robert the bruce seal

ECCLESIASTICAL SEALS4 December 2014

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Illustrations

Front and back cover: Lot 744

Ecclesiastical Seals 4 December 2014: From 2:45 pm (Lot 744-759)

King Robert the Bruce of Scotland& Dunfermline Abbey Cokete Seal Matrix Pair 3Ecclesiastical Seals 12

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TimeLine AuctionsContents

Ecclesiastical SealsLots

744 - 759

Seal of the Regality of the Abbeyof Dunfermline

4

TimeLine AuctionsEcclesiastical Seals

The use of seals, are essentially implements or tools for impressing

a design into clay or wax to validate a document, to identify the

sender, or to prevent interference, was first attested in ancient

Mesopotamia, where cylinder seals were commonplace. The

Egyptians used seals, often in the form of a scarab, on the doors of

tombs and as signets; the Romans and Byzantines used personal

and official seals extensively, and Chinese imperial officials took great

pride in their large seals of jade. Seals have always been items of

status, produced for an individual person, office, or institution and

carefully protected.

Some are of generic and simple design, others are very complex and

may be inscribed with the name and titles of the bearer, an invocation

to gods, an assertion of rights or another sentiment; some convey a

curse on anyone interfering with them. Intaglio gemstones and other

materials were also used as seals or incoporated in their fabric. In

Britain and in continental Europe, the use of seals as a 'signature'

and to validate documents became de rigeur for all levels of society

from the middle Saxon period onwards. Royal seals on charters and

grants, seals of cities, corporations, boroughs and religious

foundations, seals of office, and personal seals confirming

commercial or legal documents were both highly recognisable and

esteemed. Many bore easily identifiable iconography at a time when

few ordinary people were literate.

King Robert the Bruce of Scotland and Dunfermline Abbey Cokete Seal Matrix Pair

Seals were also made and used where certain rights had been

assumed or conferred. The practise of a monarch to allow a borough

or church institution the right to collect and use revenues from

customs duties or taxes, for example, is reflected in the use of 'cokete'

seals.

Such a seal for Dunfermline Abbey is offered in this sale; it was used

to indicate that the taxes or duties payable on goods had been paid

over to the Abbey. These rights might be granted by a monarch for

limited periods or purposes, such as that granted to the 'Mayor and

Community' of Waterford by Richard II in 1388 for a period of three

years for the purpose of building or maintaining the walls and

defences for the city (see Patent Roll, 12 Richard II) or in perpetuity,

such as that to Dunfermline Abbey as a religious offering to the

church and to God. Other examples known for Scotland include that

for the Regality of Melrose (14th century AD), Inverness and

Cromerty, Strathearn (in the person of the Earl of Strathearn, 14th

century AD) and the City of St Andrews (16th century). In Scotland,

especially, the obscure term 'cokete' has historically been applied

since at least the 13th century AD to a 'seal of the customs house' or

a document bearing such a seal as evidence that customs duties had

been paid. It was usual for a 'Clerk of the Cokete' to be appointed to

hold the seal and authorised to issue customs documents. It has been

reasonably suggested that the name comes from the Latin phrase

'quo quiets est' (by which he is quit) which are the normal last or

closing words on a customs house receipt of the Medieval period.

5

TimeLine Auctions Ecclesiastical Seals

For abbeys, monasteries, hospitals and other religious centres, seals

were made for the institution itself (often referred to as 'communities'),

specifically for officials serving that institution in a particular position

or office (such as the 13th century seal of the almoner of St

Augustine's Abbey, Canterbury, offered as lot 1013 in the TimeLine

Auctions sale of 30th May 2014) and for individuals associated with

it. In general, the larger and more impressive the seal, the greater the

importance of the institution or the higher the rank of the individual.

The legal phrase 'signed, sealed and delivered' confirmed the

legitimacy and authority of any transaction document.

A high ranking church official might have the use of several seals; he

might hold the primary seal of the institution, used on documents of

high importance for the body as a whole; he would also have had a

seal for his use in his office generally, plus a personal seal (often

circular) for private use or used as a 'counter' seal to further validate

the document.

The manufacture of seal matrices was a specialist occupation (by

'sigillarii') and, from about the middle 13th century onwards, the most

commonly used material was a copper alloy. Most seals for

institutions and important rights are circular and of large size, whilst

most office or personal seals for clerics and churchmen were vesica

(pointed oval) in shape. Large and important seals were usually made

in pairs and used in a press to form the large wax seal impression

over a strip of parchment by which it was attached to the document.

In Britain during the medieval period, the material used for receiving

the seal impression was a mixture of beeswax, often with pine resin

added, and a coloured filler, usually red or green.

6


ROBERT THE BRUCE

& DUNFERMLINE ABBEY

Robert the Bruce, King of Scotland, was born 11 July 1174 and

acceded to the throne in 1306. He is revered to Scots as perhaps the

most important figure in the history of Scottish independence. He was

a great-grandson of David I and, with William Wallace and others,

revolted against the English under Edward I. He was a Guardian of

Scotland among other claimants to the throne and, in 1302, agreed a

peace with Edward I. On the death of his father in 1304, Robert

resumed his claim to the Scottish throne and, after killing John Comyn

and being excommunicated, he was crowned at Scone on 25 March

1306. He had mixed fortunes against the English, losing a battle and

fleeing the country before returning in 1307 and defeating the English

at Loudoun Hill. The death of Edward I and the succession of the

weak Edward II in England in 1307 allowed Robert to continue to

establish his reign and authority by defeating other claimants to the

throne until he held his first parliament in 1309, at St Andrews;

continued fighting over the next few years established his control over

most of Scotland. His greatest war triumph came when he defeated

the much larger English army, under Edward II, at Bannockburn in

June 1314 and this allowed him to threaten large parts of northern

England. He recaptured Berwick in 1318, long a bone of contention

between England and Scotland. The culmination of his reign was the

recognition by the Pope of Robert as undisputed king and of Scotland

as an independant nation; in 1327, by the Treaty of Edinburgh-

Northampton, Edward III finally renounced the English claim to rule

Scotland. Robert died in 1329, his heart was buried in Melrose Abbey

and his body in Dunfermline Abbey, with which he had so long been

associated; his tomb is today marked by a magnificant brass.

Queen Margaret, descended from pre-Norman kings of Wessex and

England, was married to King Malcolm III of Scotland in 1070. She

founded Dunfermline Abbey in 1072 and in 1250, she was canonised.

