or to Assemble/Construct, Maintain, or Service other

hardware in Space.

Humans generally control space robots locally (e.g. Space Shuttle robotic arm) or

from a great distance (e.g. Mars Exploration Rovers.

"I don't think the space shuttle program could have done a great deal of their missions without robotics,“ -Brian Roberts, a robotics specialist at Goddard Space Flight Center, NASA

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The best example of space robots are the Mars Rover

Space Robots : Future…….?The second generation Robonaut 2 humanoid robot designed for assisting astronauts in space.

Robonaut is only half a humanoid robot because it does not have legs; however, it is blessed with a state-of-the-art upper body including a pair of powerful arms and dexterous hands.

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Military Robots : State-of -the-ArtToday, almost all the military organizations take the help of military robots to carry out many risky jobs that cannot be handled manually by soldier.

It is an electrically powered and remote controlled robot which is used to locate, handle and destroying risky objects safely.

The man role of this military robot is to recover improvised explosive devices.

In short it is a vehicle for defusing bombs.

If someone shoots at the robot, and youknow what's going on. No one shoots atthe robot, you can look around, assessthe situation. That's where robots aregoing to make a huge difference.

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Daksh : Daksh is one of the most current military robots.

Military Robots : State-of -the-Art

Dynamics of the Military Robots

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Disaster-Response Robots

• Robots may fight fires, climb ladders, search for bombs, and race across the battlefield.

• The technological singularity is near, say military strategists.

Military Robots : Future…….?

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DARPA's : These robots arecapable of responding todangerous situations andassisting with disaster response.

• A personal robot is one whose human interface and design make it useful for individuals.

Personal Robots : State-of-the-art

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Robot Cars: Yesterday's Vision, Today's Reality

• Robot cars. Driving a car without even touching it? Silly as it may sound, but yes, it is very possible.

• Maybe 50 years ago people have dreamed of having an automatic car and now it is closer to becoming a reality.

• Advances in the field of science - especially robotics and computer knowledge - are aiding the once a vision, automatic cars, to becoming real.

Personal Robots : State-of-the-art

The fully autonomous Google carhas passed the legal hurdles foruse on the roads of Nevada andCalifornia after hundreds ofthousands of hours' testingthrough cities and traffic. NowRobotCar UK is set to follow suit.12/29/2014 18

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Personal Robots : Future……?

“A future where robots are as common as cars – and cheaper –is on the way.”

-Prof. Hiroshi Ishiguro, named one of the top 100 geniuses alive in the world today, who has devoted himself to creating robots so humanlike.

Autonomous androids which look justlike you could conduct your business,attend conferences, and go shoppingon your behalf, while you sat in thecomfort of your home.A camera would monitor your facialexpressions and your android's facewould mirror your expressions.

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• Humans could marry robots within the century….!

Personal Robots : Future……?

"My forecast is that around 2050, the state of Massachusetts will be the first jurisdiction to legalize marriages with robots," - David Levy, Artificial intelligence researcher at the University of Maastricht

in the Netherlands .

Levy recently completed his Ph.D. work on the subject of human-robotrelationships, covering many of the privileges and practices that generallycome with marriage as well as outside of it.

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• A large part of the future of agriculture is robotic.

• With the introduction of Artificial Intelligence and Powerfulsensors technology, future factory will be a digital factory.

• In future in place of solders, robots may fight with enemies.Human may just monitor these robots.

• There are some robots, using artificial intelligence technology,which can represent his boss in his absence.

• There is a lot scope in this field for research.

Conclusions

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