As St. Margaret, her worship was enshrined at Dunfermline Abbey,

which fictively claimed that Margaret herself had founded the

monastic community and went so far as to create a ‘foundation

charter’ in her name. Margaret was born in exile in Hungary along

with her brother Edgar Ætheling, (circa 1051–circa 1126), the children

of Edward the exiled King of England. She returned to England in

1057 with her kinsmen, but had to flee to Scotland after the Norman

invasion of England of 1066. She was noted for her charitable works,

including the establishment of a ferry across the Firth of Forth for

pilgrims travelling to Dunfermline Abbey, after which the towns of

South Queensferry and North Queensferry took their names. She was

the mother of three later kings of Scotland and a queen consort of

England.

Shortly after his accession to the throne in 1124, David I raised the

Church of the Holy Trinity, at Dunfermline, to the rank and dignity of

an Abbey, and translated to it a colony of 13 Benedictine monks from

Canterbury, in England - this carrying out the pious wishes of his

deceased brother and predecessor. In 1124 the monastic community

of Dunfermline thus numbered 13 Culdees (non-monastic devotees)

and 13 Benedictine monks. King Robert I had a longstanding

connection with the abbey of Dunfermline. After his death, possibly

from leprosy, the king was buried there, beneath what was then the

centre of the church, below the high altar and next to his second wife,

Elizabeth de Burgh, but not before his heart was removed and buried

at Melrose Abbey. His tomb, lost for centuries, was rediscovered

during building works at the abbey in 1818 when workmen uncovered

a sealed vault containing a decayed oak lead-lined coffin, still draped

in shreds of gold cloth. The king’s skeleton was reburied, with some

ceremony, the following year and still rests within the abbey, which

now bears the legend ‘KING ROBERT THE BRUCE’ around its rebuilt

eastern tower.

7


Provenance

Property of a London gentleman; previously with Ebenezer

Henderson, before 1878 (see his Annals of Dunfermline, p.766 where

he lists items related to Dunfermline, including these matrices, then

in his possession); by inheritance from S. Henderson after 1867; by

presentation from the Hon. Sir William Ogilvie, 2nd February 1867;

exhibited at the library of the Society of Advocates, early 19th century

(possibly by Ogilvie or his father); referred to by Laing (see below) in

1850 as having “been in possession of the writer of the Annals for a

great many years”. Accompanied by the Art Loss Register certificate

reference number 1418AR.

John Graham Dalyell (1775-1851), son of Sir Robert Dalyell, 4th

Baronet, was an advocate, naturalist, author and antiquary, a member

of the Society of Arts for Scotland (president, 1839-1840); the seal

matrices are recorded as having been kept in the library of the Society

of Advocates, Edinburgh, of which he was a member, in the late 18th-

early 19th century period.

William Ogilvie, Baronet of Nova Scotia (succeeded to the title on the

death of his father, 1824), of Carnoustie, presented the seal matrices

to S. Henderson (father of Ebenezer Henderson) in 1867.

Dr. Ebenezer Henderson (1800-1879), of Muckhart, was the son of a

Dunfermline watchmaker. As a boy he displayed a great taste for the

scientific study which subsequently gained him the position of

importance which he occupied in scientific and literary circles; he was

elected a Fellow of the Royal Astronomical and Royal Antiquarian

Societies, while a degree of LL.D was conferred on him by an

American college. His work on the Annals of Dunfermline (published

1879, in which he confirms that the matrices were in his possession

from at least 1878) greatly influenced the government’s decision, in

1856, to recognise Dunfermline as a city. In recognition of his

valuable services he was made a Freeman of the City of Dunfermline

in 1859.

744

KING ROBERT THE BRUCE OF SCOTLAND

AND DUNFERMLINE ABBEY COKETE SEAL MATRIX PAIR

Commissioned to be cut 10th July 1322 AD

The Cokete Seal of Dunfermline Abbey matrix pair, contained in a

hinged wooden box with velvet-lined recesses and labels; the seal

matrix in two parts with locating posts (these inserted and soldered

in place) and sockets; the obverse matrix (with posts) depicting

(reversed and incuse) St. Margaret, founder and benefactress of the

abbey, in robe and crown with a sceptre, between two heater shields

bearing the royal arms of Scotland (a lion rampant within a double

tressure) and the arms of Dunfermline Abbey (a cross moline among

five martlets) with the Lombardic legend to the border +S’ COKETE

REGALITATIS DE DVNFERMELYNN (Cokete Seal of the Regality

of Dunfermline); the reverse (counterseal) matrix with heater shield

within foliage depicting the royal arms of Scotland and border with

the Lombardic legend +ROBERTVS DEI GRACIA REX SCOTORVM

(Robert, by the Grace of God, King of the Scots) with floral ornament

and quatrefoil stops; the antique, custom made, wooden box with old

paper and ink label to the lid with monochrome depiction of the

counterseal; also with paper labels to the inside of the box with

handwritten text ‘The Cokete Seal of the Regality of Dunfermline

presented to S. Henderson by Hon. W. Ogilvie - Cowden’s Muck(h)art

2nd February 1867’ and ‘The Cokete Seal of the Regality of

Dunfermline A.D. 1323 - Vide Dalyells Monastic Antiquities page 72:

8


- Mercers History of Dunfermline page 63 Chalmers’s History of

Dunfermline no.1 page 253 (E. Henderson 2 Feb. 1867)’; also with

inked date ‘Feby 2d 1867’; offered with original editions of three books

(listed below) which refer to this matrix pair and a bound set of

research notes. 337 grams total, matrices 55mm diameter, case

87mm square (Matrices 2¼, case 3½"). Extremely fine condition;unobtrusive ancient hairline edge cracks from use to obverse seal.

Unique and very important.

£80,000 - 120,000 EUR 101,500 - 152,250USD 128,310 - 192,470

Footnotes

A Cokete Seal was used by customs officials. Seal matrices were

important artefacts with legal standing; they were kept securely and

would normally be destroyed when obsolete or damaged; this pair

show signs of usage wear and the beginnings of cracking at the

edges resulting from the pressures exerted when used in a seal press

to force the beeswax mixture fully into the design recesses. It is

possible that the pair was discarded from use when the damage

became evident but before the matrix broke and it was then

inadvertently preserved.

9


Contemporary documents:

1) Robert the Bruce royal charter of 1315 AD to Dunfermline Abbey:

"Robert, by the grace of God King of Scots, to all upright men in his

whole land, greeting: Know ye that, for the safety of our own soul and

that of our predecessors and successors, Kings of Scotland, we have

given, granted, and by this our present Charter, have confirmed to

God, the Blessed Mary the Virgin, the Church of the Holy Trinity, and

St. Margaret, Queen of Dunfermlyn, and to the monks serving and to

serve God for ever in the same, the right of patronage of the vicar

Church of Inverkeithing, with the pertinents, as freely and quietly, fully,

peacefully, and honourably as the predecessors formerly of Roger de

Moubray, knight, who had forfeited it to us, have held and possessed

the said right of patronage most freely, quietly, and honourably in all

things, by rendering to us nothing therefore by only the suffrages of

their prayers: Besides, we give and grant, and, by this our present

charter, confirm to the foresaid monks, the whole of our new great

Customs from all their lands within our kingdom, viz., the land of the

burghs of Dunfermlyne, Kirkcaldy, Musselburgh, and Queensferry,

and from all their other lands whatsoever; To also let the said monks

have and use their own Koketa, according to the liberties of their

regality, and our present concession in all their foresaid lands; and

let this Koketa be acknowledged and admitted by all burgesses and

our people, and foreign merchants throughout our whole kingdom,

without obstruction from our chamberlains, or other servants of ours

whatsoever for the time being, without petition from any other

allocation of liberation, by finding for this our donation and concession

of the said Customs for us and our successors, in honour of God and

the Blessed Virgin Mary, and the aforesaid Blessed Margaret in the

Choir in front of her shrine, one wax candle solemnly lighted,

continually and forever. In testimony whereof we have caused our

seal to be attached to our present Charter, these fathers being

witnesses. William, and William, Bishops of St. Andrews and

Dunkeld; Bernard, our Chancellor, the Abbot of Aberborthick; Duncan

and Thomas Randolph, of Fife" (Registrum de Dunfermelyn, No. 346,

p.232-233);

2) Royal writ of Robert the Bruce dated 10th July, 1322 to the

Magistrates of Bruges: "Robert, by the Grace of God, King of the

Scots, wishes prosperity and a continual increase of happiness to our

very dear friends, the Magistrates and Ministers of the Burgh, and the

whole community of the City of Bruges, Know ye, that from a regard

to Divine charity, we have granted to the religious men, the Abbot and

Convent of Dunfermline, our Monks, the whole of our large Customs

from all their lands within our kingdom, in free, pure, and perpetual

alms; wherefore we have thought, wherever and whenever your

merchants with their merchandise, shall present to you in due form

the seal of the said religious men, your whole community should be

requested to be careful to receive it as our own proper Seal. In

testimony whereof we send you these our letters patent. Given at

Scone, on the tenth day of July, in the sixteenth of our reign”

(Registrum de Dunfermelyn, No. 596, p.415; Fernie’s Hist. Dunf.

pp.195-196; Mercer's The History of Dunfermline from the Earliest

Records Down to the Present Time, pp.306-307);

3) For the year 1322 AD, from the records of Dunfermline Abbey: "The

Cocquet Seal of the Regality Court of Dunfermline was engraven this

year by sanction of King Robert the Bruce, by Chapter, dated at

Scone, 10th July, 1322, along with letters patent to all who paid

customs at Bruges, in Flanders, or elsewhere, notifying that wherever

this Seal was in due form produced, it was to be recognised as the

authority for collecting the customs granted to the Abbey by the King,

&c."

4) Great Customs of Dunfermline. Robert the Bruce intimated, by

Charter, to his Great Chamberlain, that the Abbey had a gift of the

Great Customs of Wool, Skins, and Leather, arising from their own

lands and men throughout the whole kingdom. This Charter is dated

“Forfar, 10th September, 1322.” (Registrum de Dunfermelyn, p. 247,

No. 362; Dal. Mon. An. p. 20, also p. 252, No. 369.)

10


Published citations:

1) Dalyell, John Graham, A Tract Chiefly Relative to MonasticAntiquities, with Some Account of a Recent Search for the Remainsof the Scottish Kings Interred in the Abbey of Dunfermline, Edinburgh,

1809, pp.72-73 and plate (illustrating a lead impression of the

obverse) - with an original edition of this book.

2) Mercer, Andrew, The History of Dunfermline from the EarliestRecords Down to the Present Time, Dunfermline, 1828, p.63,

footnote.

3) Chalmers, Rev. Peter, History of Dunfermline, Blackwood & sons,

1844, vol. 1, p.253.

4) Laing, Henry Descriptive Catalogue of Impressions from ScottishSeals, Edinburgh, 1850, pp.215-216, numbers 1190 and 1191 ("This

and the counter seal following, are fine and interesting specimens, in

most excellent preservation. The design of this one is an elegant full-

length figure of Saint Margaret, with an open crown of three points.

In her right hand she holds a scepter, and a book in her left. At the

dexter side is a shield bearing the arms of Scotland, and at the sinister

another, with a cross fleury between five martlets, being the paternal

arms of the Queen. The back-ground is elegantly ornamented with

foliage. S COKETE REGALITATIS DE DVMFERMLYN. Counter Seal

of the last. Merely containing the arms of Scotland. Foliage surrounds

the shield. ROBERTVS DEI GRACIA REX SCOTORVM". This seal

is and has been in possession of the writer of the Annals for a great

many years") - with an original edition of this book.

11


5) Dunfermline Press, Dunfermline, Thursday, 1 September 1859,

cols. 6-7, report of the Presentation of the Freedom of the City and

Dinner to Dr. Henderson (wherein his speech mentions the Cokete

Seal, among others) - with a printout of the newspaper article.

6) Henderson, Dr. Ebenezer, Annals of Dunfermline, Glasgow, 1879,

pp.107-147 and 766 (for a list of items in the possession of the author)

- with an original edition of this book.

7) Birch, Walter de Gray, Catalogue of Seals in the Department ofManuscripts at the British Museum, British Museum, 1895, vol. IV,

numbers 15,512 (a contemporary red wax impression) and 15,513

(19th century sulphur casts from these matrices) - with a copy of these

entries.

8) National Museums of Scotland, Edinburgh, reference K.1999.802

(19th century sulphur cast of the obverse matrix), with a printed image

of this cast;

Literature

Harvey, P. D. A. and McGuiness, Andrew, A Guide to British MedievalSeals, British Library and Public Record Office, 1996, pp.41-42 and

fig 36 (for brief discussion of customs service and cokete seals,

illustrated with an example for Inverness and Cromarty); see

TimeLine Auctions, 19 June 2013, lot 1322 (part) for an electrotype

of a cokete seal for Winchester.

12


745

MEDIEVAL ‘ALEXANDER OF THORPE’ VESICA SEAL MATRIX14th century AD

A bronze seal with strap and loop to the reverse; intaglio design of a

robed figure standing beneath a tracery arch with raised hand, a

chalice on altar before; to the border the Lombardic script legend ‘S’

ALEXSANDRI DE TORPI’ (seal of Alexander of Thorpe [-in-Balne]);

accompanied by an impression and collector’s relevant data cards.

7.08 grams, 33mm (1½"). Very fine condition.

£400 - 600 EUR 510 - 760USD 640 - 960

Provenance

Acquired in the 1970s; found Thorpe-in-Balne, near Doncaster, Yorkshire, UK.

746

MEDIEVAL MADONNA AND CHILD VESICA SEAL MATRIX14th century AD

A large bronze seal with strap and loop to the reverse; intaglio design

of Madonna and Child (Mary and Jesus) within a trefoil arch with

cross above, a smaller arch below between towers with supplicant

figure of a praying tonsured monk; to the border the Lombardic script

legend ‘S’ CONVENTVS F R M PREDICATORUM VRG’ M’ (seal of

the convention ... of the preachers of the Virgin Mary?); accompanied

by an impression and collector’s relevant data cards. 18 grams,

46mm (1¾"). Very fine condition.

£1,200 - 1,800 EUR 1,520 - 2,280USD 1,920 - 2,890

Provenance

Acquired in the 1970s; found near Rochester, Kent, UK.

747

MEDIEVAL ‘KING OF THE ENGLISH NATION’ SEAL MATRIX14th century AD

A bronze ‘chess piece’ type stamp seal with hexagonal-section shank

and loop above; intaglio design of a standing crowned figure of the

king holding a sceptre and with an eagle to his side, above a robed

supplicant figure praying; to the border the Lombardic script legend

‘A[V?E?] REX GENTIS ANGLORV’ ([hail?] king of the English

nation); accompanied by an impression and collector’s relevant data

cards. 3.71 grams, 20mm (¾"). Very fine condition.

£600 - 900 EUR 760 - 1,140USD 960 - 1,440

Provenance

Acquired in the 1970s; found near Blyth, Northumberland, UK.

748

MEDIEVAL ‘ST HELENA’ OVAL SEAL MATRIX14th century AD


and trefoil loop above; intaglio design of a robed standing female

figure holding a cross with head inclined towards a robed kneeling

figure praying in a field of trefoils; to the border the Lombardic script

legend ‘*SC HELENA.PRO.ME.ORA‘ (‘Saint Helena pray for me);


11 grams, 26mm (1"). Very fine condition.

£400 - 600 EUR 510 - 760USD 640 - 960

Provenance

Acquired in the 1970s; found Firle, East Sussex, UK.

749

MEDIEVAL ‘JOHN OF MESSINGHAM’ OVAL SEAL MATRIX14th century AD


and quatrefoil loop above; intaglio design of Madonna and Child

(Mary and Jesus) with tree within an arch, lateral towers and stars

above, kneeling supplicant in panel beneath; to the border the

Lombardic script legend ‘S’IOH’ISDEMESSINGHAM’ (seal of John

of Messingham); accompanied by an impression and collector’s

relevant data cards. 8.71 grams, 23mm (1"). Very fine condition.

£500 - 800 EUR 630 - 1,010USD 800 - 1,280

Provenance

Acquired in the 1970s; found near Louth, Lincolnshire, UK.

745

746

747

748

749

750

MEDIEVAL ‘HALDARD’ CORPUS CHRISTI OVAL SEAL MATRIX14th century AD

A bronze ‘chess piece’ type stamp seal with hexagonal-section

shank, collar and trefoil loop above; intaglio design of the crucifixion

in one arch and Madonna and Child (Mary and Jesus) in the other, a

robed supplicant beneath with chalice; to the border the Lombardic

script legend ‘MATER QV[...] HALDARD’ (mother [of God?]

...Haldard); accompanied by an impression and collector’s relevant

data cards. 20 grams, 33mm (1¼"). Very fine condition.

£400 - 600 EUR 510 - 760USD 640 - 960

Provenance

Acquired in the 1970s; found Gringley-on-the-Hill, Nottinghamshire, UK.

751

MEDIEVAL ‘ST CATHERINE’ OVAL SEAL MATRIX14th century AD


and trefoil loop above; the intaglio design of a facing female figure

holding a spoked and spiked wheel, a frond to each side; to the border

the Lombardic script legend ‘*SAVNCACATERINA’ (Saint Catherine);


13 grams, 27mm (1"). Extremely fine condition.

£300 - 500 EUR 380 - 630USD 480 - 800

Provenance

Acquired in the 1970s; found Norfolk, UK.

752

MEDIEVAL ‘ST CATHERINE’ CIRCULAR SEAL MATRIX14th century AD


and quatrefoil loop above; intaglio design of a quatrefoil with a

tressure of arches, within which a facing female figure with a spiked

wheel in her left hand and robed kneeling figure praying at

her side; to the border the Lombardic script legend

‘CATINA:VIRGO:DIVINA:CLEMENT[IS]S[I]MA’ (Catherine the most

merciful divine virgin); accompanied by an impression and collector’s

relevant data cards. 16 grams, 29mm (1¼"). Extremely fine condition.

£600 - 900 EUR 760 - 1,140USD 960 - 1,440

Provenance

Acquired in the 1970s; found Thaxted, Essex, UK.

753

MEDIEVAL ‘QUEEN OF MERCY’ VESICA SEAL MATRIX14th century AD

A bronze seal matrix with strap and loop to the reverse; intaglio

design of a haloed facing Madonna and Child (Mary and Jesus) and

robed supplicant figure praying below, beneath an arch; to the border

the Lombardic script legend ‘+SALVE REGINA MISERICORDE’

(Save [me] O Queen of Mercy); accompanied by an impression and

collector’s relevant data cards. 11 grams, 35mm (1½"). Very finecondition.

£500 - 800 EUR 630 - 1,010USD 800 - 1,280

Provenance

Acquired in the 1970s; found near Canterbury, Kent, UK.

754

MEDIEVAL ‘ST JOHN THE BAPTIST’ OVAL SEAL MATRIX14th century AD


shank, collar and trefoil loop above; intaglio design of a standing

figure of St John within an arcade with trefoils and tracery holding a

circular object; a kneeling supplicant figure before, to the border the

Lombardic script legend ‘ECCExAGNVSxDEI’ (Behold, the Lamb of

God’); accompanied by an impression and collector’s relevant data

cards. 15 grams, 29mm (1¼"). Fine condition, small chip to edge.

£200 - 300 EUR 250 - 380USD 320 - 480

Provenance

Acquired in the 1970s; found Worcester, Worcestershire, UK.

13


750

751

752

753

754

755

MEDIEVAL ‘GABRIEL AND MARY ANNUNCIATION’ VESICASEAL MATRIX14th century AD

A bronze seal matrix with strap and loop to the reverse; intaglio

design of a double arch with central balustered column and abbey

buildings above, a winged male figure (Gabriel) in one arch

addressing a facing robed female (Mary) in the other, a tonsured

supplicant below with hands raised; to the border the Lombardic script

legend ‘MISS:EST GABRIEL AD MARI’ (Gabriel is sent to Mary);


6.73 grams, 31mm (1¼"). Very fine condition.

£600 - 900 EUR 760 - 1,140USD 960 - 1,440

Provenance

Acquired in the 1970s; found near Jervaulx Abbey, Yorkshire, UK.

756

MEDIEVAL ‘ST. STEPHEN’ CIRCULAR SEAL MATRIX14th century AD

A bronze ‘chess piece’ stamp seal with hexagonal-section shank,

collar and trefoil loop above; intaglio design of a standing robed figure

holding stones with fronds in the field; to the border the Lombardic

script legend ‘*SANCTVS-STEFANVS’ (Saint Stephen);


22 grams, 34mm (1½"). Extremely fine condition.

£1,000 - 1,500 EUR 1,270 - 1,900USD 1,600 - 2,410

Provenance

Acquired in the 1970s; found near Boston, Lincolnshire, UK.

757

MEDIEVAL ‘ST PETER’ VESICA SEAL MATRIX14th century AD

A bronze stamp seal with strap and loop to the reverse; intaglio

design of a standing St. Peter, facing, holding a book and a key, stars

and crescents in the field; to the border the Lombardic script legend

‘TV ES PETRVS ET SVP HAC PETRA’ (you are the rock and on this

rock); accompanied by an impression and collector’s relevant data

cards. 11 grams, 31mm (1¼"). Extremely fine condition.

£800 - 1,200 EUR 1,010 - 1,520USD 1,280 - 1,920

Provenance

Acquired in the 1970s; found Blyth, Northumberland, UK.

758

MEDIEVAL ‘ST ANDREW’ OVAL SEAL MATRIX14th century AD

A bronze stamp seal with strap and loop to the reverse; intaglio

design of St. Andrew facing, tied to a saltire cross; to the border the

Lombardic script legend ‘S’ WILI’.CADELLANI+ANDREA:PIE’ (seal

of William Cadellan, Andrew [the pious?]); accompanied by an

impression and collector’s relevant data cards. 11 grams, 26mm (1").Extremely fine condition.

£1,800 - 2,400 EUR 2,280 - 3,040USD 2,890 - 3,850

Provenance

Acquired in the 1970s; found Dalton-le-Dale, County Durham, UK.

759

MEDIEVAL ‘ST JOHN THE BAPTIST’ OVAL SEAL MATRIX14th century AD


shank, collar and loop above; intaglio design of a facing nimbate

figure of St John standing with frond and holding a miniature lamb-

and-flag icon; to the border the Lombardic script legend ‘ECCE

AGNVS D[?]EI’ (Behold, the lamb of God); accompanied by an

impression and collector’s relevant data cards. 11 grams, 28mm (1").Very fine condition.

£400 - 600 EUR 510 - 760USD 640 - 960

Provenance

Acquired in the 1970’s; found Knapton, Yorkshire, UK.

14


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758

759

TimeLine Auctions

Important Notices & Cataloguing Protocols

1. Interpretations and Definitions: the following terms generally

apply within these Terms and Conditions; other terms are defined

within specific sections following:

Auctioneer – the firm TimeLine Auctions Ltd (“TimeLine” hereafter)

or its authorised auctioneer.

Agent – a person acting on behalf of another.

Auction – a sale event whether taking place live in real-time or of

extended duration (Timed Auction).

Bid – a sum offered by a Bidder to purchase the Lot.

Bidder – the person offering a Bid.

Buyer – the person who the Lot is knocked down to.

Buyer’s Premium – the percentage of the Hammer Price payable

in addition by the Buyer.

Date of Sale – the date on which the Auctioneer knocks down the

Lot.

Hammer Price – the amount of the winning bid when knocked down

by the auctioneer to a Bidder.

Knock(ed/ing) Down – the act of the Auctioneer in bringing the

Hammer down to complete the sale of the Lot to the Buyer

submitting the highest bid.

Lot – the goods for sale.

Net Proceeds – the Hammer Price less the Selling Commission

and any charges or expenses levied at TimeLine’s discretion.

Purchase Price – the total sum due for any Lot, including the

Hammer Price, the Buyer’s Premium, any internet bidding fees,

any shipping charges, taxes, duties or any other costs payable to

TimeLine.

Reserve Price – the minimum Hammer Price at which a Lot may

be knocked down.

Seller – the person offering the Lot for sale.

Title – legal rights of ownership of the Lot.

2. Application: the singular includes the plural and vice versa and

any reference to ‘he’, ‘she’ or ‘it’ applies to all of them.

3. Dimensions and weights: all dimensions and weights are

approximate and are for general guidance only; a single dimension

given is normally the greatest dimension for the piece(s).

4. Condition: items are briefly described with respect to condition

using various phrases to signify the overall and general condition.

It should be noted that items having significant age, sometimes

being very ancient, often show minor blemishes and defects and

these are considered to be normal and would not be individually

described. Phrases used include:

Restored - may be repaired or otherwise reinstated; possibly with

some areas replaced;

Fair Condition - may be fragmentary or obviously damaged;

Fine Condition - usually essentially complete but may have minor

damage or show restoration or repair;

Very Fine Condition - usually complete and in good condition; may

have some minor damage, restoration or repair; and

Extremely Fine Condition - complete and better than average

condition, without significant repair or restoration.

5. Dating: dates may be given in several forms, as examples

below:

527 AD - an item that bears a date upon it or that can otherwise

be dated with precision;

6th century AD - an item that can be dated with considerable

confidence to a specific period;

Circa 6th century AD - an item that can be approximately dated by

comparison with other pieces;

Probably 6th century AD - an item that is likely to be of this period

in the light of similar pieces;

Possibly 6th century AD - an item that might be of this period by

comparison with items of a broadly similar character; and

Undated - no date is known or suggested for the piece.

6. Attributions: works of art attributions may be given in several

forms, as examples below:

Signed – a work bearing the signature of the named artist;

Attributed to – a work of the period of the artist which may be in

whole or in part the work of the artist named;

Circle of – a work of the period of the artist and showing his

influence;

Follower of – a contemporary or nearly so work executed in the

style of the artist;

Manner of – a work executed in the style of the artist but of a later

date; and

After – a copy of any date of a work of the artist.

7. Other Descriptive Matters: some other words or phrases are

used descriptively, as examples below:

Style - an item made in the style of an earlier age but thought to

be probably of later date.

Archaistic - an item made in the style of a much earlier age;

Grand Tour - an item usually of some age but in the style of an

earlier age;

After the Antique - an item made as a reproduction, usually of quite

modern date; and

Faux - used descriptively when the material used is probably

imitative in character.

8. Lots including Archaeological or Cultural Property: a UK export

licence from the Department of Culture, Media and Sport, is

required for all Lots originating from UK soil or territory leaving the

UK and for such Lots of non-UK origin when leaving the EU.

TimeLine will make applications for the necessary Cultural

Property Export Licence as a ‘free of charge’ service to Buyers.

Clients are advised to check concerning any Regulations

applicable in their country of residence regarding importation and

to enquire prior to bidding. The deferment of any Export Licence

shall not be reason to cancel any bid nor to delay payment.

9. Lots including materials from Endangered Species: a CITES

licence will be required for the export from the UK of any item(s)

made of or containing materials such as ivory, tortoiseshell,

rhinoceros horn, whalebone, etc. Clients are advised to check

concerning any Regulations applicable in their country of

residence regarding importation.

10. Copyright: all cataloguing text, images and other material

published by TimeLine whether physically or electronically is the

property of TimeLine and may not be reproduced, stored in any

retrieval system or otherwise transmitted in any form or by any

means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or

otherwise without the prior written consent of TimeLine.

11. Basis of Contract: these terms and conditions apply to the

exclusion of any other terms that the Seller or Buyer seeks to

impose or incorporate, or which are implied by trade, custom,

practice or course of dealing.

(a) In consideration for TimeLine accepting goods for sale, the

Seller agrees to be bound by these terms and conditions.

(b) In consideration for TimeLine accepting a Buyer’s bid at the

Auction, the Buyer agrees to be bound by these terms and

conditions.

(c) As auctioneer, TimeLine acts solely for and in the interest of

the Seller only. TimeLine does not act for or give advice to Buyers.

Buying at TimeLine Auctions

12. General Conduct of Auction: TimeLine shall have absolute

discretion as to lots offered for sale, lots withdrawn and the

conduct of any Auction. TimeLine shall have absolute discretion

to refuse entry, decline bids and expel any person from the Auction

whether present in person or by agent or proxy or attending by

way of any electronic media or telecommunications.

13. Viewing: all prospective Bidders are advised to view any Lot(s)

prior to bidding. Public viewing arrangements will be advised in

advance of the Date of Sale and private viewing can be arranged

at the TimeLine premises by appointment.

14. Lot Descriptions: all Lots are offered ‘as seen’ and ‘as is’. The

Buyer is obligated to make all and any enquiries he wishes as to

the accuracy and authenticity of any sale description and the

principle of caveat emptor applies except where expressly

excluded by operation of law. TimeLine does not make or give any

guarantee, warranty or representation or undertake any duty of

care in relation to the description, illustrations or photographs of

any Lot, including condition, quality, provenance, authenticity,

background, style, period, age, origin, value and estimated selling

price.

15. Condition Reports: more detailed appraisals of the condition

of any Lot are available on request. Bidders/Buyers should note

that reports are provided as a service to interested clients.

Descriptions therein are not warranties and all Lots are offered ‘as

seen’ and ‘as is’.

16. Estimates: estimates are for general guidance only and Lots

may sell outside their range. Buyers must make their own

assessment as to the value of any Lot and conduct their bidding

accordingly.

17. Reserves: Lots may be subject to a Reserve set by the Seller,

at a level not exceeding the low estimate, below which Reserve

bids cannot be accepted.

18. Buyer’s Premium: the general Buyer’s Premium is 21% (VAT

inclusive) for Bidders attending the Auction, for telephone Bidders

and for Absentee Bids placed through TimeLine and is payable on

the Hammer Price for every Lot. For Bidders using the

liveauctioneers.com or the-saleroom.com internet bidding service

or any other service that might be provided, the Buyer’s Premium

shall be 24% (VAT inclusive, to include the additional bidding

service charge).

19. Registration and Bidding: all prospective bidders must register

their personal details with TimeLine before bidding and a Bidder

Number will be allocated for their exclusive use; prospective

Bidders may be asked to provide proof of identity and address.

TimeLine reserves its right to refuse any Bidder or any Bid at its

discretion. The Bidder Number must be shown by Bidders to the

Auctioneer when placing a bid and by the successful Bidder when

the Lot is knocked down. The auctioneer shall conduct the Auction

at his sole discretion for all matters, accept Bids from any source

and may exercise bids on behalf of Absentee Bidders or on behalf

of Sellers up to any Reserve. Bidding shall be in pounds sterling

only and generally in accordance with the increments set out

below:

(a) £0 to £99 – in increments of £5

(b) £100 to £199 – in increments of £10

(c) £200 to £499 – in increments of £20

(d) £500 to £999 – in increments of £50

(e) £1000 to £1999 – in increments of £100

(f) £2000 to £4999 – in increments of £200

(g) £5000 to £9999 – in increments of £500

(h) £10000 to £19999 – in increments of £1000

(i) £20000 to £49999 – in increments of £2000

(j) £50000 to £99999 – in increments of £5000

(k) £100000 to £249999 – in increments of £10000

(l) £250000 and up – in minimum increments of £20000

20. Absentee Bidding: Registered Bidders may leave Absentee

Bids in advance of a live Auction directly through the TimeLine

website or in writing by mail, email, fax or other delivery means

and will be automatically exercised at the Reserve Price or at one

bid increment above any competing Bid up to the submitted

maximum Bid amount.

21. Commission Bidding: while Bidders are advised to attend the

Auction and to bid in person, TimeLine will accept written

instructions in advance of a live Auction from a Registered Bidder

to personally execute bids on behalf of the Bidder up to a stated

maximum. Unlimited bids or bids to ‘buy’ will not be accepted. In

the event of identical bids being received from more than one

Bidder, the earliest received will have priority. TimeLine offers this

as a free service for live Auctions but no liability is accepted for

any errors in bidding or in the event that a bid is not placed; a

deposit may be required.

22. Internet Bidding: live, real-time bidding is available to Bidders

through the independent bidding services at liveauctioneers.com

or the-saleroom.com for all live Auctions. Bidders intending to use

an internet bidding service must Register in advance with that

service and a separate additional charge is payable to TimeLine

through the increased Buyer’s Premium applicable to internet

bidding; it is entirely the responsibility of the Bidder using any

bidding service to ensure that Bids are made accurately; Bids

cannot be retracted once made and are binding on the Bidder in

all circumstances. TimeLine are not responsible for any technical

failure or otherwise which results in bids not being received.

23. Telephone Bidding: facilities for telephone bidding are

available at live Auctions at the discretion of TimeLine for Bidders

on Lots with a low estimate in excess of £400 and must be booked

and confirmed in advance. It is a condition for acceptance by

TimeLine of any telephone bidding request that the Bidder

undertakes to execute a minimum Bid at the low estimate sum.

TimeLine offers telephone bidding as a free service but no liability

is accepted for any errors or in the event that a connection cannot

be made or is interrupted before the Lot is knocked down.

24. Agents: all Bidders making Bids through any means shall be

deemed to be acting as principal in their bidding and shall be

directly and fully liable for all Bid amounts, Buyer’s Premium and

any other charges or costs. If any prospective Bidder wishes to

appoint a person to bid on their behalf, then this must be agreed

and authorised in writing by TimeLine in advance of the Auction;

a deposit may be required.

25. Value Added Tax: VAT is charged and invoiced on an inclusive

basis, under the Auctioneer’s Margin Scheme on all Buyers’

Premiums and other charges. Where marked with a ‘dagger’ (†)

symbol VAT will be payable on the Hammer Price in addition.

26. Payment: the Purchase Price becomes due and payable when

the auctioneer knocks the Lot down.

(a) The full Purchase Price must be paid in Pounds Sterling and

can be made by cash up to the value of £7,000, cheque from a UK

bank (subject to clearance), bank transfer (for transfers from

outside the UK, subject to payment of a £10 transaction fee), bank

debit card or credit card (subject to a transaction fee of 3% of the

invoice total amount).

(b) Unless agreed by TimeLine in writing in advance of the

Auction, the Buyer must be pay to TimeLine by no later than

4.30pm on the third working day following the Date of Sale the full

Purchase Price.

27. Title, Risk and Insurance: Title to any Lot is retained by the

Seller until the Purchase Price and all other sums payable by the

Buyer to TimeLine have been paid in full in cleared funds to

TimeLine; at this point, Title will transfer from the Seller to the

Buyer. Risk for the Lot passes to the Buyer at the time the Lot is

knocked down to the Bidder. TimeLine does not hold property

insured after the Lot has been knocked down.

28. Collection of Lots: Once the Buyer has paid the Purchase Price

in full, TimeLine will release the Lot to the Buyer for collection. The

Buyer must collect, or arrange the collection of, all purchases from

the location advised by TimeLine by 4.30pm on the seventh

working day following the Date of Sale. Buyers may use the

services of Mail Boxes Etc (contact details are provided on

TimeLine documentation) or a service of their choice for collection,

packing and shipping services. TimeLine reserves the right to levy

storage and other charges for any Lots that have not been

collected within the stipulated period.

29. Delivery by TimeLine: at the absolute discretion of TimeLine,

TimeLine may, on request, directly arrange delivery of certain Lots

to the address registered to the Buyer, on payment by the Buyer

to TimeLine of any advised handling and delivery charge.

TimeLine does not insure property in transit but can arrange

insurance at a cost of 6% of the total invoice value or minimum of

£10, whichever is the higher; cover being limited to the to the

invoiced amount paid for the Lot and subject to a £200 excess on

any claim.

30. Remedies for Buyer’s Failure to Make Payment and/or

Remove Lots: if the Purchase Price and/or all sums payable are

not paid in full when they fall due and/or the Lot is not removed in

accordance with these terms, TimeLine will without further notice

to the Buyer be entitled to exercise one or more of the following

rights:

(a) To terminate the agreement immediately for breach of contract;

(b) To retain possession of the Lot;

(c) To remove and/or store the Lot at the Buyer’s expense;

(d) To take legal proceedings against the Buyer for payment of

any sums due to TimeLine by the Buyer;

(e) To be paid interest on any monies due to TimeLine at the

annual rate of 8% per annum from time to time to be calculated

on a daily basis from the date upon which such monies became

payable until the date of actual payment;

(f) To sell the Lot without a Reserve Price at the Auction and apply

any proceeds against the amount owing by the Buyer to TimeLine;

(g) To apply any monies received from the Buyer in payment or

part payment of any sums due from the Buyer to TimeLine under

these terms;

(h) To refuse to allow the Buyer to register for a future Auction or

to reject a bid from the Buyer at a future Auction.

31. Buyer’s Indemnity: the Buyer agrees to indemnify TimeLine on

Terms & Conditions

TimeLine Auctions

Absentee Bidding Form

a full indemnity basis against all legal and other costs, all losses

and expenses incurred as a result of TimeLine taking steps under

the previous paragraph.

Selling at TimeLine Auctions

32. Seller’s Representations and Warranties: in submitting goods

for sale, the Seller warrants and represents to TimeLine that he is

the owner of the Lot or is duly authorised to sell the Lot by the

owner and that he is legally capable of selling the Lot and of

transferring full title to the Lot. The Seller also warrants that, to the

best of his knowledge and belief, the Lot is genuine and that the

description given to the Lot is accurate. The Seller warrants that

he has complied with all requirements legal or otherwise relating

to any export or import of the Lot and all duties and taxes in

respect of the export or import of the Lot have been paid and as

far as he is aware all previous third party owners have complied

with such requirements.

33. Seller’s Indemnity: the Seller shall indemnify and hold

TimeLine harmless from all claims and all direct, indirect or

consequential losses (including loss of profits, loss of business,

depletion of goodwill and similar losses), costs, proceedings,

damages and expenses (including legal and other professional

fees and expenses) awarded against or incurred or paid by

TimeLine as a result or in connection with:

(a) Any claim made against TimeLine concerning the authenticity

of any Lot;

(b) Any alleged or actual infringement, whether or not under

English law, of any third party’s Intellectual Property Rights or

other rights arising out of the Auction or sale of the Lot.

34. Selling Commission: The standard rate of selling commission

payable to TimeLine shall be 18% of the Hammer Price (VAT

inclusive).

35. Additional Charges: TimeLine may levy additional charges

regarding:

(a) Collection of goods from Seller’s premises, storage of goods

submitted for sale by a Seller and storage of Lots unsold;

(b) Further charges at the discretion of TimeLine on advance

warning to the Seller for any unusual research, special or

additional imaging, testing, consultation with external specialists,

conservation, cleaning or other services concerned with

presenting the Lot, including VAT or other taxes or duties as

applicable.

36. Lots: all goods submitted to TimeLine will be lotted and

catalogued at the sole discretion of TimeLine; antiquities, antiques

and collectables Lots with a low estimate of £200 or less and coins

Lots with a low estimate of £100 or less will not normally be

illustrated in any printed catalogue; estimates are provided for

information only and Hammer Prices may differ from the estimated

range.

37. Rights to Photographs, Illustrations and Documents: the seller

gives Timeline full and absolute right to photograph or illustrate

any Lot submitted for sale and to use such photographs or

illustrations and any photographs, illustrations or documents

provided by the seller at any time and at TimeLine’s absolute

discretion (whether or not in connection with any Auction).

38. Reserve Price: The seller may set a Reserve Price on any Lot

where the low estimate exceeds £120 subject to agreeing that an

Unsold Fee will become payable for any such Reserved Lot which

fails to sell; in addition the Seller agrees that the auctioneer may

accept a bid received at one bid increment or 10% of the Reserve

Price (whichever is higher) below the Reserve Price sum if

necessary to sell the Lot.

39. Withdrawal of Lots: Once entered for sale, Lots may be

withdrawn by the Seller only upon payment to TimeLine of a

withdrawal fee which shall be 6% (VAT inclusive) of the low

estimate or Reserve, whichever is higher. TimeLine reserves the

absolute right to withdraw any Lot from sale for any reason.

40. Unsold Lots: in the event that a Lot is not sold no selling

Commission is payable unless the Lot was subject to a Reserve

Price in which case a sum of 6% (VAT inclusive) is payable by the

Seller to TimeLine. Charges for storage, insurance and other

charges remain payable by the Seller to TimeLine at its discretion;

the Seller is responsible for collection of the unsold goods

immediately following the Date of Sale.

41. Payment to Sellers: the Net Proceeds of the Auction (Hammer

Price less Selling Commission, insurance and any other charges

or expenses at TimeLine’s absolute discretion) will become due

and payable to the Seller 30 days following the Date of Sale

provided that TimeLine have received cleared payment of the

Purchase Price in full from the Buyer.

42. Insurance for Sellers: if the Seller wishes for TimeLine be

responsible to the Seller as bailee for any loss or damage to the

Lot being consigned, then:

(a) The Seller shall agree to pay 1.5% of the Reserve or low

estimate, or of the Hammer Price if sold, whichever of them is

greater, to TimeLine for payment of insurance;

(b) TimeLine shall not be liable for loss or damage to a Lot if

caused by act(s) of terrorism, war, natural disaster or other

uninsurable event.

(c) TimeLine does not insure any Lot after it is knocked down.

(d) An excess of £200 shall apply to all claims.

Legal Matters

43. Sale of Goods Act: The terms implied by sections 13 to 15 of

the Sale of Goods Act 1979 are, to the fullest extent permitted by

law, excluded.

44. Severance: If any provision or part-provision of these terms

and conditions is or becomes invalid, illegal or unenforceable, it

shall be deemed modified to the minimum extent necessary to

make it valid, legal and enforceable. If such modification is not

possible, the relevant provision or part-provision shall be deemed

deleted. Any modification to or deletion of a provision or part-

provision under this clause shall not affect the validity and

enforceability of the rest of the terms and conditions.

45. Governing Law: these terms and conditions and any dispute

or claim arising out of or in connection with them or their subject

matter or formation (including non-contractual disputes or claims)

shall be governed by, and construed in accordance with, the law

of England and Wales.

46. Jurisdiction: each party irrevocably agrees that the courts of

England and Wales shall have exclusive jurisdiction to settle any

dispute or claim arising out of or in connection with these terms

and conditions or its subject matter or formation (including non-

contractual disputes or claims).

47. Disputes: in the event that the Buyer or Seller has any dispute

in relation to a Lot which has been sold, that dispute must be

notified to TimeLine in writing within 14 days following the Date of

Sale in order that TimeLine can hold the proceeds pending

resolution of the dispute. In the event of deliberate forgery being

claimed for any Lot, the Buyer shall submit two opinions in writing

from recognised experts for consideration; the inability of different

experts to agree shall not be sufficient grounds and TimeLine may

investigate or consult with others at their discretion. TimeLine will

have no liability to the Buyer and Seller after a period of 14 days

as then TimeLine will release monies and make payments to

Sellers in accordance with these terms and conditions.

Sale: 4 December 2014Name: Office use only

Address: Date Received:

Telephone: Bidder No:

E-mail:

Please bid on my behalf for the following lot(s) up to the maximum bids given below. I understand that a successful bid will

additionally incur a 21% Buyer’s Premium Inclusive. I agree to pay all sums due promptly, including shipping, insurance and other costs as may be relevant. I am

over 18 years old. Bids must be in accordance with the increments given in our Terms and Conditions.

Absentee bids must be received by no later than 9 pm on 1 December 2014, unless submitted by e-mail or in person.

I confirm that I have read and agree to accept the Terms and Conditions of Sale.

Signed: Date:

If successful, I wish to pay for my purchases by:

Cash/Cheque/Debit Card/Credit Card/Bank Transfer/......................................................................................................................................*

*delete as required

Lot NoItem

DescriptionMax Bid £ Lot No

Item

DescriptionMax Bid £

Terms & Conditions

robert the bruce seal

Documents

pm lot

absentee bids

absentee bidding form

brett hammond coins

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ecclesiastical seals4

anymissed lots

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